1
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Bonadio JD, Bashiri G, Halligan P, Kegel M, Ahmed F, Wang K. Delivery technologies for therapeutic targeting of fibronectin in autoimmunity and fibrosis applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 209:115303. [PMID: 38588958 PMCID: PMC11111362 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) contributing to various physiological processes, including tissue repair and immune response regulation. FN regulates various cellular functions such as adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and cytokine release. Alterations in FN expression, deposition, and molecular structure can profoundly impact its interaction with other ECM proteins, growth factors, cells, and associated signaling pathways, thus influencing the progress of diseases such as fibrosis and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, developing therapeutics that directly target FN or its interaction with cells and other ECM components can be an intriguing approach to address autoimmune and fibrosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Bonadio
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ghazal Bashiri
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Patrick Halligan
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael Kegel
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatima Ahmed
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Karin Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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2
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Ren C, Carrillo ND, Cryns VL, Anderson RA, Chen M. Environmental pollutants and phosphoinositide signaling in autoimmunity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133080. [PMID: 38091799 PMCID: PMC10923067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution stands as one of the most critical challenges affecting human health, with an estimated mortality rate linked to pollution-induced non-communicable diseases projected to range from 20% to 25%. These pollutants not only disrupt immune responses but can also trigger immunotoxicity. Phosphoinositide signaling, a pivotal regulator of immune responses, plays a central role in the development of autoimmune diseases and exhibits high sensitivity to environmental stressors. Among these stressors, environmental pollutants have become increasingly prevalent in our society, contributing to the initiation and exacerbation of autoimmune conditions. In this review, we summarize the intricate interplay between phosphoinositide signaling and autoimmune diseases within the context of environmental pollutants and contaminants. We provide an up-to-date overview of stress-induced phosphoinositide signaling, discuss 14 selected examples categorized into three groups of environmental pollutants and their connections to immune diseases, and shed light on the associated phosphoinositide signaling pathways. Through these discussions, this review advances our understanding of how phosphoinositide signaling influences the coordinated immune response to environmental stressors at a biological level. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights into potential research directions and therapeutic targets aimed at mitigating the impact of environmental pollutants on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. SYNOPSIS: Phosphoinositide signaling at the intersection of environmental pollutants and autoimmunity provides novel insights for managing autoimmune diseases aggravated by pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Noah D Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Vincent L Cryns
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Richard A Anderson
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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3
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Fathima A, Bagang N, Kumar N, Dastidar SG, Shenoy S. Role of SIRT1 in Potentially Toxic Trace Elements (Lead, Fluoride, Aluminum and Cadmium) Associated Neurodevelopmental Toxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04116-5. [PMID: 38416341 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The formation of the central nervous system is a meticulously planned and intricate process. Any modification to this process has the potential to disrupt the structure and operation of the brain, which could result in deficiencies in neurological growth. When neurotoxic substances are present during the early stages of development, they can be exceptionally dangerous. Prenatally, the immature brain is extremely vulnerable and is therefore at high risk in pregnant women associated with occupational exposures. Lead, fluoride, aluminum, and cadmium are examples of possibly toxic trace elements that have been identified as an environmental concern in the aetiology of a number of neurological and neurodegenerative illnesses. SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family has received most attention for its potential neuroprotective properties. SIRT1 is an intriguing therapeutic target since it demonstrates important functions to increase neurogenesis and cellular lifespan by modulating multiple pathways. It promotes axonal extension, neurite growth, and dendritic branching during the development of neurons. Additionally, it contributes to neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, memory development, and neuroprotection. This review summarizes the possible role of SIRT1 signalling pathway in potentially toxic trace elements -induced neurodevelopmental toxicity, highlighting some molecular pathways such as mitochondrial biogenesis, CREB/BDNF and PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Fathima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Newly Bagang
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Industrial area Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Somasish Ghosh Dastidar
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Smita Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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4
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Boueid MJ, El-Hage O, Schumacher M, Degerny C, Tawk M. Zebrafish as an emerging model to study estrogen receptors in neural development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1240018. [PMID: 37664862 PMCID: PMC10469878 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1240018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens induce several regulatory signals in the nervous system that are mainly mediated through estrogen receptors (ERs). ERs are largely expressed in the nervous system, yet the importance of ERs to neural development has only been elucidated over the last decades. Accumulating evidence shows a fundamental role for estrogens in the development of the central and peripheral nervous systems, hence, the contribution of ERs to neural function is now a growing area of research. The conservation of the structure of the ERs and their response to estrogens make the zebrafish an interesting model to dissect the role of estrogens in the nervous system. In this review, we highlight major findings of ER signaling in embryonic zebrafish neural development and compare the similarities and differences to research in rodents. We also discuss how the recent generation of zebrafish ER mutants, coupled with the availability of several transgenic reporter lines, its amenability to pharmacological studies and in vivo live imaging, could help us explore ER function in embryonic neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcel Tawk
- *Correspondence: Cindy Degerny, ; Marcel Tawk,
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5
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Meyer CE, Smith AW, Padilla-Requerey AA, Farkhondeh V, Itoh N, Itoh Y, Gao JL, Herbig PD, Nguyen Q, Ngo KH, Oberoi MR, Siddarth P, Voskuhl RR, MacKenzie-Graham A. Neuroprotection in Cerebral Cortex Induced by the Pregnancy Hormone Estriol. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100189. [PMID: 37245852 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), demyelination occurs in the cerebral cortex, and cerebral cortex atrophy correlates with clinical disabilities. Treatments are needed in MS to induce remyelination. Pregnancy is protective in MS. Estriol is made by the fetoplacental unit, and maternal serum estriol levels temporally align with fetal myelination. Here, we determined the effect of estriol treatment on the cerebral cortex in the preclinical model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Estriol treatment initiated after disease onset decreased cerebral cortex atrophy. Neuropathology of the cerebral cortex showed increased cholesterol synthesis proteins in oligodendrocytes, more newly formed remyelinating oligodendrocytes, and increased myelin in estriol-treated EAE mice. Estriol treatment also decreased the loss of cortical layer V pyramidal neurons and their apical dendrites and preserved synapses. Together, estriol treatment after EAE onset reduced atrophy and was neuroprotective in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew W Smith
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aitana A Padilla-Requerey
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vista Farkhondeh
- UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Noriko Itoh
- UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yuichiro Itoh
- UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Josephine L Gao
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patrick D Herbig
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Quynhanh Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katelyn H Ngo
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mandavi R Oberoi
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rhonda R Voskuhl
- UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Allan MacKenzie-Graham
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California.
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6
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Chhabra S, Mehan S. Matrine exerts its neuroprotective effects by modulating multiple neuronal pathways. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1471-1499. [PMID: 37103719 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that misfolding, clumping, and accumulation of proteins in the brain may be common causes and pathogenic mechanism for several neurological illnesses. This causes neuronal structural deterioration and disruption of neural circuits. Research from various fields supports this idea, indicating that developing a single treatment for several severe conditions might be possible. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants play an essential part in maintaining the brain's chemical equilibrium by affecting the proximity of neurons. Matrine is a tetracyclo-quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the plant Sophora flavescens Aiton. Matrine has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and various other neurological disorders. Numerous studies have demonstrated that matrine protects neurons by altering multiple signalling pathways and crossing the blood-brain barrier. As a result, matrine may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of a variety of neurocomplications. This work aims to serve as a foundation for future clinical research by reviewing the current state of matrine as a neuroprotective agent and its potential therapeutic application in treating neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Future research will answer many concerns and lead to fascinating discoveries that could impact other aspects of matrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swesha Chhabra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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Devanand M, V N S, Madhu K. Signaling mechanisms involved in the regulation of remyelination in multiple sclerosis: a mini review. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023:10.1007/s00109-023-02312-9. [PMID: 37084092 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the CNS that causes progressive disabilities, owing to CNS axon degeneration as a late result of demyelination. In the search for the prevention of axonal loss, mitigating inflammatory attacks in the CNS and myelin restoration are two possible approaches. As a result, therapies that target diverse signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection and remyelination have the potential to overcome the challenges in the development of multiple sclerosis treatments. LINGO1 (Leucine rich repeat and Immunoglobulin domain containing, Nogo receptor- interaction protein), AKT/PIP3/mTOR, Notch, Wnt, RXR (Retinoid X receptor gamma), and Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) signaling pathways are highlighted in this section. This article reviews the present knowledge regarding numerous signaling pathways and their functions in regulating remyelination in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. These pathways are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midhuna Devanand
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Saiprabha V N
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
| | - Krishnadas Madhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
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8
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Kumar S, Mehan S, Narula AS. Therapeutic modulation of JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPAR-γ signaling in neurological dysfunctions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:9-49. [PMID: 36478124 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine-activated Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) cascade is a pleiotropic pathway that involves receptor subunit multimerization. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a ubiquitously expressed serine-threonine kinase that perceives and integrates a variety of intracellular and environmental stimuli to regulate essential activities such as cell development and metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a prototypical metabolic nuclear receptor involved in neural differentiation and axon polarity. The JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPARγ signaling pathways serve as a highly conserved signaling hub that coordinates neuronal activity and brain development. Additionally, overactivation of JAK/STAT, mTOR, and inhibition of PPARγ signaling have been linked to various neurocomplications, including neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Emerging research suggests that even minor disruptions in these cellular and molecular processes can have significant consequences manifested as neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Of interest, target modulators have been proven to alleviate neuronal complications associated with acute and chronic neurological deficits. This research-based review explores the therapeutic role of JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPARγ signaling modulators in preventing neuronal dysfunctions in preclinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, Moga, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, Moga, India.
| | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
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9
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Hormonal Agents for the Treatment of Depression Associated with the Menopause. Drugs Aging 2022; 39:607-618. [PMID: 35908135 PMCID: PMC9355926 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-022-00962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Perimenopause marks the transition from a woman’s reproductive stage to menopause. Usually occurring between 42 and 52 years of age, it is determined clinically by the onset of irregular menstrual cycles or variable cycle lengths. Women are at an increased risk of depression and anxiety during perimenopause and the menopausal transition. Depressive symptoms experienced in perimenopause are often more severe compared to pre- and post-menopause. During menopausal transition, the impact of fluctuating estrogen in the central nervous system (CNS) can have negative psychological effects for some women. Traditional first-line management of menopausal depression involves antidepressants, with modest outcomes. The positive effects of estrogen treatment in the CNS are becoming increasingly recognised, and hormonal therapy (HT) with estrogen may have a role in the treatment of menopausal depression. In this review we will outline the prevalence, impact and neurochemical basis of menopausal-associated depression, as well as hormone-based approaches that have increasing promise as effective treatments.
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10
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Zorrilla Veloz RI, McKenzie T, Palacios BE, Hu J. Nuclear hormone receptors in demyelinating diseases. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13171. [PMID: 35734821 PMCID: PMC9339486 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Demyelination results from the pathological loss of myelin and is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the prevalence of demyelinating diseases, there are no disease modifying therapies that prevent the loss of myelin or promote remyelination. This review aims to summarize studies in the field that highlight the importance of nuclear hormone receptors in the promotion and maintenance of myelination and the relevance of nuclear hormone receptors as potential therapeutic targets for demyelinating diseases. These nuclear hormone receptors include the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, vitamin D receptor, thyroid hormone receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, liver X receptor, and retinoid X receptor. Pre-clinical studies in well-established animal models of demyelination have shown a prominent role of these nuclear hormone receptors in myelination through their promotion of oligodendrocyte maturation and development. The activation of the nuclear hormone receptors by their ligands also promotes the synthesis of myelin proteins and lipids in mouse models of demyelination. There are limited clinical studies that focus on how the activation of these nuclear hormone receptors could alleviate demyelination in patients with diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the completed clinical trials have reported improved clinical outcome in MS patients treated with the ligands of some of these nuclear hormone receptors. Together, the positive results from both clinical and pre-clinical studies point to nuclear hormone receptors as promising therapeutic targets to counter demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío I Zorrilla Veloz
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Takese McKenzie
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bridgitte E Palacios
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Lee A, Kwon OW, Jung KR, Song GJ, Yang HJ. The effects of Korean Red Ginseng-derived components on oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Distinct facilitatory roles of the non-saponin and saponin fractions, and Rb1, in proliferation, differentiation and myelination. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:104-114. [PMID: 35035243 PMCID: PMC8753459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormalities of myelin, which increases the efficiency of action potential conduction, are found in neurological disorders. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) demonstrates therapeutic efficacy against some of these conditions, however effects on oligodendrocyte (OL)s are not well known. Here, we examined the effects of KRG-derived components on development and protection of OL-lineage cells. Methods Primary OL precursor cell (OPC) cultures were prepared from neonatal mouse cortex. The protective efficacies of the KRG components were examined against inhibitors of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity. For in vivo function of Rb1 on myelination, after 10 days of oral gavage into adult male mice, forebrains were collected. OPC proliferation were assessed by BrdU incorporation, and differentiation and myelination were examined by qPCR, western blot and immunocytochemistry. Results The non-saponin promoted OPC proliferation, while the saponin promoted differentiation. Both processes were mediated by AKT and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. KRG extract, the saponin and non-saponin protected OPCs against oxidative stress, and both KRG extract and the saponin significantly increased the expression of the antioxidant enzyme. Among 11 major ginsenosides tested, Rb1 significantly increased OL membrane size in vitro. Moreover, Rb1 significantly increased myelin formation in adult mouse brain. Conclusion All KRG components prevented OPC deaths under oxidative stress. While non-saponin promoted proliferation, saponin fraction increased differentiation and OL membrane size. Furthermore, among all the tested ginsenosides, Rb1 showed the biggest increase in the membrane size and significantly enhanced myelination in vivo. These results imply therapeutic potentials of KRG and Rb1 for myelin-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahreum Lee
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Wook Kwon
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwi Ryun Jung
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Yang
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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12
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Koszegi Z, Cheong RY. Targeting the non-classical estrogen pathway in neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:999236. [PMID: 36187099 PMCID: PMC9521328 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.999236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens can alter the biology of various tissues and organs, including the brain, and thus play an essential role in modulating homeostasis. Despite its traditional role in reproduction, it is now accepted that estrogen and its analogues can exert neuroprotective effects. Several studies have shown the beneficial effects of estrogen in ameliorating and delaying the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and various forms of brain injury disorders. While the classical effects of estrogen through intracellular receptors are more established, the impact of the non-classical pathway through receptors located at the plasma membrane as well as the rapid stimulation of intracellular signaling cascades are still under active research. Moreover, it has been suggested that the non-classical estrogen pathway plays a crucial role in neuroprotection in various brain areas. In this mini-review, we will discuss the use of compounds targeting the non-classical estrogen pathway in their potential use as treatment in neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Y. Cheong
- Timeline Bioresearch AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Rachel Y. Cheong,
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Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models for Studying Sex-Specific Differences in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1387:57-88. [PMID: 34921676 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is steadily increasing worldwide, and epidemiological studies strongly suggest that many of the diseases are sex-biased. It has long been suggested that biological sex differences are crucial for neurodegenerative diseases; however, how biological sex affects disease initiation, progression, and severity is not well-understood. Sex is a critical biological variable that should be taken into account in basic research, and this review aims to highlight the utility of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived models for studying sex-specific differences in neurodegenerative diseases, with advantages and limitations. In vitro systems utilizing species-specific, renewable, and physiologically relevant cell sources can provide powerful platforms for mechanistic studies, toxicity testings, and drug discovery. Matched healthy, patient-derived, and gene-corrected human iPSCs, from both sexes, can be utilized to generate neuronal and glial cell types affected by specific neurodegenerative diseases to study sex-specific differences in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) human culture systems. Such relatively simple and well-controlled systems can significantly contribute to the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying sex-specific differences, which can yield effective, and potentially sex-based strategies, against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Genistein Regulates Lipid Metabolism via Estrogen Receptor β and Its Downstream Signal Akt/mTOR in HepG2 Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114015. [PMID: 34836271 PMCID: PMC8622023 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein (GEN) has been shown to significantly inhibit hepatic triglyceride accretion triggered by estrogen deficiency. The main purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism induced by GEN. Different doses of GEN or GEN with an ERβ antagonist were treated with HepG2 cells. Results showed that 25 μM GEN significantly diminished triglyceride levels. Meanwhile, GEN downregulated the levels of genes and proteins involved in lipogenesis, such as sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), and upregulated the gene and protein levels of the regulation factors responsible for fatty acid β-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (CPT-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Furthermore, 25 μM GEN reduced the levels of phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Moreover, most of these effects from GEN were reverted by pretreatment with the antagonist of ERβ. In conclusion, GEN improved hepatic lipid metabolism by activating ERβ and further modulation of Akt/mTOR signals. The results provide novel aspects of the regulatory mechanism of ERβ on hepatic lipid metabolism and might help to profoundly understand the functions of food-derived phytoestrogens in preventing and treating hepatic steatosis in postmenopausal women.
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Zheng M, Liu Z, Mana L, Qin G, Huang S, Gong Z, Tian M, He Y, Wang P. Shenzhiling oral liquid protects the myelin sheath against Alzheimer's disease through the PI3K/Akt-mTOR pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114264. [PMID: 34082015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shenzhiling oral liquid (SZL), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound, is firstly approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). SZL is composed of ten Chinese herbs, and the precise therapy mechanism of its action to AD is far from fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to observe whether SZL is an effective therapy for amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced myelin sheath and oligodendrocytes impairments. Notably, the primary aim was to elucidate whether and through what underlying mechanism SZL protects the myelin sheath through the PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in Aβ42-induced OLN-93 oligodendrocytes in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS APP/PS1 mice were treated with SZL or donepezil continuously for three months, and Aβ42-induced oligodendrocyte OLN-93 cells mimicking AD pathogenesis of myelin sheath impairments were incubated with SZL-containing serum or with donepezil. LC-MS/MS was used to analysis the active components of SZL and SZL-containing serum. The Y maze test was administered after 3 months of treatment, and the hippocampal tissues of the APP/PS1 mice were then harvested for observation of myelin sheath and oligodendrocyte morphology. Cell viability and toxicity were assessed using CCK-8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, and flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis. The expression of the myelin proteins MBP, PLP, and MAG and that of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in the hippocampi of APP/PS1 mice were examined after SZL treatment. Simultaneously, the expression of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR, and mTOR were also examined. The expression of proteins, including CNPase, Olig2, NKX2.2, MBP, PLP, MAG, MOG, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR, and mTOR, was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blot, and the corresponding gene expression was evaluated by qPCR in Aβ42-induced OLN-93 oligodendrocytes. RESULTS LC-MS/MS detected a total of 126 active compounds in SZL-containing serum, including terpenoids, flavones, phenols, phenylpropanoids and phenolic acids. SZL treatment significantly improved memory and cognition in APP/PS1 mice and decreased the G-ratio of myelin sheath, alleviated myelin sheath and oligodendrocyte impairments by decreasing Aβ42 and Aβ40 accumulation and increasing the expression of myelin proteins MBP, PLP, MAG, and PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway associated protein in the hippocampi of APP/PS1 mice. SZL-containing serum also significantly reversed the OLN-93 cell injury induced by Aβ42 by increasing cell viability and enhanced the expression of MBP, PLP, MAG, and MOG. Meanwhile, SZL-containing serum facilitated the maturation and differentiation of oligodendrocytes in Aβ42-induced OLN-93 cells by heightening the expression of CNPase, Olig2 and NKX2.2. SZL-containing serum treatment also fostered the expression of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR, and mTOR, indicating an activating PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in OLN-93 cells. Furthermore, the effects of SZL on myelin proteins, p-Akt, and p-mTOR were clearly inhibited by LY294002 and/or rapamycin, antagonists of PI3K and m-TOR, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that SZL exhibits a neuroprotective effect on the myelin sheath by promoting the expression of myelin proteins during AD, and its mechanism of action is closely related to the activation of the PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, 100700, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Zhenhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, 100700, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lulu Mana
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, 100700, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Gaofeng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, 100700, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Shuaiyang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, 100700, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Zhuoyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, 100700, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Meijing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, 100700, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yannan He
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, 100700, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Pengwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, 100700, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Zeinali H, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M. Diosgenin ameliorates cellular and molecular changes in multiple sclerosis in C57BL/6 mice. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 55:103211. [PMID: 34425463 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is especially known as a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Current treatments for MS are mostly based on controlling neuroinflammation and there are no treatments to promote the remyelination process at present. Diosgenin is a known herbal anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, which has also been shown to stimulate the growth of myelin in vitro. However, there is no or little evidence about diosgenin effects; specially on myelination, neuroprotection and its corresponding mechanisms in vivo in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as the most valid experimental model of MS. In this study, the therapeutic effect of diosgenin on clinical signs of EAE, and the corresponding cellular and molecular mechanisms have been examined with emphasis on myelination and neuroprotection mechanisms. EAE was induced using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antigen in C57BL/6 mice. Diosgenin was gavaged (100 mg/kg) daily with the onset of paralysis signs (half tail paralysis) until the 18th post-immunization day in the treatment group. Blood and spinal cord tissue sampling was performed on post-immunization day 18. Lumbar spinal cord inflammation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration were assessed using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E), Luxol Fast Blue (LFB), and Bielschowsky's silver staining methods, respectively. Serum and spinal cord tissue level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and tissue levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) as inflammatory markers, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A (MAP1LC3A), and activity dependent neuroprotector homeobox (ADNP) as neuroprotective markers were assayed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The clinical score of EAE in the diosgenin treatment group was significantly reduced compared to the EAE group on days 15 to 18 after induction of the EAE (p < 0.001). Inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss scores also decreased significantly in the diosgenin treatment group compared to the EAE group (p < 0.05). Serum and spinal cord tissue level of TNFα and tissue level of MMP-9 considerably decreased in the diosgenin treatment group in comparison with the EAE group (p < 0.01). Diosgenin treatment had no significant effects on the tissue levels of IL-17, ADNP and MAP1LC3A. Therefore, diosgenin improved the clinical signs of EAE through lowering neuroinflammation, demyelination and axonal degeneration, but did not significantly affect the neuroprotective factors in this study. As a result, diosgenin could be a good candidate for new MS treatment strategies that, in addition to their anti-inflammatory effects, also enhance myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Zeinali
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
| | | | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Yang H, Ni W, Wei P, Li S, Gao X, Su J, Jiang H, Lei Y, Zhou L, Gu Y. HDAC inhibition reduces white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:958-974. [PMID: 32703113 PMCID: PMC8054714 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20942613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been shown to reduce inflammation and white matter damage after various forms of brain injury via modulation of microglia/macrophage polarization. Previously we showed that the HDAC inhibitor scriptaid could attenuate white matter injury (WMI) after ICH. To access whether modulation of microglia/macrophage polarization might underlie this protection, we investigated the modulatory role of HDAC2 in microglia/macrophage polarization in response to WMI induced by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and in primary microglia and oligodendrocyte co-cultures. HDAC2 activity was inhibited via conditional knockout of the Hdac2 gene in microglia or via administration of scriptaid. Conditional knockout of the Hdac2 gene in microglia and HDAC inhibition with scriptaid both improved neurological functional recovery and reduced WMI after ICH. Additionally, HDAC inhibition shifted microglia/macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion after ICH in vivo. In vitro, a transwell co-culture model of microglia and oligodendrocytes also demonstrated that the HDAC inhibitor protected oligodendrocytes by modulating microglia polarization and mitigating neuroinflammation. Moreover, we found that scriptaid decreased the expression of pJAK2 and pSTAT1 in cultured microglia when stimulated with hemoglobin. Thus, HDAC inhibition ameliorated ICH-mediated neuroinflammation and WMI by modulating microglia/macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengju Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sicheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjie Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabin Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanqiang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Dash R, Mitra S, Ali MC, Oktaviani DF, Hannan MA, Choi SM, Moon IS. Phytosterols: Targeting Neuroinflammation in Neurodegeneration. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:383-401. [PMID: 32600224 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200628022812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived sterols, phytosterols, are well known for their cholesterol-lowering activity in serum and their anti-inflammatory activities. Recently, phytosterols have received considerable attention due to their beneficial effects on various non-communicable diseases, and recommended use as daily dietary components. The signaling pathways mediated in the brain by phytosterols have been evaluated, but little is known about their effects on neuroinflammation, and no clinical studies have been undertaken on phytosterols of interest. In this review, we discuss the beneficial roles of phytosterols, including their attenuating effects on inflammation, blood cholesterol levels, and hallmarks of the disease, and their regulatory effects on neuroinflammatory disease pathways. Despite recent advancements made in phytosterol pharmacology, some critical questions remain unanswered. Therefore, we have tried to highlight the potential of phytosterols as viable therapeutics against neuroinflammation and to direct future research with respect to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Sarmistha Mitra
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Plasma Bio-display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul-01897, Korea
| | - Md Chayan Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh
| | - Diyah Fatimah Oktaviani
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Md Abdul Hannan
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Sung Min Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-38066, Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
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Ito M, Muramatsu R, Kato Y, Sharma B, Uyeda A, Tanabe S, Fujimura H, Kidoya H, Takakura N, Kawahara Y, Takao M, Mochizuki H, Fukamizu A, Yamashita T. Age-dependent decline in remyelination capacity is mediated by apelin–APJ signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 1:284-294. [PMID: 37118408 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related regeneration failure in the central nervous system can occur as a result of a decline in remyelination efficacy. The responsiveness of myelin-forming cells to signals for remyelination is affected by aging-related epigenetic modification; however, the molecular mechanism is not fully clarified. In the present study, we report that the apelin receptor (APJ) mediates remyelination efficiency with age. APJ expression in myelin-forming cells is correlated with age-associated changes in remyelination efficiency, and the activation of APJ promotes remyelination through the translocation of myelin regulatory factor. APJ signaling activation promoted remyelination in both aged mice with toxin-induced demyelination and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In human cells, APJ activation enhanced the expression of remyelination markers. Impaired oligodendrocyte function in aged animals can be reversibly reactivated; thus, the results demonstrate that dysfunction of the apelin-APJ system mediates remyelination failure in aged animals, and that their myelinating function can be reactivated by APJ activation.
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20
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Bustamante-Barrientos FA, Méndez-Ruette M, Ortloff A, Luz-Crawford P, Rivera FJ, Figueroa CD, Molina L, Bátiz LF. The Impact of Estrogen and Estrogen-Like Molecules in Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration: Beneficial or Harmful? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:636176. [PMID: 33762910 PMCID: PMC7984366 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.636176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens and estrogen-like molecules can modify the biology of several cell types. Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) belong to the so-called classical family of estrogen receptors, while the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) represents a non-classical estrogen receptor mainly located in the plasma membrane. As estrogen receptors are ubiquitously distributed, they can modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in several tissues and organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). Estrogens can exert neuroprotective roles by acting as anti-oxidants, promoting DNA repair, inducing the expression of growth factors, and modulating cerebral blood flow. Additionally, estrogen-dependent signaling pathways are involved in regulating the balance between proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), thus influencing neurogenic processes. Since several estrogen-based therapies are used nowadays and estrogen-like molecules, including phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens, are omnipresent in our environment, estrogen-dependent changes in cell biology and tissue homeostasis have gained attention in human health and disease. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on the current knowledge of estrogen and estrogen-like molecules and their impact on cell survival and neurodegeneration, as well as their role in NSPCs proliferation/differentiation balance and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Bustamante-Barrientos
- Immunology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maxs Méndez-Ruette
- Neuroscience Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexander Ortloff
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Immunology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Carlos D Figueroa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis Molina
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Luis Federico Bátiz
- Neuroscience Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Shahsavani N, Kataria H, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Mechanisms and repair strategies for white matter degeneration in CNS injury and diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166117. [PMID: 33667627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
White matter degeneration is an important pathophysiological event of the central nervous system that is collectively characterized by demyelination, oligodendrocyte loss, axonal degeneration and parenchymal changes that can result in sensory, motor, autonomic and cognitive impairments. White matter degeneration can occur due to a variety of causes including trauma, neurotoxic exposure, insufficient blood flow, neuroinflammation, and developmental and inherited neuropathies. Regardless of the etiology, the degeneration processes share similar pathologic features. In recent years, a plethora of cellular and molecular mechanisms have been identified for axon and oligodendrocyte degeneration including oxidative damage, calcium overload, neuroinflammatory events, activation of proteases, depletion of adenosine triphosphate and energy supply. Extensive efforts have been also made to develop neuroprotective and neuroregenerative approaches for white matter repair. However, less progress has been achieved in this area mainly due to the complexity and multifactorial nature of the degeneration processes. Here, we will provide a timely review on the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of white matter degeneration and will also discuss recent pharmacological and cellular therapeutic approaches for white matter protection as well as axonal regeneration, oligodendrogenesis and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Shahsavani
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hardeep Kataria
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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22
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Breton JM, Long KLP, Barraza MK, Perloff OS, Kaufer D. Hormonal Regulation of Oligodendrogenesis II: Implications for Myelin Repair. Biomolecules 2021; 11:290. [PMID: 33669242 PMCID: PMC7919830 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in myelin, the protective and insulating sheath surrounding axons, affect brain function, as is evident in demyelinating diseases where the loss of myelin leads to cognitive and motor dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that changes in myelination, including both hyper- and hypo-myelination, may also play a role in numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases. Protecting myelin and promoting remyelination is thus crucial for a wide range of disorders. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the cells that generate myelin, and oligodendrogenesis, the creation of new OLs, continues throughout life and is necessary for myelin plasticity and remyelination. Understanding the regulation of oligodendrogenesis and myelin plasticity within disease contexts is, therefore, critical for the development of novel therapeutic targets. In our companion manuscript, we review literature demonstrating that multiple hormone classes are involved in the regulation of oligodendrogenesis under physiological conditions. The majority of hormones enhance oligodendrogenesis, increasing oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and inducing maturation and myelin production in OLs. Thus, hormonal treatments present a promising route to promote remyelination. Here, we review the literature on hormonal regulation of oligodendrogenesis within the context of disorders. We focus on steroid hormones, including glucocorticoids and sex hormones, peptide hormones such as insulin-like growth factor 1, and thyroid hormones. For each hormone, we describe whether they aid in OL survival, differentiation, or remyelination, and we discuss their mechanisms of action, if known. Several of these hormones have yielded promising results in both animal models and in human conditions; however, a better understanding of hormonal effects, interactions, and their mechanisms will ultimately lead to more targeted therapeutics for myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Breton
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kimberly L P Long
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew K Barraza
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Olga S Perloff
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G1M1, Canada
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23
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Taherian N, Vaezi G, Neamati A, Etemad L, Hojjati V, Gorji-Valokola M. Vitamin B12 and estradiol benzoate improve memory retrieval through activation of the hippocampal AKT, BDNF, and CREB proteins in a rat model of multiple sclerosis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:256-263. [PMID: 33953866 PMCID: PMC8061324 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.51469.11681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes extensive damage in the hippocampus. Vitamin B12 (vit B12) and estradiol benzoate (EB) have anti-inflammatory and re-myelination properties that make them proper in improvement of cognitive impairment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these compounds on learning and memory disturbances. MATERIALS AND METHODS 77 adult male rats were implanted with stainless steel guide cannula bilaterally into the hippocampal area. The animals received 3 μl intrahippocampal EtB 0.01% and were randomly divided into eleven groups (7 rats/group). The groups included control, peanut oil (sham1), distilled water (sham 2), vit B12 (0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/kg), EB (25 and 50 mg/kg), vit B12 (0.25 mg/kg) plus EB (25 mg/kg), vit B12 (0.5 mg/kg) plus EB (25 mg/kg), and vit B12 (1 mg/kg) plus EB (50 mg/kg). The control group received intrahippocampal saline (as solvent). The locomotor activity and learning and memory functions were evaluated by open-field and shuttle-box tests, respectively. AKT, CREB, and BDNF levels were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS This study has found significant deficit in passive avoidance learning, locomotor activity, as well as decrease in the levels of phosphorylated AKT, BDNF, and CREB in groups that received EtB. Vit B12 (1 mg/kg), EB (50 mg/kg), and their combination markedly improved these side effects. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that vit B12 and estradiol benzoate, especially in combination therapy, can be helpful in treatment of memory problems and MS-induced dysfunction through activation of the hippocampal AKT, BDNF, and CREB proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Taherian
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Gholamhassan Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Ali Neamati
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vida Hojjati
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Gorji-Valokola
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Naffaa V, Laprévote O, Schang AL. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on myelin development and diseases. Neurotoxicology 2020; 83:51-68. [PMID: 33352275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the central and peripheral nervous systems, myelin is essential for efficient conduction of action potentials. During development, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells differentiate and ensure axon myelination, and disruption of these processes can contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders. In adults, demyelination can lead to important disabilities, and recovery capacities by remyelination often decrease with disease progression. Among environmental chemical pollutants, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are of major concern for human health and are notably suspected to participate in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have combined the current knowledge on EDCs impacts on myelin including several persistent organic pollutants, bisphenol A, triclosan, heavy metals, pesticides, and nicotine. Besides, we presented several other endocrine modulators, including pharmaceuticals and the phytoestrogen genistein, some of which are candidates for treating demyelinating conditions but could also be deleterious as contaminants. The direct impacts of EDCs on myelinating cells were considered as well as their indirect consequences on myelin, particularly on immune mechanisms associated with demyelinating conditions. More studies are needed to describe the effects of these compounds and to further understand the underlying mechanisms in relation to the potential for endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Naffaa
- Université de Paris, UMR 8038 (CiTCoM), CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Laprévote
- Université de Paris, UMR 8038 (CiTCoM), CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Service de Biochimie, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Laure Schang
- Université de Paris, UMR 1153 (CRESS), Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
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25
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Nutma E, Marzin MC, Cillessen SA, Amor S. Autophagy in white matter disorders of the CNS: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. J Pathol 2020; 253:133-147. [PMID: 33135781 PMCID: PMC7839724 DOI: 10.1002/path.5576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a constitutive process that degrades, recycles and clears damaged proteins or organelles, yet, despite activation of this pathway, abnormal proteins accumulate in neurons in neurodegenerative diseases and in oligodendrocytes in white matter disorders. Here, we discuss the role of autophagy in white matter disorders, including neurotropic infections, inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, and in hereditary metabolic disorders and acquired toxic‐metabolic disorders. Once triggered due to cell stress, autophagy can enhance cell survival or cell death that may contribute to oligodendrocyte damage and myelin loss in white matter diseases. For some disorders, the mechanisms leading to myelin loss are clear, whereas the aetiological agent and pathological mechanisms are unknown for other myelin disorders, although emerging studies indicate that a common mechanism underlying these disorders is dysregulation of autophagic pathways. In this review we discuss the alterations in the autophagic process in white matter disorders and the potential use of autophagy‐modulating agents as therapeutic approaches in these pathological conditions. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nutma
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel C Marzin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Agm Cillessen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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26
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Akbarian F, Tabatabaiefar MA, Shaygannejad V, Shahpouri MM, Badihian N, Sajjadi R, Dabiri A, Jalilian N, Noori-Daloii MR. Upregulation of MTOR, RPS6KB1, and EIF4EBP1 in the whole blood samples of Iranian patients with multiple sclerosis compared to healthy controls. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:1309-1316. [PMID: 32809098 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Various genetic and epigenetic mechanisms have been suggested to play roles as the underlying pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Changes in different parts of the mTOR signaling pathway are among the potential suggested mechanisms based on the specific roles of this pathway in CNS. MTOR, RPS6KB1, and EIFEBP1 genes are among important genes in the mTOR pathway, responsible for the proper function of acting proteins in this signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate the relative expression levels of these genes in the blood samples of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients compared to healthy controls. In this case-control study blood samples were collected from 30 newly diagnosed RRMS patients and 30 age and sex-matched healthy controls. mRNA level of MTOR, RPS6KB1, and EIFEBP1 genes were assessed using Real-Time PCR. The expression of MTOR, RPS6KB1, and EIF4EBP1 genes was up regulated in MS patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 for all mentioned genes). Considering gender differences, expression of the mentioned genes was increased among female patients (all P < 0.001). However, no statistically significant changes were observed among male patients. Based on the receiver operating characteristic, MTOR gene had the highest diagnostic value followed by EIF4EBP1 and RPS6KB1 genes in differentiating RRMS patients from controls. In conclusion, we found the simultaneous upregulation of MTOR, RPS6KB1, and EIF4EBP1 genes among RRMS patients. MTOR showed to have the highest diagnostic value compared to other 2 genes in differentiating RRMS patients. Further studies evaluating the importance of these findings from pharmacological and prognostic perspectives are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Akbarian
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Tehran, 14155-6447, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vahid Shaygannejad
- Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Negin Badihian
- Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roshanak Sajjadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezou Dabiri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nazanin Jalilian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Noori-Daloii
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Tehran, 14155-6447, Iran.
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Wan Nasri WN, Makpol S, Mazlan M, Tooyama I, Wan Ngah WZ, Damanhuri HA. Tocotrienol Rich Fraction Supplementation Modulate Brain Hippocampal Gene Expression in APPswe/PS1dE9 Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:S239-S254. [PMID: 30507571 PMCID: PMC6700627 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of memory and other cognitive abilities. AD is associated with aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposited in the hippocampal brain region. Our previous work has shown that tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) supplementation was able to attenuate the blood oxidative status, improve behavior, and reduce fibrillary-type Aβ deposition in the hippocampus of an AD mouse model. In the present study, we investigate the effect of 6 months of TRF supplementation on transcriptome profile in the hippocampus of APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice. TRF supplementation can alleviate AD conditions by modulating several important genes in AD. Moreover, TRF supplementation attenuated the affected biological process and pathways that were upregulated in the AD mouse model. Our findings indicate that TRF supplementation can modulate hippocampal gene expression as well as biological processes that can potentially delay the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nurzulaikha Wan Nasri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Musalmah Mazlan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Seta Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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Liu C, Zhang N, Zhang R, Jin L, Petridis AK, Loers G, Zheng X, Wang Z, Siebert HC. Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination in Mouse Hippocampus Is Alleviated by Ketogenic Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11215-11228. [PMID: 32921051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, ketogenic diet (KD) supplementation has attracted great interest. Therefore, we established the cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination mouse model to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of KD on the hippocampus of mice. We found that KD significantly elevated the level of serum β-hydroxybutyric acid, improved behavioral and motor abnormalities, and impaired the spatial learning and memory of CPZ-induced demyelination mice. Meanwhile, KD lessened the hippocampal demyelination by enhancing the expression of mature oligodendrocytes (OLs), which was revealed by the elevated expression of MBP and CNPase, as well as the luxol fast blue-staining intensity. Furthermore, KD inhibits the activation of microglia (especially M1-like microglia) and reactive astrocytes. Interestingly, KD attenuated the CPZ-induced oxidative stress by decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and restoring the glutathione (GSH) levels. In addition, the double immunofluorescence staining revealed that KD enhanced the expression of SIRT1 in astrocytes, microglia, and mature oligodendrocytes. Concomitantly, Western blot demonstrated that KD increased the expression of SIRT1, phosphorylated-AKT, mTOR, and PPAR-γ. In conclusion, KD exerted a neuroprotective effect on CPZ-induced demyelination mice, and this activity was associated with the modulation of the SIRT1/PPAR-γ and SIRT1/P-Akt/mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Li Jin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Athanasios K Petridis
- Heinrich Heine University, Neurosurgical Department, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40255 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Hans-Christian Siebert
- RI-B-NT-Research Institute of Bioinformatics and Nanotechnology, Schauenburgerstr. 116, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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29
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Nir A, Barak B. White matter alterations in Williams syndrome related to behavioral and motor impairments. Glia 2020; 69:5-19. [PMID: 32589817 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myelin is the electrical insulator surrounding the neuronal axon that makes up the white matter (WM) of the brain. It helps increase axonal conduction velocity (CV) by inducing saltatory conduction. Damage to the myelin sheath and WM is associated with many neurological and psychiatric disorders. Decreasing myelin deficits, and thus improving axonal conduction, has the potential to serve as a therapeutic mechanism for reducing the severity of some of these disorders. Myelin deficits have been previously linked to abnormalities in social behavior, suggesting an interplay between brain connectivity and sociability. This review focuses on Williams syndrome (WS), a genetic disorder characterized by neurocognitive characteristics and motor abnormalities, mainly known for its hypersociability characteristic. We discuss fundamental aspects of WM in WS and how its alterations can affect motor abilities and social behavior. Overall, findings regarding changes in myelin genes and alterations in WM structure in WS suggest new targets for drug therapy aimed at improving conduction properties and altering brain-activity synchronization in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Nir
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Boaz Barak
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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30
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Imamura O, Arai M, Dateki M, Oishi K, Takishima K. Donepezil-induced oligodendrocyte differentiation is mediated through estrogen receptors. J Neurochem 2019; 155:494-507. [PMID: 31778582 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Loss of oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system, and subsequent failure of myelin development result in serious neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Using primary mouse embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs), we previously demonstrated that donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, stimulates the differentiation of NSCs into oligodendrocytes and neurons, albeit at the expense of astrogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms underlying donepezil-induced differentiation remain unclear. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the molecular pathways contributing to donepezil-induced differentiation of mouse-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells (miPSC-NSCs). We used cell-based reporter gene arrays to investigate effects of donepezil on differentiation of miPSC-NSCs. Subsequently, we assessed the molecular pathway underlying donepezil action on differentiation of miPSC-NSCs into mature oligodendrocytes. Donepezil increased the transcriptional activity of estrogen response element under differentiating conditions. Moreover, estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) were highly expressed in MBP-positive mature oligodendrocytes. The ER antagonist ICI 182,780 abrogated the number of MBP-positive oligodendrocytes induced by donepezil, but showed no effect on the differentiation of miPSC-NSCs into Tuj1-positive neurons and GFAP-positive astrocytes. Furthermore, the donepezil-induced generation of mature oligodendrocytes from miPSC-NSC was significantly attenuated by antagonists and siRNA targeting ERα and ERβ. In conclusion, we demonstrated, for the first time, that donepezil-induced oligodendrogenesis is mediated through both ER subtypes, ERα and ERβ. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.14771.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Imamura
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Arai
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Minori Dateki
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Oishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Takishima
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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31
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Boyao Y, Mengjiao S, Caicai B, Xiaoling L, zhenxing L, Manxia W. Dynamic expression of autophagy-related factors in autoimmune encephalomyelitis and exploration of curcumin therapy. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 337:577067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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32
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Tobore TO. Towards a comprehensive etiopathogenetic and pathophysiological theory of multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:279-300. [PMID: 31588832 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1677648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by dysfunction of the immune system that affects the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by demyelination, chronic inflammation, neuronal and oligodendrocyte loss and reactive astrogliosis. It can result in physical disability and acute neurological and cognitive problems. Despite the gains in knowledge of immunology, cell biology, and genetics in the last five decades, the ultimate etiology or specific elements that trigger MS remain unknown. The objective of this review is to propose a theoretical basis for MS etiopathogenesis.Methods: Search was done by accessing PubMed/Medline, EBSCO, and PsycINFO databases. The search string used was "(multiple sclerosis* OR EAE) AND (pathophysiology* OR etiopathogenesis)". The electronic databases were searched for titles or abstracts containing these terms in all published articles between January 1, 1960, and June 30, 2019. The search was filtered down to 362 articles which were included in this review.Results: A framework to better understand the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of MS can be derived from four essential factors; mitochondria dysfunction (MtD) & oxidative stress (OS), vitamin D (VD), sex hormones and thyroid hormones. These factors play a direct role in MS etiopathogenesis and have a modulatory effect on many other factors involved in the disease.Conclusions: For better MS prevention and treatment outcomes, efforts should be geared towards treating thyroid problems, sex hormone alterations, VD deficiency, sleep problems and melatonin alterations. MS patients should be encouraged to engage in activities that boost total antioxidant capacity (TAC) including diet and regular exercise and discouraged from activities that promote OS including smoking and alcohol consumption.
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Baroncini D, Annovazzi PO, De Rossi N, Mallucci G, Torri Clerici V, Tonietti S, Mantero V, Ferrò MT, Messina MJ, Barcella V, La Mantia L, Ronzoni M, Barrilà C, Clerici R, Susani EL, Fusco ML, Chiveri L, Abate L, Ferraro O, Capra R, Colombo E, Confalonieri P, Zaffaroni M. Impact of natural menopause on multiple sclerosis: a multicentre study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:1201-1206. [PMID: 31189614 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-320587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of natural menopause on multiple sclerosis clinical course. METHODS This was an observational, retrospective, multicentre, cohort study. Menopause onset was defined by the final menstrual period (FMP) beyond which no menses occurred for 12 months. We included multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with FMP occurred after 2005 and a recorded follow-up of at least 2 years pre-FMP and post-FMP. We excluded patients with primary progressive course, iatrogenic menopause and with other confounders that could mask menopause onset. We compared relapse-rate and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores pre-FMP and post-FMP, searching for possible interactions with age, disease duration, cigarette smoking and nulliparity status. RESULTS 148 patients were included (mean observation: 3.5 years pre-FMP and post-FMP). Most patients (92%) received disease-modifying therapies, mainly first-lines. After menopause the annualised relapse rate (ARR) significantly decreased (from 0.21±0.31 to 0.13± 0.24; p=0.005), while disability worsened (increase of mean 0.4 vs 0.2 points after menopause; p<0.001). Older age and long-lasting disease were associated with ARR reduction (p=0.013), but not with disability worsening. Cigarette smokers showed a trend to a higher disability accumulation after menopause (p=0.059). CONCLUSION Natural menopause seems to be a turning point to a more progressive phase of MS. Relapse rate is also reduced after menopause, but this effect could be driven most by ageing and shifting to progressive phase in patients with long-lasting disease. Cigarette smoking could speed up disability progression after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Baroncini
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Gallarate Hospital, ASST Valle Olona, Gallarate, Italy
| | | | - Nicola De Rossi
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Spedali Civili di Brescia, presidio di Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Mallucci
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Simone Tonietti
- Department of Neurology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo - PO San Carlo Borromeo, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Teresa Ferrò
- Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurological Department, Ospedale Maggiore, Crema, Italy
| | - Maria Josè Messina
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (MI), Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Barcella
- USS Malattie Autoimmuni, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Loredana La Mantia
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Santa Maria Nascente Don Gnocchi, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Ronzoni
- Department of Neurology, ASST Rhodense, Ospedale "G. Salvini" - Garbagnate M.se, Garbagnate milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Caterina Barrilà
- Department of Neurology, ASST Rhodense, Ospedale "G. Salvini" - Garbagnate M.se, Garbagnate milanese (MI), Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Laura Susani
- Neurology and Neuroscience Department, ASST Grande ospedale metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Fusco
- Department of Neurology, ASST Monza, Ospedale San Gerardo, Clinica Neurologica, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Chiveri
- Dipartimento di neuroscienze, ASST ovest Milanese, ospedale di Legnano, Legnano, Italy
| | - Lucia Abate
- Neurological Unit, ASST Valtellina e Altolario, Sondrio, Italy
| | - Ottavia Ferraro
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ruggero Capra
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Presidio di Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Colombo
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Confalonieri
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, IRCCS Foundation "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Zaffaroni
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Gallarate Hospital, ASST Valle Olona, Gallarate, Italy
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34
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Tobore TO. On elucidation of the role of mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ncn3.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Azcoitia I, Barreto GE, Garcia-Segura LM. Molecular mechanisms and cellular events involved in the neuroprotective actions of estradiol. Analysis of sex differences. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100787. [PMID: 31513774 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol, either from peripheral or central origin, activates multiple molecular neuroprotective and neuroreparative responses that, being mediated by estrogen receptors or by estrogen receptor independent mechanisms, are initiated at the membrane, the cytoplasm or the cell nucleus of neural cells. Estrogen-dependent signaling regulates a variety of cellular events, such as intracellular Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, autophagy and apoptosis. In turn, these molecular and cellular actions of estradiol are integrated by neurons and non-neuronal cells to generate different tissue protective responses, decreasing blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity and promoting synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, neurogenesis, remyelination and neuroregeneration. Recent findings indicate that the neuroprotective and neuroreparative actions of estradiol are different in males and females and further research is necessary to fully elucidate the causes for this sex difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Azcoitia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludables (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludables (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain.
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Lund B, Stone R, Levy A, Lee S, Amundson E, Kashani N, Rodgers K, Kelland E. Reduced disease severity following therapeutic treatment with angiotensin 1–7 in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:87-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Atkinson KC, Lee JB, Hasselmann JPC, Kim SH, Drew A, Soto J, Katzenellenbogen JA, Harris NG, Obenaus A, Tiwari-Woodruff SK. Diffusion tensor imaging identifies aspects of therapeutic estrogen receptor β ligand-induced remyelination in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104501. [PMID: 31226301 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been shown to detect white matter degeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease that presents with diffuse demyelination of the central nervous system. However, the utility of DTI in evaluating therapeutic remyelination has not yet been well-established. Here, we assessed the ability of DTI to distinguish between remyelination and neuroprotection following estrogen receptor β ligand (Indazole chloride, IndCl) treatment, which has been previously shown to stimulate functional remyelination, in the cuprizone (CPZ) diet mouse model of MS. Adult C57BL/6 J male and female mice received a normal diet (control), demyelination-inducing CPZ diet (9wkDM), or CPZ diet followed by two weeks of a normal diet (i.e., remyelination period) with either IndCl (RM + IndCl) or vehicle (RM + Veh) injections. We evaluated tissue microstructure of the corpus callosum utilizing in vivo and ex vivo DTI and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for validation. Compared to control mice, the 9wkDM group showed decreased fractional anisotropy (FA), increased radial diffusivity (RD), and no changes in axial diffusivity (AD) both in vivo and ex vivo. Meanwhile, RM + IndCl groups showed increased FA and decreased RD ex vivo compared to the RM + Veh group, in accordance with the evidence of remyelination by IHC. In conclusion, the DTI technology used in the present study can identify some changes in myelination and is a valuable translational tool for evaluating MS pathophysiology and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley C Atkinson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine at UCR, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jeong Bin Lee
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine at Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Alyson Drew
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine at Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Joselyn Soto
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine at UCR, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Neil G Harris
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine at Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine at UCI, Irvine, CA, USA
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Synthesis and characterization of hydrogen peroxide activated estrogen receptor beta ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2075-2082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Arshad Z, Rezapour-Firouzi S, Ebrahimifar M, Mosavi Jarrahi A, Mohammadian M. Association of Delta-6-Desaturase Expression with
Aggressiveness of Cancer, Diabetes Mellitus, and Multiple
Sclerosis: A Narrative Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1005-1018. [PMID: 31030467 PMCID: PMC6948902 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.4.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B /mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/
mTOR) signaling regulates multiple cellular processes and organizes cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation
with the available nutrients, in particular, fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are cytotoxic to cancer cells
and play a critical role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and diabetes mellitus (DM). PUFAs are produced in
the body by desaturases and elongases from dietary essential fatty acids (EFAs), primarily involving delta-6-desaturase
(D6D). D6D is a rate-limiting enzyme for maintaining many aspects of lipid homeostasis and normal health. D6D is
important to recognize the mechanisms that regulate the expression of this enzyme in humans. A lower level of D6D was
seen in breast tumors compared to normal tissues. Interestingly, the elevated serum level of D6D was seen in MS and
DM, which explains the critical role of D6D in inflammatory diseases. Methods: We searched databases of PubMed,
Web of Science (WOS), Google Scholar, Scopus and related studies by predefined eligibility criteria. We assessed
their quality and extracted data. Results: Regarding the mTOR signaling pathway, there is remarkable contributions of
many inflammatory diseases to attention to common metabolic pathways are depicted. Of course, we need to have the
insights into each disorder and their pathological process. The first step in balancing the intake of EFAs is to prevent
the disruption of metabolism and expression of the D6D enzyme. Conclusions: The ω6 and ω3 pathways are two major
pathways in the biosynthesis of PUFAs. In both of these, D6D is a vital bifunctional enzyme desaturating linoleic acid
or alpha-linolenic acid. Therefore, if ω6 and ω3 EFAs are given together in a ratio of 2: 1, the D6D expression will be
down-regulated and normalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Arshad
- Department of Pathology of Anatomy, School of medicine, Baku University of Medical Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Soheila Rezapour-Firouzi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. ,
| | - Meysam Ebrahimifar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, Iran
| | - Alireza Mosavi Jarrahi
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Mohammadian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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ZFHX3 is indispensable for ERβ to inhibit cell proliferation via MYC downregulation in prostate cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:28. [PMID: 30979864 PMCID: PMC6461672 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2, also known as estrogen receptor beta (ERβ)) and the zinc-finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3, also known as ATBF1 for AT motif-binding factor 1) modulate prostate development and suppress prostatic tumorigenesis in mice. ZFHX3 is integral to proper functions of ESR1 (i.e., estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)), which belongs to the same family of proteins as ESR2, but is hardly expressed in prostate epithelial cells. It is not clear how ZFHX3 suppresses prostatic tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated whether ZFHX3 and ERβ functionally interact with each other in the suppression of prostatic tumorigenesis. In two androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate cancer cell lines, C4-2B and LNCaP, we first validated ERβ’s tumor suppressor activity indicated by the inhibition of cell proliferation and repression of MYC expression. We found that loss of ZFHX3 increased cell proliferation and MYC expression, and downregulation of MYC was necessary for ZFHX3 to inhibit cell proliferation in the same cell lines. Importantly, loss of ZFHX3 prevented ERβ from suppressing cell proliferation and repressing MYC transcription. Biochemically, ERβ and ZFHX3 physically interacted with each other and they both occupied the same region of the common MYC promoter, even though ZFHX3 also bound to another region of the MYC promoter. Higher levels of ZFHX3 and ERβ in human prostate cancer tissue samples correlated with better patient survival. These findings establish MYC repression as a mechanism for ZFHX3’s tumor suppressor activity and ZFHX3 as an indispensable factor for ERβ’s tumor suppressor activity in prostate cancer cells. Our data also suggest that intact ZFHX3 function is required for using ERβ-selective agonists to effectively treat prostate cancer.
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41
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Skaper SD. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells as a therapeutic target for demyelinating diseases. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 245:119-144. [PMID: 30961866 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating differentiation of multipotent oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) are critical to our understanding of myelination and remyelination. Following acute demyelination in the central nervous system, adult OPCs migrate to the injury site, differentiate into OLs and generate new myelin sheaths. A common feature of regenerative processes is the fact that remyelination efficiency declines with aging and, accounts for the observation that chronic demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by an ineffective remyelination. Without doubt, impairment of OPC differentiation is an essential determinant of the aging effects in remyelination. However, spontaneous remyelination is limited in demyelinating diseases such as MS, owing in part to the failure of adult OPCs to differentiate into myelinating OLs. The inability to restore myelin after injury compromises axon integrity and renders them vulnerable to degeneration. Although the genes that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of OPCs during development have been intensively studied, relatively little is known about the molecular signals that regulate the function of adult OPCs after demyelination. Elucidating the mechanisms regulating OPC differentiation are key to identifying pharmacological targets for remyelination-enhancing therapy. This review will discuss OPC biology, myelination, and possible pharmacological targets for promoting the differentiation of OPCs as a strategy to enhance remyelination, including the potential for nanoscale delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Skaper
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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Balla B, Sárvári M, Kósa JP, Kocsis-Deák B, Tobiás B, Árvai K, Takács I, Podani J, Liposits Z, Lakatos P. Long-term selective estrogen receptor-beta agonist treatment modulates gene expression in bone and bone marrow of ovariectomized rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 188:185-194. [PMID: 30685384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gonadal hormones including 17β-estradiol exert important protective functions in skeletal homeostasis. However, numerous details of ovarian hormone deficiency in the common bone marrow microenvironment have not yet been revealed and little information is available on the tissue-specific acts either, especially those via estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). The aim of the present study was therefore to examine the bone-related gene expression changes after ovariectomy (OVX) and long-term ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) administration. We found that OVX produced strong and widespread changes of gene expression in both femoral bone and bone marrow. In the bone out of 22 genes, 20 genes were up- and 2 were downregulated after OVX. It is noteworthy that DPN restored mRNA expression of 10 OVX-induced changes (Aldh2, Col1a1, Daam1, Fgf12, Igf1, Il6r, Nfkb1, Notch1, Notch2 and Psen1) suggesting a modulatory role of ERβ in bone physiology. In bone marrow, out of 37 categorized genes, transcription of 25 genes were up- and 12 were downregulated indicating that the marrow is highly responsive to gonadal hormones. DPN modestly affected transcription, only expression of two genes (Nfatc1 and Tgfb1) was restored by DPN action. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was the most affected gene cluster following the interventions in bone and bone marrow, as demonstrated by canonical variates analysis (CVA). We suggested that our results contribute to a deeper understanding of alterations in gene expression of bone and bone marrow niche elicited by ERβ and selective ERβ analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Balla
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Sárvári
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János P Kósa
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kocsis-Deák
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Tobiás
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Árvai
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Takács
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Podani
- Biological Institute, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Liposits
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lakatos
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Kim RY, Mangu D, Hoffman AS, Kavosh R, Jung E, Itoh N, Voskuhl R. Oestrogen receptor β ligand acts on CD11c+ cells to mediate protection in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain 2019; 141:132-147. [PMID: 29228214 PMCID: PMC5837360 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oestrogen treatments are neuroprotective in a variety of neurodegenerative disease models. Selective oestrogen receptor modifiers are needed to optimize beneficial effects while minimizing adverse effects to achieve neuroprotection in chronic diseases. Oestrogen receptor beta (ERβ) ligands are potential candidates. In the multiple sclerosis model chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, ERβ-ligand treatment is neuroprotective, but mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection remain unclear. Specifically, whether there are direct effects of ERβ-ligand on CD11c+ microglia, myeloid dendritic cells or macrophages in vivo during disease is unknown. Here, we generated mice with ERβ deleted from CD11c+ cells to show direct effects of ERβ-ligand treatment in vivo on these cells to mediate neuroprotection during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Further, we use bone marrow chimeras to show that ERβ in peripherally derived myeloid cells, not resident microglia, are the CD11c+ cells mediating this protection. CD11c+ dendritic cell and macrophages isolated from the central nervous system of wild-type experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice treated with ERβ-ligand expressed less iNOS and T-bet, but more IL-10, and this treatment effect was lost in mice with specific deletion of ERβ in CD11c+ cells. Also, we extend previous reports of ERβ-ligand’s ability to enhance remyelination through a direct effect on oligodendrocytes by showing that the immunomodulatory effect of ERβ-ligand acting on CD11c+ cells is necessary to permit the maturation of oligodendrocytes. Together these results demonstrate that targeting ERβ signalling pathways in CD11c+ myeloid cells is a novel strategy for regulation of the innate immune system in neurodegenerative diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing how direct effects of a candidate neuroprotective treatment on two distinct cell lineages (bone marrow derived myeloid cells and oligodendrocytes) can have complementary neuroprotective effects in vivo.awx315media15688130498001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Y Kim
- Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Ph.D. Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Darian Mangu
- Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexandria S Hoffman
- Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rojan Kavosh
- Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eunice Jung
- Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Noriko Itoh
- Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rhonda Voskuhl
- Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Karim H, Kim SH, Lauderdale K, Lapato AS, Atkinson K, Yasui N, Yamate-Morgan H, Sekyi M, Katzenellenbogen JA, Tiwari-Woodruff SK. Analogues of ERβ ligand chloroindazole exert immunomodulatory and remyelinating effects in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:503. [PMID: 30679747 PMCID: PMC6345788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical agents currently approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis reduce relapse rates, but do not reverse or prevent neurodegeneration nor initiate myelin repair. The highly selective estrogen receptor (ER) β ligand chloroindazole (IndCl) shows particular promise promoting both remyelination while reducing inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. To optimize these benefits, we developed and screened seven novel IndCl analogues for their efficacy in promoting primary oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitor cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro by immunohistochemistry. Two analogues, IndCl-o-chloro and IndCl-o-methyl, induced proliferation and differentiation equivalent to IndCl and were selected for subsequent in vivo evaluation for their impact on clinical disease course, white matter pathology, and inflammation. Both compounds ameliorated disease severity, increased mature OLs, and improved overall myelination in the corpus callosum and white matter tracts of the spinal cord. These effects were accompanied by reduced production of the OL toxic molecules interferon-γ and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand, CXCL10 by splenocytes with no discernable effect on central nervous system-infiltrating leukocyte numbers, while IndCl-o-methyl also reduced peripheral interleukin (IL)−17. In addition, expression of the chemokine CXCL1, which is associated with developmental oligodendrogenesis, was upregulated by IndCl and both analogues. Furthermore, callosal compound action potential recordings from analogue-treated mice demonstrated a larger N1 component amplitude compared to vehicle, suggesting more functionally myelinated fibers. Thus, the o-Methyl and o-Chloro IndCl analogues represent a class of ERβ ligands that offer significant remyelination and neuroprotection as well as modulation of the immune system; hence, they appear appropriate to consider further for therapeutic development in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawra Karim
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, UCR School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kelli Lauderdale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, UCR School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Andrew S Lapato
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, UCR School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Kelley Atkinson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, UCR School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Norio Yasui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hana Yamate-Morgan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, UCR School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Maria Sekyi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, UCR School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | | | - Seema K Tiwari-Woodruff
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, UCR School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. .,Center for Glia Neuronal Interaction, UCR School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Ohgomori T, Jinno S. Cuprizone-induced demyelination in the mouse hippocampus is alleviated by phytoestrogen genistein. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 363:98-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Tosic J, Stanojevic Z, Vidicevic S, Isakovic A, Ciric D, Martinovic T, Kravic-Stevovic T, Bumbasirevic V, Paunovic V, Jovanovic S, Todorovic-Markovic B, Markovic Z, Danko M, Micusik M, Spitalsky Z, Trajkovic V. Graphene quantum dots inhibit T cell-mediated neuroinflammation in rats. Neuropharmacology 2018; 146:95-108. [PMID: 30471296 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the therapeutic capacity of nano-sized graphene sheets, called graphene quantum dots (GQD), in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) damage. Intraperitoneally administered GQD (10 mg/kg/day) accumulated in the lymph node and CNS cells of Dark Agouti rats in which EAE was induced by immunization with spinal cord homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant. GQD significantly reduced clinical signs of EAE when applied throughout the course of the disease (day 0-32), while the protection was less pronounced if the treatment was limited to the induction (day 0-7 post-immunization) or effector (from day 8 onwards) phase of the disease. GQD treatment diminished immune infiltration, demyelination, axonal damage, and apoptotic death in the CNS of EAE animals. GQD also reduced the numbers of interferon-γ-expressing T helper (Th)1 cells, as well as the expression of Th1 transcription factor T-bet and proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the lymph nodes and CNS immune infitrates. The protective effect of GQD in EAE was associated with the activation of p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and Akt in the lymph nodes and/or CNS. Finally, GQD protected oligodendrocytes and neurons from T cell-mediated damage in the in vitro conditions. Collectively, these data demonstrate the ability of GQD to gain access to both immune and CNS cells during neuroinflammation, and to alleviate immune-mediated CNS damage by modulating MAPK/Akt signaling and encephalitogenic Th1 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Tosic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zeljka Stanojevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sasenka Vidicevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Isakovic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Darko Ciric
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Martinovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kravic-Stevovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Bumbasirevic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Jovanovic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Zoran Markovic
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84541, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Danko
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84541, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Micusik
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84541, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zdenko Spitalsky
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84541, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Gu Y, Wu Y, Su W, Xing L, Shen Y, He X, Li L, Yuan Y, Tang X, Chen G. 17β-Estradiol Enhances Schwann Cell Differentiation via the ERβ-ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway and Promotes Remyelination in Injured Sciatic Nerves. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1026. [PMID: 30356713 PMCID: PMC6189327 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Remyelination is critical for nerve regeneration. However, the molecular mechanism involved in remyelination is poorly understood. To explore the roles of 17β-estradiol (E2) for myelination in the peripheral nervous system, we used a co-culture model of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants and Schwann cells (SCs) and a regeneration model of the crushed sciatic nerves in ovariectomized (OVX) and non-ovariectomized (non-OVX) rats for in vitro and in vivo analysis. E2 promoted myelination by facilitating the differentiation of SCs in vitro, which could be inhibited by the estrogen receptors (ER) antagonist ICI182780, ERβ antagonist PHTPP, or ERK1/2 antagonist PD98059. This suggests that E2 accelerates SC differentiation via the ERβ-ERK1/2 signaling. Furthermore, E2 promotes remyelination in crushed sciatic nerves of both OVX and non-OVX rats. Interestingly, E2 also significantly increased the expression of the lysosome membrane proteins LAMP1 and myelin protein P0 in the regenerating nerves. Moreover, P0 has higher degree of colocalization with LAMP1 in the regenerating nerves. Taking together, our results suggest that E2 enhances Schwann cell differentiation and further myelination via the ERβ-ERK1/2 signaling and that E2 increases the expression of myelin proteins and lysosomes in SCs to promotes remyelination in regenerating sciatic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yumen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenfeng Su
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - LingYan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaowen He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lilan Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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48
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Kalinowska-Łyszczarz A, Pawlak MA, Wyciszkiewicz A, Osztynowicz K, Kozubski W, Michalak S. Immune-cell BDNF expression in treatment-naïve relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and following one year of immunomodulation therapy. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2018; 52:483-489. [PMID: 29643001 DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although neurons are the main source of neurotrophins in the healthy brain, neurotrophins can also be expressed in the immune system. We have previously shown that in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) lower immune-cell neurotrophin levels are associated with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment. The aim of the present study was to assess if immune-cell neurotrophin expression is impaired in MS as compared with the healthy controls, and to describe if these levels change in treatment-naïve RRMS patients, following one year of immunomodulation. Fifty treatment-naïve RRMS patients were assessed at baseline and after one year of immunomodulation (beta-interferons/glatiramer acetate). The control group included 39 healthy subjects matched according to age and gender. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from heparinized blood using Ficoll-Histopaque gradient. The levels of brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor (BDNF), beta-nerve-growth-factor (beta-NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) were measured in PBMC lysates with ELISA. BDNF levels were significantly lower in MS than in the healthy controls (median 613 vs. 1657pg/mg protein, p<0.001). After one year of immunomodulation, BDNF expression did not change significantly (p=0.06) on the group level. In 70% of patients there was no increase in BDNF level, and in 30% it increased. We observed no differences between treatment groups. Other neurotrophins were detected in a minority of MS samples (as opposed to the controls). To conclude, we have shown that immune-cell production of neurotrophins is impaired in MS patients. In our MS cohort standard immunomodulation failed to restore normal BDNF levels in PBMCs within one year of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kalinowska-Łyszczarz
- Division of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Mikołaj A Pawlak
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 34 Dojazd Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Wyciszkiewicz
- Division of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Osztynowicz
- Division of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Michalak
- Division of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
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49
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Xiao Q, Luo Y, Lv F, He Q, Wu H, Chao F, Qiu X, Zhang L, Gao Y, Huang C, Wang S, Zhou C, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Tang Y. Protective Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Hippocampal Myelinated Fibers in Ovariectomized Middle-aged Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 385:143-153. [PMID: 29908214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) improves hippocampus-dependent cognition. This study investigated the impact of estrogen on hippocampal volume, CA1 subfield volume and myelinated fibers in the CA1 subfield of middle-aged ovariectomized rats. Ten-month-old bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX) female rats were randomly divided into OVX + E2 and OVX + Veh groups. After four weeks of subcutaneous injection with 17β-estradiol or a placebo, the OVX + E2 rats exhibited significantly short mean escape latency in a spatial learning task than that in the OVX + Veh rats. Using stereological methods, we did not observe significant differences in the volumes of the hippocampus and CA1 subfields between the two groups. However, using stereological methods and electron microscopy techniques, the total length of myelinated fibers and the total volumes of myelinated fibers, myelin sheaths and myelinated axons in the CA1 subfields of OVX + E2 rats were significantly 38.1%, 34.2%, 36.1% and 32.5%, respectively, higher than those in the OVX + Veh rats. After the parameters were calculated according to different diameter ranges, the estrogen replacement-induced remodeling of myelinated fibers in CA1 was mainly manifested in the myelinated fibers with a diameter of <1.0 μm. Therefore, four weeks of continuous E2 replacement improved the spatial learning capabilities of middle-aged ovariectomized rats. The E2 replacement-induced protection of spatial learning abilities might be associated with the beneficial effects of estrogen on myelinated fibers, particularly those with the diameters less than 1.0 μm, in the hippocampal CA1 region of middle-aged ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Luo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulin Lv
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglei Chao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Qiu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanrong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunni Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Putatunda R, Bethea JR, Hu WH. Potential immunotherapies for traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. Chin J Traumatol 2018; 21:125-136. [PMID: 29759918 PMCID: PMC6033730 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury of the central nervous system (CNS) including brain and spinal cord remains a leading cause of morbidity and disability in the world. Delineating the mechanisms underlying the secondary and persistent injury versus the primary and transient injury has been drawing extensive attention for study during the past few decades. The sterile neuroinflammation during the secondary phase of injury has been frequently identified substrate underlying CNS injury, but as of now, no conclusive studies have determined whether this is a beneficial or detrimental role in the context of repair. Recent pioneering studies have demonstrated the key roles for the innate and adaptive immune responses in regulating sterile neuroinflammation and CNS repair. Some promising immunotherapeutic strategies have been recently developed for the treatment of CNS injury. This review updates the recent progress on elucidating the roles of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the context of CNS injury, the development and characterization of potential immunotherapeutics, as well as outstanding questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Putatunda
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John R. Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen-Hui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Corresponding author.
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