1
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Prenger M, Gilchrist M, Van Hedger K, Seergobin KN, Owen AM, MacDonald PA. Establishing the Roles of the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum in Humor Comprehension and Appreciation with fMRI. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8536-8546. [PMID: 37932104 PMCID: PMC10711695 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1361-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Humor comprehension (i.e., getting a joke) and humor appreciation (i.e., enjoying a joke) are distinct, cognitively complex processes. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations have identified several key cortical regions but have overlooked subcortical structures that have theoretical importance in humor processing. The dorsal striatum (DS) contributes to working memory, ambiguity processing, and cognitive flexibility, cognitive functions that are required to accurately recognize humorous stimuli. The ventral striatum (VS) is critical in reward processing and enjoyment. We hypothesized that the DS and VS play important roles in humor comprehension and appreciation, respectively. We investigated the engagement of these regions in these distinct processes using fMRI. Twenty-six healthy young male and female human adults completed two humor-elicitation tasks during a 3 tesla fMRI scan consisting of a traditional behavior-based joke task and a naturalistic audiovisual sitcom paradigm (i.e., Seinfeld viewing task). Across both humor-elicitation methods, whole-brain analyses revealed cortical activation in the inferior frontal gyrus, the middle frontal gyrus, and the middle temporal gyrus for humor comprehension, and the temporal cortex for humor appreciation. Additionally, with region of interest analyses, we specifically examined whether DS and VS activation correlated with these processes. Across both tasks, we demonstrated that humor comprehension implicates both the DS and the VS, whereas humor appreciation only engages the VS. These results establish the role of the DS in humor comprehension, which has been previously overlooked, and emphasize the role of the VS in humor processing more generally.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Humorous stimuli are processed by the brain in at least two distinct stages. First, humor comprehension involves understanding humorous intent through cognitive and problem-solving mechanisms. Second, humor appreciation involves enjoyment, mirth, and laughter in response to a joke. The roles of smaller subcortical brain regions in humor processing, such as the DS and VS, have been overlooked in previous investigations. However, these regions are involved in functions that support humor comprehension (e.g., working memory ambiguity resolution, and cognitive flexibility) and humor appreciation (e.g., reward processing, pleasure, and enjoyment). In this study, we used neuroimaging to demonstrate that the DS and VS play important roles in humor comprehension and appreciation, respectively, across two different humor-elicitation tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Prenger
- BrainsCAN, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Madeline Gilchrist
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Kathryne Van Hedger
- BrainsCAN, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ken N Seergobin
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- BrainsCAN, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology and Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Penny A MacDonald
- BrainsCAN, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
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2
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Markam PS, Bourguignon C, Zhu L, Darvas M, Sabatini PV, Kokoeva MV, Giros B, Storch KF. The neurons that drive infradian sleep-wake and mania-like behavioral rhythms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.566955. [PMID: 38014299 PMCID: PMC10680706 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.566955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Infradian mood and sleep-wake rhythms with periods of 48 hr and beyond have been observed in bipolar disorder (BD) subjects that even persist in time isolation, indicating an endogenous origin. Here we show that mice exposed to methamphetamine (Meth) in drinking water develop infradian locomotor rhythms with periods of 48 hr and beyond which extend to sleep length and mania-like behaviors in support of a model for cycling in BD. This cycling capacity is abrogated upon genetic disruption of DA production in DA neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) or ablation of nucleus accumbens (NAc) projecting, dopamine (DA) neurons. Chemogenetic activation of NAc-projecting DA neurons leads to locomotor period lengthening in clock deficient mice, while cytosolic calcium in DA processes of the NAc was found fluctuating synchronously with locomotor behavior. Together, our findings argue that BD cycling relies on infradian rhythm generation that depends on NAc-projecting DA neurons.
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3
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Xiong C, Zhu Y, Luo Q, Phan CW, Huo Y, Li P, Li Q, Jin X, Huang W. Neuroprotective effects of a novel peptide from
Lignosus rhinocerotis
against 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced apoptosis in
PC12
cells by inhibiting
NF‐κB
activation. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:2152-2165. [PMID: 37181320 PMCID: PMC10171544 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
According to previous studies, oxidative stress is a leading cause of dopaminergic neuron death and may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In the current study, we used chromatography of gel filtration to identify a novel peptide (Lignosus rhinocerotis peptide [LRP]) from the sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden. Its neuroprotective effect was evaluated using an in vitro PD model constructed by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-stimulated to apoptosis in PC12 cells. The molecular weight of LRP is determined as 1532 Da and the secondary structure is irregular. The simple amino acid sequence of LRP is Thr-Leu-Ala-Pro-Thr-Phe-Leu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Gly-Pro-Cys-Leu-Leu. Notably, LRP has the ability to significantly boost the viability of PC12 cells after exposure to 6-OHDA, as well as enhance the cellular activity of antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). LRP also lowers the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), decreases the activation performance of Caspase-3, and reduces 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis via inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. These data indicate that LRP may have the potential to act as a neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xiong
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Qiang Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Chia Wei Phan
- Mushroom Research Centre Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Yujie Huo
- Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry Research Institute Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming China
| | - Ping Li
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu China
| | - Xin Jin
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Wenli Huang
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu China
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4
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Ying L, Zhao J, Ye Y, Liu Y, Xiao B, Xue T, Zhu H, Wu Y, He J, Qin S, Jiang Y, Guo F, Zhang L, Liu N, Zhang L. Regulation of Cdc42 signaling by the dopamine D2 receptor in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13588. [PMID: 35415964 PMCID: PMC9124300 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial spine loss in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and abnormal behaviors are common features of Parkinson's disease (PD). The caudate putamen (CPu) mainly contains MSNs expressing dopamine D1 receptor (dMSNs) and dopamine D2 receptor (iMSNs) exerting critical effects on motor and cognition behavior. However, the molecular mechanisms contributing to spine loss and abnormal behaviors in dMSNs and iMSNs under parkinsonian state remain unknown. In the present study, we revealed that Cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42) signaling was significantly decreased in the caudate putamen (CPu) in parkinsonian mice. In addition, overexpression of constitutively active Cdc42 in the CPu reversed spine abnormalities and improved the behavior deficits in parkinsonian mice. Utilizing conditional dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) or D2 receptor (D2R) knockout mice, we found that such a decrease under parkinsonian state was further reduced by conditional knockout of the D2R but not D1R. Moreover, the thin spine loss in iMSNs and deficits in motor coordination and cognition induced by conditional knockout of D2R were reversed by overexpression of constitutively active Cdc42 in the CPu. Additionally, conditional knockout of Cdc42 from D2R‐positive neurons in the CPu was sufficient to induce spine and behavior deficits similar to those observed in parkinsonian mice. Overall, our results indicate that impaired Cdc42 signaling regulated by D2R plays an important role in spine loss and behavioral deficits in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ying
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education School of Basic Medical Sciences Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jinlan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education School of Basic Medical Sciences Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Yingshan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education School of Basic Medical Sciences Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education School of Basic Medical Sciences Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education School of Basic Medical Sciences Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Tao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education School of Basic Medical Sciences Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Hangfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education School of Basic Medical Sciences Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Yue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education School of Basic Medical Sciences Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jing He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education School of Basic Medical Sciences Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Sifei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education School of Basic Medical Sciences Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education School of Basic Medical Sciences Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Fukun Guo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology Children's Hospital Research Foundation Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Nuyun Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center Elderly Health Services Research Center Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education School of Basic Medical Sciences Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital Center for Orthopaedic Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
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5
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Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Deficits in Parkinson's Disease and Their Modeling in Rodents. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060684. [PMID: 34204380 PMCID: PMC8234051 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with a large burden of non-motor symptoms including olfactory and autonomic dysfunction, as well as neuropsychiatric (depression, anxiety, apathy) and cognitive disorders (executive dysfunctions, memory and learning impairments). Some of these non-motor symptoms may precede the onset of motor symptoms by several years, and they significantly worsen during the course of the disease. The lack of systematic improvement of these non-motor features by dopamine replacement therapy underlines their multifactorial origin, with an involvement of monoaminergic and cholinergic systems, as well as alpha-synuclein pathology in frontal and limbic cortical circuits. Here we describe mood and neuropsychiatric disorders in PD and review their occurrence in rodent models of PD. Altogether, toxin-based rodent models of PD indicate a significant but non-exclusive contribution of mesencephalic dopaminergic loss in anxiety, apathy, and depressive-like behaviors, as well as in learning and memory deficits. Gene-based models display significant deficits in learning and memory, as well as executive functions, highlighting the contribution of alpha-synuclein pathology to these non-motor deficits. Collectively, neuropsychiatric and cognitive deficits are recapitulated to some extent in rodent models, providing partial but nevertheless useful options to understand the pathophysiology of non-motor symptoms and develop therapeutic options for these debilitating symptoms of PD.
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6
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Vecchio LM, Sullivan P, Dunn AR, Bermejo MK, Fu R, Masoud ST, Gregersen E, Urs NM, Nazari R, Jensen PH, Ramsey A, Goldstein DS, Miller GW, Salahpour A. Enhanced tyrosine hydroxylase activity induces oxidative stress, causes accumulation of autotoxic catecholamine metabolites, and augments amphetamine effects in vivo. J Neurochem 2021; 158:960-979. [PMID: 33991113 PMCID: PMC8376767 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, dopamine‐containing nigrostriatal neurons undergo profound degeneration. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis. TH increases in vitro formation of reactive oxygen species, and previous animal studies have reported links between cytosolic dopamine build‐up and oxidative stress. To examine effects of increased TH activity in catecholaminergic neurons in vivo, we generated TH‐over‐expressing mice (TH‐HI) using a BAC‐transgenic approach that results in over‐expression of TH with endogenous patterns of expression. The transgenic mice were characterized by western blot, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. Tissue contents of dopamine, its metabolites, and markers of oxidative stress were evaluated. TH‐HI mice had a 3‐fold increase in total and phosphorylated TH levels and an increased rate of dopamine synthesis. Coincident with elevated dopamine turnover, TH‐HI mice showed increased striatal production of H2O2 and reduced glutathione levels. In addition, TH‐HI mice had elevated striatal levels of the neurotoxic dopamine metabolites 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and 5‐S‐cysteinyl‐dopamine and were more susceptible than wild‐type mice to the effects of amphetamine and methamphetamine. These results demonstrate that increased TH alone is sufficient to produce oxidative stress in vivo, build up autotoxic dopamine metabolites, and augment toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Vecchio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Sullivan
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Dunn
- The Jackson Laboratory. Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Marie Kristel Bermejo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shababa T Masoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emil Gregersen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C., Denmark
| | - Nikhil M Urs
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - Reza Nazari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C., Denmark
| | - Amy Ramsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David S Goldstein
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ali Salahpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Müller-Oehring EM, Fama R, Levine TF, Hardcastle C, Goodcase R, Martin T, Prabhakar V, Brontë-Stewart HM, Poston KL, Sullivan EV, Schulte T. Cognitive and motor deficits in older adults with HIV infection: Comparison with normal ageing and Parkinson's disease. J Neuropsychol 2020; 15:253-273. [PMID: 33029951 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the life-extending success of antiretroviral pharmacotherapy in HIV infection (HIV), the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in HIV remains high. Near-normal life expectancy invokes an emerging role for age-infection interaction and a potential synergy between immunosenescence and HIV-related health factors, increasing risk of cognitive and motor impairment associated with degradation in corticostriatal circuits. These neural systems are also compromised in Parkinson's disease (PD), which could help model the cognitive deficit pattern in HIV. This cross-sectional study examined three groups, age 45-79 years: 42 HIV, 41 PD, and 37 control (CTRL) participants, tested at Stanford University Medical School and SRI International. Neuropsychological tests assessed executive function (EF), information processing speed (IPS), episodic memory (MEM), visuospatial processing (VSP), and upper motor (MOT) speed and dexterity. The HIV and PD deficit profiles were similar for EF, MEM, and VSP. Although only the PD group was impaired on MOT compared with CTRL, MOT scores were related to cognitive scores in HIV but not PD. Performance was not related to depressive symptoms, socioeconomic status, or CD4+ T-cell counts. The overlap of HIV-PD cognitive deficits implicates frontostriatal disruption in both conditions. The motor-cognitive score relation in HIV provides further support for the hypothesis that these processes share similar underlying mechanisms in HIV infection possibly expressed with or exacerbated by ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Müller-Oehring
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Bioscience Division, Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Rosemary Fama
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Bioscience Division, Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Taylor F Levine
- Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Cheshire Hardcastle
- Neuroscience Program, Bioscience Division, Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Ryan Goodcase
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Talora Martin
- Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Varsha Prabhakar
- Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Helen M Brontë-Stewart
- Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.,Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Kathleen L Poston
- Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.,Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Tilman Schulte
- Neuroscience Program, Bioscience Division, Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA.,Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, California, USA
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8
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Jiang X, Tang P-C, Chen Q, Zhang X, Fan Y-Y, Yu BC, Gu X-X, Sun Y, Ge X-Q, Zhang X-L. Cordycepin Exerts Neuroprotective Effects via an Anti-Apoptotic Mechanism based on the Mitochondrial Pathway in a Rotenone-Induced Parkinsonism Rat Model. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:609-620. [PMID: 31486758 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190905152138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cordycepin (Cor), one of the major bioactive components of the traditional Chinese medicine Cordyceps militaris, has been used in clinical practice for several years. However, its neuroprotective effect remains unknown. AIMS The purpose of the study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Cor using a rotenoneinduced Parkinson's Disease (PD) rat model and to delineate the possible associated molecular mechanisms. METHODS In vivo, behavioural tests were performed based on the 10-point scale and grid tests. Levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum and the numbers of TH-positive neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc) were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. In vitro, cell apoptosis rates and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) were analysed by flow cytometry and the mRNA and protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Cytochrome c (Cyt-c), and caspase-3 were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Showed that Cor significantly improved dyskinesia, increased the numbers of TH-positive neurons in the SNpc, and maintained levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum in rotenone- induced PD rats. We also found that apoptosis was suppressed and the loss of MMP was reversed with Cor treatment. Furthermore, Cor markedly down-regulated the expression of Bax, upregulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, inhibited the activation of caspase-3, and decreased the release of Cyt-c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, as compared to those in the rotenone-treated group. CONCLUSION Therefore, Cor protected dopamine neurons against rotenone-induced apoptosis by improving mitochondrial dysfunction in a PD model, demonstrating its therapeutic potential for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,People's Hospital of Baoying, Baoying, 225800, China
| | - Tang P-C
- Shanghai Guobao Enterprise Development Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Guobao Enterprise Development Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fan Y-Y
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Bo-Cheng Yu
- Shanghai Guobao Enterprise Development Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gu X-X
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ge X-Q
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhang X-L
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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9
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Heymann G, Jo YS, Reichard KL, McFarland N, Chavkin C, Palmiter RD, Soden ME, Zweifel LS. Synergy of Distinct Dopamine Projection Populations in Behavioral Reinforcement. Neuron 2020; 105:909-920.e5. [PMID: 31879163 PMCID: PMC7060117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) regulate reward association and motivation. It remains unclear whether there are distinct dopamine populations to mediate these functions. Using mouse genetics, we isolated two populations of dopamine-producing VTA neurons with divergent projections to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and shell. Inhibition of VTA-core-projecting neurons disrupted Pavlovian reward learning, and activation of these cells promoted the acquisition of an instrumental response. VTA-shell-projecting neurons did not regulate Pavlovian reward learning and could not facilitate acquisition of an instrumental response, but their activation could drive robust responding in a previously learned instrumental task. Both populations are activated simultaneously by cues, actions, and rewards, and this co-activation is required for robust reinforcement of behavior. Thus, there are functionally distinct dopamine populations in the VTA for promoting motivation and reward association, which operate on the same timescale to optimize behavioral reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Heymann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yong Sang Jo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kathryn L. Reichard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Naomi McFarland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Charles Chavkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Richard D. Palmiter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marta E. Soden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Larry S. Zweifel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,correspondence:
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10
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Darvas M, Mukherjee K, Lee A, Ladiges W. A Novel One-Day Learning Procedure for Mice. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOUSE BIOLOGY 2020; 10:e68. [PMID: 32096920 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Current preclinical cognitive assessments are highly time intensive, with lengthy assessment procedures. In this regard, a single-day assay that focuses just on assessing learning behavior in a time-effective and relatable manner would be of value. This article describes the box maze as a short-term behavioral procedure to measure learning in mice. The protocol consists of allowing mice to explore an enclosed space that has eight holes. One of these holes leads to a tunnel that connects to an escape cage, and the latency to enter this escape hole is recorded for each mouse. Mice are tested four times within a single day, and the decrease in escape latency over time is used as a measure of learning. Age is a factor that affects escape latency in the box maze. Hence, the box-maze procedure is proposed as an efficient test to probe aging and aging intervention-related research questions. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Darvas
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kishore Mukherjee
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amanda Lee
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Warren Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Kosillo P, Doig NM, Ahmed KM, Agopyan-Miu AHCW, Wong CD, Conyers L, Threlfell S, Magill PJ, Bateup HS. Tsc1-mTORC1 signaling controls striatal dopamine release and cognitive flexibility. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5426. [PMID: 31780742 PMCID: PMC6882901 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in TSC1 or TSC2, which encode proteins that negatively regulate mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). TSC is associated with significant cognitive, psychiatric, and behavioral problems, collectively termed TSC-Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (TAND), and the cell types responsible for these manifestations are largely unknown. Here we use cell type-specific Tsc1 deletion to test whether dopamine neurons, which modulate cognitive, motivational, and affective behaviors, are involved in TAND. We show that loss of Tsc1 and constitutive activation of mTORC1 in dopamine neurons causes somatodendritic hypertrophy, reduces intrinsic excitability, alters axon terminal structure, and impairs striatal dopamine release. These perturbations lead to a selective deficit in cognitive flexibility, preventable by genetic reduction of the mTOR-binding protein Raptor. Our results establish a critical role for Tsc1-mTORC1 signaling in setting the functional properties of dopamine neurons, and indicate that dopaminergic dysfunction may contribute to cognitive inflexibility in TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Kosillo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Natalie M Doig
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Kamran M Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Corinna D Wong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lisa Conyers
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Sarah Threlfell
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Peter J Magill
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TH, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Helen S Bateup
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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12
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McKinley JW, Shi Z, Kawikova I, Hur M, Bamford IJ, Sudarsana Devi SP, Vahedipour A, Darvas M, Bamford NS. Dopamine Deficiency Reduces Striatal Cholinergic Interneuron Function in Models of Parkinson's Disease. Neuron 2019; 103:1056-1072.e6. [PMID: 31324539 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Motor and cognitive functions depend on the coordinated interactions between dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) at striatal synapses. Increased ACh availability was assumed to accompany DA deficiency based on the outcome of pharmacological treatments and measurements in animals that were critically depleted of DA. Using Slc6a3DTR/+ diphtheria-toxin-sensitive mice, we demonstrate that a progressive and L-dopa-responsive DA deficiency reduces ACh availability and the transcription of hyperpolarization-activated cation (HCN) channels that encode the spike timing of ACh-releasing tonically active striatal interneurons (ChIs). Although the production and release of ACh and DA are reduced, the preponderance of ACh over DA contributes to the motor deficit. The increase in striatal ACh relative to DA is heightened via D1-type DA receptors that activate ChIs in response to DA release from residual axons. These results suggest that stabilizing the expression of HCN channels may improve ACh-DA reciprocity and motor function in Parkinson's disease (PD). VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziqing Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ivana Kawikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Matthew Hur
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ian J Bamford
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Annie Vahedipour
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Martin Darvas
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Nigel S Bamford
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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13
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Wang X, Qiao Y, Dai Z, Sui N, Shen F, Zhang J, Liang J. Medium spiny neurons of the anterior dorsomedial striatum mediate reversal learning in a cell-type-dependent manner. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:419-434. [PMID: 30367246 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The striatum has been implicated in the regulation of cognitive flexibility. Abnormalities in the anterior dorsomedial striatum (aDMS) are revealed in many mental disorders in which cognitive inflexibility is commonly observed. However, it remains poorly understood whether the aDMS plays a special role in flexible cognitive control and what the regulation pattern is in different neuronal populations. Based on the reversal learning task in mice, we showed that optogenetic activation in dopamine receptor 1-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1R-MSNs) of the aDMS impaired flexibility; meanwhile, suppressing these neurons facilitated behavioral performance. Conversely, D2R-MSN activation accelerated reversal learning, but it induced no change through neuronal suppression. The acquisition and retention of discrimination learning were unaffected by the manipulation of any type of MSN. Through bi-direct optogenetic modulation in D1R-MSNs of the same subject in a serial reversal learning task, we further revealed the function of D1R-MSNs during different stages of reversal learning, where inhibiting and exciting the same group of neurons reduced perseverative errors and increased regressive errors. Following D1R- and D2R-MSN activation in the aDMS, neuronal activity of the mediodorsal thalamus decreased and increased, respectively, in parallel with behavioral impairment and facilitation, but not as a direct result of the activation of the striatal MSNs. We propose that D1R- and D2R-MSN sub-populations in the aDMS exert opposing functions in cognitive flexibility regulation, with more important and complex roles of D1R-MSNs involved. Mental disorders with cognitive flexibility problems may feature an underlying functional imbalance in the aDMS' two types of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghua Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Loss of glutamate signaling from the thalamus to dorsal striatum impairs motor function and slows the execution of learned behaviors. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2018; 4:23. [PMID: 30083593 PMCID: PMC6072777 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-018-0060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is primarily associated with the degeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons, but it is now appreciated that pathological processes like Lewy-body inclusions and cell loss affect several other brain regions, including the central lateral (CL) and centromedian/parafascicular (CM/PF) thalamic regions. These thalamic glutamatergic neurons provide a non-cortical excitatory input to the dorsal striatum, a major projection field of dopamine neurons. To determine how thalamostriatal signaling may contribute to cognitive and motor abnormalities found in PD, we used a viral vector approach to generate mice with loss of thalamostriatal glutamate signaling specifically restricted to the dorsal striatum (CAV2Cre-Slc17a6lox/lox mice). We measured motor function and behaviors corresponding to cognitive domains (visuospatial function, attention, executive function, and working memory) affected in PD. CAV2Cre-Slc17a6lox/lox mice were impaired in motor coordination tasks such as the rotarod and beam-walk tests compared with controls (CAV2Cre-Slc17a6+/+ mice). They did not demonstrate much cognitive impairment in the Morris water maze or a water U-maze, but had slower processing reaction times in those tests and in a two-way active avoidance task. These mice could model an aspect of bradyphrenia, the slowness of thought that is often seen in patients with PD and other neurological disorders. Mice in which glutamate signaling from the thalamus to dorsal striatum has been genetically inactivated mimic the slowness of thought that is often observed in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The midbrain and striatum are the brain regions that are most affected in PD, however, it is increasingly recognized that cell loss in other areas of the brain also contribute to disease symptoms. Martin Darvas at the University of Washington, Seattle, USA, and colleagues found that disrupting the excitatory input from thalamic projection neurons into the dorsal striatum affected motor coordination and balance in mice. Although these mice did not have significant impairments in spatial learning and memory, they were slower at reacting to cues and executing learned behaviors suggesting that they could be used to test new approaches for treating this specific cognitive symptom of PD.
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15
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Duan Y, Wang Q, Zeng Q, Wang J, Chen Z, Xu M, Duan Y, Zhao Z, Xue Q, Cao X. Striatal GluN2B involved in motor skill learning and stimulus-response learning. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:73-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Atlas of the Striatum and Globus Pallidus in the Tree Shrew: Comparison with Rat and Mouse. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:405-418. [PMID: 29508249 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The striatum and globus pallidus are principal nuclei of the basal ganglia. Nissl- and acetylcholinesterase-stained sections of the tree shrew brain showed the neuroanatomical features of the caudate nucleus (Cd), internal capsule (ic), putamen (Pu), accumbens, internal globus pallidus, and external globus pallidus. The ic separated the dorsal striatum into the Cd and Pu in the tree shrew, but not in rats and mice. In addition, computer-based 3D images allowed a better understanding of the position and orientation of these structures. These data provided a large-scale atlas of the striatum and globus pallidus in the coronal, sagittal, and horizontal planes, the first detailed distribution of parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells in the tree shrew, and the differences in morphological characteristics and density of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons between tree shrew and rat. Our findings support the tree shrew as a potential model for human striatal disorders.
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17
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Fan Z, Qian Y, Lu Q, Wang Y, Chang S, Yang L. DLGAP1 and NMDA receptor-associated postsynaptic density protein genes influence executive function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00914. [PMID: 29484270 PMCID: PMC5822579 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the association of DLGAP1 gene with executive function (EF) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children. Method A total of 763 ADHD children and 140 healthy controls were enrolled. The difference of EF between ADHD and controls was analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with IQ, sex, and age as covariates. Both the associations of SNPs with EF and three symptom traits of ADHD were conducted using an additive linear regression model by PLINK with the same covariates as ANCOVA. Results Compared with controls, children with ADHD showed poorer cognitive flexibility and inhibition. Two SNPs (rs2049161, p-value = 5.08e-7, adjusted p-value = 1.63e-4, rs16946051, p-value = 5.18e-7, adjusted p-value = 1.66e-4) survived multiple tests in Trail Making Test. Both SNPs also showed association with TOH (rs2049161, p = 6.82e-4, rs16946051, p = 7.91e-4). Set-based analysis for gene DLGAP1 and its functional pathway DLGAP1-DLG4-NMDA showed they were associated with cognitive flexibility at both gene (p = .0057) and pathway level (p = .0321). Furthermore, the gene and pathway also showed association with ADHD symptom score. The associated SNPs and their LD proxies were related to the expression of DLGAP1 in medulla and frontal cortex. Conclusion Children with ADHD showed deficit in EF, especially, cognitive flexibility and inhibition. DLGAP1 was associated with cognitive flexibility and plan, and the role of DLGAP1 might be implemented through the complex of DLGAP1-DLG4-NMDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Fan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental HealthMinistry of Health (Peking University)BeijingChina
| | - Ying Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental HealthMinistry of Health (Peking University)BeijingChina
| | - Qing Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental HealthMinistry of Health (Peking University)BeijingChina
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental HealthMinistry of Health (Peking University)BeijingChina
| | - Suhua Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental HealthInstitute of PsychologyBeijingChina
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Li Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental HealthMinistry of Health (Peking University)BeijingChina
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18
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Hypercholesterolemia causes psychomotor abnormalities in mice and alterations in cortico-striatal biogenic amine neurotransmitters: Relevance to Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:15-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Neurochemical arguments for the use of dopamine D 4 receptor stimulation to improve cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 157:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Choi WS, Kim HW, Tronche F, Palmiter RD, Storm DR, Xia Z. Conditional deletion of Ndufs4 in dopaminergic neurons promotes Parkinson's disease-like non-motor symptoms without loss of dopamine neurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44989. [PMID: 28327638 PMCID: PMC5361188 DOI: 10.1038/srep44989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction of mitochondrial complex I activity is one of the major hypotheses for dopaminergic neuron death in Parkinson’s disease. However, reduction of complex I activity in all cells or selectively in dopaminergic neurons via conditional deletion of the Ndufs4 gene, a subunit of the mitochondrial complex I, does not cause dopaminergic neuron death or motor impairment. Here, we investigated the effect of reduced complex I activity on non-motor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease using conditional knockout (cKO) mice in which Ndufs4 was selectively deleted in dopaminergic neurons (Ndufs4 cKO). This conditional deletion of Ndufs4, which reduces complex I activity in dopamine neurons, did not cause a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and there was no loss of dopaminergic neurites in striatum or amygdala. However, Ndufs4 cKO mice had a reduced amount of dopamine in the brain compared to control mice. Furthermore, even though motor behavior were not affected, Ndufs4 cKO mice showed non-motor symptoms experienced by many Parkinson’s disease patients including impaired cognitive function and increased anxiety-like behavior. These data suggest that mitochondrial complex I dysfunction in dopaminergic neurons promotes non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and reduces dopamine content in the absence of dopamine neuron loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Seok Choi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,School of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Natural Sciences, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hyung-Wook Kim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - François Tronche
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_CR18, Neuroscience, Paris-Seine, F-75005, Paris
| | - Richard D Palmiter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel R Storm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zhengui Xia
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Seip-Cammack KM, Young JJ, Young ME, Shapiro ML. Partial lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway in rats impairs egocentric learning but not spatial learning or behavioral flexibility. Behav Neurosci 2017; 131:135-142. [PMID: 28221082 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in Parkinson's disease (PD) causes motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment, but the etiology of the cognitive deficits remains unclear. The present study investigated the behavioral effects of partial lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) pathway. Rats received bilateral infusions of either 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or vehicle into the dorsolateral striatum and were tested in spatial and procedural learning tasks. Compared with intact rats, DA-depleted rats were impaired when the first task they learned required egocentric responses. Intact rats that received prior training on a spatial task were impaired while learning a subsequent body-turn task, suggesting that prior spatial training may compete with egocentric learning in intact but not DA-depleted rats. Spatial discrimination, reversal learning, and switching between allocentric and egocentric strategies were similar in both groups. The results suggest that DA loss that is not associated with gross motor pathology temporarily impairs egocentric, but not allocentric, learning or subsequent behavioral flexibility. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James J Young
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Megan E Young
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
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Cordycepin protects PC12 cells against 6-hydroxydopamine induced neurotoxicity via its antioxidant properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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The impact of biological sex and sex hormones on cognition in a rat model of early, pre-motor Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2016; 345:297-314. [PMID: 27235739 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is well known for motor deficits such as bradykinesia. However, patients often experience additional deficits in working memory, behavioral selection, decision-making and other executive functions. Like other features of PD, the incidence and severity of these cognitive symptoms differ in males and females. However, preclinical models have not been used to systematically investigate the roles that sex or sex hormones may play in these complex signs. To address this, we used a Barnes maze spatial memory paradigm to compare the effects of a bilateral nigrostriatal dopamine lesion model of early PD on cognitive behaviors in adult male and female rats and in adult male rats that were gonadectomized or gonadectomized and supplemented with testosterone or estradiol. We found that dopamine lesions produced deficits in working memory and other executive operations, albeit only in male rats where circulating androgen levels were physiological. In males where androgen levels were depleted, lesions produced no additional Barnes maze deficits and attenuated those previously linked to androgen deprivation. We also found that while most measures of Barnes maze performance were unaffected by dopamine lesions in the females, lesions did induce dramatic shifts from their preferred use of thigmotactic navigation to the use of spatially guided place strategies similar to those normally preferred by males. These and other sex- and sex hormone-specific differences in the effects of nigrostriatal dopamine lesions on executive function highlight the potential of gonadal steroids as protective and/or therapeutic for the cognitive symptoms of PD. However, their complexity also indicates the need for a more thorough understanding of androgen and estrogen effects in guiding the development of hormone therapies that might effectively address these non-motor signs.
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Parikh V, Naughton SX, Yegla B, Guzman DM. Impact of partial dopamine depletion on cognitive flexibility in BDNF heterozygous mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1361-75. [PMID: 26861892 PMCID: PMC4814303 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cognitive flexibility is a key component of executive function and is disrupted in major psychiatric disorders. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exerts neuromodulatory effects on synaptic transmission and cognitive/affective behaviors. However, the causal mechanisms linking BDNF hypofunction with executive deficits are not well understood. OBJECTIVES Here, we assessed the consequences of BDNF hemizygosity on cognitive flexibility in mice performing an operant conditioning task. As dopaminergic-glutamatergic interaction in the striatum is important for cognitive processing, and BDNF heterozygous (BDNF(+/-)) mice display a higher dopamine tone in the dorsal striatum, we also assessed the effects of partial striatal dopamine depletion on task performance and glutamate release. RESULTS BDNF(+/-) mice acquired discrimination learning as well as new rule learning during set-shifting as efficiently as wild-type mice. However, partial removal of striatal dopaminergic inputs with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) impaired these cognitive processes by impeding the maintenance of a new learning strategy in both genotypes. BDNF mutants exhibited performance impairments during reversal learning, and these deficits were associated with increased perseveration to the previously acquired strategy. Partial dopamine depletion of the striatum reversed these cognitive impairments. Additionally, reduction in depolarization-evoked glutamate release noted in the dorsal striatum of BDNF(+/-) mice was not observed in 6-OHDA-infused BDNF mutants indicating normalization of glutamatergic transmission in these animals. CONCLUSIONS Our data illustrate that BDNF signaling regulates cognitive control processes presumably by maintaining striatal dopamine-glutamate balance. Moreover, aberrations in BDNF signaling may act as a common neurobiological substrate that accounts for executive dysfunction observed in multiple psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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25
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Melief EJ, Gibbs JT, Li X, Morgan RG, Keene CD, Montine TJ, Palmiter RD, Darvas M. Characterization of cognitive impairments and neurotransmitter changes in a novel transgenic mouse lacking Slc10a4. Neuroscience 2016; 324:399-406. [PMID: 27001174 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An orphan member of the solute carrier (SLC) family SLC10, SLC10A4 has been found to be enriched in midbrain and brainstem neurons and has been found to co-localize with and to affect dopamine (DA) homeostasis. We generated an SLC10A4 knockout mouse (Slc10a4(Δ/Δ)) using Cre-targeted recombination, and characterized behavioral measures of motor and cognitive function as well as DA and acetylcholine (ACh) levels in midbrain and brainstem. In agreement with previous studies, Slc10a4 mRNA was preferentially expressed in neurons in the brains of wild-type (Slc10a4(+/+)) mice and was enriched in dopaminergic and cholinergic regions. Slc10a4(Δ/Δ) mice had no impairment in motor function or novelty-induced exploratory behaviors but performed significantly worse in measures of spatial memory and cognitive flexibility. Slc10a4(Δ/Δ) mice also did not differ from Slc10a4(+/+) in measures of anxiety. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measures on tissue punches taken from the dorsal and ventral striatum reveal a decrease in DA content and a corresponding increase in the metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), indicating an increase in DA turnover. Punches taken from the brainstem revealed a decrease in ACh as compared with Slc10a4(+/+) littermates. Together, these data indicate that loss of SLC10A4 protein results in neurotransmitter imbalance and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Melief
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, United States
| | - J T Gibbs
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, United States
| | - X Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, United States
| | - R G Morgan
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, United States
| | - C D Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, United States
| | - T J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, United States
| | - R D Palmiter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, United States
| | - M Darvas
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, United States.
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Perez XA. Preclinical Evidence for a Role of the Nicotinic Cholinergic System in Parkinson's Disease. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 25:371-83. [PMID: 26553323 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the primary deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta which leads to striatal dopaminergic deficits that underlie the motor symptoms associated with the disease. A plethora of animal models have been developed over the years to uncover the molecular alterations that lead to PD development. These models have provided valuable information on neurotransmitter pathways and mechanisms involved. One such a system is the nicotinic cholinergic system. Numerous studies show that nigrostriatal damage affects nicotinic receptor-mediated dopaminergic signaling; therefore therapeutic modulation of the nicotinic cholinergic system may offer a novel approach to manage PD. In fact, there is evidence showing that nicotinic receptor drugs may be useful as neuroprotective agents to prevent Parkinson's disease progression. Additional preclinical studies also show that nicotinic receptor drugs may be beneficial for the treatment of L-dopa induced dyskinesias. Here, we review preclinical findings supporting the idea that nicotinic receptors are valuable therapeutic targets for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiomara A Perez
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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Baker PM, Oh SE, Kidder KS, Mizumori SJY. Ongoing behavioral state information signaled in the lateral habenula guides choice flexibility in freely moving rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:295. [PMID: 26582981 PMCID: PMC4631824 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral habenula (LHb) plays a role in a wide variety of behaviors ranging from maternal care, to sleep, to various forms of cognition. One prominent theory with ample supporting evidence is that the LHb serves to relay basal ganglia and limbic signals about negative outcomes to midbrain monoaminergic systems. This makes it likely that the LHb is critically involved in behavioral flexibility as all of these systems have been shown to contribute when flexible behavior is required. Behavioral flexibility is commonly examined across species and is impaired in various neuropsychiatric conditions including autism, depression, addiction, and schizophrenia; conditions in which the LHb is thought to play a role. Therefore, a thorough examination of the role of the LHb in behavioral flexibility serves multiple functions including understanding possible connections with neuropsychiatric illnesses and additional insight into its role in cognition in general. Here, we assess the LHb’s role in behavioral flexibility through comparisons of the roles its afferent and efferent pathways are known to play. Additionally, we provide new evidence supporting the LHb contributions to behavioral flexibility through organization of specific goal directed actions under cognitively demanding conditions. Specifically, in the first experiment, a majority of neurons recorded from the LHb were found to correlate with velocity on a spatial navigation task and did not change significantly when reward outcomes were manipulated. Additionally, measurements of local field potential (LFP) in the theta band revealed significant changes in power relative to velocity and reward location. In a second set of experiments, inactivation of the LHb with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists baclofen and muscimol led to an impairment in a spatial/response based repeated probabilistic reversal learning task. Control experiments revealed that this impairment was likely due to the demands of repeated switching behaviors as rats were unimpaired on initial discrimination acquisition or retention of probabilistic learning. Taken together, these novel findings compliment other work discussed supporting a role for the LHb in action selection when cognitive or emotional demands are increased. Finally, we discuss future mechanisms by which a superior understanding of the LHb can be obtained through additional examination of behavioral flexibility tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sujean E Oh
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevan S Kidder
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
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28
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Pflibsen L, Stang KA, Sconce MD, Wilson VB, Hood RL, Meshul CK, Mitchell SH. Executive function deficits and glutamatergic protein alterations in a progressive 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1849-64. [PMID: 26332770 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Changes in executive function are at the root of most cognitive problems associated with Parkinson's disease. Because dopaminergic treatment does not necessarily alleviate deficits in executive function, it has been hypothesized that dysfunction of neurotransmitters/systems other than dopamine (DA) may be associated with this decrease in cognitive function. We have reported decreases in motor function and dopaminergic/glutamatergic biomarkers in a progressive 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) Parkinson's mouse model. Assessment of executive function and dopaminergic/glutamatergic biomarkers within the limbic circuit has not previously been explored in our model. Our results show progressive behavioral decline in a cued response task (a rodent model for frontal cortex cognitive function) with increasing weekly doses of MPTP. Although within the dorsolateral (DL) striatum mice that had been given MPTP showed a 63% and 83% loss of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter expression, respectively, there were no changes in the nucleus accumbens or medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Furthermore, dopamine-1 receptor and vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT)-1 expression increased in the mPFC following DA loss. There were significant MPTP-induced decreases and increases in VGLUT-1 and VGLUT-2 expression, respectively, within the DL striatum. We propose that the behavioral decline following MPTP treatment may be associated with a change not only in cortical-cortical (VGLUT-1) glutamate function but also in striatal DA and glutamate (VGLUT-1/VGLUT-2) input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey Pflibsen
- Research Services, VA Medical Center/Portland, Portland, Oregon
| | - Katherine A Stang
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Vanessa B Wilson
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Rebecca L Hood
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Charles K Meshul
- Research Services, VA Medical Center/Portland, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Suzanne H Mitchell
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Transcription factors FOXA1 and FOXA2 maintain dopaminergic neuronal properties and control feeding behavior in adult mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E4929-38. [PMID: 26283356 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503911112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons are implicated in cognitive functions, neuropsychiatric disorders, and pathological conditions; hence understanding genes regulating their homeostasis has medical relevance. Transcription factors FOXA1 and FOXA2 (FOXA1/2) are key determinants of mDA neuronal identity during development, but their roles in adult mDA neurons are unknown. We used a conditional knockout strategy to specifically ablate FOXA1/2 in mDA neurons of adult mice. We show that deletion of Foxa1/2 results in down-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of dopamine (DA) biosynthesis, specifically in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). In addition, DA synthesis and striatal DA transmission were reduced after Foxa1/2 deletion. Furthermore, the burst-firing activity characteristic of SNc mDA neurons was drastically reduced in the absence of FOXA1/2. These molecular and functional alterations lead to a severe feeding deficit in adult Foxa1/2 mutant mice, independently of motor control, which could be rescued by L-DOPA treatment. FOXA1/2 therefore control the maintenance of molecular and physiological properties of SNc mDA neurons and impact on feeding behavior in adult mice.
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Dopaminergic Modulation of Striatal Inhibitory Transmission and Long-Term Plasticity. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:789502. [PMID: 26294980 PMCID: PMC4534630 DOI: 10.1155/2015/789502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) modulates glutamatergic synaptic transmission and its plasticity in the striatum; however it is not well known how DA modulates long-term plasticity of striatal GABAergic inhibitory synapses. This work focused on the analysis of both dopaminergic modulation of inhibitory synapses and the synaptic plasticity established between GABAergic afferents to medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Our results showed that low and high DA concentrations mainly reduced the amplitude of inhibitory synaptic response; however detailed analysis of the D1 and D2 participation in this modulation displayed a wide variability in synaptic response. Analyzing DA participation in striatal GABAergic plasticity we observed that high frequency stimulation (HFS) of GABAergic interneurons in the presence of DA at a low concentration (200 nM) favored the expression of inhibitory striatal LTD, whereas higher concentration of DA (20 μM) primarily induced LTP. Interestingly, the plasticity induced in an animal model of striatal degeneration mimicked that induced in the presence of DA at a high concentration, which was not abolished with D2 antagonist but was prevented by PKA blocker.
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31
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Morgan RG, Gibbs JT, Melief EJ, Postupna NO, Sherfield EE, Wilson A, Keene CD, Montine TJ, Palmiter RD, Darvas M. Relative contributions of severe dopaminergic neuron ablation and dopamine depletion to cognitive impairment. Exp Neurol 2015; 271:205-14. [PMID: 26079646 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and produces a movement disorder and cognitive impairment that becomes more extensive with the duration of the disease. To what extent cognitive impairment in advanced PD can be attributed to severe loss of dopamine (DA) signaling is not well understood. Furthermore, it is unclear if the loss of DA neurons contributes to the cognitive impairment caused by the reduction in DA signaling. We generated genetic mouse models with equally severe chronic loss of DA achieved by either extensive ablation of DA neurons or inactivation of DA synthesis from preserved neurons and compared their motor and cognitive performance. Motor behaviors were equally blunted in both models, but we observed that DA neuron ablation caused more severe cognitive deficits than DA depletion. Both models had marked deficits in cue-discrimination learning. Yet, deficits in cue-discrimination learning were more severe in mice with DA neuron ablation and only mice with DA neuron ablation had drastically impaired performance in spatial learning, spatial memory and object memory tests. These results indicate that while a severe reduction in DA signaling results in motor and cognitive impairments, the loss of DA neurons promotes more extensive cognitive deficits and suggest that a loss of additional factors that depend on DA neurons may participate in the progressive cognitive decline found in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Garrett Morgan
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Gibbs
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Erica J Melief
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nadia O Postupna
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Emily E Sherfield
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Angela Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Richard D Palmiter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357350, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357350, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Martin Darvas
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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32
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Bentea E, Van der Perren A, Van Liefferinge J, El Arfani A, Albertini G, Demuyser T, Merckx E, Michotte Y, Smolders I, Baekelandt V, Massie A. Nigral proteasome inhibition in mice leads to motor and non-motor deficits and increased expression of Ser129 phosphorylated α-synuclein. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:68. [PMID: 25873870 PMCID: PMC4379937 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor disturbances. Various pathogenic pathways drive disease progression including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein aggregation and impairment of protein degradation systems. Dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients is believed to be one of the causes of protein aggregation and cell death associated with this disorder. Lactacystin, a potent inhibitor of the proteasome, was previously delivered to the nigrostriatal pathway of rodents to model nigrostriatal degeneration. Although lactacystin-treated animals develop parkinsonian motor impairment, it is currently unknown whether they also develop non-motor symptoms characteristic of this disorder. In order to further describe the proteasome inhibition model of Parkinson's disease, we characterized the unilateral lactacystin model, performed by stereotaxic injection of the toxin in the substantia nigra of mice. We studied the degree of neurodegeneration and the behavioral phenotype 1 and 3 weeks after lactacystin lesion both in terms of motor impairment, as well as non-motor symptoms. We report that unilateral administration of 3 μg lactacystin to the substantia nigra of mice leads to partial (~40%) dopaminergic cell loss and concurrent striatal dopamine depletion, accompanied by increased expression of Ser129-phosphorylated α-synuclein. Behavioral characterization of the model revealed parkinsonian motor impairment, as well as signs of non-motor disturbances resembling early stage Parkinson's disease including sensitive and somatosensory deficits, anxiety-like behavior, and perseverative behavior. The consistent finding of good face validity, together with relevant construct validity, warrant a further evaluation of proteasome inhibition models of Parkinson's disease in pre-clinical research and validation of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Bentea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anke Van der Perren
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joeri Van Liefferinge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anissa El Arfani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulia Albertini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Demuyser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ellen Merckx
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvette Michotte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Massie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
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Dong H, Li R, Yu C, Xu T, Zhang X, Dong M. Paeoniflorin inhibition of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via suppressing reactive oxygen species-mediated PKCδ/NF-κB pathway. Neuroscience 2015; 285:70-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Darvas M, Palmiter RD. Specific contributions of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the dorsal striatum to cognitive flexibility. Neuroscience 2014; 284:934-942. [PMID: 25446363 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral flexibility is known to be mediated by corticostriatal systems and to involve several major neurotransmitter signaling pathways. The current study investigated the effects of inactivation of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate-(NMDA) receptor signaling in the dorsal striatum on behavioral flexibility in mice. NMDA-receptor inactivation was achieved by virus-mediated inactivation of the Grin1 gene, which encodes the essential NR1 subunit of NMDA receptors. To assess behavioral flexibility, we used a water U-maze paradigm in which mice had to shift from an initially acquired rule to a new rule (strategy shifting) or had to reverse an initially learned rule (reversal learning). Inactivation of NMDA-receptors in all neurons of the dorsal striatum did not affect learning of the initial rule or reversal learning, but impaired shifting from one strategy to another. Strategy shifting was also compromised when NMDA-receptors were inactivated only in dynorphin-expressing neurons in the dorsal striatum, which represent the direct pathway. These data suggest that NMDA-receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity in the dorsal striatum contributes to strategy shifting and that striatal projection neurons of the direct pathway are particularly relevant for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Darvas
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, United States.
| | - R D Palmiter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, United States
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Ding X, Qiao Y, Piao C, Zheng X, Liu Z, Liang J. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated glutamate transmission in nucleus accumbens plays a more important role than that in dorsal striatum in cognitive flexibility. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:304. [PMID: 25249952 PMCID: PMC4155776 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility is a critical ability for adapting to an ever-changing environment in humans and animals. Deficits in cognitive flexibility are observed in most schizophrenia patients. Previous studies reported that the medial prefrontal cortex-to-ventral striatum and orbital frontal cortex-to-dorsal striatum circuits play important roles in extra- and intra-dimensional strategy switching, respectively. However, the precise function of striatal subregions in flexible behaviors is still unclear. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are major glutamate receptors in the striatum that receive glutamatergic projections from the frontal cortex. The membrane insertion of Ca2+-permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) depends on NMDAR activation and is required in learning and memory processes. In the present study, we measured set-shifting and reversal learning performance in operant chambers in rats and assessed the effects of blocking NMDARs and Ca2+-permeable AMPARs in striatal subregions on behavioral flexibility. The blockade of NMDARs in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core by AP5 impaired set-shifting ability by causing a failure to modify prior learning. The suppression of NMDAR-mediated transmission in the NAc shell induced a deficit in set-shifting by disrupting the learning and maintenance of novel strategies. During reversal learning, infusions of AP5 into the NAc shell and core impaired the ability to learn and maintain new strategies. However, behavioral flexibility was not significantly affected by blocking NMDARs in the dorsal striatum. We also found that the blockade of Ca2+-permeable AMPARs by NASPM in any subregion of the striatum did not affect strategy switching. These findings suggest that NMDAR-mediated glutamate transmission in the NAc contributes more to cognitive execution compared with the dorsal striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuekun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Chengji Piao
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Xigeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
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