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Favret J, Nawaz MH, Patel M, Khaledi H, Gelb M, Shin D. Perinatal loss of galactosylceramidase in both oligodendrocytes and microglia is crucial for the pathogenesis of Krabbe disease in mice. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2207-2222. [PMID: 38734898 PMCID: PMC11286809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal galactosylceramidase (GALC) is expressed in all brain cells, including oligodendrocytes (OLs), microglia, and astrocytes, although the cell-specific function of GALC is largely unknown. Mutations in GALC cause Krabbe disease (KD), a fatal neurological lysosomal disorder that usually affects infants. To study how Galc ablation in each glial cell type contributes to Krabbe pathogenesis, we used conditional Galc-floxed mice. Here, we found that OL-specific Galc conditional knockout (CKO) in mice results in a phenotype that includes wasting, psychosine accumulation, and neuroinflammation. Microglia- or astrocyte-specific Galc deletion alone in mice did not show specific phenotypes. Interestingly, mice with CKO of Galc from both OLs and microglia have a more severe neuroinflammation with an increase in globoid cell accumulation than OL-specific CKO alone. Moreover, the enhanced phenotype occurred without additional accumulation of psychosine. Further studies revealed that Galc knockout (Galc-KO) microglia cocultured with Galc-KO OLs elicits globoid cell formation and the overexpression of osteopontin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, both proteins that are known to recruit immune cells and promote engulfment of debris and damaged cells. We conclude that OLs are the primary cells that initiate KD with an elevated psychosine level and microglia are required for the progression of neuroinflammation in a psychosine-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Favret
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Mohammed Haseeb Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Mayuri Patel
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Hamid Khaledi
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael Gelb
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daesung Shin
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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2
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Braz SO, Morgado MM, Pereira MI, Monteiro AC, Golonzhka O, Jarpe M, Brites P, Sousa MM, Nogueira-Rodrigues J. HDAC-6 inhibition ameliorates the early neuropathology in a mouse model of Krabbe disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1231659. [PMID: 37588057 PMCID: PMC10426153 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1231659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Krabbe disease (KD), mutations in β-galactosylceramidase (GALC), a lysosomal enzyme responsible for the catabolism of galactolipids, leads to the accumulation of its substrates galactocerebroside and psychosine. This neurologic condition is characterized by a severe and progressive demyelination together with neuron-autonomous defects and degeneration. Twitcher mice mimic the infantile form of KD, which is the most common form of the human disease. The Twitcher CNS and PNS present demyelination, axonal loss and neuronal defects including decreased levels of acetylated tubulin, decreased microtubule stability and impaired axonal transport. Methods We tested whether inhibiting the α-tubulin deacetylase HDAC6 with a specific inhibitor, ACY-738, was able to counteract the early neuropathology and neuronal defects of Twitcher mice. Results Our data show that delivery of ACY-738 corrects the low levels of acetylated tubulin in the Twitcher nervous system. Furthermore, it reverts the loss myelinated axons in the sciatic nerve and in the optic nerve when administered from birth to postnatal day 9, suggesting that the drug holds neuroprotective properties. The extended delivery of ACY-738 to Twitcher mice delayed axonal degeneration in the CNS and ameliorated the general presentation of the disease. ACY-738 was effective in rescuing neuronal defects of Twitcher neurons, stabilizing microtubule dynamics and increasing the axonal transport of mitochondria. Discussion Overall, our results support that ACY-738 has a neuroprotective effect in KD and should be considered as an add-on therapy combined with strategies targeting metabolic correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra O. Braz
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marlene M. Morgado
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta I. Pereira
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Monteiro
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga Golonzhka
- Acetylon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew Jarpe
- Acetylon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pedro Brites
- NeuroLipid Biology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Monica M. Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Nogueira-Rodrigues
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Mechanotransduction Impairment in Primary Fibroblast Model of Krabbe Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030927. [PMID: 36979906 PMCID: PMC10046230 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD) is a genetic disorder caused by the absence of the galactosylceramidase (GALC) functional enzyme. No cure is currently available. Here, we investigate the mechanotransduction process in primary fibroblasts collected from the twitcher mouse, a natural KD murine model. Thanks to mechanotransduction, cells can sense their environment and convert external mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals that result in intracellular changes. In GALC-deficient fibroblasts, we show that focal adhesions (FAs), the protein clusters necessary to adhere and migrate, are increased, and that single-cell migration and wound healing are impaired. We also investigate the involvement of the autophagic process in this framework. We show a dysregulation in the FA turnover: here, the treatment with the autophagy activator rapamycin boosts cell migration and improves the clearance of FAs in GALC-deficient fibroblasts. We propose mechanosensing impairment as a novel potential pathological mechanism in twitcher fibroblasts, and more in general in Krabbe disease.
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Secondary Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Cause of Neurodegenerative Dysfunction in Lysosomal Storage Diseases and an Overview of Potential Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810573. [PMID: 36142486 PMCID: PMC9503973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognised a major contributory factor to the pathophysiology of a number of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). The cause of mitochondrial dysfunction in LSDs is as yet uncertain, but appears to be triggered by a number of different factors, although oxidative stress and impaired mitophagy appear to be common inhibitory mechanisms shared amongst this group of disorders, including Gaucher’s disease, Niemann–Pick disease, type C, and mucopolysaccharidosis. Many LSDs resulting from defects in lysosomal hydrolase activity show neurodegeneration, which remains challenging to treat. Currently available curative therapies are not sufficient to meet patients’ needs. In view of the documented evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in the neurodegeneration of LSDs, along with the reciprocal interaction between the mitochondrion and the lysosome, novel therapeutic strategies that target the impairment in both of these organelles could be considered in the clinical management of the long-term neurodegenerative complications of these diseases. The purpose of this review is to outline the putative mechanisms that may be responsible for the reported mitochondrial dysfunction in LSDs and to discuss the new potential therapeutic developments.
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Solomon M, Loeck M, Silva-Abreu M, Moscoso R, Bautista R, Vigo M, Muro S. Altered blood-brain barrier transport of nanotherapeutics in lysosomal storage diseases. J Control Release 2022; 349:1031-1044. [PMID: 35901858 PMCID: PMC10550198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of neurological lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are limited because of impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to macromolecules. Nanoformulations targeting BBB transcytosis are being explored, but the status of these routes in LSDs is unknown. We studied nanocarriers (NCs) targeted to the transferrin receptor (TfR), ganglioside GM1 or ICAM1, associated to the clathrin, caveolar or cell adhesion molecule (CAM) routes, respectively. We used brain endothelial cells and mouse models of acid sphingomyelinase-deficient Niemann Pick disease (NPD), and postmortem LSD patients' brains, all compared to respective controls. NC transcytosis across brain endothelial cells and brain distribution in mice were affected, yet through different mechanisms. Reduced TfR and clathrin expression were found, along with decreased transcytosis in cells and mouse brain distribution. Caveolin-1 expression and GM1 transcytosis were also reduced, yet increased GM1 levels seemed to compensate, providing similar NC brain distribution in NPD vs. control mice. A tendency to lower NHE-1 levels was seen, but highly increased ICAM1 expression in cells and human brains correlated with increased transcytosis and brain distribution in mice. Thus, transcytosis-related alterations in NPD and likely other LSDs may impact therapeutic access to the brain, illustrating the need for these mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani Solomon
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Maximilian Loeck
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelle Silva-Abreu
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ronaldo Moscoso
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ronelle Bautista
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Marco Vigo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain.
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Brites P, Sousa MM. Neurons contribute to pathology in a mouse model of Krabbe disease in a cell-autonomous manner. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001706. [PMID: 35793314 PMCID: PMC9258894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This Primer explores the implications of a PLOS Biology showing that in vivo, neurons (not only myelinating glia) are primary effectors of disease progression in Krabbe disease; the neuron-specific animal model described allows an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the neuronal-autonomous component of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brites
- Neurolipid Biology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Monica M. Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Kreher C, Favret J, Weinstock NI, Maulik M, Hong X, Gelb MH, Wrabetz L, Feltri ML, Shin D. Neuron-specific ablation of the Krabbe disease gene galactosylceramidase in mice results in neurodegeneration. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001661. [PMID: 35789331 PMCID: PMC9255775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal galactosylceramidase (GALC) enzyme, which results in the accumulation of galactosylceramide (GalCer) and psychosine. In Krabbe disease, the brunt of demyelination and neurodegeneration is believed to result from the dysfunction of myelinating glia. Recent studies have shown that neuronal axons are both structurally and functionally compromised in Krabbe disease, even before demyelination, suggesting a possible neuron-autonomous role of GALC. Using a novel neuron-specific Galc knockout (CKO) model, we show that neuronal Galc deletion is sufficient to cause growth and motor coordination defects and inflammatory gliosis in mice. Furthermore, psychosine accumulates significantly in the nervous system of neuron-specific Galc-CKO. Confocal and electron microscopic analyses show profound neuro-axonal degeneration with a mild effect on myelin structure. Thus, we prove for the first time that neuronal GALC is essential to maintain and protect neuronal function independently of myelin and may directly contribute to the pathogenesis of Krabbe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conlan Kreher
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo—SUNY, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Jacob Favret
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo—SUNY, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Nadav I. Weinstock
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo—SUNY, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo—SUNY, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Malabika Maulik
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo—SUNY, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Xinying Hong
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael H. Gelb
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo—SUNY, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo—SUNY, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo—SUNY, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - M. Laura Feltri
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo—SUNY, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo—SUNY, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo—SUNY, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Daesung Shin
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo—SUNY, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo—SUNY, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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8
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Oliveira Miranda C. Mesenchymal stem cells for lysosomal storage and polyglutamine disorders: Possible shared mechanisms. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13707. [PMID: 34751953 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells' (MSC) therapeutic potential has been investigated for the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases. The fact these cells can mediate a beneficial effect in different neurodegenerative contexts strengthens their competence to target diverse mechanisms. On the other hand, distinct disorders may share similar mechanisms despite having singular neuropathological characteristics. METHODS We have previously shown that MSC can be beneficial for two disorders, one belonging to the groups of Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs) - the Krabbe Disease or Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy, and the other to the family of Polyglutamine diseases (PolyQs) - the Machado-Joseph Disease or Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. We gave also input into disease characterization since neuropathology and MSC's effects are intrinsically associated. This review aims at describing MSC's multimode of action in these disorders while emphasizing to possible mechanistic alterations they must share due to the accumulation of cellular toxic products. RESULTS Lysosomal storage disorders and PolyQs have different aetiology and associated symptoms, but both result from the accumulation of undegradable products inside neuronal cells due to inefficient clearance by the endosomal/lysosomal pathway. Moreover, numerous cellular mechanisms that become compromised latter are also shared by these two disease groups. CONCLUSIONS Here, we emphasize MSC's effect in improving proteostasis and autophagy cycling turnover, neuronal survival, synaptic activity and axonal transport. LSDs and PolyQs, though rare in their predominance, collectively affect many people and require our utmost dedication and efforts to get successful therapies due to their tremendous impact on patient s' lives and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Oliveira Miranda
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Ivanova D, Cousin MA. Synaptic Vesicle Recycling and the Endolysosomal System: A Reappraisal of Form and Function. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:826098. [PMID: 35280702 PMCID: PMC8916035 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.826098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endolysosomal system is present in all cell types. Within these cells, it performs a series of essential roles, such as trafficking and sorting of membrane cargo, intracellular signaling, control of metabolism and degradation. A specific compartment within central neurons, called the presynapse, mediates inter-neuronal communication via the fusion of neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles (SVs). The localized recycling of SVs and their organization into functional pools is widely assumed to be a discrete mechanism, that only intersects with the endolysosomal system at specific points. However, evidence is emerging that molecules essential for endolysosomal function also have key roles within the SV life cycle, suggesting that they form a continuum rather than being isolated processes. In this review, we summarize the evidence for key endolysosomal molecules in SV recycling and propose an alternative model for membrane trafficking at the presynapse. This includes the hypotheses that endolysosomal intermediates represent specific functional SV pools, that sorting of cargo to SVs is mediated via the endolysosomal system and that manipulation of this process can result in both plastic changes to neurotransmitter release and pathophysiology via neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ivanova
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Daniela Ivanova,
| | - Michael A. Cousin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Michael A. Cousin,
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Nasir G, Chopra R, Elwood F, Ahmed SS. Krabbe Disease: Prospects of Finding a Cure Using AAV Gene Therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:760236. [PMID: 34869463 PMCID: PMC8633897 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.760236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe Disease (KD) is an autosomal metabolic disorder that affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is caused by a functional deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme, galactocerebrosidase (GALC), resulting in an accumulation of the toxic metabolite, psychosine. Psychosine accumulation affects many different cellular pathways, leading to severe demyelination. Although there is currently no effective therapy for Krabbe disease, recent gene therapy-based approaches in animal models have indicated a promising outlook for clinical treatment. This review highlights recent findings in the pathogenesis of Krabbe disease, and evaluates AAV-based gene therapy as a promising strategy for treating this devastating pediatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibran Nasir
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Rajiv Chopra
- AllianThera Biopharma, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fiona Elwood
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Seemin S Ahmed
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Cambridge, MA, United States
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11
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Feltri ML, Weinstock NI, Favret J, Dhimal N, Wrabetz L, Shin D. Mechanisms of demyelination and neurodegeneration in globoid cell leukodystrophy. Glia 2021; 69:2309-2331. [PMID: 33851745 PMCID: PMC8502241 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), also known as Krabbe disease, is a lysosomal storage disorder causing extensive demyelination in the central and peripheral nervous systems. GLD is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the lysosomal hydrolase, galactosylceramidase (GALC), which catabolizes the myelin sphingolipid galactosylceramide. The pathophysiology of GLD is complex and reflects the expression of GALC in a number of glial and neural cell types in both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS), as well as leukocytes and kidney in the periphery. Over the years, GLD has garnered a wide range of scientific and medical interests, especially as a model system to study gene therapy and novel preclinical therapeutic approaches to treat the spontaneous murine model for GLD. Here, we review recent findings in the field of Krabbe disease, with particular emphasis on novel aspects of GALC physiology, GLD pathophysiology, and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Nadav I. Weinstock
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jacob Favret
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Biotechnical and Clinical Lab Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Narayan Dhimal
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Daesung Shin
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Biotechnical and Clinical Lab Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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12
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Mangiameli E, Cecchele A, Morena F, Sanvito F, Matafora V, Cattaneo A, Della Volpe L, Gnani D, Paulis M, Susani L, Martino S, Di Micco R, Bachi A, Gritti A. Human iPSC-based neurodevelopmental models of globoid cell leukodystrophy uncover patient- and cell type-specific disease phenotypes. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1478-1495. [PMID: 33989519 PMCID: PMC8190599 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a rare neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease caused by an inherited deficiency of β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC). GLD pathogenesis and therapeutic correction have been poorly studied in patient neural cells. Here, we investigated the impact of GALC deficiency and lentiviral vector-mediated GALC rescue/overexpression in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural progenitors and neuronal/glial progeny obtained from two GLD patients. GLD neural progeny displayed progressive psychosine storage, oligodendroglial and neuronal defects, unbalanced lipid composition, and early activation of cellular senescence, depending on the disease-causing mutation. The partial rescue of the neural differentiation program upon GALC reconstitution and psychosine clearance suggests multiple mechanisms contributing to neural pathology in GLD. Also, the pathological phenotype associated to supraphysiological GALC levels highlights the need of regulated GALC expression for proper human neural commitment/differentiation. These data have important implications for establishing safe therapeutic strategies to enhance disease correction of GLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Mangiameli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Cecchele
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanvito
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Matafora
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Cattaneo
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Della Volpe
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Gnani
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Paulis
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; National Research Council (CNR)-IRGB/UOS of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Susani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; National Research Council (CNR)-IRGB/UOS of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Micco
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Gritti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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13
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Wilson I, Vitelli C, Yu GK, Pacheco G, Vincelette J, Bunting S, Sisó S. Quantitative Assessment of Neuroinflammation, Myelinogenesis, Demyelination, and Nerve Fiber Regeneration in Immunostained Sciatic Nerves From Twitcher Mice With a Tissue Image Analysis Platform. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:950-962. [PMID: 33691530 DOI: 10.1177/0192623321991469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Scoring demyelination and regeneration in hematoxylin and eosin-stained nerves poses a challenge even for the trained pathologist. This article demonstrates how combinatorial multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative digital pathology bring new insights into the peripheral neuropathogenesis of the Twitcher mouse, a model of Krabbe disease. The goal of this investigational study was to integrate modern pathology tools to traditional anatomic pathology microscopy workflows, in order to generate quantitative data in a large number of samples, and aid the understanding of complex disease pathomechanisms. We developed a novel IHC toolkit using a combination of CD68, periaxin-1, phosphorylated neurofilaments and SOX-10 to interrogate inflammation, myelination, axonal size, and Schwann cell counts in sciatic nerves from 17-, 21-, 25-, and 35-day-old wild-type and Twitcher mice using self-customized digital image algorithms. Our quantitative analyses highlight that nerve macrophage infiltration and interstitial expansion are the earliest detectable changes in Twitcher nerves. By 17 days of age, while the diameter of axons is small, the number of myelinated axons is still normal. However, from 21 days onward Twitcher nerves contain 75% of wild-type myelinated nerve fiber numbers despite containing 3 times more Schwann cells. In 35-day-old Twitcher mice when demyelination is detectable, nerve myelination drops to 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Wilson
- Research and Early Development, 10926BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA.,Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA, USA
| | - Cathy Vitelli
- Research and Early Development, 10926BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA
| | - Guoying Karen Yu
- Research and Early Development, 10926BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA
| | - Glenn Pacheco
- Research and Early Development, 10926BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA
| | - Jon Vincelette
- Research and Early Development, 10926BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA
| | - Stuart Bunting
- Research and Early Development, 10926BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA
| | - Sílvia Sisó
- Research and Early Development, 10926BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA.,Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA, USA
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14
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Rebiai R, Givogri MI, Gowrishankar S, Cologna SM, Alford ST, Bongarzone ER. Synaptic Function and Dysfunction in Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:619777. [PMID: 33746713 PMCID: PMC7978225 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.619777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) with neurological involvement are inherited genetic diseases of the metabolism characterized by lysosomal dysfunction and the accumulation of undegraded substrates altering glial and neuronal function. Often, patients with neurological manifestations present with damage to the gray and white matter and irreversible neuronal decline. The use of animal models of LSDs has greatly facilitated studying and identifying potential mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction, including alterations in availability and function of synaptic proteins, modifications of membrane structure, deficits in docking, exocytosis, recycling of synaptic vesicles, and inflammation-mediated remodeling of synapses. Although some extrapolations from findings in adult-onset conditions such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease have been reported, the pathogenetic mechanisms underpinning cognitive deficits in LSDs are still largely unclear. Without being fully inclusive, the goal of this mini-review is to present a discussion on possible mechanisms leading to synaptic dysfunction in LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Rebiai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maria I. Givogri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Swetha Gowrishankar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephania M. Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Simon T. Alford
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ernesto R. Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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15
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Weinstock NI, Kreher C, Favret J, Nguyen D, Bongarzone ER, Wrabetz L, Feltri ML, Shin D. Brainstem development requires galactosylceramidase and is critical for pathogenesis in a model of Krabbe disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5356. [PMID: 33097716 PMCID: PMC7584660 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD) is caused by a deficiency of galactosylceramidase (GALC), which induces demyelination and neurodegeneration due to accumulation of cytotoxic psychosine. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) improves clinical outcomes in KD patients only if delivered pre-symptomatically. Here, we hypothesize that the restricted temporal efficacy of HSCT reflects a requirement for GALC in early brain development. Using a novel Galc floxed allele, we induce ubiquitous GALC ablation (Galc-iKO) at various postnatal timepoints and identify a critical period of vulnerability to GALC ablation between P4-6 in mice. Early Galc-iKO induction causes a worse KD phenotype, higher psychosine levels in the rodent brainstem and spinal cord, and a significantly shorter life-span of the mice. Intriguingly, GALC expression peaks during this critical developmental period in mice. Further analysis of this mouse model reveals a cell autonomous role for GALC in the development and maturation of immature T-box-brain-1 positive brainstem neurons. These data identify a perinatal developmental period, in which neuronal GALC expression influences brainstem development that is critical for KD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav I Weinstock
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Conlan Kreher
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Jacob Favret
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Daesung Shin
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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16
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Lin DS, Ho CS, Huang YW, Wu TY, Lee TH, Huang ZD, Wang TJ, Yang SJ, Chiang MF. Impairment of Proteasome and Autophagy Underlying the Pathogenesis of Leukodystrophy. Cells 2020; 9:E1124. [PMID: 32370022 PMCID: PMC7290671 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS) and autophagy causing cytoplasmic aggregation of ubiquitin andp62 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative disorders, yet, they have not been fully elucidated in leukodystrophies. The relationship among impairment of UPS, autophagy, and globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), one of the most common demyelinating leukodystrophies, is clarified in this study. We examined the ubiquitin and autophagy markers in the brains of twitcher mice, a murine model of infantile GLD, and in human oligodendrocytes incubated with psychosine. Immunohistochemical examinations showed spatiotemporal accumulation of ubiquitin- and p62-aggregates mainly in the white matter of brain and spinal cord at disease progression. Western blot analysis demonstrated a significant accumulation of ubiquitin, p62, and LC3-II in insoluble fraction in parallel with progressive demyelination and neuroinflammation in twitcher brains. In vitro study validated a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity of psychosine upon autophagy and UPS machinery. Inhibition of autophagy and UPS exacerbated the accumulation of insoluble ubiquitin, p62, and LC3-II proteins mediated by psychosine cytotoxicity as well as increased cytoplasmic deposition of ubiquitin- and p62-aggregates, and accumulation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Further, the subsequent accumulation of reactive oxygen species and reduction of mitochondrial respiration led to cell death. Our studies validate the impairment of proteasome and autophagy underlying the pathogenesis of GLD. These findings provide a novel insight into pathogenesis of GLD and suggest a specific pathomechanism as an ideal target for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dar-Shong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
| | - Che-Sheng Ho
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (Y.-W.H.); (T.-Y.W.); (T.-H.L.); (Z.-D.H.); (S.-J.Y.)
| | - Tsu-Yen Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (Y.-W.H.); (T.-Y.W.); (T.-H.L.); (Z.-D.H.); (S.-J.Y.)
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (Y.-W.H.); (T.-Y.W.); (T.-H.L.); (Z.-D.H.); (S.-J.Y.)
| | - Zo-Darr Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (Y.-W.H.); (T.-Y.W.); (T.-H.L.); (Z.-D.H.); (S.-J.Y.)
| | - Tuan-Jen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan;
| | - Shun-Jie Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (Y.-W.H.); (T.-Y.W.); (T.-H.L.); (Z.-D.H.); (S.-J.Y.)
| | - Ming-Fu Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei 11260, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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17
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Neuropathophysiology of Lysosomal Storage Diseases: Synaptic Dysfunction as a Starting Point for Disease Progression. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030616. [PMID: 32106459 PMCID: PMC7141115 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
About two thirds of the patients affected with lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) experience neurological manifestations, such as developmental delay, seizures, or psychiatric problems. In order to develop efficient therapies, it is crucial to understand the neuropathophysiology underlying these symptoms. How exactly lysosomal storage affects biogenesis and function of neurons is still under investigation however recent research highlights a substantial role played by synaptic defects, such as alterations in synaptic spines, synaptic proteins, postsynaptic densities, and synaptic vesicles that might lead to functional impairments in synaptic transmission and neurodegeneration, finally culminating in massive neuronal death and manifestation of cognitive symptoms. Unveiling how the synaptic components are affected in neurological LSD will thus enable a better understanding of the complexity of disease progression as well as identify crucial targets of therapeutic relevance and optimal time windows for targeted intervention.
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18
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Landi C, Luddi A, Bianchi L, Pannuzzo G, Pavone V, Piomboni P, Bini L. Proteostasis network alteration in lysosomal storage disorders: Insights from the mouse model of Krabbe disease. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:718-733. [PMID: 31797419 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In Krabbe disease, a mutation in GALC gene causes widespread demyelination determining cell death by apoptosis, mainly in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Less is known on the molecular mechanisms induced by this deficiency. Here, we report an impairment in protein synthesis and degradation and in proteasomal clearance with a potential accumulation of the misfolded proteins and induction of the endoplasmic reticulum stress in the brain of 6-day-old twitcher mice (TM) (model of Krabbe disease). In particular, an imbalance of the immunoproteasome function was highlighted, useful for shaping adaptive immune response by neurological cells. Moreover, our data show an involvement of cytoskeleton remodeling in Krabbe pathogenesis, with a lamin meshwork disaggregation in twitcher oligodendrocytes in 6-day-old TM. This study provides interesting protein targets and mechanistic insight on the early onset of Krabbe disease that may be promising options to be tested in combination with currently available therapies to rescue Krabbe phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Landi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Pavone
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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19
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Pellegrini D, Del Grosso A, Angella L, Giordano N, Dilillo M, Tonazzini I, Caleo M, Cecchini M, McDonnell LA. Quantitative Microproteomics Based Characterization of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System of a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1227-1241. [PMID: 30926673 PMCID: PMC6553931 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease is a rare, childhood lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase (GALC). The major effect of GALC deficiency is the accumulation of psychosine in the nervous system and widespread degeneration of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, causing rapid demyelination. The molecular mechanisms of Krabbe disease are not yet fully elucidated and a definite cure is still missing. Here we report the first in-depth characterization of the proteome of the Twitcher mouse, a spontaneous mouse model of Krabbe disease, to investigate the proteome changes in the Central and Peripheral Nervous System. We applied a TMT-based workflow to compare the proteomes of the corpus callosum, motor cortex and sciatic nerves of littermate homozygous Twitcher and wild-type mice. More than 400 protein groups exhibited differences in expression and included proteins involved in pathways that can be linked to Krabbe disease, such as inflammatory and defense response, lysosomal proteins accumulation, demyelination, reduced nervous system development and cell adhesion. These findings provide new insights on the molecular mechanisms of Krabbe disease, representing a starting point for future functional experiments to study the molecular pathogenesis of Krabbe disease. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010594.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pellegrini
- From ‡NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy
- §Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, 56107 San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ambra Del Grosso
- From ‡NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy
- ¶NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Marialaura Dilillo
- §Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, 56107 San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Cecchini
- From ‡NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy
- ¶NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liam A McDonnell
- §Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, 56107 San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy;
- **Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Sural-Fehr T, Singh H, Cantuti-Catelvetri L, Zhu H, Marshall MS, Rebiai R, Jastrzebski MJ, Givogri MI, Rasenick MM, Bongarzone ER. Inhibition of the IGF-1-PI3K-Akt-mTORC2 pathway in lipid rafts increases neuronal vulnerability in a genetic lysosomal glycosphingolipidosis. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm036590. [PMID: 31036560 PMCID: PMC6550048 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipid (GSL) accumulation is implicated in the neuropathology of several lysosomal conditions, such as Krabbe disease, and may also contribute to neuronal and glial dysfunction in adult-onset conditions such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. GSLs accumulate in cellular membranes and disrupt their structure; however, how membrane disruption leads to cellular dysfunction remains unknown. Using authentic cellular and animal models for Krabbe disease, we provide a mechanism explaining the inactivation of lipid raft (LR)-associated IGF-1-PI3K-Akt-mTORC2, a pathway of crucial importance for neuronal function and survival. We show that psychosine, the GSL that accumulates in Krabbe disease, leads to a dose-dependent LR-mediated inhibition of this pathway by uncoupling IGF-1 receptor phosphorylation from downstream Akt activation. This occurs by interfering with the recruitment of PI3K and mTORC2 to LRs. Akt inhibition can be reversed by sustained IGF-1 stimulation, but only during a time window before psychosine accumulation reaches a threshold level. Our study shows a previously unknown connection between LR-dependent regulation of mTORC2 activity at the cell surface and a genetic neurodegenerative disease. Our results show that LR disruption by psychosine desensitizes cells to extracellular growth factors by inhibiting signal transmission from the plasma membrane to intracellular compartments. This mechanism serves also as a mechanistic model to understand how alterations of the membrane architecture by the progressive accumulation of lipids undermines cell function, with potential implications in other genetic sphingolipidoses and adult neurodegenerative conditions. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Sural-Fehr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Hongling Zhu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Michael S Marshall
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rima Rebiai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Martin J Jastrzebski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Maria I Givogri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mark M Rasenick
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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21
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Manthe RL, Rappaport JA, Long Y, Solomon M, Veluvolu V, Hildreth M, Gugutkov D, Marugan J, Zheng W, Muro S. δ-Tocopherol Effect on Endocytosis and Its Combination with Enzyme Replacement Therapy for Lysosomal Disorders: A New Type of Drug Interaction? J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:823-833. [PMID: 31101681 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.257345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of lysosomal exocytosis alleviates lysosomal storage of undigested metabolites in cell models of lysosomal disorders (LDs). However, whether this strategy affects other vesicular compartments, e.g., those involved in endocytosis, is unknown. This is important both to predict side effects and to use this strategy in combination with therapies that require endocytosis for intracellular delivery, such as lysosomal enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). We investigated this using δ-tocopherol as a model previously shown to induce lysosomal exocytosis and cell models of type A Niemann-Pick disease, a LD characterized by acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) deficiency and sphingomyelin storage. δ-Tocopherol and derivative CF3-T reduced net accumulation of fluid phase, ligands, and polymer particles via phagocytic, caveolae-, clathrin-, and cell adhesion molecule (CAM)-mediated pathways, yet the latter route was less affected due to receptor overexpression. In agreement, δ-tocopherol lowered uptake of recombinant ASM by deficient cells (known to occur via the clathrin pathway) and via targeting intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (associated to the CAM pathway). However, the net enzyme activity delivered and lysosomal storage attenuation were greater via the latter route. Data suggest stimulation of exocytosis by tocopherols is not specific of lysosomes and affects endocytic cargo. However, this effect was transient and became unnoticeable several hours after tocopherol removal. Therefore, induction of exocytosis in combination with therapies requiring endocytic uptake, such as ERT, may represent a new type of drug interaction, yet this strategy could be valuable if properly timed for minimal interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Manthe
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering (R.L.M., J.A.R., V.V., M.H.) and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (M.S., S.M.), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.L., J.M., W.Z.); Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain (D.G., S.M.); and Institution of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (S.M.)
| | - Jeffrey A Rappaport
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering (R.L.M., J.A.R., V.V., M.H.) and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (M.S., S.M.), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.L., J.M., W.Z.); Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain (D.G., S.M.); and Institution of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (S.M.)
| | - Yan Long
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering (R.L.M., J.A.R., V.V., M.H.) and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (M.S., S.M.), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.L., J.M., W.Z.); Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain (D.G., S.M.); and Institution of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (S.M.)
| | - Melani Solomon
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering (R.L.M., J.A.R., V.V., M.H.) and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (M.S., S.M.), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.L., J.M., W.Z.); Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain (D.G., S.M.); and Institution of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (S.M.)
| | - Vinay Veluvolu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering (R.L.M., J.A.R., V.V., M.H.) and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (M.S., S.M.), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.L., J.M., W.Z.); Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain (D.G., S.M.); and Institution of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (S.M.)
| | - Michael Hildreth
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering (R.L.M., J.A.R., V.V., M.H.) and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (M.S., S.M.), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.L., J.M., W.Z.); Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain (D.G., S.M.); and Institution of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (S.M.)
| | - Dencho Gugutkov
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering (R.L.M., J.A.R., V.V., M.H.) and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (M.S., S.M.), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.L., J.M., W.Z.); Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain (D.G., S.M.); and Institution of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (S.M.)
| | - Juan Marugan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering (R.L.M., J.A.R., V.V., M.H.) and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (M.S., S.M.), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.L., J.M., W.Z.); Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain (D.G., S.M.); and Institution of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (S.M.)
| | - Wei Zheng
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering (R.L.M., J.A.R., V.V., M.H.) and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (M.S., S.M.), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.L., J.M., W.Z.); Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain (D.G., S.M.); and Institution of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Muro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering (R.L.M., J.A.R., V.V., M.H.) and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (M.S., S.M.), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.L., J.M., W.Z.); Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain (D.G., S.M.); and Institution of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (S.M.)
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22
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Inamura N, Kito M, Go S, Kishi S, Hosokawa M, Asai K, Takakura N, Takebayashi H, Matsuda J, Enokido Y. Developmental defects and aberrant accumulation of endogenous psychosine in oligodendrocytes in a murine model of Krabbe disease. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 120:51-62. [PMID: 30176352 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD), or globoid cell leukodystrophy, is an inherited lysosomal storage disease with leukodystrophy caused by a mutation in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene. The majority of patients show the early onset form of KD dominated by cerebral demyelination with apoptotic oligodendrocyte (OL) death. However, the initial pathophysiological changes in developing OLs remain poorly understood. Here, we show that OLs of twitcher mice, an authentic mouse model of KD, exhibited developmental defects and impaired myelin formation in vivo and in vitro. In twitcher mouse brain, abnormal myelination and reduced expression of myelin genes during the period of most active OL differentiation and myelination preceded subsequent progressive OL death and demyelination. Importantly, twitcher mouse OL precursor cells proliferated normally, but their differentiation and survival were intrinsically defective. These defects were associated with aberrant accumulation of endogenous psychosine (galactosylsphingosine) and reduced activation of the Erk1/2 and Akt/mTOR pathways before apoptotic cell death. Collectively, our results demonstrate that GALC deficiency in developing KD OLs profoundly affects their differentiation and maturation, indicating the critical contribution of OL dysfunction to KD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Inamura
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan
| | - Momoko Kito
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University School of Medicine, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shinji Go
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kishi
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan
| | - Masanori Hosokawa
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Asai
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University School of Medicine, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takakura
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Science, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yasushi Enokido
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan.
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23
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Klein AD, Mazzulli JR. Is Parkinson's disease a lysosomal disorder? Brain 2018; 141:2255-2262. [PMID: 29860491 PMCID: PMC6061679 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Common forms of Parkinson's disease have long been described as idiopathic, with no single penetrant genetic factor capable of influencing disease aetiology. Recent genetic studies indicate a clear association of variants within several lysosomal genes as risk factors for idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The emergence of novel variants suggest that the aetiology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease may be explained by the interaction of several partially penetrant mutations that, while seemingly complex, all appear to converge on cellular clearance pathways. These newly evolving data are consistent with mechanistic studies linking α-synuclein toxicity to lysosomal abnormalities, and indicate that idiopathic Parkinson's disease resembles features of Mendelian lysosomal storage disorders at a genetic and biochemical level. These findings offer novel pathways to exploit for the development of disease-altering therapies for idiopathic Parkinson's disease that target specific components of the lysosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés D Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Las Condes 12461, Santiago 7590943, Chile
| | - Joseph R Mazzulli
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 12-369, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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24
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Muro S. Alterations in Cellular Processes Involving Vesicular Trafficking and Implications in Drug Delivery. Biomimetics (Basel) 2018; 3:biomimetics3030019. [PMID: 31105241 PMCID: PMC6352689 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics3030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis and vesicular trafficking are cellular processes that regulate numerous functions required to sustain life. From a translational perspective, they offer avenues to improve the access of therapeutic drugs across cellular barriers that separate body compartments and into diseased cells. However, the fact that many factors have the potential to alter these routes, impacting our ability to effectively exploit them, is often overlooked. Altered vesicular transport may arise from the molecular defects underlying the pathological syndrome which we aim to treat, the activity of the drugs being used, or side effects derived from the drug carriers employed. In addition, most cellular models currently available do not properly reflect key physiological parameters of the biological environment in the body, hindering translational progress. This article offers a critical overview of these topics, discussing current achievements, limitations and future perspectives on the use of vesicular transport for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Frati G, Luciani M, Meneghini V, De Cicco S, Ståhlman M, Blomqvist M, Grossi S, Filocamo M, Morena F, Menegon A, Martino S, Gritti A. Human iPSC-based models highlight defective glial and neuronal differentiation from neural progenitor cells in metachromatic leukodystrophy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:698. [PMID: 29899471 PMCID: PMC5997994 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathological cascade leading from primary storage to neural cell dysfunction and death in metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) has been poorly elucidated in human-derived neural cell systems. In the present study, we have modeled the progression of pathological events during the differentiation of patient-specific iPSCs to neuroepithelial progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) and mature neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes at the morphological, molecular, and biochemical level. We showed significant sulfatide accumulation and altered sulfatide composition during the differentiation of MLD iPSC-NPCs into neuronal and glial cells. Changes in sulfatide levels and composition were accompanied by the expansion of the lysosomal compartment, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The neuronal and glial differentiation capacity of MLD iPSC-NPCs was significantly impaired. We showed delayed appearance and/or reduced levels of oligodendroglial and astroglial markers as well as reduced number of neurons and disorganized neuronal network. Restoration of a functional Arylsulfatase A (ARSA) enzyme in MLD cells using lentiviral-mediated gene transfer normalized sulfatide levels and composition, globally rescuing the pathological phenotype. Our study points to MLD iPSC-derived neural progeny as a useful in vitro model to assess the impact of ARSA deficiency along NPC differentiation into neurons and glial cells. In addition, iPSC-derived neural cultures allowed testing the impact of ARSA reconstitution/overexpression on disease correction and, importantly, on the biology and functional features of human NPCs, with important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Frati
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Luciani
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Vasco Meneghini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy.,Institute Imagine, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Silvia De Cicco
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Otfried-Müller Str.23, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41101, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Blomqvist
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-41101, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Serena Grossi
- UOSD Centro di diagnostica genetica e biochimica delle malattie metaboliche, IRCCS G. Gaslini Institute, Via G. Gaslini, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Mirella Filocamo
- UOSD Centro di diagnostica genetica e biochimica delle malattie metaboliche, IRCCS G. Gaslini Institute, Via G. Gaslini, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Menegon
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Gritti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy.
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26
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Marshall MS, Issa Y, Jakubauskas B, Stoskute M, Elackattu V, Marshall JN, Bogue W, Nguyen D, Hauck Z, Rue E, Karumuthil-Melethil S, Zaric V, Bosland M, van Breemen RB, Givogri MI, Gray SJ, Crocker SJ, Bongarzone ER. Long-Term Improvement of Neurological Signs and Metabolic Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Krabbe's Disease after Global Gene Therapy. Mol Ther 2018; 26:874-889. [PMID: 29433937 PMCID: PMC5910889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a global adeno-associated virus (AAV)9-based gene therapy protocol to deliver therapeutic galactosylceramidase (GALC), a lysosomal enzyme that is deficient in Krabbe's disease. When globally administered via intrathecal, intracranial, and intravenous injections to newborn mice affected with GALC deficiency (twitcher mice), this approach largely surpassed prior published benchmarks of survival and metabolic correction, showing long-term protection of demyelination, neuroinflammation, and motor function. Bone marrow transplantation, performed in this protocol without immunosuppressive preconditioning, added minimal benefits to the AAV9 gene therapy. Contrasting with other proposed pre-clinical therapies, these results demonstrate that achieving nearly complete correction of GALC's metabolic deficiencies across the entire nervous system via gene therapy can have a significant improvement to behavioral deficits, pathophysiological changes, and survival. These results are an important consideration for determining the safest and most effective manner for adapting gene therapy to treat this leukodystrophy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Marshall
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yazan Issa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benas Jakubauskas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Monika Stoskute
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vince Elackattu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Marshall
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wil Bogue
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zane Hauck
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily Rue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Violeta Zaric
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maarten Bosland
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria I Givogri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven J Gray
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen J Crocker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1053 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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27
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Lim SM, Choi BO, Oh SI, Choi WJ, Oh KW, Nahm M, Xue Y, Choi JH, Choi JY, Kim YE, Chung KW, Fu XD, Ki CS, Kim SH. Patient fibroblasts-derived induced neurons demonstrate autonomous neuronal defects in adult-onset Krabbe disease. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74496-74509. [PMID: 27780934 PMCID: PMC5342682 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by defective β-galactosylceramidase (GALC), a lysosomal enzyme responsible for cleavage of several key substrates including psychosine. Accumulation of psychosine to the cytotoxic levels in KD patients is thought to cause dysfunctions in myelinating glial cells based on a comprehensive study of demyelination in KD. However, recent evidence suggests myelin-independent neuronal death in the murine model of KD, thus indicating defective GALC in neurons as an autonomous mechanism for neuronal cell death in KD. These observations prompted us to generate induced neurons (iNeurons) from two adult-onset KD patients carrying compound heterozygous mutations (p.[K563*];[L634S]) and (p.[N228_S232delinsTP];[G286D]) to determine the direct contribution of autonomous neuronal toxicity to KD. Here we report that directly converted KD iNeurons showed not only diminished GALC activity and increased psychosine levels, as expected, but also neurite fragmentation and abnormal neuritic branching. The lysosomal-associated membrane proteins 1 (LAMP1) was expressed at higher levels than controls, LAMP1-positive vesicles were significantly enlarged and fragmented, and mitochondrial morphology and its function were altered in KD iNeurons. Strikingly, we demonstrated that psychosine was sufficient to induce neurite defects, mitochondrial fragmentation, and lysosomal alterations in iNeurons derived in healthy individuals, thus establishing the causal effect of the cytotoxic GALC substrate in KD and the autonomous neuronal toxicity in KD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Lim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Il Oh
- Department of Neurology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Choi
- Department of Neurology, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ki-Wook Oh
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyeop Nahm
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuanchao Xue
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jae Hyeok Choi
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Choi
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Gongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang-Dong Fu
- Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Spassieva S, Bieberich E. Lysosphingolipids and sphingolipidoses: Psychosine in Krabbe's disease. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:974-81. [PMID: 27638582 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, lipids were considered inert building blocks of cellular membranes. This changed three decades ago when lipids were found to regulate cell polarity and vesicle transport, and the "lipid raft" concept took shape. The lipid-driven membrane anisotropy in form of "rafts" that associate with proteins led to the view that organized complexes of lipids and proteins regulate various cell functions. Disturbance of this organization can lead to cellular, tissue, and organ malfunction. Sphingolipidoses, lysosomal storage diseases that are caused by enzyme deficiencies in the sphingolipid degradation pathway, were found to be particularly detrimental to the brain. These enzyme deficiencies result in accumulation of sphingolipid metabolites in lysosomes, although it is not yet clear how this accumulation affects the organization of lipids in cellular membranes. Krabbe's disease (KD), or globoid cell leukodystrophy, was one of the first sphingolipidosis for which the raft concept offered a potential mechanism. KD is caused by mutations in the enzyme β-galactocerebrosidase; however, elevation of its substrate, galactosylceramide, is not observed or considered detrimental. Instead, it was found that a byproduct of galactosylceramide metabolism, the lysosphingolipid psychosine, is accumulated. The "psychosine hypothesis" has been refined by showing that psychosine disrupts lipid rafts and vesicular transport critical for the function of glia and neurons. The role of psychosine in KD is an example of how the disruption of sphingolipid metabolism can lead to elevation of a toxic lysosphingolipid, resulting in disruption of cellular membrane organization and neurotoxicity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefka Spassieva
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Geogia.
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29
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Ricca A, Gritti A. Perspective on innovative therapies for globoid cell leukodystrophy. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:1304-17. [PMID: 27638612 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), or Krabbe's disease, is a lysosomal storage disorder resulting from deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase galactosylceramidase. The infantile forms are characterized by a unique relentless and aggressive progression with a wide range of neurological symptoms and complications. Here we review and discuss the basic concepts and the novel mechanisms identified as key contributors to the peculiar GLD pathology, highlighting their therapeutic implications. Then, we evaluate evidence from extensive experimental studies on GLD animal models that have highlighted fundamental requirements to obtain substantial therapeutic benefit, including early and timely intervention, high levels of enzymatic reconstitution, and global targeting of affected tissues. Continuous efforts in understanding GLD pathophysiology, the interplay between various therapies, and the mechanisms of disease correction upon intervention may allow advancing research with innovative approaches and prioritizing treatment strategies to develop more efficacious treatments. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ricca
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Gritti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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30
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Cantuti-Castelvetri L, Bongarzone ER. Synaptic failure: The achilles tendon of sphingolipidoses. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:1031-6. [PMID: 27638588 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The presence of life-threatening neurological symptoms in more than two-thirds of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) underscores how vulnerable the nervous system is to lysosomal failure. Neurological dysfunction in LSDs has historically been attributed to the disruption of neuronal and glial homeostasis resulting from the progressive jamming of the endosomal/lysosomal pathway. In neurons, a dysfunctional endosomal-lysosomal system can elicit dire consequences. Given that neurons are largely postmitotic after birth, one can clearly understand that the inability of these cells to proliferate obliterates any possibility of diluting stored lysosomal material by means of cellular division. At its most advanced stage, this situation constitutes a terminal factor in neuronal life, resulting in cell death. However, synaptic deficits in the absence of classical neuronal cell death appear to be common features during the early stages in many LSDs, particularly sphingolipidoses. In essence, failure of synapses to convey their messages, even without major structural damage to the neuronal bodies, is a form of physiological death. This concept of dying-back neuropathology is highly relevant not only for understanding the dynamics of the neurological decline in these diseases, but, more importantly; it might also constitute an important target for molecular therapies to protect perhaps the "Achilles" point in the entire physiological architecture of the brain, thus avoiding an irreversible journey to neuronal demise. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Cantuti-Castelvetri
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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31
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Sural-Fehr T, Bongarzone ER. How membrane dysfunction influences neuronal survival pathways in sphingolipid storage disorders. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:1042-8. [PMID: 27638590 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipidoses are a class of inherited diseases that result from the toxic accumulation of undigested sphingolipids in lysosomes and other cellular membranes. Sphingolipids are particularly enriched in cells of the nervous system, and their excessive accumulation during disease has a significant impact on the nervous system. Neuronal dysfunction followed by neurological compromise is a common feature in many of these diseases; however, the underlying mechanisms that cause vulnerability of neurons are not fully understood. The plasma membrane plays a critical role in regulating cellular survival pathways, and its dysfunction has been implicated in neuronal failure in various adult-onset neuropathies. In the context of sphingolipidoses, we hypothesize that gradual accumulation of undigested lipids in plasma membranes causes local disruptions in lipid raft domains, leading to deregulation of multiple signaling pathways important for neuronal survival and function. We propose that defects in downstream signaling as a result of membrane dysfunction are common mechanisms underlying neuronal vulnerability in sphingolipid storage disorders with neurological compromise. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Sural-Fehr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Solomon M, Muro S. Lysosomal enzyme replacement therapies: Historical development, clinical outcomes, and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 118:109-134. [PMID: 28502768 PMCID: PMC5828774 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes and lysosomal enzymes play a central role in numerous cellular processes, including cellular nutrition, recycling, signaling, defense, and cell death. Genetic deficiencies of lysosomal components, most commonly enzymes, are known as "lysosomal storage disorders" or "lysosomal diseases" (LDs) and lead to lysosomal dysfunction. LDs broadly affect peripheral organs and the central nervous system (CNS), debilitating patients and frequently causing fatality. Among other approaches, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has advanced to the clinic and represents a beneficial strategy for 8 out of the 50-60 known LDs. However, despite its value, current ERT suffers from several shortcomings, including various side effects, development of "resistance", and suboptimal delivery throughout the body, particularly to the CNS, lowering the therapeutic outcome and precluding the use of this strategy for a majority of LDs. This review offers an overview of the biomedical causes of LDs, their socio-medical relevance, treatment modalities and caveats, experimental alternatives, and future treatment perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani Solomon
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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de Vito G, Cappello V, Tonazzini I, Cecchini M, Piazza V. RP-CARS reveals molecular spatial order anomalies in myelin of an animal model of Krabbe disease. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:385-393. [PMID: 26990139 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD) is a rare demyelinating sphingolipidosis, often fatal in the first years of life. It is caused by the inactivation of the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) enzyme that causes an increase in the cellular levels of psychosine considered to be at the origin of the tissue-level effects. GALC is inactivated also in the Twitcher (TWI) mouse: a genetic model of KD that is providing important insights into the understating of the pathogenetic process and the development of possible treatments. In this article an innovative optical technique, RP-CARS, is proposed as a tool to study the degree of order of the CH2 bonds inside the myelin sheaths of TWI-mice sciatic-nerve fibres. RP-CARS, a recently developed variation of CARS microscopy, is able to combine the intrinsic chemical selectivity of CARS microscopy with molecular-bond-spatial-orientation sensibility. This is the first time RP-CARS is applied to the study of a genetic model of a pathology, leading to the demonstration of a post-onset progressive spatial disorganization of the myelin CH2 bonds. The presented result could be of great interest for a deeper understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the human KD and, moreover, it is an additional proof of the experimental validity of this microscopy technique. RP-CARS image (2850 cm-1 , CH2 bonds) of a sciatic-nerve optical longitudinal section from a Twitcher P23 (symptomatic) mouse. Scale bar: 10 microns. The image was constructed by colour-mapping the degree of molecular order of the CH2 bonds inside the myelin walls, as displayed in the colour bar on the right.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe de Vito
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tonazzini
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, I-56127, Italy
| | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, I-56127, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Piazza
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
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Lysosomal Re-acidification Prevents Lysosphingolipid-Induced Lysosomal Impairment and Cellular Toxicity. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002583. [PMID: 27977664 PMCID: PMC5169359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are severe and untreatable, and mechanisms underlying cellular dysfunction are poorly understood. We found that toxic lipids relevant to three different LSDs disrupt multiple lysosomal and other cellular functions. Unbiased drug discovery revealed several structurally distinct protective compounds, approved for other uses, that prevent lysosomal and cellular toxicities of these lipids. Toxic lipids and protective agents show unexpected convergence on control of lysosomal pH and re-acidification as a critical component of toxicity and protection. In twitcher mice (a model of Krabbe disease [KD]), a central nervous system (CNS)-penetrant protective agent rescued myelin and oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitors, improved motor behavior, and extended lifespan. Our studies reveal shared principles relevant to several LSDs, in which diverse cellular and biochemical disruptions appear to be secondary to disruption of lysosomal pH regulation by specific lipids. These studies also provide novel protective strategies that confer therapeutic benefits in a mouse model of a severe LSD.
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Cappello V, Marchetti L, Parlanti P, Landi S, Tonazzini I, Cecchini M, Piazza V, Gemmi M. Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:1. [PMID: 28442746 PMCID: PMC5431369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-016-0001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6455] [Impact Index Per Article: 806.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the lack of β- galactosylceramidase enzymatic activity and by widespread accumulation of the cytotoxic galactosyl-sphingosine in neuronal, myelinating and endothelial cells. Despite the wide use of Twitcher mice as experimental model for KD, the ultrastructure of this model is partial and mainly addressing peripheral nerves. More details are requested to elucidate the basis of the motor defects, which are the first to appear during KD onset. Here we use transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to focus on the alterations produced by KD in the lower motor system at postnatal day 15 (P15), a nearly asymptomatic stage, and in the juvenile P30 mouse. We find mild effects on motorneuron soma, severe ones on sciatic nerves and very severe effects on nerve terminals and neuromuscular junctions at P30, with peripheral damage being already detectable at P15. Finally, we find that the gastrocnemius muscle undergoes atrophy and structural changes that are independent of denervation at P15. Our data further characterize the ultrastructural analysis of the KD mouse model, and support recent theories of a dying-back mechanism for neuronal degeneration, which is independent of demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cappello
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro, 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro, 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Parlanti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro, 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Landi
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tonazzini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Veronesi, Piazza Velasca 5, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Piazza
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro, 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza San Silvestro, 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
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Mikulka CR, Sands MS. Treatment for Krabbe's disease: Finding the combination. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:1126-37. [PMID: 27638598 PMCID: PMC5295787 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme galactocerebrosidase (GALC). GALC is responsible for catabolism of certain glycolipids, including the toxic compound galactosylsphingosine (psychosine). Histological signs of disease include the widespread loss of myelin in the central and peripheral nervous systems, profound neruroinflammation, and axonal degeneration. Patients suffering from GLD also display neurological deterioration. Many different individual therapies have been investigated in the murine model of the GLD, the Twitcher mouse, with minimal success. The current standard of care for GLD patients, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, serves only to delay disease progression and is not an effective cure. However, combination therapies that target different pathogenic mechanisms/pathways have been more effective at reducing histological signs of disease, delaying disease onset, prolonging life span, and improving behavioral/cognitive functions in rodent models of Krabbe's disease. In some cases, dramatic synergy between the various therapies has been observed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Mikulka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark S Sands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Nogueira-Rodrigues J, Brites P, Sousa MM. Axonal pathology in Krabbe's disease: The cytoskeleton as an emerging therapeutic target. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:1037-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Nogueira-Rodrigues
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Pedro Brites
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Mónica Mendes Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
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Duncan ID, Radcliff AB. Inherited and acquired disorders of myelin: The underlying myelin pathology. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:452-75. [PMID: 27068622 PMCID: PMC5010953 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Remyelination is a major therapeutic goal in human myelin disorders, serving to restore function to demyelinated axons and providing neuroprotection. The target disorders that might be amenable to the promotion of this repair process are diverse and increasing in number. They range primarily from those of genetic, inflammatory to toxic origin. In order to apply remyelinating strategies to these disorders, it is essential to know whether the myelin damage results from a primary attack on myelin or the oligodendrocyte or both, and whether indeed these lead to myelin breakdown and demyelination. In some disorders, myelin sheath abnormalities are prominent but demyelination does not occur. This review explores the range of human and animal disorders where myelin pathology exists and focusses on defining the myelin changes in each and their cause, to help define whether they are targets for myelin repair therapy. We reviewed myelin disorders of the CNS in humans and animals. Myelin damage results from primary attack on the oligodendrocyte or myelin sheath. All major categories of disease can affect CNS myelin. Myelin vacuolation is common, yet does not always result in demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Duncan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
| | - Abigail B Radcliff
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Rappaport J, Manthe RL, Solomon M, Garnacho C, Muro S. A Comparative Study on the Alterations of Endocytic Pathways in Multiple Lysosomal Storage Disorders. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:357-368. [PMID: 26702793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many cellular activities and pharmaceutical interventions involve endocytosis and delivery to lysosomes for processing. Hence, lysosomal processing defects can cause cell and tissue damage, as in lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) characterized by lysosomal accumulation of undegraded materials. This storage causes endocytic and trafficking alterations, which exacerbate disease and hinder treatment. However, there have been no systematic studies comparing different endocytic routes in LSDs. Here, we used genetic and pharmacological models of four LSDs (type A Niemann-Pick, type C Niemann-Pick, Fabry, and Gaucher diseases) and evaluated the pinocytic and receptor-mediated activity of the clathrin-, caveolae-, and macropinocytic routes. Bulk pinocytosis was diminished in all diseases, suggesting a generic endocytic alteration linked to lysosomal storage. Fluid-phase (dextran) and ligand (transferrin) uptake via the clathrin route were lower for all LSDs. Fluid-phase and ligand (cholera toxin B) uptake via the caveolar route were both affected but less acutely in Fabry or Gaucher diseases. Epidermal growth factor-induced macropinocytosis was altered in Niemann-Pick cells but not other LSDs. Intracellular trafficking of ligands was also distorted in LSD versus wild-type cells. The extent of these endocytic alterations paralleled the level of cholesterol storage in disease cell lines. Confirming this, pharmacological induction of cholesterol storage in wild-type cells disrupted endocytosis, and model therapeutics restored uptake in proportion to their efficacy in attenuating storage. This suggests a proportional and reversible relationship between endocytosis and lipid (cholesterol) storage. By analogy, the accumulation of biological material in other diseases, or foreign material from drugs or their carriers, may cause similar deficits, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Rappaport
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Rachel L Manthe
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Melani Solomon
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Carmen Garnacho
- Department of Normal and Pathological Histology and Cytology, University of Seville School of Medicine, Seville 41009, Spain
| | - Silvia Muro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
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Alizadeh A, Dyck SM, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Myelin damage and repair in pathologic CNS: challenges and prospects. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:35. [PMID: 26283909 PMCID: PMC4515562 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) results in oligodendrocyte cell death and progressive demyelination. Demyelinated axons undergo considerable physiological changes and molecular reorganizations that collectively result in axonal dysfunction, degeneration and loss of sensory and motor functions. Endogenous adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells and neural stem/progenitor cells contribute to the replacement of oligodendrocytes, however, the extent and quality of endogenous remyelination is suboptimal. Emerging evidence indicates that optimal remyelination is restricted by multiple factors including (i) low levels of factors that promote oligodendrogenesis; (ii) cell death among newly generated oligodendrocytes, (iii) inhibitory factors in the post-injury milieu that impede remyelination, and (iv) deficient expression of key growth factors essential for proper re-construction of a highly organized myelin sheath. Considering these challenges, over the past several years, a number of cell-based strategies have been developed to optimize remyelination therapeutically. Outcomes of these basic and preclinical discoveries are promising and signify the importance of remyelination as a mechanism for improving functions in CNS injuries. In this review, we provide an overview on: (1) the precise organization of myelinated axons and the reciprocal axo-myelin interactions that warrant properly balanced physiological activities within the CNS; (2) underlying cause of demyelination and the structural and functional consequences of demyelination in axons following injury and disease; (3) the endogenous mechanisms of oligodendrocyte replacement; (4) the modulatory role of reactive astrocytes and inflammatory cells in remyelination; and (5) the current status of cell-based therapies for promoting remyelination. Careful elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of demyelination in the pathologic CNS is a key to better understanding the impact of remyelination for CNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Alizadeh
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Scott M Dyck
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada
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Lin DS, Hsiao CD, Lee AYL, Ho CS, Liu HL, Wang TJ, Jian YR, Hsu JC, Huang ZD, Lee TH, Chiang MF. Mitigation of cerebellar neuropathy in globoid cell leukodystrophy mice by AAV-mediated gene therapy. Gene 2015; 571:81-90. [PMID: 26115766 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is an autosomal recessive, lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of the enzyme galactocerebrosidase (GALC). The absence of GALC activity leads to the accumulation of the toxic substance psychosine and the preferential loss of myelinating cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Profound demyelination, astrogliosis and axonopathy are the hallmarks of the pathogenesis of GLD, and cerebellar ataxia is one of the dominant manifestations in adolescents and adults affected with GLD. To date, studies regarding cerebellar degeneration in GLD are limited. In this study, the efficacy of cerebellum-targeted gene therapy on the cerebellar neuropathology in twitcher mice (a murine model of GLD) has been validated. We observed degeneration of Purkinje cells, Bergmann glia, and granule cells in addition to astrocytosis and demyelination in the cerebellum of the twitcher mice. Ultrastructural analysis revealed dark cell degeneration and disintegration of the cellular composition of Purkinje cells in untreated twitcher mice. In addition, the expressions of neurotrophic factors CNTF, GDNF and IGF-I were up-regulated and the expression of BDNF was down-regulated. Intracerebellar-mediated gene therapy efficiently corrected enzymatic deficiency by direct transduction to Purkinje cells and cross-correction in other cell types in the cerebellum, leading to the amelioration of both neuroinflammation and demyelination. The population, dendritic territory, and axonal processes of Purkinje cells remained normal in the cerebellum of treated twitcher mice, where radial fibers of Bergmann glia spanned the molecular layer and collateral branches ensheathed the dendritic processes of Purkinje cells. Moreover, the aberrant expressions of neurotrophic factors were mitigated in the cerebellum of treated twitcher mice, indicating the preservation of cellular function in addition to maintaining the neuronal architecture. The life span of the treated twitcher mice was significantly prolonged and their neurobehavioral performance was improved. Taken together, our findings underscore the complexity of cerebellar neurodegeneration in GLD and highlight the potential effectiveness of gene therapy in mitigating neuropathological deficits in GLD and other neurodegenerative disorders in which Purkinje cells are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dar-Shong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Allan Yueh-Luen Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Che-Sheng Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Liang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tuen-Jen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ren Jian
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zon-Darr Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fu Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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A viscoelastic model for axonal microtubule rupture. J Biomech 2015; 48:1241-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zuccoli G, Narayanan S, Panigrahy A, Poe MD, Escolar ML. Midbrain morphology reflects extent of brain damage in Krabbe disease. Neuroradiology 2015; 57:739-45. [PMID: 25859833 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-015-1523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To study the relationships between midbrain morphology, Loes score, gross motor function, and cognitive function in infantile Krabbe disease. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were evaluated by two neuroradiologists blinded to clinical status and neurodevelopmental function of children with early or late infantile Krabbe disease. A simplified qualitative 3-point scoring system based on midbrain morphology on midsagittal MRI was used. A score of 0 represented normal convex morphology of the midbrain, a score of 1 represented flattening of the midbrain, and a score of 3 represented concave morphology of the midbrain (hummingbird sign). Spearman correlations were estimated between this simplified MRI scoring system and the Loes score, gross motor score, and cognitive score. RESULTS Forty-two MRIs of 27 subjects were reviewed. Analysis of the 42 scans showed normal midbrain morphology in 3 (7.1%) scans, midbrain flattening in 11 (26.2%) scans, and concave midbrain morphology (hummingbird sign) in 28 (66.7%) scans. Midbrain morphology scores were positively correlated with the Loes score (r = 0.81, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with both gross motor and cognitive scores (r = -.84, p < 0.001; r = -0.87, p < 0.001, respectively). The inter-rater reliability for the midbrain morphology scale was κ = .95 (95% CI: 0.86-1.0), and the inter-rater reliability for the Loes scale was κ = .58 (95% CI: 0.42-0.73). CONCLUSIONS Midbrain morphology scores of midsagittal MRI images correlates with cognition and gross motor function in children with Krabbe disease. This MRI scoring system represents a simple but reliable method to assess disease progression in patients with infantile Krabbe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Zuccoli
- Section of Neuroradiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Ricca A, Rufo N, Ungari S, Morena F, Martino S, Kulik W, Alberizzi V, Bolino A, Bianchi F, Del Carro U, Biffi A, Gritti A. Combined gene/cell therapies provide long-term and pervasive rescue of multiple pathological symptoms in a murine model of globoid cell leukodystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:3372-89. [PMID: 25749991 PMCID: PMC4498152 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by deficient activity of β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC). The infantile forms manifest with rapid and progressive central and peripheral demyelination, which represent a major hurdle for any treatment approach. We demonstrate here that neonatal lentiviral vector-mediated intracerebral gene therapy (IC GT) or transplantation of GALC-overexpressing neural stem cells (NSC) synergize with bone marrow transplant (BMT) providing dramatic extension of lifespan and global clinical–pathological rescue in a relevant GLD murine model. We show that timely and long-lasting delivery of functional GALC in affected tissues ensured by the exclusive complementary mode of action of the treatments underlies the outstanding benefit. In particular, the contribution of neural stem cell transplantation and IC GT during the early asymptomatic stage of the disease is instrumental to enhance long-term advantage upon BMT. We clarify the input of central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and periphery to the disease, and the relative contribution of treatments to the final therapeutic outcome, with important implications for treatment strategies to be tried in human patients. This study gives proof-of-concept of efficacy, tolerability and clinical relevance of the combined gene/cell therapies proposed here, which may constitute a feasible and effective therapeutic opportunity for children affected by GLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ricca
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Via Olgettina 58, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Nicole Rufo
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Via Olgettina 58, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Silvia Ungari
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Via Olgettina 58, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy
| | - Wilem Kulik
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
| | - Valeria Alberizzi
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, INSPE, Via Olgettina 58, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bolino
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, INSPE, Via Olgettina 58, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, INSPE, Via Olgettina 58, Milano, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Del Carro
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, INSPE, Via Olgettina 58, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biffi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Via Olgettina 58, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Angela Gritti
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Via Olgettina 58, Milano 20132, Italy,
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45
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Cantuti-Castelvetri L, Maravilla E, Marshall M, Tamayo T, D'auria L, Monge J, Jeffries J, Sural-Fehr T, Lopez-Rosas A, Li G, Garcia K, van Breemen R, Vite C, Garcia J, Bongarzone ER. Mechanism of neuromuscular dysfunction in Krabbe disease. J Neurosci 2015; 35:1606-16. [PMID: 25632136 PMCID: PMC4308604 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2431-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The atrophy of skeletal muscles in patients with Krabbe disease is a major debilitating manifestation that worsens their quality of life and limits the clinical efficacy of current therapies. The pathogenic mechanism triggering muscle wasting is unknown. This study examined structural, functional, and metabolic changes conducive to muscle degeneration in Krabbe disease using the murine (twitcher mouse) and canine [globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) dog] models. Muscle degeneration, denervation, neuromuscular [neuromuscular junction (NMJ)] abnormalities, and axonal death were investigated using the reporter transgenic twitcher-Thy1.1-yellow fluorescent protein mouse. We found that mutant muscles had significant numbers of smaller-sized muscle fibers, without signs of regeneration. Muscle growth was slow and weak in twitcher mice, with decreased maximum force. The NMJ had significant levels of activated caspase-3 but limited denervation. Mutant NMJ showed reduced surface areas and lower volumes of presynaptic terminals, with depressed nerve control, increased miniature endplate potential (MEPP) amplitude, decreased MEPP frequency, and increased rise and decay rate constants. Twitcher and GLD dog muscles had significant capacity to store psychosine, the neurotoxin that accumulates in Krabbe disease. Mechanistically, muscle defects involved the inactivation of the Akt pathway and activation of the proteasome pathway. Our work indicates that muscular dysfunction in Krabbe disease is compounded by a pathogenic mechanism involving at least the failure of NMJ function, activation of proteosome degradation, and a reduction of the Akt pathway. Akt, which is key for muscle function, may constitute a novel target to complement in therapies for Krabbe disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Axons/metabolism
- Axons/pathology
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dogs
- Galactosylceramidase/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell/complications
- Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell/genetics
- Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell/pathology
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle Cells/drug effects
- Muscle Cells/metabolism
- Muscle Contraction/genetics
- Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development
- Neuromuscular Diseases/etiology
- Neuromuscular Diseases/metabolism
- Neuromuscular Diseases/pathology
- Psychosine/metabolism
- Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics
- Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism
- Synaptic Potentials/drug effects
- Synaptic Potentials/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Marshall
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | - Tammy Tamayo
- Physiology and Biophysics, and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guannan Li
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | | | - Richard van Breemen
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | - Charles Vite
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104
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46
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Voccoli V, Tonazzini I, Signore G, Caleo M, Cecchini M. Role of extracellular calcium and mitochondrial oxygen species in psychosine-induced oligodendrocyte cell death. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1529. [PMID: 25412308 PMCID: PMC4260741 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a metabolic disease caused by mutations in the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) gene. GALC is a lysosomal enzyme whose function is to degrade galacto-lipids, including galactosyl-ceramide and galactosyl-sphingosine (psychosine, PSY). GALC loss of function causes progressive intracellular accumulation of PSY. It is widely held that PSY is the main trigger for the degeneration of myelinating cells and progressive white-matter loss. However, still little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which PSY imparts toxicity. Here, we address the role of calcium dynamics during PSY-induced cell death. Using the human oligodendrocyte cell line MO3.13, we report that cell death by PSY is accompanied by robust cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium (Ca(2+)) elevations, and by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Importantly, we demonstrate that the reduction of extracellular calcium content by the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid can decrease intra-mitochondrial ROS production and enhance cell viability. Antioxidant administration also reduces mitochondrial ROS production and cell loss, but this treatment does not synergize with Ca(2+) chelation. Our results disclose novel intracellular pathways involved in PSY-induced death that may be exploited for therapeutic purposes to delay GLD onset and/or slow down its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Voccoli
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - I Tonazzini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Signore
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Caleo
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Cecchini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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