1
|
Cheng L, Zhang Y, Lv M, Huang W, Zhang K, Guan Z, Feng X, Yang Y, Gao Y, Liu X. Impaired learning and memory in male mice induced by sodium arsenite was associated with MMP-2/MMP-9-mediated blood-brain barrier disruption and neuronal apoptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 285:117016. [PMID: 39288732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic is a widespread environmental contaminant known to accumulate in the brain, leading to cognitive impairment. However, the exact mechanisms by which arsenic causes cognitive deficits remain unclear. The present study aims to discover whether the destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediated by matrix metalloproteinases 2 and matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and subsequent neuronal apoptosis are involved in arsenic-induced cognitive impairment. Ninety male mice were given 0, 25, and 50 mg/L NaAsO2 in drinking water and 30 mg/kg doxycycline hyclate (DOX, an inhibitor of MMPs) gavage for 12 weeks to observe the alterations in learning and memory of mice, the morphology of hippocampal neurons, as well as the BBB permeability and ultrastructure, the localization and expression of tight junction proteins, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Our findings indicated that arsenic exposure induced learning and memory impairment in mice, accompanied by neuronal loss and apoptosis. Furthermore, arsenic exposure increased hematogenous IgG leakage into the brain, disrupted the tight junctions, reduced the expression of Claudin5, Occludin, and ZO1 in the endothelial cells, and increased the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the endothelial cells and astrocytes. Finally, DOX intervention preserved BBB integrity, alleviated hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, and improved cognitive impairment in mice caused by arsenic exposure. Our research demonstrates that cognitive disfunction in mice induced by arsenic exposure is associated with MMP-2 and MMP-9-mediated BBB destruction and neuronal apoptosis. The current investigation provides new insights into mechanisms of arsenic neurotoxicity and suggests that MMP-2 and MMP-9 may serve as potential therapeutic targets for treating arsenic-induced cognitive dysfunction in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Man Lv
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Kunyu Zhang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ziqiao Guan
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xirui Feng
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China University, Harbin 150001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hochstetler A, Price G, Baohan A, Li M, Rodriguez Lara F, Lok J, Costine-Bartell B. Developmental Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Response to Multifactorial, Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries during Immaturity. Dev Neurosci 2024; 46:319-332. [PMID: 38190820 PMCID: PMC11228128 DOI: 10.1159/000536054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A striking pattern in young children after severe TBI is when the entire cortical ribbon displays tissue damage: hemispheric hypodensity (HH). HH is often a result of abusive head trauma (AHT). We previously reported a model of HH in a gyrencephalic species where a combination of injuries consisting of (1) cortical impact, (2) midline shift, (3) subdural hematoma/subarachnoid hemorrhage, (4) traumatic seizures, and (5) brief apnea and hypoventilation resulted in extensive, hypoxic-ischemic-type injury. Importantly, this mechanism closely resembles that seen in children, with relative sparing of the contralateral cortex, thus ruling out a pure asphyxia mechanism. In this model, piglets of similar developmental stage to human toddlers (postnatal day 30, PND30) have extensive hypoxic-ischemic damage to the cortical ribbon with sparing of the contralateral hemisphere and deep gray matter areas. However, piglets of similar developmental stage to human infants (postnatal day 7, PND7) have less hypoxic-ischemic damage that is notably bilateral and patchy. We therefore sought to discover whether the extensive tissue damage observed in PND30 was due to a greater upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS In PND7 or PND30 piglets receiving AHT injuries (cortical impact, midline shift, subdural hematoma/subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic seizures, and brief apnea and hypoventilation) or a sham injury, the pattern of albumin extravasation and MMP-9 upregulation throughout the brain was determined via immunohistochemistry, brain tissue adjacent to the cortical impact where the tissue damage spreads was collected for Western blots, and the gelatinase activity was determined over time in peripheral plasma. EEG was recorded, and piglets survived up to 24 h after injury administration. RESULTS The pattern of albumin extravasation, indicating vasogenic edema, as well as increase in MMP-9, were both present at the same areas of hypoxic-ischemic tissue damage. Evidence from immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and zymogens demonstrate that MMP-2, -3, or -9 are constitutively expressed during immaturity and are not different between developmental stages; however, active forms are upregulated in PND30 but not PND7 after in response to AHT model injuries. Furthermore, peripheral active MMP-9 was downregulated after model injuries in PND7. CONCLUSIONS This differential response to AHT model injuries might confer protection to the PND7 brain. Additionally, we find that immature gyrencephalic species have a greater baseline and array of MMPs than previously demonstrated in rodent species. Treatment with an oral or intravenous broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor might reduce the extensive spread of injury in PND30, but the exposure to metalloproteinase inhibitors must be acute as to not interfere with the homeostatic role of matrix metalloproteinases in normal postnatal brain development and plasticity as well as post-injury synaptogenesis and tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hochstetler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Price
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Amy Baohan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Josephine Lok
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beth Costine-Bartell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cipriani R, Domerq M, Martín A, Matute C. Role of Microglia in Stroke. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:405-422. [PMID: 39207705 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a complex brain pathology caused by an interruption of blood supply to the brain. It results in neurological deficits which that reflect the localization and the size of the compromised brain area and are the manifestation of complex pathogenic events triggered by energy depletion. Inflammation plays a prominent role, worsening the injury in the early phase and influencing poststroke recovery in the late phase. Activated microglia are one of the most important cellular components of poststroke inflammation, appearing from the first few hours and persisting for days and weeks after stroke injury. In this chapter, we will discuss the nature of the inflammatory response in brain ischemia, the contribution of microglia to injury and regeneration after stroke, and finally, how ischemic stroke directly affects microglia functions and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Domerq
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain
| | - Abraham Martín
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Carlos Matute
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Z, Ji C, Wang D, Wang M, Song D, Xu X, Zhang D. The burden of diabetes on the soft tissue seal surrounding the dental implants. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1136973. [PMID: 36875028 PMCID: PMC9978121 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1136973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue seal around implant prostheses is considered the primary barrier against adverse external stimuli and is a critical factor in maintaining dental implants' stability. Soft tissue seal is formed mainly by the adhesion of epithelial tissue and fibrous connective tissue to the transmembrane portion of the implant. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the risk factors for peri-implant inflammation, and peri-implant disease may be triggered by dysfunction of the soft tissue barrier around dental implants. This is increasingly considered a promising target for disease treatment and management. However, many studies have demonstrated that pathogenic bacterial infestation, gingival immune inflammation, overactive matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), impaired wound healing processes and excessive oxidative stress may trigger poor peri-implant soft tissue sealing, which may be more severe in the T2DM state. This article reviews the structure of peri-implant soft tissue seal, peri-implant disease and treatment, and moderating mechanisms of impaired soft tissue seal around implants due to T2DM to inform the development of treatment strategies for dental implants in patients with dental defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Chonghao Ji
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | | | - Maoshan Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Song
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Laminin as a Biomarker of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption under Neuroinflammation: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126788. [PMID: 35743229 PMCID: PMC9224176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminin, a non-collagenous glycoprotein present in the brain extracellular matrix, helps to maintain blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and regulation. Neuroinflammation can compromise laminin structure and function, increasing BBB permeability. The aim of this paper is to determine if neuroinflammation-induced laminin functional changes may serve as a potential biomarker of alterations in the BBB. The 38 publications included evaluated neuroinflammation, BBB disruption, and laminin, and were assessed for quality and risk of bias (protocol registered in PROSPERO; CRD42020212547). We found that laminin may be a good indicator of BBB overall structural integrity, although changes in expression are dependent on the pathologic or experimental model used. In ischemic stroke, permanent vascular damage correlates with increased laminin expression (β and γ subunits), while transient damage correlates with reduced laminin expression (α subunits). Laminin was reduced in traumatic brain injury and cerebral hemorrhage studies but increased in multiple sclerosis and status epilepticus studies. Despite these observations, there is limited knowledge about the role played by different subunits or isoforms (such as 411 or 511) of laminin in maintaining structural architecture of the BBB under neuroinflammation. Further studies may clarify this aspect and the possibility of using laminin as a biomarker in different pathologies, which have alterations in BBB function in common.
Collapse
|
6
|
Amante C, Esposito T, Del Gaudio P, Di Sarno V, Porta A, Tosco A, Russo P, Nicolais L, Aquino RP. A Novel Three-Polysaccharide Blend In Situ Gelling Powder for Wound Healing Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101680. [PMID: 34683973 PMCID: PMC8541204 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, alginate/pectin and alginate/pectin/chitosan blend particles, in the form of an in situ forming hydrogel, intended for wound repair applications, have been successfully developed. Particles have been used to encapsulate doxycycline in order to control the delivery of the drug, enhance its antimicrobial properties, and the ability to inhibit host matrix metalloproteinases. The presence of chitosan in the particles strongly influenced their size, morphology, and fluid uptake properties, as well as drug encapsulation efficiency and release, due to both chemical interactions between the polymers in the blend and interactions with the drug demonstrated by FTIR studies. In vitro antimicrobial studies highlighted an increase in antibacterial activity related to the chitosan amount in the powders. Moreover, in situ gelling powders are able to induce a higher release of IL-8 from the human keratinocytes that could stimulate the wound healing process in difficult-healing. Interestingly, doxycycline-loaded particles are able to increase drug activity against MMPs, with good activity against MMP-9 even at 0.5 μg/mL over 72 h. Such results suggest that such powders rich in chitosan could be a promising dressing for exudating wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Amante
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (C.A.); (T.E.); (V.D.S.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.R.); (R.P.A.)
| | - Tiziana Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (C.A.); (T.E.); (V.D.S.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.R.); (R.P.A.)
| | - Pasquale Del Gaudio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (C.A.); (T.E.); (V.D.S.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.R.); (R.P.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-969-247; Fax: +39-089-969-602
| | - Veronica Di Sarno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (C.A.); (T.E.); (V.D.S.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.R.); (R.P.A.)
| | - Amalia Porta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (C.A.); (T.E.); (V.D.S.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.R.); (R.P.A.)
| | - Alessandra Tosco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (C.A.); (T.E.); (V.D.S.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.R.); (R.P.A.)
| | - Paola Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (C.A.); (T.E.); (V.D.S.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.R.); (R.P.A.)
| | - Luigi Nicolais
- Materias s.r.l., University of Naples, “Federico II” Campus San Giovanni a Teduccio, I-80146 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rita P. Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (C.A.); (T.E.); (V.D.S.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.R.); (R.P.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mello BSF, Chaves Filho AJM, Custódio CS, Rodrigues PDA, Carletti JV, Vasconcelos SMM, Sousa FCFD, Sanders LLO, Macedo DS. Doxycycline at subantimicrobial dose combined with escitalopram reverses depressive-like behavior and neuroinflammatory hippocampal alterations in the lipopolysaccharide model of depression. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:733-745. [PMID: 34161892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Doxycycline (DOXY) is a second-generation tetracycline with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. A proinflammatory profile seems to predict the severity of depressive symptoms. In the present study, we aimed at determining whether the anti-inflammatory action of subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline (SDD) (DOXY, 10mg/kg), alone or combined with the antidepressant escitalopram (ESC), could revert lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like alterations in mice. Male Swiss mice received saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for ten consecutive days. From the 6th day of LPS exposure, they were treated with DOXY 10 mg/kg, ESC 4 mg/kg, DOXY 10 mg/kg plus ESC 4 mg/kg (DOXY+ESC), or saline. On the 10th day, we assessed behavioral despair (forced swimming test), anhedonia (sucrose preference test), brain oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory and protective pathways related to depression, such as NF-kB and phospho-CREB. Our results showed that DOXY alone or combined with ESC reduced hippocampal Iba-1 expression and interleukin (IL)-1β levels. Only DOXY+ESC successfully reversed the LPS-induced increase in NF-kBp65 expression and TNFα levels. DOXY caused a marked increase in the hippocampal expression of phospho-CREB and GSH concentrations. DOXY and DOXY+ESC showed a tendency to modulate the functional status of mitogen-activated kinase p42-44 (Phospho-p44/42 MAPK) and of the phosphorylated form of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), revealing a protective profile against inflammation. In conclusion, SDD, combined with ESC, seems to be a good strategy for reverting inflammatory changes and protecting against depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Stefânia Ferreira Mello
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Charllyany Sabino Custódio
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Araújo Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline V Carletti
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lia Lira Olivier Sanders
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Macedo
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abolhasanpour N, Alihosseini S, Golipourkhalili S, Badalzadeh R, Mahmoudi J, Hosseini L. Insight into the effects of melatonin on endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial function, and their cross-talk in the stroke. Arch Med Res 2021; 52:673-682. [PMID: 33926763 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has remained a principal cause of mortality and neurological disabilities worldwide. Blood flow resumption, reperfusion, in the cerebral ischemia prompts a cascade in the brain characterized by various cellular mechanisms like mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stresses, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and excitotoxicity, finally resulting in programmed cell death. Any changes in the ER-mitochondria axis are probably responsible for both the onset and progression of central nervous system diseases. Melatonin, a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland, has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Most studies have shown that it exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke. It was observed that melatonin therapy after the stroke not only leads to reduce mitochondrial dysfunction but also cause to alleviate ER stress and inflammation. This review discusses the impact of melatonin on mitochondrial, ER function, and on the crosstalk between two organelles as a therapeutic target for stroke. Given that the influences of melatonin on each organelle separately, its effects on mechanisms of crosstalk between ER and mitochondria are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Abolhasanpour
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Samin Alihosseini
- Student research center, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevda Golipourkhalili
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Hosseini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran; Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effect of chemically modified tetracycline-8 (CMT-8) on hematology, blood chemistry, cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of healthy dogs. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:200-208. [PMID: 33684794 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclines are antibiotics widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Effects on the immune system and inflammatory response, including effects on blood leukocytes proliferation and function and in cytokines synthesis, have been described. Chemically modified tetracyclines (CMT) have lost their antimicrobial activity, but maintain these other properties. This study analyzes the effect of chemically modified tetracycline-8 (CMT-8) on the evolution of complete blood count, blood chemistry, the mRNA expression of selected cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations distribution in healthy dogs. CMT-8 at a dose of 10 mg/kg once daily was administered per os to six healthy dogs. A control group of five healthy dogs, living in the same conditions than dogs treated with CMT-8, received placebo with an identical therapeutic regimen. When given at the doses used in this study, no side effects of CMT-8 were detected, suggesting a good tolerance and a limited toxicity of the drug. Dogs treated with CMT-8 showed a gradual increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin. The administration of CMT-8 in healthy dogs did not affect blood mRNA expression of IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40 and IL-13. However, the lymphocytes expressing class II MHC on their surface decreased during the first two weeks of CMT-8 treatment and subsequently increased for the next three months. Considering the absence of antimicrobial properties of the drug, the effects of CMT-8 detected in this study seem to be unrelated to the classical antimicrobial activity attributed to tetracyclines.
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu M, Beckett TL, Thomason LAM, Dorr A, Stefanovic B, McLaurin J. Covert strokes prior to Alzheimer's disease onset accelerate peri-lesional pathology but not cognitive deficits in an inducible APP mouse model. Brain Res 2021; 1754:147233. [PMID: 33412147 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that up to 1 in 3 healthy middle-aged adults will have had a covert stroke during their lifetime. Furthermore, post-stroke, survivors are more than twice as likely to develop dementia. In the present study, we aimed to model the impact of focal subclinical ischemia prior to the onset of AD pathogenesis in a preclinical model. We utilized endothelin-1 to induce ischemia in an iducible transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, APPsi:tTA, allowing for temporal control of APP gene expression. We induced the focal subclinical ischemic events in the absence of APP expression, thus prior to AD onset. T2 structural magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the volume and location of focal subclinical ischemic lesions to the medial prefrontal cortex. Following recovery from surgery and 7 weeks of APP expression, we found that two subclinical ischemic lesions resulted in a significant localized increase in amyloid load and in microglial activation proximal to the lesion. However, no differences were found in astrogliosis. A battery of behaviour tests was conducted, in which no significant differences were detected in activities of daily living and cognitive function between stroked and sham cohorts. Overall, our results demonstrated that APP expression was the sole driving force behind behavioural deficits. In conclusion, our results suggest that a history of two subclinical strokes prior to AD onset does not worsen early disease trajectory in a mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Tina L Beckett
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Adrienne Dorr
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bojana Stefanovic
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - JoAnne McLaurin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shishkina GT, Bannova AV, Komysheva NP, Dygalo NN. Anxiogenic-like effect of chronic lipopolysaccharide is associated with increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the rat amygdala. Stress 2020; 23:708-714. [PMID: 32748675 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1793943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathways by which inflammatory stimuli influence behaviors can involve changes in neuronal plasticity, however, the evidence for this is still insufficient. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injected alone or together with tetracycline antibiotic doxycycline (Dox) on the levels of Iba-1, BDNF, Bcl-xL and MMP-9 in brain regions in relation to stress-induced behaviors in the elevated plus-maze (EPM). LPS injected to adult rats every 2 days for a total of 7 injections reduced body weight gain, increased spleen and adrenal weights, decreased locomotor activity, and increased anxiety-like behavior. These effects were associated with increased expression of Iba-1, a well-known marker for activated microglia, in most brain regions investigated. Co-treatment of LPS with Dox attenuated LPS-induced microglial activation and behavioral changes, supporting their relation to the neuroinflammation. LPS administration also produced pro-apoptotic changes in the brain. In the hypothalamus and striatum, the levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL were decreased, whereas in the amygdala, a significant increase in MMP-9 protein levels was observed. The levels of Iba-1 as well as MMP-9 in the amygdala positively correlated with the numbers of defecation. The data suggest that mechanisms of anxiety associated with neuroinflammation may involve the increase in MMP-9 levels in the amygdala.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina T Shishkina
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anita V Bannova
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya P Komysheva
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Dygalo
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
De Lucas JJ, Rodríguez C, San Andrés MD, Sainz A, Villaescusa A, García-Sancho M, Rodríguez-Franco F, San Andrés MI. Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline after oral administration of multiple doses in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:326-332. [PMID: 33128251 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of doxycycline in dogs and assess the efficacy of an oral drug dosage regimen of 10 mg/kg daily for 28 days through Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target analysis based on Monte Carlo simulation, using previously published data for the zoonotic pathogen Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. After a multiple-dosage regimen, the accumulation index was 1.88 ± 0.82. The Cmaxss and Cminss values were 5.18 ± 1.81 µg/ml and 1.91 ± 1.35 µg/ml, respectively. There were statistically significant differences for Cmax, Cmin at 24 hr, MRTt, AUCt and AUC∞ between days 1 and 28. The Cminss value was over the MIC of the principal pathogens, and Cmaxss was higher than the resistance values (>2 μg/ml). For AUC/MIC indices of 12, 25 and 40, the cumulative fraction responses (CFR) were 94.01%, 69.55% and 60.86%, respectively; for an MIC value of 2 µg/ml, the corresponding probability of target attainment (PTA) was 99.94%, 84.78% and 45.16%, respectively. Doxycycline was used against numerous localized infections in different organs and tissues. For the strains with MIC < 1 μg/mL, PTA was close to 100%, even for the most demanding ones, specifically 94.98% for an index of 40% and 99.9% for an index of 25.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Julio De Lucas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Casilda Rodríguez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores San Andrés
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Sainz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Clinical Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Villaescusa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Clinical Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes García-Sancho
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Clinical Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Franco
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Clinical Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel I San Andrés
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Perera TH, Lu X, Howell SM, Kurosu YE, Smith Callahan LA. Combination of IKVAV, LRE, and GPQGIWGQ Bioactive Signaling Peptides Increases Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Neural Stem Cells Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Neurite Extension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000084. [PMID: 32597036 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is emerging as a modulator of neural maturation and axon extension. Most studies have used rodent cells to develop matrices capable of manipulating extracellular matrix remodeling for regenerative applications. However, clinically relevant human induced pluripotent stem cell derived neural stem cells (hNSC) do not always behave in a similar manner as rodent cells. In this study, hNSC response to a hyaluronic acid matrix with laminin derived IKVAV and LRE peptide signaling that has previously shown to promote ECM remodeling and neurite extension by mouse embryonic stem cells is examined. The addition of enzymatically degradable cross linker GPQGIWGQ to the IKVAV and LRE containing hyaluronic acid matrix is necessary to promote neurite extension, hyaluronic acid degradation, and gelatinase expression over hyaluronic acid matrices containing GPQGIWGQ, IKVAV and LRE, or no peptides. Changes in peptide content alters a number of matrix properties that can contribute to the cellular response, but increases in mesh size are not observed with cross linker cleavage in this study. Overall, these data imply a complex interaction between IKVAV, LRE, and GPQGIWGQ to modulate hNSC behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Hiran Perera
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery & Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, 1825 Pressler Suite 630F, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xi Lu
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery & Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, 1825 Pressler Suite 630F, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Skyler M Howell
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery & Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, 1825 Pressler Suite 630F, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuki E Kurosu
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery & Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, 1825 Pressler Suite 630F, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Laura A Smith Callahan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery & Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, 1825 Pressler Suite 630F, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Perera TH, Lu X, Smith Callahan LA. Effect of Laminin Derived Peptides IKVAV and LRE Tethered to Hyaluronic Acid on hiPSC Derived Neural Stem Cell Morphology, Attachment and Neurite Extension. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:E15. [PMID: 32155839 PMCID: PMC7151619 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Low neural tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) content has led to the understudy of its effects on neural cells and tissue. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and laminin are major neural ECM components, but direct comparisons of their cellular effects could not be located in the literature. The current study uses human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived neural stem cells to assess the effects of HA, laminin, and HA with laminin-derived peptides IKVAV and LRE on cellular morphology, attachment, neurite extension and ECM remodeling. Increased attachment was observed on HA with and without IKVAV and LRE compared to laminin. Cellular morphology and neurite extension were similar on all surfaces. Using a direct binding inhibitor of Cav2.2 voltage gated calcium channel activity, a known binding partner of LRE, reduced attachment on HA with and without IKVAV and LRE and altered cellular morphology on surfaces with laminin or IKVAV and LRE. HA with IKVAV and LRE reduced the fluorescent intensity of fibronectin staining, but did not alter the localization of ECM remodeling enzymes matrix metalloprotease 2 and 9 staining compared to HA. Overall, the data indicate HA, IKVAV and LRE have complementary effects on human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived neural stem cell behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Hiran Perera
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.H.P.); (X.L.)
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xi Lu
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.H.P.); (X.L.)
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laura A Smith Callahan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.H.P.); (X.L.)
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Broekaart DWM, van Scheppingen J, Anink JJ, Wierts L, van het Hof B, Jansen FE, Spliet WG, van Rijen PC, Kamphuis WW, de Vries HE, Aronica E, van Vliet EA. Increased matrix metalloproteinases expression in tuberous sclerosis complex: modulation by microRNA 146a and 147b in vitro. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 46:142-159. [PMID: 31183875 PMCID: PMC7217197 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) control proteolysis within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain. Dysfunction of this enzymatic system due to brain inflammation can disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. However, this has not been extensively studied in the epileptogenic human brain. METHODS We investigated the expression and cellular localization of major MMPs (MMP2, MMP3, MMP9 and MMP14) and TIMPs (TIMP1, TIMP2, TIMP3 and TIMP4) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry in resected epileptogenic brain tissue from patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intractable epilepsy and prominent neuroinflammation. Furthermore, we determined whether anti-inflammatory microRNAs, miR146a and miR147b, which can regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level, could attenuate dysregulated MMP and TIMP expression in TSC tuber-derived astroglial cultures. RESULTS We demonstrated higher mRNA and protein expression of MMPs and TIMPs in TSC tubers compared to control and perituberal brain tissue, particularly in dysmorphic neurons and giant cells, as well as in reactive astrocytes, which was associated with BBB dysfunction. More importantly, IL-1β-induced dysregulation of MMP3, TIMP2, TIMP3 and TIMP4 could be rescued by miR146a and miR147b in tuber-derived TSC cultures. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of dysregulation of the MMP/TIMP proteolytic system in TSC, which is associated with BBB dysfunction. As dysregulated MMP and TIMP expression can be ameliorated in vitro by miR146a and miR147b, these miRNAs deserve further investigation as a novel therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. W. M. Broekaart
- Department of (Neuro)PathologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J. van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro)PathologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J. J. Anink
- Department of (Neuro)PathologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - L. Wierts
- Brendinn TherapeuticsAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - B. van het Hof
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - F. E. Jansen
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - W. G. Spliet
- Department of PathologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - P. C. van Rijen
- Department of NeurosurgeryRudolf Magnus Institute for NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - W. W. Kamphuis
- Brendinn TherapeuticsAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - H. E. de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - E. Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)PathologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN)HeemstedeThe Netherlands
| | - E. A. van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)PathologyAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesCenter for NeuroscienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li J, Hu XS, Zhou FF, Li S, Lin YS, Qi WQ, Qi CF, Zhang X. Limb remote ischemic postconditioning protects integrity of the blood-brain barrier after stroke. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1585-1593. [PMID: 30127119 PMCID: PMC6126140 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.237122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrity of the blood-brain barrier structure is essential for maintaining the internal environment of the brain. Development of cerebral infarction and brain edema is strongly associated with blood-brain barrier leakage. Therefore, studies have suggested that protecting the blood-brain barrier may be an effective method for treating acute stroke. To examine this possibility, stroke model rats were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. Remote ischemic postconditioning was immediately induced by three cycles of 10-minute ischemia/10-minute reperfusion of bilateral hind limbs at the beginning of middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion. Neurological function of rat models was evaluated using Zea Longa’s method. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier was assessed by Evans blue leakage. Infarct volume and brain edema were evaluated using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and claudin-5 mRNA was determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and claudin-5 protein was measured by western blot assay. The number of matrix metalloproteinase-9- and claudin-5-positive cells was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that remote ischemic postconditioning alleviated disruption of the blood-brain barrier, reduced infarct volume and edema, decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 mRNA and protein and the number of positive cells, increased expression of claudin-5 mRNA and protein and the number of positive cells, and remarkably improved neurological function. These findings confirm that by suppressing expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and claudin-5 induced by acute ischemia/reperfusion, remote ischemic postconditioning reduces blood-brain barrier injury, mitigates ischemic injury, and exerts protective effects on the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Experiment Technology Center of Preclinical Medicine of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Song Hu
- Experiment Technology Center of Preclinical Medicine of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhou
- Experiment Technology Center of Preclinical Medicine of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Experiment Technology Center of Preclinical Medicine of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - You-Sheng Lin
- Experiment Technology Center of Preclinical Medicine of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Qian Qi
- Experiment Technology Center of Preclinical Medicine of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cun-Fang Qi
- Department of Anatomy, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Experiment Technology Center of Preclinical Medicine of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sarkar S, Mukherjee A, Das N, Swarnakar S. Protective roles of nanomelatonin in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion of aged brain: Matrixmetalloproteinases as regulators. Exp Gerontol 2017; 92:13-22. [PMID: 28285147 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury occurs as a result of oxygen occlusion in the carotid artery through embolus or thrombus formation or cerebrovascular hemorrhage. The oxygen thrust during reperfusion causes the generation of reactive oxidative species (ROS) which exert a potential threat to neuronal survival. ROS may possibly be arrested by antioxidants. After CIR, extracellular matrix remodeling takes place, which is governed by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Augmentation of lipid per oxidation, perturbation of antioxidant enzyme activities and the loss of pyramidal neuronal cells in rat brain were attributed to CIR injury. Melatonin can readily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to exert protective effects as an antioxidant but it is quickly cleared by the circulating blood. Also melatonin is easily degraded by light and hence is found to be ineffective during daytime. Results of the present study showed that unlike free melatonin (FM), the application of nanocapsulated melatonin (NM) exhibited significantly higher potential even at much lower concentrations to rescue neuronal cells and mitochondria during CIR insult and also restored the activities of antioxidative enzymes and MMPs to their normal levels. Hence, nanoencapsulated melatonin may be considered as a suitable drug delivery system for brain to exert protection against CIR injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibani Sarkar
- Drug Development Diagnotics and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhishek Mukherjee
- Drug Development Diagnotics and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nirmalendu Das
- Drug Development Diagnotics and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Snehasikta Swarnakar
- Drug Development Diagnotics and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Recovery of Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:733-740. [PMID: 28063771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke outcome can be predicted by clinical features, biochemical parameters, and some risk factors. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is involved in various stages of stroke pathology. MMP-9 inhibitors are potential stroke therapeutic agents. Little is known about the relation between MMP-9-after the acute stage-and clinical recovery. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the serum level of MMP-9 at stroke onset as predictor of stroke outcome and the relation between the level of MMP-9 after 30 days and stroke recovery. METHODS The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, modified Rankin Scale, and serum level of MMP-9 were assessed in 30 patients with acute ischemic stroke during the first 24 hours of onset and then a month later. None of the patients received thrombolytic therapy. Thirty normal volunteers of matched age and sex were included in the control group. RESULTS The serum level of MMP-9 at stroke onset was independently positively correlated with stroke outcome. The serum level of MMP-9 30 days after stroke onset was positively correlated with initial stroke severity and outcome, as well as with clinical recovery. CONCLUSION Higher serum level of MMP-9 at stroke onset can be a predictor of poor stroke outcome. However, beyond the acute stage, MMP-9 may play beneficial role in stroke recovery.
Collapse
|
19
|
Rodríguez-Arias M, Montagud-Romero S, Rubio-Araiz A, Aguilar MA, Martín-García E, Cabrera R, Maldonado R, Porcu F, Colado MI, Miñarro J. Effects of repeated social defeat on adolescent mice on cocaine-induced CPP and self-administration in adulthood: integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Addict Biol 2017; 22:129-141. [PMID: 26374627 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Social stress in adulthood enhances cocaine self-administration, an effect that has been related with an increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. A detrimental effect of cocaine on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity has also been reported. This study evaluates the effects of repeated social defeat (RSD) during adolescence on the reinforcing and motivational effects of cocaine in adult mice and the changes induced by RSD on BBB permeability. Cocaine self-administration, conditioned place preference and quantitative analysis of claudin-5, laminin, collagen-IV and IgG immunoreactivity took place 3 weeks after RSD. Mice socially defeated during adolescence developed conditioned place preference and exhibited reinstated preference with a non-effective dose of cocaine (1 mg/kg). RSD mice needed significantly more sessions than control animals for the preference induced by 25 mg/kg of cocaine to be extinguished. However, acquisition of cocaine self-administration (0.5 mg/kg per injection) was delayed in the RSD group. Mice exposed to RSD displayed significant changes in BBB structure in adulthood, with a marked reduction in expression of the tight junction protein claudin-5 and an increase in basal laminin degradation (reflected by a decrease in laminin and collagen-IV expression) in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. The detrimental effect induced by cocaine (25 mg/kg) on collagen-IV expression in the hippocampus was more pronounced in RSD mice. In summary, our findings suggest that stress and cocaine can increase the long-term vulnerability of the brain to subsequent environmental insults as a consequence of a sustained disruption of the BBB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología; Universitat de València; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - Sandra Montagud-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología; Universitat de València; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - Ana Rubio-Araiz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - María A. Aguilar
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología; Universitat de València; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - Roberto Cabrera
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - Francesca Porcu
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - María Isabel Colado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología; Universitat de València; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Caimi G, Ferrara F, Montana M, Muratori I, Amato C, Canino B, Lo Presti R, Hopps E. Behaviour of the plasma concentration of gelatinases and their tissue inhibitors in subjects with venous leg ulcers. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 60:309-16. [PMID: 25159491 DOI: 10.3233/ch-141863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Venous leg ulcers are common in subjects with chronic venous insufficiency. The increased intraluminal pressure causes alteration of the skin microcirculation, leukocyte activation and release of proteolytic enzymes leading to ulceration. An impaired expression and activity of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) might influence extracellular matrix degradation and deposition in chronic venous ulcers with the failure of the healing process. Our aim was to evaluate plasma concentration of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and their inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in subjects with venous leg ulcers before and after the compression therapy. We enrolled 36 subjects (12 men and 24 women, mean age 67.38 ± 12.7 yrs) with non-infected venous leg ulcers (CEAP C6), which underwent a color Duplex scan examination of the veins and arteries of the inferior limbs and were treated with a multi-layer bandaging system. The ulcer healing was obtained in 23 subjects only (9 men and 14 women). We evaluated, on fasting venous blood, the plasma levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 using ELISA kit, before and after the treatment. We observed a significant increase in plasma concentration of gelatinases and their inhibitors and in MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio in subjects with leg ulcers in comparison with normal controls. In subjects with healed ulcers we found a decrease in MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels and in MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio compared to the baseline values, although higher levels of all the examined parameters in comparison with normal controls. In conclusion, plasma MMPs profile is impaired in subjects with venous leg ulcers and it improves after the healing, persisting anyway altered in respect to healthy controls.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hong JH, Lee H, Lee SR. Protective effect of resveratrol against neuronal damage following transient global cerebral ischemia in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 27:146-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
22
|
Detrimental role of the EP1 prostanoid receptor in blood-brain barrier damage following experimental ischemic stroke. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17956. [PMID: 26648273 PMCID: PMC4673693 DOI: 10.1038/srep17956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is activated in response to ischemia and significantly contributes to the neuroinflammatory process. Accumulation of COX-2-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) parallels the substantial increase in stroke-mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. Disruption of the BBB is a serious consequence of ischemic stroke, and is mainly mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This study aimed to investigate the role of PGE2 EP1 receptor in neurovascular injury in stroke. We hypothesized that pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of EP1 protects against BBB damage and hemorrhagic transformation by decreasing the levels and activity of MMP-3 and MMP-9. We found that post-ischemic treatment with the EP1 antagonist, SC-51089, or EP1 genetic deletion results in a significant reduction in BBB disruption and reduced hemorrhagic transformation in an experimental model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. These neurovascular protective effects of EP1 inactivation are associated with a significant reduction in MMP-9/-3, less peripheral neutrophil infiltration, and a preservation of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) composing the BBB. Our study identifies the EP1 signaling pathway as an important link between neuroinflammation and MMP-mediated BBB breakdown in ischemic stroke. Targeting the EP1 receptor could represent a novel approach to diminish the devastating consequences of stroke-induced neurovascular damage.
Collapse
|
23
|
Arciniegas Ruiz SM, Gutiérrez Olvera L, Bernad Bernad MJ, Caballero Chacón SDC, Vargas Estrada D. Comparative pharmacokinetics of a new oral long-acting formulation of doxycycline hyclate: A canine clinical trial. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 80:9-15. [PMID: 26393684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Doxycicline is used in dogs as treatment of several bacterial infections, mycoplasma, chlamydia and rickettsial diseases. However, it requires long treatments and several doses to be effective. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of four formulations of doxycycline hyclate, administered orally, with different proportions of excipients, acrylic acid-polymethacrylate-based matrices, to obtain longer therapeutic levels than conventional formulation. Forty-eight dogs were randomly assigned in five groups to receive a single oral dose (20mg/kg) of doxycycline hyclate without excipients (control) or a long-acting formulation containing doxycycline, acrylic acid polymer, and polymethacrylate in one of the following four proportions: DOX1(1:0.25:0.0035), DOX2(1:0.5:0.0075), DOX3 (1:1:0.015), or DOX4(1:2:0.0225). Temporal profiles of serum concentrations were obtained at several intervals after each treatment. Therapeutic concentrations were observed for 60h for DOX1 and DOX4, 48h for DOX2 and DOX3 and only 24h for DOX-C. None of the pharmacokinetic parameter differed significantly between DOX1 and DOX2 or between DOX3 and DOX4; however, the findings for the control treatment were significantly different compared to all four long-acting formulations. Results indicated that DOX1 had the most adequate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships for a time-dependent drug and had longer release times than did doxycycline alone. However, all four formulations can be effective depend on the minimum effective serum doxycycline concentration of the microorganism being treated. These results suggest that the use of any of these formulations can reduce the frequency of administration, the patient's stress, occurrence of adverse effects and the cost of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Melisa Arciniegas Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Lilia Gutiérrez Olvera
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - María Josefa Bernad Bernad
- Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Sara Del Carmen Caballero Chacón
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Dinorah Vargas Estrada
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ruiz SMA, Olvera LG, Chacón SDCC, Estrada DV. Pharmacokinetics of an oral extended-release formulation of doxycycline hyclate containing acrylic acid and polymethacrylate in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2015; 76:367-72. [PMID: 25815578 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.76.4.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline hyclate administered orally in the form of experimental formulations with different proportions of acrylic acid-polymethacrylate-based matrices. ANIMALS 30 healthy adult dogs. PROCEDURES In a crossover study, dogs were randomly assigned (in groups of 10) to receive a single oral dose (20 mg/kg) of doxycycline hyclate without excipients (control) or extended-release formulations (ERFs) containing doxycycline, acrylic acid polymer, and polymethacrylate in the following proportions: 1:0.5:0.0075 (ERF1) or 1:1:0.015 (ERF2). Serum concentrations of doxycycline were determined for pharmacokinetic analysis before and at several intervals after each treatment. RESULTS Following oral administration to the study dogs, each ERF resulted in therapeutic serum doxycycline concentrations for 48 hours, whereas the control treatment resulted in therapeutic serum doxycycline concentrations for only 24 hours. All pharmacokinetic parameters for ERF1 and ERF2 were significantly different; however, findings for ERF1 did not differ significantly from those for the control treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that both ERFs containing doxycycline, acrylic acid polymer, and polymethacrylate had an adequate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship for a time-dependent drug and a longer release time than doxycycline alone following oral administration in dogs. Given the minimum effective serum doxycycline concentration of 0.26 μg/mL, a dose interval of 48 hours can be achieved for each tested ERF. This minimum inhibitory concentration has the potential to be effective against several susceptible bacteria involved in important infections in dogs. Treatment of dogs with either ERF may have several benefits over treatment with doxycycline alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Melisa Arciniegas Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Delegación Coyoacán, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Agbedanu PN, Anderson KL, Brewer MT, Carlson SA. Doxycycline as an inhibitor of p-glycoprotein in the alpaca for the purpose of maintaining avermectins in the CNS during treatment for parelaphostrongylosis. Vet Parasitol 2015; 212:303-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
26
|
Ji J, Yan H, Chen ZZ, Zhao Z, Yang DD, Sun XL, Shi YP. Iptakalim protects against ischemic injury by improving neurovascular unit function in the mouse brain. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:766-71. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ji
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Zheng-Zhen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Zhan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Dan-Dan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mazumder MK, Bhattacharya P, Borah A. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 by Piroxicam confer neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia: An in silico evaluation of the hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:697-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
28
|
Is there new hope for therapeutic matrix metalloproteinase inhibition? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014; 13:904-27. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
29
|
Wei H, Wang S, Zhen L, Yang Q, Wu Z, Lei X, Lv J, Xiong L, Xue R. Resveratrol attenuates the blood-brain barrier dysfunction by regulation of the MMP-9/TIMP-1 balance after cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:872-9. [PMID: 25330860 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The collapse of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the fundamental pathophysiology changes during cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Resveratrol has been recently reported to reduce cerebral ischemic damage by regulating the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). But, more direct evidence for the explanation of the BBB protected by resveratrol against cerebral ischemia reperfusion is still lacking. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the regulation of BBB integrity by resveratrol after cerebral ischemia reperfusion and to determine the role of the MMP-9 and its endogenous inhibitor TIMP-1 balance in this process. Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. The BBB function was evaluated by brain water content and the Evans blue dye extravasation; the activities of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were detected by using gelatin zymography analysis, and cellular apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining. We confirmed that resveratrol reduced the cerebral ischemia reperfusion damage, brain edema, and Evans blue dye extravasation. Moreover, we found that resveratrol improved the balance of MMP-9/TIMP-1 in terms of their expressions and activities. A TIMP-1 neutralizing antibody reversed those neuroprotective effects of resveratrol. In conclusion, resveratrol attenuated the cerebral ischemia by maintaining the integrity of BBB via regulation of MMP-9 and TIMP-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee JY, Lee HE, Kang SR, Choi HY, Ryu JH, Yune TY. Fluoxetine inhibits transient global ischemia-induced hippocampal neuronal death and memory impairment by preventing blood–brain barrier disruption. Neuropharmacology 2014; 79:161-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
31
|
Current preclinical studies on neuroinflammation and changes in blood-brain barrier integrity by MDMA and methamphetamine. Neuropharmacology 2014; 87:125-34. [PMID: 24594477 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential in the maintenance of brain homeostasis both by preserving normal brain functioning and also by protecting the brain from exposure to a range of potentially harmful substances. This review presents some of the evidence of BBB disruption following exposure to the substituted amphetamines 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') and methamphetamine (METH), two drugs of abuse which are widely consumed recreationally by younger sectors of the population. Both MDMA and METH have been shown to produce disruption of the BBB as reflected by IgG extravasation and Evans Blue leakage. In particular, METH decreases the expression of basal lamina proteins associated with an increase in matrix metalloproteinase activity. These changes in BBB integrity appear to be related to MDMA-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) JNK1/2. The consequences of the disruption in the BBB by these two drugs remain to be established, but there is evidence in the literature that, at least in the case of METH, increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity may be related to increased behavioural sensitization and reward perhaps because of the modification of the passage of the drug into the CNS. In addition, the high incidence of AIDS-related neurologic disease in METH users may also be related to increased entry into the brain of virally derived neurotoxic products. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'CNS Stimulants'.
Collapse
|
32
|
Kurzepa J, Kurzepa J, Golab P, Czerska S, Bielewicz J. The significance of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in the ischemic stroke. Int J Neurosci 2014; 124:707-16. [PMID: 24304146 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.872102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a continuous urgent need to explore the pathogenesis and biochemical changes within the infarcted area during acute ischemic stroke (IS). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), prevailing extracellular endopeptideses, can digest proteins located extracellulary, e.g. collagen, proteoglycans, elastin or fibronectin. Among MMPs, gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) are the most investigated enzymes. Gelatinases possess the ability to active numerous pro-inflammatory agents as chemokine CXCL-8, interleukin 1β or tumor necrosis factor α. Moreover, due to digestion of collagen type IV (the component of basal membranes) and tight junction proteins (TJPs) they facilitate to cross the endothelium by leukocytes. Due to the significant role of gelatinases during brain ischemia, their selective inhibition seems to be an interesting kind of treatment of acute stroke. The synthetic inhibitors of gelatineses decrease the infarct volume in animal models of IS. In clinical practice statins, the lipid-lowering drugs possess the ability to inhibit the activity of MMP-9 during acute IS. This review briefly provides the most important information about the involvement of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of brain ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kurzepa
- 1Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin , Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
An C, Shi Y, Li P, Hu X, Gan Y, Stetler RA, Leak RK, Gao Y, Sun BL, Zheng P, Chen J. Molecular dialogs between the ischemic brain and the peripheral immune system: dualistic roles in injury and repair. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 115:6-24. [PMID: 24374228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Immune and inflammatory responses actively modulate the pathophysiological processes of acute brain injuries such as stroke. Soon after the onset of stroke, signals such as brain-derived antigens, danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), cytokines, and chemokines are released from the injured brain into the systemic circulation. The injured brain also communicates with peripheral organs through the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. Many of these diverse signals not only activate resident immune cells in the brain, but also trigger robust immune responses in the periphery. Peripheral immune cells then migrate toward the site of injury and release additional cytokines, chemokines, and other molecules, causing further disruptive or protective effects in the ischemic brain. Bidirectional communication between the injured brain and the peripheral immune system is now known to regulate the progression of stroke pathology as well as tissue repair. In the end, this exquisitely coordinated crosstalk helps determine the fate of animals after stroke. This article reviews the literature on ischemic brain-derived signals through which peripheral immune responses are triggered, and the potential impact of these peripheral responses on brain injury and repair. Pharmacological strategies and cell-based therapies that target the dialog between the brain and peripheral immune system show promise as potential novel treatments for stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengrui An
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yejie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Peiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Yu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ruth A Stetler
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bao-Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong (Taishan Medical University), Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China.
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Doxycycline attenuates burn-induced microvascular hyperpermeability. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013; 75:1040-6; discussion 1046. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e3182aa9c79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
35
|
Jiang Y, Wu A, Zhu C, Pi R, Chen S, Liu Y, Ma L, Zhu D, Chen X. The protective effect of berberine against neuronal damage by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-9 and laminin degradation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neurol Res 2013; 35:360-8. [PMID: 23540404 DOI: 10.1179/1743132812y.0000000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the protective effect of berberine against neuronal damage in the brain parenchyma of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS EAE was induced in female C57 BL/6 mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 amino acid peptide. The berberine treatment was initiated on the day of disease onset and administered daily until the mice were sacrificed. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, gelatin gel, and gelatin in situ zymography were analysed in this study. RESULTS Berberine reduced the TUNEL-positive neuronal cells of EAE mice. Gelatin gel and gelatin in situ zymography showed up-regulation of gelatinase activity, which was mainly located in neurons and colocalized with remarkable laminin degradation in EAE mice. Berberine significantly inhibited gelatinase activity and reduced the laminin degradation in EAE mice. DISCUSSION Our data suggest that berberine could provide protection against neuronal damage in EAE by inhibiting gelatinase activity and reducing laminin degradation. These findings provide further support that berberine can be a potential therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sultan S, Gebara E, Toni N. Doxycycline increases neurogenesis and reduces microglia in the adult hippocampus. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:131. [PMID: 23898238 PMCID: PMC3722480 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis results in the continuous formation of new neurons and is a process of brain plasticity involved in learning and memory. Although inducible-reversible transgenic mouse models are increasingly being used to investigate adult neurogenesis, transgene control requires the administration of an activator, doxycycline (Dox), with unknown effects on adult neurogenesis. Here, we tested the effect of Dox administration on adult neurogenesis in vivo. We found that 4 weeks of Dox treatment at doses commonly used for gene expression control, resulted in increased neurogenesis. Furthermore, the dendrites of new neurons displayed increased spine density. Concomitantly, Iba1-expressing microglia was reduced by Dox treatment. These results indicate that Dox treatment may interfere with parameters of relevance for the use of inducible transgenic mice in studies of adult neurogenesis or brain inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Sultan
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Stock ML, Fiedler KJ, Acharya S, Lange JK, Mlynarczyk GSA, Anderson SJ, McCormack GR, Kanuri SH, Kondru NC, Brewer MT, Carlson SA. Antibiotics acting as neuroprotectants via mechanisms independent of their anti-infective activities. Neuropharmacology 2013; 73:174-82. [PMID: 23748053 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review considers available evidence that some antibiotics have ancillary neuroprotective effects. Notably, β-lactam antibiotics are believed to increase the expression of glutamate transporter GLT1, potentially relieving the neurological excitotoxicity that characterizes disorders like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Minocycline has shown promise in reducing the severity of a number of neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis, most likely by reducing apoptosis and the expression of inflammatory mediators in the brain. Rapamycin inhibits the activity of a serine/threonine protein kinase that has a role in the pathogenesis of numerous neurologic diseases. Herein we examine the unique neuroprotective aspects of these drugs originally developed as anti-infective agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Stock
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 2028 VetMed, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mitochondrial impairment induced by 3-nitropropionic acid is enhanced by endogenous metalloprotease activity inhibition in cultured rat striatal neurons. Neurosci Lett 2013; 546:16-20. [PMID: 23643981 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metalloproteases from the metzincin family mediate molecule processing at the cell membrane termed ectodomain shedding (ES). This mechanism enables the generation of intracellular and extracellular fragments from cell membrane molecules that exert additional functions involved in cell processes including cell death, beyond those of full length molecules. Micotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induces striatal neuronal degeneration in vivo and in vitro through mitochondrial complex II inhibition. In this study, we hypothesized that metalloproteases regulate mitochondrial activity in cultured rat striatal neurons undergoing degeneration. To test this idea, striatal neuronal cultures characterized by NeuN and GAD-67 expression were treated with 3-NP together with the metalloprotease inhibitor GM6001 and their mitochondrial activity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Our results showed that metalloprotease inhibition potentiated mitochondrial activity impairment induced by 3-NP whereas the inhibitor alone had no effect. These results indicate that metalloproteases regulate and promote mitochondrial functionality in striatal neurons undergoing degeneration induced by 3-NP. Since NMDA receptor is involved in the excitotoxic neuronal death triggered by 3-NP and is known to undergo ES, we analyzed NMDAR subunit NR1 phenotypic distribution by immunofluorescence. 3-NP and GM6001 induced abnormal perinuclear NR1 accumulation that was not observed with 3-NP or GM6001 alone. This observation suggests that metalloproteases are involved in NR1 cellular reorganization induced by 3-NP, and that their inhibition results in abnormal NR1 distribution. Together results indicate that endogenous metalloproteases are activated during striatal neurodegeneration induced by 3-NP eliciting an adaptative or compensatory response that protects mitochondrial functionality.
Collapse
|
39
|
Lazzarini M, Martin S, Mitkovski M, Vozari RR, Stühmer W, Bel ED. Doxycycline restrains glia and confers neuroprotection in a 6-OHDA Parkinson model. Glia 2013; 61:1084-100. [PMID: 23595698 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuron-glia interactions play a key role in maintaining and regulating the central nervous system. Glial cells are implicated in the function of dopamine neurons and regulate their survival and resistance to injury. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, decreased striatal dopamine levels and consequent onset of extrapyramidal motor dysfunction. Parkinson's disease is a common chronic, neurodegenerative disorder with no effective protective treatment. In the 6-OHDA mouse model of Parkinson's disease, doxycycline administered at a dose that both induces/represses conditional transgene expression in the tetracycline system, mitigates the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta and nerve terminals in the striatum. This protective effect was associated with: (1) a reduction of microglia in normal mice as a result of doxycycline administration per se; (2) a decrease in the astrocyte and microglia response to the neurotoxin 6-OHDA in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra compacta, and (3) the astrocyte reaction in the striatum. Our results suggest that doxycycline blocks 6-OHDA neurotoxicity in vivo by inhibiting microglial and astrocyte expression. This action of doxycycline in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron protection is consistent with a role of glial cells in Parkinson's disease neurodegeneration. The neuroprotective effect of doxycycline may be useful in preventing or slowing the progression of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases linked to glia function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Lazzarini
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Pathology, School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto (FORP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kenny R, Cai G, Bayliss JA, Clarke M, Choo YL, Miller AA, Andrews ZB, Spencer SJ. Endogenous ghrelin's role in hippocampal neuroprotection after global cerebral ischemia: does endogenous ghrelin protect against global stroke? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 304:R980-90. [PMID: 23576609 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00594.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a gastrointestinal hormone with a well-characterized role in feeding and metabolism. Recent evidence suggests that ghrelin may also be neuroprotective after injury in animal models of cerebral ischemia. Thus exogenous ghrelin treatment can improve cell survival, reduce infarct size, and rescue memory deficits in focal ischemia models, doing so by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis. Endogenous ghrelin plays a key a role in a number of physiological processes, including feeding, metabolism, stress, and anxiety. However, no study has examined whether endogenous ghrelin also contributes to neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia. Here, we aimed to determine whether endogenous ghrelin normally protects against neuronal cell death and cognitive impairments after global cerebral ischemia and whether such changes are linked with inflammation or apoptosis. We used a two-vessel occlusion (2VO) model of global cerebral ischemia in wild-type (wt) and ghrelin knockout (ghr-/-) C57/Bl6J mice. ghr-/- mice had improved cell survival in the Cornu Ammonis(CA)-2/3 region of the hippocampus-a region of significant growth hormone secretagogue receptor expression. They also displayed less cellular degeneration than wt mice after the 2VO (Fluoro-Jade) and had less cognitive impairment in the novel object-recognition test. These outcomes were despite evidence of more neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the ghr-/- and less of a postsurgery hypothermia. Finally, we found that mortality in the week following the 2VO was reduced more in ghr-/- mice than in wt. Overall, these experiments point to a neurodegenerative but antiapoptotic effect of endogenous ghrelin in this model of global ischemia, highlighting that further research is essential before we can apply ghrelin treatments to neurodegenerative insults in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kenny
- School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Serra R, Gallelli L, Buffone G, Molinari V, Stillitano DM, Palmieri C, de Franciscis S. Doxycycline speeds up healing of chronic venous ulcers. Int Wound J 2013; 12:179-84. [PMID: 23557025 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Venous ulcers are common, with an overall prevalence of up to 2% in the general population of western countries, and have significant socioeconomic impact. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the alteration of extracellular matrix that could lead to venous ulceration. Sixty-four patients with venous ulcers were recruited in a 22-month period. All patients were subjected to the most appropriate treatment considering also the patient's wishes (compression therapy followed or not by vein surgery). Patients were randomised into two groups of 32 persons in each (groups A and B). Patients of group A in addition to the basic treatment, described above, received the administration of oral low doses of doxycycline 20 mg b.i.d. for 3 months, whereas patients of group B received basic treatment only. Healing was assessed by means of direct ulcer tracing with computerised planimetry. Group A showed a higher healing rate compared with group B. In group B, the lower healing rate was related to higher levels of MMP-9; neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and vascular endothelial growth factor, documented in plasma; wound fluid and biopsies executed and compared between both groups. Pharmacological treatments, as doxycycline administration, which by means of its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions, through the inhibition of MMP, could improve extracellular matrix functioning and represent a possible solution to support wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Serra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology, International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yang F, Zhang X, Sun Y, Wang B, Zhou C, Luo Y, Ge P. Ischemic postconditioning decreases cerebral edema and brain blood barrier disruption caused by relief of carotid stenosis in a rat model of cerebral hypoperfusion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57869. [PMID: 23469092 PMCID: PMC3585273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Complications due to brain edema and breakdown of blood brain barrier are an important factor affecting the treatment effects of patients with severe carotid stenosis. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of ischemic postconditioning on brain edema and disruption of blood brain barrier via establishing rat model of hypoperfusion due to severe carotid stenosis. Methods Wistar rat model of hypoperfusion due to severe carotid stenosis was established by binding a stainless microtube to both carotid arteries. Ischemic postconditioning procedure consisted of three cycles of 30 seconds ischemia and 30 seconds reperfusion. Brain edema was evaluated by measuring cerebral water content, and blood brain barrier permeability was assayed by examining cerebral concentration of Evans' Blue (EB) and fluorescein sodium (NaF). ELISA was used to analyze the expression of MMP-9, claudin-5 and occludin. The activity and location of MMP-9 was analyzed by gelatin zymography and in situ zymography, respectively. The distribution of tight junction proteins claudin-5 and occludin was observed by immunohistochemistry. Results The increased brain water content and cerebral concentration of EB and NaF were suppressed by administration of ischemic postconditioning prior to relief of carotid stenosis. Zymographic studies showed that MMP-9 was mainly located in the cortex and its activity was significantly improved by relief of carotid stenosis and, but the elevated MMP-9 activity was inhibited markedly by ischemic postconditioning. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ischemic postconditioning improved the discontinuous distribution of claudin-5 and occludin. ELISA detected that the expression of up-regulated MMP-9 and down-regulated claudin-5 and occludin caused by carotid relief were all attenuated by ischemic postconditioning. Conclusions Ischemic postconditioning is an effective method to prevent brain edema and improve BBB permeability and could be used during relief of severe carotid stenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuwei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changchun Children Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Boyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuibing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changchun Children Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yinan Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengfei Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Urrutia A, Rubio-Araiz A, Gutierrez-Lopez MD, ElAli A, Hermann DM, O'Shea E, Colado MI. A study on the effect of JNK inhibitor, SP600125, on the disruption of blood-brain barrier induced by methamphetamine. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 50:49-58. [PMID: 23069681 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely consumed drug with high abuse potential. Studies in animals have shown that the drug produces dopaminergic neurotoxicity following both single high-dose and repeated low-dose administration. In addition, METH produces an increase in matrix metalloproteinase expression and loss of BBB integrity. We have examined the effect of repeated low-dose METH on MMP-9/2 expression and activity and laminin expression and the role of MMPs and JNK 1/2 phosphorylation on the changes induced by the drug in BBB integrity. Mice were given METH (4 mg/kg, i.p., three times separated by 3 h) and killed at different times after the last dose. Striatal MMP-9/2 activity was determined by zymography and expression of MMPs, laminin and phosphorylated JNK 1/2 was determined by western blot. BBB integrity was determined by IgG immunoreactivity. SP600125 and BB-94 were used to inhibit JNK and MMPs respectively. METH increased striatal MMP-9 expression and activity, IgG immunoreactivity and p-JNK 1/2 expression and decreased laminin expression. Increased IgG immunoreactivity colocalized with areas of greater MMP-9 activity. JNK inhibition prevented METH-induced changes in MMP-9 activity, laminin degradation and BBB leakage. BB-94 also prevented laminin degradation and BBB leakage. The decrease in BBB integrity induced by METH is mediated by the JNK pathway which activates MMP-9 causing degradation of laminin and BBB leakage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres Urrutia
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Simard JM, Geng Z, Silver FL, Sheth KN, Kimberly WT, Stern BJ, Colucci M, Gerzanich V. Does inhibiting Sur1 complement rt-PA in cerebral ischemia? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1268:95-107. [PMID: 22994227 PMCID: PMC3507518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) associated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) complicates and limits its use in stroke. Here, we provide a focused review on the involvement of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in rt-PA-associated HT in cerebral ischemia, and we review emerging evidence that the selective inhibitor of the sulfonylurea receptor 1 (Sur1), glibenclamide (U.S. adopted name, glyburide), may provide protection against rt-PA-associated HT in cerebral ischemia. Glyburide inhibits activation of MMP-9, ameliorates edema formation, swelling, and symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation, and improves preclinical outcomes in several clinically relevant models of stroke, both without and with rt-PA treatment. A retrospective clinical study comparing outcomes in diabetic patients with stroke treated with rt-PA showed that those who were previously on and were maintained on a sulfonylurea fared significantly better than those whose diabetes was managed without sulfonylureas. Inhibition of Sur1 with injectable glyburide holds promise for ameliorating rt-PA-associated HT in stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Recent clinical and experimental studies have highlighted a complex role for the immune system in the pathophysiological changes that occur after acute stroke. Sensors of the innate immune system such as Toll-like receptors, or effectors such as the lectin pathway of complement activation and innate immune cells, are activated by brain ischaemia and tissue damage, leading to amplification of the inflammatory cascade. Activation of the adaptive arm of the immune system, mediated by lymphocyte populations including T and B cells, regulatory T cells, and γδT cells, in response to stroke can lead to deleterious antigen-specific autoreactive responses but can also have cytoprotective effects. Increased incidence of infections is observed after acute stroke, and might result from activation of long-distance feedback loops between the CNS and peripheral immune organs, which are thought to play a part in stroke-induced immunodepression. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating whether the preventive use of antibiotics improves functional outcome after stroke. This Review discusses the multifaceted role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of acute stroke.
Collapse
|
46
|
Hong JS, Chu YK, Lee H, Ahn BH, Park JH, Kim MJ, Lee S, Ryoo HS, Jang JH, Lee SR, Park JW. Effects of berberine on hippocampal neuronal damage and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity following transient global cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Res 2011; 90:489-97. [PMID: 22052603 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid with a long history of use in Chinese medicine, has several important pharmacological effects. Several studies have revealed that berberine has neuroprotective and neuropsychiatric effects. However, there are few reports regarding the protective effect of berberine against neuronal damage following transient global cerebral ischemia. In this study, mice were subjected to 20 min of global brain ischemia and sacrificed 72 hr later. Berberine was administered for 7 days prior to ischemia and daily until sacrifice. Mice treated with berberine showed reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity. Berberine inhibited gelatinase activity directly in in situ zymography and reduced neuronal damage following global ischemia. Laminin expression and NeuN expression were markedly reduced in CA1 and CA2 areas after ischemia, and berberine reduced the laminin degradation and neuronal loss. In the TUNEL assay, damaged neurons were also apparent in the CA1 and CA2 areas, and berberine reduced TUNEL-positive cells. These data demonstrate that berberine, a plant alkaloid, may protect from hippocampal neuronal damage following transient global ischemia by reducing MMP-9 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Seok Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, and Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Taegu, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hori M, Nakamachi T, Rakwal R, Shibato J, Nakamura K, Wada Y, Tsuchikawa D, Yoshikawa A, Tamaki K, Shioda S. Unraveling the ischemic brain transcriptome in a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model by DNA microarray analysis. Dis Model Mech 2011; 5:270-83. [PMID: 22015461 PMCID: PMC3291648 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.008276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia, also termed cerebral ischemia, is a condition in which there is insufficient blood flow to the brain to meet metabolic demand, leading to tissue death (cerebral infarction) due to poor oxygen supply (cerebral hypoxia). Our group is interested in the protective effects of neuropeptides for alleviating brain ischemia, as well as the underlying mechanisms of their action. The present study was initiated to investigate molecular responses at the level of gene expression in ischemic brain tissue. To achieve this, we used a mouse permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (PMCAO) model in combination with high-throughput DNA microarray analysis on an Agilent microarray platform. Briefly, the right (ipsilateral) and left (contralateral) hemispheres of PMCAO model mice were dissected at two time points, 6 and 24 hours post-ischemia. Total RNA from the ischemic (ipsilateral) hemisphere was subjected to DNA microarray analysis on a mouse whole genome 4x44K DNA chip using a dye-swap approach. Functional categorization using the gene ontology (GO, MGD/AMIGO) of numerous changed genes revealed expression pattern changes in the major categories of cellular process, biological regulation, regulation of biological process, metabolic process and response to stimulus. Reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) analysis on randomly selected highly up- or downregulated genes validated, in general, the microarray data. Using two time points for this analysis, major and minor trends in gene expression and/or functions were observed in relation to early- and late-response genes and differentially regulated genes that were further classified into specific pathways or disease states. We also examined the expression of these genes in the contralateral hemisphere, which suggested the presence of bilateral effects and/or differential regulation. This study provides the first ischemia-related transcriptome analysis of the mouse brain, laying a strong foundation for studies designed to elucidate the mechanisms regulating ischemia and to explore the neuroprotective effects of agents such as target neuropeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motohide Hori
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kładna A, Michalska T, Berczyński P, Kruk I, Aboul-Enein HY. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of tetracycline antibiotics in vitro. LUMINESCENCE 2011; 27:249-55. [PMID: 22887986 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclines are the second most common antibiotic family in medicine usage. These antibiotics exhibit antioxidant potential; however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. The antiradical activity of the seven tetracyclines (TCs; tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxocycline, methacycline, demeclocycline, minocycline) was determined using the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(•)) and hydroxyl radicals (HO(•)) generated in a Fenton reaction. Electron spin resonance (ESR), ESR spin-trapping, chemiluminescence and spectrophotometry techniques were applied. It was found that the TCs showed high DPPH antiradical activity in the range 26-96% at 2.5 mmol/L concentration. The second-order rate constants for the reaction between HO(•) and TCs were calculated, in the range (3.6-9.6) × 10(9) L/mol/s. The tetracycline compounds also exhibited a strong decrease in light emission (range 61-85% at concentration of 1 mmol/L). This study also showed that TCs promote the generation of singlet oxygen in the presence of H(2)O(2) and Fe(II)/Fe(III) ions. Our findings suggest direct scavenging activity of the examined tetracyclines towards free radicals, and may be relevant to therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kładna
- Department of Medical History and Ethics, Pomeranian Medical Academy, ul. Rybacka 1, 70-204, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Czeh M, Gressens P, Kaindl AM. The yin and yang of microglia. Dev Neurosci 2011; 33:199-209. [PMID: 21757877 DOI: 10.1159/000328989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in both physiological and pathological conditions such as the restoration of CNS integrity and the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Extensive data have been published that describe neuroinflammation by microglial activation to have detrimental consequences on the developing and mature brain. On the other hand, a properly directed and limited inflammatory response is known to be a natural healing process after an insult in several other tissues. Thus, it is not surprising that research results illustrating benefits of neuroinflammation have been emerging over the past decade. Inflammation-mediated benefits for CNS outcomes include mechanisms such as neuroprotection, mobilization of neural precursors for repair, remyelination and axonal regeneration. Here, we review data that highlight the dual aspects of microglia with a focus on the developing brain, i.e. as aggressors potentiating damage and as helpers in the recovery process following CNS damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Czeh
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dejonckheere E, Vandenbroucke RE, Libert C. Matrix metalloproteinases as drug targets in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:762-78. [PMID: 21745586 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deficient blood supply (ischemia) is a common consequence of some surgical procedures and certain pathologies. Once blood circulation is re-established (reperfusion), a complex series of events results in recruitment of inflammatory cells, rearrangement of the extracellular matrix and induction of cell death, which lead to organ dysfunction. Although ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important cause of death, there is no effective therapy targeting the molecular mechanism of disease progression. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are important regulators of many cellular activities, have a central role in disease progression after I/R injury, as suggested by numerous studies using MMP inhibitors or MMP-deficient mice. Here, we review the involvement of MMP activity in the various processes following I/R injury and the therapeutic potential of MMP inhibition.
Collapse
|