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Hashim N, Babiker R, Mohammed R, Chaitanya NC, Rahman MM, Gismalla B. Highlighting the Effect of Pro-inflammatory Mediators in the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1120-S1128. [PMID: 38882732 PMCID: PMC11174192 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1120_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that is much more common as people get older. It may start out early or late. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation, both of which contribute to the central nervous system's inflammatory state, are characteristics of AD. As opposed to this, periodontitis is a widespread oral infection brought on by Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. By releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines into the systemic circulation, periodontitis can be classified as a "low-grade systemic disease." Periodontitis and AD are linked by inflammation, which is recognized to play a crucial part in both the disease processes. The current review sought to highlight the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are released during periodontal and Alzheimer's diseases in the pathophysiology of both conditions. It also addresses the puzzling relationship between AD and periodontitis, highlighting the etiology and potential ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Hashim
- Periodontology, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras al-Khaimah, UAE
| | - Rasha Babiker
- Physiology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras al-Khaimah, UAE
| | - Riham Mohammed
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras al-Khaimah, UAE
| | - Nallan Csk Chaitanya
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras al-Khaimah, UAE
| | - Muhammed M Rahman
- Periodontology, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras al-Khaimah, UAE
| | - Bakri Gismalla
- Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Suh SW, Lim E, Burm SY, Lee H, Bae JB, Han JW, Kim KW. The influence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognitive function in individuals without dementia: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. BMC Med 2024; 22:109. [PMID: 38468309 PMCID: PMC10929146 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been suggested as a cognitive enhancing agent, though their effect is doubtful. We aimed to examine the effect of n-3 PUFA on the cognitive function of middle-aged or older adults without dementia. METHODS We reviewed randomized controlled trials of individuals aged 40 years or older. We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases. We used the restricted cubic splines model for non-linear dose-response meta-analysis in terms of the standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The current meta-analysis on 24 studies (n 9660; follow-up 3 to 36 months) found that the beneficial effect on executive function demonstrates an upward trend within the initial 12 months of intervention. This effect is prominently observed with a daily intake surpassing 500 mg of n-3 PUFA and up to 420 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Furthermore, these trends exhibit heightened significance in regions where the levels of blood docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + EPA are not very low. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of n-3 PUFA may confer potential benefits to executive function among the middle-aged and elderly demographic, particularly in individuals whose dietary DHA + EPA level is not substantially diminished.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eunji Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Suh-Yuhn Burm
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyungji Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jong Bin Bae
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.
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Wen J, Satyanarayanan SK, Li A, Yan L, Zhao Z, Yuan Q, Su KP, Su H. Unraveling the impact of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and glymphatic function. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:335-355. [PMID: 37914102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia represent major public health challenges but effective therapeutic options are limited. Pathological brain aging is associated with microvascular changes and impaired clearance systems. The application of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 or omega-3 PUFAs) is one of the most promising nutritional interventions in neurodegenerative disorders from epidemiological data, clinical and pre-clinical studies. As essential components of neuronal membranes, n-3 PUFAs have shown neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as modulatory effects through microvascular pathophysiology, amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance and glymphatic pathways. This review meticulously explores these underlying mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs against AD and dementia, synthesizing evidence from both animal and interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Lingli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Ziai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
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4
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Zhang T, Gao G, Kwok LY, Sun Z. Gut microbiome-targeted therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2271613. [PMID: 37934614 PMCID: PMC10631445 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2271613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput 'omics' technologies has improved our knowledge of gut microbiome in human health and disease, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder. Frequent bidirectional communications and mutual regulation exist between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis. A large body of research has reported a close association between the gut microbiota and AD development, and restoring a healthy gut microbiota may curb or even improve AD symptoms and progression. Thus, modulation of the gut microbiota has become a novel paradigm for clinical management of AD, and emerging effort has focused on developing potential novel strategies for preventing and/or treating the disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the connection and causal relationship between gut dysbiosis and AD, the mechanisms of gut microbiota in driving AD progression, and the successes and challenges of implementing available gut microbiome-targeted therapies (including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation) in preventive and/or therapeutic preclinical and clinical intervention studies of AD. Finally, we discuss the future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guangqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Basri R, Alruwaili M, AlRuwaili R, Mohammad Albarrak A, Ali NH. Impact of Nutritional Interventions on Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e49467. [PMID: 38152793 PMCID: PMC10751620 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent type of dementia, especially in older persons, is Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has clinical signs of progressive cognitive decline and functional impairment. However, new research indicates that AD patients' dietary patterns and nutritional intake could hold the key to staving off some of the complications. Therefore, the primary aim of this investigation was to analyze various dietary patterns and the subsequent impact of the resulting nutritional intake on AD patients. Various online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were searched using appropriate keywords, reference searches, and citation searches. The databases were accessed using the search phrases "Alzheimer's disease," "dietary habits," "minerals," "nutritional profile," and "vitamins." Fifteen of the 21 investigations that we selected for our systematic review and subsequent meta-analysis revealed that micronutrient supplementation and some dietary patterns were helpful in alleviating a few of the symptoms of AD, especially with regard to the progression of dementia in the assessed patients. It was shown that dietary interventions and nutritional adjustments can considerably delay the onset of AD and the varying degrees of dementia that often accompany it. However, there were some areas of ambiguity in our findings because a few of the chosen studies did not document any noticeable improvements in the patient's conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Basri
- Department of Internal Medicine/Neurology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, SAU
| | - Mubarak Alruwaili
- Department of Internal Medicine/Neurology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, SAU
| | - Raed AlRuwaili
- Department of Internal Medicine/Neurology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, SAU
| | - Anas Mohammad Albarrak
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, SAU
| | - Naif H Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Najran University, Najran, SAU
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Wang J, Yu Z, Peng Y, Xu B. Insights into prevention mechanisms of bioactive components from healthy diets against Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109397. [PMID: 37301484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in which senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, chronic neuroinflammation, and abnormal neurotransmission are the potential mechanisms involved in its onset and development. Although it is still an intractable disorder, diet intervention has been developed as an innovative strategy for AD prevention. Some bioactive compounds and micronutrients from food, including soy isoflavones, rutin, vitamin B1, etc., have exhibited numerous neuronal health-promoting effects in both in vivo and in vitro studies. It is well known that their antiapoptotic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties prevent the neuronal or glial cells from injury or death, minimize oxidative damage, inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines by modulating typical signaling pathways of MAPK, NF-kβ, and TLR, and further reduce Aβ genesis and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, parts of the dietary components trigger AD-related proteins productions and inflammasome as well as inflammatory gene upregulation. This review summarized the neuroprotective or nerve damage-promoting role and underlying molecular mechanisms of flavonoids, vitamins, and fatty acids via the data from library databases, PubMed, and journal websites, which provides a comprehensive analysis of the prevention potential of these dietary components against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Zhiling Yu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China.
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He Z, Zhao Y, Sun J. The Role of Major Facilitator Superfamily Domain-Containing 2a in the Central Nervous System. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:639-647. [PMID: 35438385 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Major facilitator superfamily-domain containing 2a (Mfsd2a) is selectively expressed in vascular endotheliocytes and plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the blood‒brain barrier and the transport of docosahexaenoic acid. It is currently recognized as the only molecule that inhibits endocytosis mediated by caveolae in brain endothelial cells. Mfsd2a gene knockout leads to an increase in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier from embryonic stages to adulthood while maintaining the normal pattern of the vascular network. In Mfsd2a knockout mice, the docosahexaenoic acid content is significantly reduced and associated with neuron loss, resulting in microcephaly and cognitive impairment. Based on the role of Mfsd2a in the central nervous system, it has been preliminarily suggested as a potential therapeutic target for drug delivery to the central nervous system. This paper reviews the current progress in Mfsd2a research and summarizes the physiological functions of Mfsd2a in the central nervous system and its role in the occurrence and development of a variety of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong He
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130031, Jilin, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130031, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Sun
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130031, Jilin, China.
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Badesso S, Cartas-Cejudo P, Espelosin M, Santamaria E, Cuadrado-Tejedor M, Garcia-Osta A. Docosahexaenoic Acid Ameliorates Contextual Fear Memory Deficits in the Tg2576 Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model: Cellular and Molecular Correlates. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010082. [PMID: 36678710 PMCID: PMC9866126 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain, is essential for successful aging. In fact, epidemiological studies have demonstrated that increased intake of DHA might lower the risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). These observations are supported by studies in animal models showing that DHA reduces synaptic pathology and memory deficits. Different mechanisms to explain these beneficial effects have been proposed; however, the molecular pathways involved are still unknown. In this study, to unravel the main underlying molecular mechanisms activated upon DHA treatment, the effect of a high dose of DHA on cognitive function and AD pathology was analyzed in aged Tg2576 mice and their wild-type littermates. Transcriptomic analysis of mice hippocampi using RNA sequencing was subsequently performed. Our results revealed that, through an amyloid-independent mechanism, DHA enhanced memory function and increased synapse formation only in the Tg2576 mice. Likewise, the IPA analysis demonstrated that essential neuronal functions related to synaptogenesis, neuritogenesis, the branching of neurites, the density of dendritic spines and the outgrowth of axons were upregulated upon-DHA treatment in Tg2576 mice. Our results suggest that memory function in APP mice is influenced by DHA intake; therefore, a high dose of daily DHA should be tested as a dietary supplement for AD dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Badesso
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paz Cartas-Cejudo
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Espelosin
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaria
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mar Cuadrado-Tejedor
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.C.-T.); (A.G.-O.)
| | - Ana Garcia-Osta
- Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.C.-T.); (A.G.-O.)
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Hien HTM, Thom LT, Ha NC, Tam LT, Thu NTH, Nguyen TV, Loan VT, Dan NT, Hong DD. Characterization and Optimization of Culture Conditions for Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 Isolated from Sand Cay (Son Ca) Island, Vietnam, and Antioxidative and Neuroprotective Activities of Its Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Mixture. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120780. [PMID: 36547927 PMCID: PMC9787583 DOI: 10.3390/md20120780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurantiochytrium is a heterotrophic marine microalga that has potential industrial applications. The main objectives of this study were to isolate an Aurantiochytrium strain from Sand Cay (Son Ca) Island, Vietnam, optimize its culture conditions, determine its nutritional composition, extract polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the free (FFA) and the alkyl ester (FAAE) forms, and evaluate the antioxidation and neuroprotection properties of the PUFAs. Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 can be grown stably under laboratory conditions. Its culture conditions were optimized for a dry cell weight (DCW) of 31.18 g/L, with total lipids comprising 25.29%, proteins 7.93%, carbohydrates 15.21%, and carotenoid at 143.67 µg/L of DCW. The FAAEs and FFAs extracted from Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 were rich in omega 3-6-9 fatty acids (40.73% and 44.00% of total fatty acids, respectively). No acute or subchronic oral toxicity was determined in mice fed with the PUFAs in FFA or FAAE forms at different doses over 90 days. Furthermore, the PUFAs in the FFA or FAAE forms and their main constituents of EPA, DHA, and ALA showed antioxidant and AChE inhibitory properties and neuroprotective activities against damage caused by H2O2- and amyloid-ß protein fragment 25-35 (Aβ25-35)-induced C6 cells. These data suggest that PUFAs extracted from Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Thi Minh Hien
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (H.T.M.H.); (D.D.H.); Tel.: +84-24-37911059 (H.T.M.H.); Fax: +84-24-38363144 (H.T.M.H.)
| | - Le Thi Thom
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Cam Ha
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Luu Thi Tam
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Thi Hoai Thu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tru Van Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Loan
- Joint Vietnam–Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, 63 Nguyen Van Huyen Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Trong Dan
- Joint Vietnam–Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, 63 Nguyen Van Huyen Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Diem Hong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (H.T.M.H.); (D.D.H.); Tel.: +84-24-37911059 (H.T.M.H.); Fax: +84-24-38363144 (H.T.M.H.)
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The Role of Dietary Lipids in Cognitive Health: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123250. [PMID: 36552006 PMCID: PMC9775642 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterised by progressive loss of brain function. The most common of these is Alzheimer's disease, a form of dementia. Intake of macro- and micro-nutrients impacts brain function, including memory, learning, mood, and behaviour. Lipids, particularly phospholipids and sphingolipids, are crucial structural components of neural tissues and significantly affect cognitive function. The importance of functional foods in preventing cardiovascular disease is well-documented in the current literature. However, the significance of such foods for central nervous system health and neurodegenerative diseases is less recognized. Gut microbiome composition affects cognitive health and function, and dietary lipids are known to influence gut health. Thus, this review will discuss different sources of dietary lipids and their effect on cognitive functioning and their interaction with the gut microbiome in the context of neurodegenerative disease.
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Lo Van A, Bernoud-Hubac N, Lagarde M. Esterification of Docosahexaenoic Acid Enhances Its Transport to the Brain and Its Potential Therapeutic Use in Brain Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:4550. [PMID: 36364810 PMCID: PMC9656701 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid-containing lysophosphatidylcholine (DHA-LysoPC) is presented as the main transporter of DHA from blood plasma to the brain. This is related to the major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2A (Mfsd2a) symporter expression in the blood-brain barrier that recognizes the various lyso-phospholipids that have choline in their polar head. In order to stabilize the DHA moiety at the sn-2 position of LysoPC, the sn-1 position was esterified by the shortest acetyl chain, creating the structural phospholipid 1-acetyl,2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerophosphocholine (AceDoPC). This small structure modification allows the maintaining of the preferential brain uptake of DHA over non-esterified DHA. Additional properties were found for AceDoPC, such as antioxidant properties, especially due to the aspirin-like acetyl moiety, as well as the capacity to generate acetylcholine in response to the phospholipase D cleavage of the polar head. Esterification of DHA within DHA-LysoPC or AceDoPC could elicit more potent neuroprotective effects against neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Lo Van
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, LaMCoS, UMR5259, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
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12
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Sala-Vila A, Satizabal CL, Tintle N, Melo van Lent D, Vasan RS, Beiser AS, Seshadri S, Harris WS. Red Blood Cell DHA Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Incident Alzheimer's Disease and All-Cause Dementia: Framingham Offspring Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:2408. [PMID: 35745137 PMCID: PMC9228504 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) might help prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). Red blood cell (RBC) status of DHA is an objective measure of long-term dietary DHA intake. In this prospective observational study conducted within the Framingham Offspring Cohort (1490 dementia-free participants aged ≥65 years old), we examined the association of RBC DHA with incident AD, testing for an interaction with APOE-ε4 carriership. During the follow-up (median, 7.2 years), 131 cases of AD were documented. In fully adjusted models, risk for incident AD in the highest RBC DHA quintile (Q5) was 49% lower compared with the lowest quintile (Q1) (Hazard ratio [HR]: 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27, 0.96). An increase in RBC DHA from Q1 to Q5 was predicted to provide an estimated 4.7 additional years of life free of AD. We observed an interaction DHA × APOE-ε4 carriership for AD. Borderline statistical significance for a lower risk of AD was observed per standard deviation increase in RBC DHA (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.00, p = 0.053) in APOE-ε4 carriers, but not in non-carriers (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.11, p = 0.240). These findings add to the increasing body of literature suggesting a robust association worth exploring dietary DHA as one strategy to prevent or delay AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Sala-Vila
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA; (N.T.); (W.S.H.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78299, USA; (C.L.S.); (D.M.v.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nathan Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA; (N.T.); (W.S.H.)
- Department of Statistics, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA 51250, USA
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78299, USA; (C.L.S.); (D.M.v.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Alexa S. Beiser
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78299, USA; (C.L.S.); (D.M.v.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - William S. Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA; (N.T.); (W.S.H.)
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57069, USA
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13
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Zussy C, John R, Urgin T, Otaegui L, Vigor C, Acar N, Canet G, Vitalis M, Morin F, Planel E, Oger C, Durand T, Rajshree SL, Givalois L, Devarajan PV, Desrumaux C. Intranasal Administration of Nanovectorized Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Improves Cognitive Function in Two Complementary Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050838. [PMID: 35624701 PMCID: PMC9137520 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a class of fatty acids that are closely associated with the development and function of the brain. The most abundant PUFA is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3). In humans, low plasmatic concentrations of DHA have been associated with impaired cognitive function, low hippocampal volumes, and increased amyloid deposition in the brain. Several studies have reported reduced brain DHA concentrations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients’ brains. Although a number of epidemiological studies suggest that dietary DHA consumption may protect the elderly from developing cognitive impairment or dementia including AD, several review articles report an inconclusive association between omega-3 PUFAs intake and cognitive decline. The source of these inconsistencies might be because DHA is highly oxidizable and its accessibility to the brain is limited by the blood–brain barrier. Thus, there is a pressing need for new strategies to improve DHA brain supply. In the present study, we show for the first time that the intranasal administration of nanovectorized DHA reduces Tau phosphorylation and restores cognitive functions in two complementary murine models of AD. These results pave the way for the development of a new approach to target the brain with DHA for the prevention or treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charleine Zussy
- MMDN, University Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.Z.); (T.U.); (L.O.); (G.C.); (M.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Rijo John
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Deemed University, Mumbai 400019, India; (R.J.); (S.L.R.); (P.V.D.)
| | - Théo Urgin
- MMDN, University Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.Z.); (T.U.); (L.O.); (G.C.); (M.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Léa Otaegui
- MMDN, University Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.Z.); (T.U.); (L.O.); (G.C.); (M.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Claire Vigor
- IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.V.); (C.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Geoffrey Canet
- MMDN, University Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.Z.); (T.U.); (L.O.); (G.C.); (M.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Mathieu Vitalis
- MMDN, University Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.Z.); (T.U.); (L.O.); (G.C.); (M.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Françoise Morin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, CR-CHUQ, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (F.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, CR-CHUQ, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (F.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Camille Oger
- IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.V.); (C.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.V.); (C.O.); (T.D.)
| | - Shinde L. Rajshree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Deemed University, Mumbai 400019, India; (R.J.); (S.L.R.); (P.V.D.)
| | - Laurent Givalois
- MMDN, University Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.Z.); (T.U.); (L.O.); (G.C.); (M.V.); (L.G.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, CR-CHUQ, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (F.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Padma V. Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Deemed University, Mumbai 400019, India; (R.J.); (S.L.R.); (P.V.D.)
| | - Catherine Desrumaux
- MMDN, University Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (C.Z.); (T.U.); (L.O.); (G.C.); (M.V.); (L.G.)
- LIPSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-467-14-36-89; Fax: +33-467-14-33-86
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14
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Pontifex MG, Martinsen A, Saleh RNM, Harden G, Fox C, Muller M, Vauzour D, Minihane AM. DHA-Enriched Fish Oil Ameliorates Deficits in Cognition Associated with Menopause and the APOE4 Genotype in Rodents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091698. [PMID: 35565665 PMCID: PMC9103304 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Female APOE4 carriers have a greater predisposition to developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) compared to their male counterparts, which may partly be attributed to menopause. We previously reported that a combination of menopause and APOE4 led to an exacerbation of cognitive and neurological deficits, which were associated with reduced brain DHA and DHA:AA ratio. Here, we explored whether DHA-enriched fish oil (FO) supplementation mitigated the detrimental impact of these risk factors. Whilst DHA-enriched fish oil improved recognition memory (NOR) in APOE4 VCD (4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide)-treated mice (p < 0.05), no change in spatial working memory (Y-maze) was observed. FO supplementation increased brain DHA and nervonic acid and the DHA:AA ratio. The response of key bioenergetic and blood−brain barrier related genes and proteins provided mechanistic insights into these behavioural findings, with increased BDNF protein concentration as well as mitigation of aberrant Erβ, Cldn1 and Glut-5 expression in APOE4 mice receiving fish oil supplementation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with a physiologically relevant dose of DHA-enriched fish oil appears to offer protection against the detrimental effects of menopause, particularly in “at-risk” APOE4 female carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Pontifex
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.M.); (R.N.M.S.); (G.H.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (D.V.); (A.-M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anneloes Martinsen
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.M.); (R.N.M.S.); (G.H.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (D.V.); (A.-M.M.)
| | - Rasha N. M. Saleh
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.M.); (R.N.M.S.); (G.H.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (D.V.); (A.-M.M.)
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Glenn Harden
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.M.); (R.N.M.S.); (G.H.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (D.V.); (A.-M.M.)
| | - Chris Fox
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.M.); (R.N.M.S.); (G.H.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (D.V.); (A.-M.M.)
- Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Michael Muller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.M.); (R.N.M.S.); (G.H.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (D.V.); (A.-M.M.)
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.M.); (R.N.M.S.); (G.H.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (D.V.); (A.-M.M.)
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.M.); (R.N.M.S.); (G.H.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (D.V.); (A.-M.M.)
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15
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Kiran BR, Venkata Mohan S. Microalgal Cell Biofactory-Therapeutic, Nutraceutical and Functional Food Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:836. [PMID: 33919450 PMCID: PMC8143517 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are multifaceted photosynthetic microorganisms with emerging business potential. They are present ubiquitously in terrestrial and aquatic environments with rich species diversity and are capable of producing significant biomass. Traditionally, microalgal biomass is being used as food and feed in many countries around the globe. The production of microalgal-based bioactive compounds at an industrial scale through biotechnological interventions is gaining interest more recently. The present review provides a detailed overview of the key algal metabolites, which plays a crucial role in nutraceutical, functional foods, and animal/aquaculture feed industries. Bioactive compounds of microalgae known to exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory effects were comprehensively reviewed. The potential microalgal species and biological extracts against human pathogens were also discussed. Further, current technologies involved in upstream and downstream bioprocessing including cultivation, harvesting, and cell disruption were documented. Establishing microalgae as an alternative supplement would complement the sustainable and environmental requirements in the framework of human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India;
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16
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Hua Y, Ma C, Huang S, Wang R, Chen J, Guo Q, Zhou J, Zhu H, Li W. Toxic effects of formaldehyde and the protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid in Drosophila. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:351-361. [PMID: 34703626 PMCID: PMC8491587 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a commercially important chemical applied in industry and scientific research. However, FA has a distinct impact on learning and memory. Although the mechanisms of FA toxicity have been well studied, additional research is required to establish the mechanisms of neuroprotection in cases of FA exposure. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid with a variety of health benefits, including the enhancement of learning and memory. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of DHA in Drosophila melanogaster that had ingested FA. Our data suggested that DHA enhanced reproductive processes, leading to an increase in the number of eggs, larvae, and adults. Surprisingly, we found that DHA had a mild protective effect against FA-induced impairments in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Hua
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Shuyi Huang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Ruomeng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Hemin Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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17
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Peng Y, Gao P, Shi L, Chen L, Liu J, Long J. Central and Peripheral Metabolic Defects Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: Targeting Mitochondria for Diagnosis and Prevention. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1188-1236. [PMID: 32050773 PMCID: PMC7196371 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Epidemiological studies indicate that metabolic disorders are associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metabolic remodeling occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery, even in the early stages of AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely accepted as a molecular mechanism underlying metabolic disorders. Therefore, focusing on early metabolic changes, especially from the perspective of mitochondria, could be of interest for early AD diagnosis and intervention. Recent Advances: We and others have identified that the levels of several metabolites are fluctuated in the periphery before their accumulation in the CNS, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Mitochondrial remodeling is likely one of the earliest signs of AD, linking nutritional imbalance to cognitive deficits. Notably, by improving mitochondrial function, mitochondrial nutrients efficiently rescue cellular metabolic dysfunction in the CNS and periphery in individuals with AD. Critical Issues: Peripheral metabolic disorders should be intensively explored and evaluated for the early diagnosis of AD. The circulating metabolites derived from mitochondrial remodeling represent novel potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD that are more readily detected than CNS-oriented biomarkers. Moreover, mitochondrial nutrients provide a promising approach to preventing and delaying AD progression. Future Directions: Abnormal mitochondrial metabolism in the CNS and periphery is involved in AD pathogenesis. More clinical studies provide evidence for the suitability and reliability of circulating metabolites and cytokines for the early diagnosis of AD. Targeting mitochondria to rewire cellular metabolism is a promising approach to preventing AD and ameliorating AD-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peipei Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Le Shi
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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18
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Wang X, Zhao J. Neuroprotective effect of CPCGI on Alzheimer's disease and its mechanism. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:115-122. [PMID: 31939621 PMCID: PMC6896362 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder causing progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. The aberrant accumulation of amyloid‑β (Aβ) and neuroinflammation are two major events in AD. Aβ‑induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress are also involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection (CPCGI) on the progression of AD, and to explore the molecular mechanism. In vivo and in vitro models of AD were established and treated with CPCGI. Aβ40 and Aβ42 protein levels were detected using western blotting. Production of pro‑inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and interleukin (IL)‑1β] and oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected using 3‑(4,5‑dimethyl‑2‑thiazolyl)‑2,5‑diphenyl‑2‑H‑tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry analysis respectively. Results demonstrated that CPCGI administration reduced Aβ40 and Aβ42 accumulation, and inhibited inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the in vivo rat model of AD, evidenced by decreased Aβ40 and Aβ42 protein expression, reduced levels of TNF‑α and IL‑1β, reduced MDA content, enhanced SOD activity, and reduced ROS level. It was found that CPCGI enhanced cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis of Aβ25‑35 induced PC12 cells. In addition, the mitogen‑activated protein kinase/NF‑κB pathway was involved in the protective effect of CPCGI on AD. Taken together, the data demonstrated that CPCGI exerted a protective effect on AD by reducing Aβ accumulation, inhibiting inflammatory response and oxidative stress, In addition to preventing neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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19
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Abstract
Ageing is the primary risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). One in ten individuals aged ≥65 years has AD and its prevalence continues to increase with increasing age. Few or no effective treatments are available for ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases, which tend to progress in an irreversible manner and are associated with large socioeconomic and personal costs. This Review discusses the pathogenesis of AD, PD and other neurodegenerative diseases, and describes their associations with the nine biological hallmarks of ageing: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, deregulated nutrient sensing, stem cell exhaustion and altered intercellular communication. The central biological mechanisms of ageing and their potential as targets of novel therapies for neurodegenerative diseases are also discussed, with potential therapies including NAD+ precursors, mitophagy inducers and inhibitors of cellular senescence.
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20
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Nutrients in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9874159. [PMID: 31565158 PMCID: PMC6746160 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9874159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disease caused by the complex interaction of multiple mechanisms, some of which are still not fully understood. To date, pharmacological treatments and supplementation of individual nutrients have been poorly effective in terms of the prevention and treatment of AD, while alternative strategies based on multimodal approaches (diet, exercise, and cognitive training) seem to be more promising. In this context, the focus on dietary patterns rather than on single food components could be more useful in preventing or counteracting the pathological processes typical of AD, thanks to the potential synergistic effects of various nutrients (neuronutrients). The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the currently existing preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, which are three dietary patterns with well-known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, they have been related to brain protection and AD prevention, perhaps thanks to their high content of neuroprotective bioactive compounds. Similarly, intermittent fasting (IF) or calorie restriction (CR) is emerging as interesting approaches that seem to promote hippocampal neurogenesis, activate adaptive stress response systems, and enhance neuronal plasticity, thus leading to motor and cognitive improvements in animal models of AD and hopefully also in human beings.
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21
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Andraka JM, Sharma N, Marchalant Y. Can krill oil be of use for counteracting neuroinflammatory processes induced by high fat diet and aging? Neurosci Res 2019; 157:1-14. [PMID: 31445058 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, demonstrate preceding or on-going inflammatory processes. Therefore, discovering effective means of counteracting detrimental inflammatory mediators in the brain could help alter aging-related disease onset and progression. Fish oil and marine-derived omega-3, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3) have shown promising anti-inflammatory effects both systemically and centrally. More specifically, krill oil (KO), extracted from small Antarctic crustaceans, is an alternative type of LC n-3 with reported health benefits including improvement of spatial memory and learning, memory loss, systemic inflammation and depression symptoms. Similar to the more widely studied fish oil, KO contains the long chain fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) which are essential for basic brain functions. Moreover, the phospholipid bound nature of fatty acids found in KO improves bioavailability and efficiency of absorption, thus supporting the belief that KO may offer a superior method of dietary n-3 delivery. Finally, KO contains astaxanthin, an antioxidant capable of reducing potentially excessive oxidative stress and inflammation within the brain. This review will discuss the potential benefits of KO over other marine-based LC n-3 on brain inflammation and cognitive function in the context of high fat diets and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Andraka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Central Michigan University, MI, USA; Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, MI, USA
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, MI, USA; School of Health Sciences, Central Michigan University, MI, USA
| | - Yannick Marchalant
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, MI, USA; Psychology Department, Central Michigan University, MI, USA.
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22
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Characterization of the unique In Vitro effects of unsaturated fatty acids on the formation of amyloid β fibrils. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219465. [PMID: 31291354 PMCID: PMC6619765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid ß (Aß) peptides, the major component of amyloid fibrils in senile plaques, is one of the main causes of Alzheimer’s disease. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a fatty acid abundant in the brain, and is reported to have protective effects against Alzheimer’s disease, although the mechanistic effects of DHA against Alzheimer’s pathophysiology remain unclear. Because dietary supplementation of DHA in Aß precursor protein transgenic mice ameliorates Aß pathology and behavioral deficits, we hypothesize that DHA may affect the fibrillization and deposition of Aß. Here we studied the effect of different types of fatty acids on Aß fibril formation by in vitro Aß fibrillization assay. Formation of amyloid fibrils consists of two steps, i.e., the initial nucleation phase and the following elongation phase. We found that unsaturated fatty acids, especially DHA, accelerated the formation of Aß fibrils with a unique short and curved morphology in its nucleation phase, which did not elongate further into the long and straight, mature Aß fibrils. Addition of DHA afterwards did not modify the morphology of the mature Aß(1–40) fibrils. The short and curved Aß fibrils formed in the presence of DHA did not facilitate the elongation phase of Aß fibril formation, suggesting that DHA promotes the formation of “off-pathway” conformers of Aß. Our study unravels a possible mechanism of how DHA acts protectively against the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Pardeshi R, Bolshette N, Gadhave K, Arfeen M, Ahmed S, Jamwal R, Hammock BD, Lahkar M, Goswami SK. Docosahexaenoic Acid Increases the Potency of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor in Alleviating Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-Like Complications of Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:288. [PMID: 31068802 PMCID: PMC6491817 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and it is associated with significant memory loss. In the present study, we hypothesized that the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor N-[1-(1-oxopropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N'-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-urea (also known as TPPU) could alleviate diabetes-aggravated Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms by improving memory and cognition, and reducing the oxidative stress and inflammation associated with this condition. Also, we evaluated the effect of edaravone, an antioxidant on diabetes-induced Alzheimer's-like complications and the additive effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the efficacy of TPPU. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneally administering streptozotocin (STZ). Six weeks after induction of diabetes, animals were either treated with vehicle, edaravone (3 or 10 mg/kg), TPPU (1 mg/kg) or TPPU (1 mg/kg) + DHA (100 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The results demonstrate that the treatments increased the memory response of diabetic rats, in comparison to untreated diabetic rats. Indeed, DHA + TPPU were more effective than TPPU alone in reducing the symptoms monitored. All drug treatments reduced oxidative stress and minimized inflammation in the brain of diabetic rats. Expression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) was increased in the brain of diabetic rats. Treatment with edaravone (10 mg/kg), TPPU or TPPU + DHA minimized the level of APP. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) which metabolizes acetylcholine was increased in the brain of diabetic rats. All the treatments except edaravone (3 mg/kg) were effective in decreasing the activity of AChE and TPPU + DHA was more efficacious than TPPU alone. Intriguingly, the histological changes in hippocampus after treatment with TPPU + DHA showed significant protection of neurons against STZ-induced neuronal damage. Overall, we found that DHA improved the efficacy of TPPU in increasing neuronal survival and memory, decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation possibly by stabilizing anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective epoxides of DHA. In the future, further evaluating the detailed mechanisms of action of sEH inhibitor and DHA could help to develop a strategy for the management of Alzheimer's-like complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pardeshi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Nityanand Bolshette
- Institutional Level Biotech Hub (IBT Hub), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Kundlik Gadhave
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, India
| | - Mohammad Arfeen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Rohitash Jamwal
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Hammock Laboratory of Pesticide Biotechnology, Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Institutional Level Biotech Hub (IBT Hub), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Hammock Laboratory of Pesticide Biotechnology, Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Assessment of diets containing curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, docosahexaenoic acid and α-lipoic acid on amyloid load and inflammation in a male transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: Are combinations more effective? Neurobiol Dis 2019; 124:505-519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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25
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Wang CC, Guo Y, Zhou MM, Xue CH, Chang YG, Zhang TT, Wang YM. Comparative studies of DHA-enriched phosphatidylcholine and recombination of DHA-ethyl ester with egg phosphatidylcholine on ameliorating memory and cognitive deficiency in SAMP8 mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:938-950. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01822g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DHA-PLs (DHA-PC) could not be substituted by recombination of commercial fish oil with DHA-free PC in alleviating age-related memory loss and cognitive deficiency in SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
- P. R. China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
- P. R. China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
- P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology
| | - Yao-Guang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
- P. R. China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
- P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology
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26
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Milanovic D, Petrovic S, Brkic M, Avramovic V, Perovic M, Ivkovic S, Glibetic M, Kanazir S. Short-Term Fish Oil Treatment Changes the Composition of Phospholipids While Not Affecting the Expression of Mfsd2a Omega-3 Transporter in the Brain and Liver of the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091250. [PMID: 30200627 PMCID: PMC6165196 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term fish oil (FO) supplementation is able to improve Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. We aimed to determine the impact of short-term fish oil (FO) intake on phospholipids composition and plaque pathology in 5xFAD mice, a widely used animal model of AD. A 3-week-long FO supplementation administered at 3 months of age decreased the number of dense core plaques in the 5xFAD cortex and changed phospholipids in the livers and brains of wild-type (Wt) and 5xFAD mice. Livers of both genotypes responded by increase of n-3 and reciprocal decrease of n-6 fatty acids. In Wt brains, FO supplementation induced elevation of n-3 fatty acids and subsequent enhancement of n-6/n-3 ratio. However, in 5xFAD brains the improved n-6/n-3 ratio was mainly due to FO-induced decrease in arachidonic and adrenic n-6 fatty acids. Also, brain and liver abundance of n-3 fatty acids were strongly correlated in Wts, oppositely to 5xFADs where significant brain-liver correlation exists only for n-6 fatty acids. Expression of omega-3 transporter Mfs2a remained unchanged after FO supplementation. We have demonstrated that even a short-term FO intake improves the phospholipid composition and has a significant effect on plaque burden in 5xFAD brains when applied in early stages of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desanka Milanovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Snjezana Petrovic
- Center of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, CENM, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marjana Brkic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Avramovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milka Perovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sanja Ivkovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Glibetic
- Center of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, CENM, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Selma Kanazir
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
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27
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The effect of APOE genotype on Alzheimer's disease risk is influenced by sex and docosahexaenoic acid status. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 69:209-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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28
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Characterization of phospholipids from Pacific saury ( Cololabis saira ) viscera and their neuroprotective activity. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Pan Y, Morris ER, Scanlon MJ, Marriott PJ, Porter CJH, Nicolazzo JA. Dietary docosahexaenoic acid supplementation enhances expression of fatty acid-binding protein 5 at the blood-brain barrier and brain docosahexaenoic acid levels. J Neurochem 2018; 146:186-197. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Pan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Elonie R. Morris
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Martin J. Scanlon
- Medicinal Chemistry; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Philip J. Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science; School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Christopher J. H. Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Victoria Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Joseph A. Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Victoria Australia
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30
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Shirooie S, Nabavi SF, Dehpour AR, Belwal T, Habtemariam S, Argüelles S, Sureda A, Daglia M, Tomczyk M, Sobarzo-Sanchez E, Xu S, Nabavi SM. Targeting mTORs by omega-3 fatty acids: A possible novel therapeutic strategy for neurodegeneration? Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:37-48. [PMID: 29990625 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Parkinson's (PD), Alzheimer's (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cause significant world-wide morbidity and mortality. To date, there is no drug of cure for these, mostly age-related diseases, although approaches in delaying the pathology and/or giving patients some symptomatic relief have been adopted for the last few decades. Various studies in recent years have shown the beneficial effects of omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) through diverse mechanisms including anti-inflammatory effects. This review now assesses the potential of this class of compounds in NDs therapy through specific action against the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. The role of mTOR in neurodegenerative diseases and targeted therapies by PUFAs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Shirooie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran
| | - Ahmad R Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tarun Belwal
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Sandro Argüelles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sanchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, United States
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran.
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31
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Catani MV, Gasperi V, Bisogno T, Maccarrone M. Essential Dietary Bioactive Lipids in Neuroinflammatory Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:37-60. [PMID: 28637354 PMCID: PMC5984567 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Under physiological conditions, neurons and glia are in a healthy, redox-balanced environment; when injury perturbs this equilibrium, a neuroinflammatory state is established by activated microglia that triggers pro-inflammatory responses and alters the oxidant/antioxidant balance, thus leading to neuronal loss and neurodegeneration. In neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyothrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis), the brain is in a constitutively self-sustaining cycle of inflammation and oxidative stress that prompts and amplifies brain damage. Recent Advances: Recently, an increasing amount of scientific data highlight the ability of specific nutrients to cross the blood-brain barrier, and to modulate inflammatory and oxidative pathways. Therefore, nutritional approaches may contribute to restore the lost equilibrium among factors accounting for neurodegeneration. CRITICAL ISSUES Herein, we critically examine how essential lipids (including fatty acids, liposoluble vitamins and phytosterols) might contribute to accelerate or prevent the onset and progression of such pathologies. In particular, we highlight that experimental and clinical findings, although promising, are still inadequate to draw definitive conclusions. FUTURE DIRECTIONS More research is warranted in order to establish the real impact of lipid intake on brain health, especially when redox balance and inflammatory responses have been already compromised. In the future, it would be hoped to gain a detailed knowledge of chemical modifications and dynamic properties of such nutrients, before planning to exploit them as potential therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 37-60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Gasperi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bisogno
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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32
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Vela S, Sainz N, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Solas M, Ramirez MJ. DHA Selectively Protects SAMP-8-Associated Cognitive Deficits Through Inhibition of JNK. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1618-1627. [PMID: 29911253 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A potential role of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) has been suggested in memory, learning, and cognitive processes. Therefore, ω-3 PUFAs might be a promising treatment option, albeit controversial, for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the different mechanisms that have been proposed as responsible for the beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFAs, inhibition of JNK stands as a particularly interesting candidate. In the present work, it has been studied whether the administration of two different PUFAs (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) and a DHA-derived specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator (MaR1) is able to reverse cognitive deficits in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mouse model of sporadic AD. The novel object recognition test (NORT) test showed that recognition memory was significantly impaired in SAMP8 mice, as shown by a significantly decreased discrimination index that was reversed by MaR1 and DHA. In the retention phase of the Morris water maze (MWM) task, SAMP8 mice showed memory deficit that only DHA treatment was able to reverse. pJNK levels were significantly increased in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice compared to SAMR1 mice, and only DHA treatment was able to significantly reverse these increased pJNK levels. Similar results were found when measuring c-Jun, the main JNK substrate. Consequently to the increases in tau phosphorylation after increased pJNK, it was checked that tau phosphorylation (PHF-1) was increased in SAMP mice, and this effect was reversed after DHA treatment. Altogether, DHA could represent a new approach for the treatment of AD through JNK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vela
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sainz
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Solas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. .,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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Zhou MM, Ding L, Wen M, Che HX, Huang JQ, Zhang TT, Xue CH, Mao XZ, Wang YM. Mechanisms of DHA-enriched phospholipids in improving cognitive deficits in aged SAMP8 mice with high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 59:64-75. [PMID: 29986309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that a high-fat diet (HFD) is involved in both metabolic dysfunction and cognitive deficiency and that docosahexaenoic-acid-enriched phospholipids (DHA-PLs) have beneficial effects on obesity and cognitive impairment. However, there are only a few studies comparing differences between DHA-PC and DHA-PS in HFD-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. After 8 weeks feeding with HFD, 10-month-old SAMP8 mice were fed with 1% (w/w) DHA-PC or 1% DHA-PS (biosynthesized from DHA-PC) for 8 weeks; we then tested the behavioral performances in the Barnes maze test and Morris maze test. The changes of the generation and accumulation of Aβ, oxidative stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation and neurotrophic factors were also measured. The results indicated that both DHA-PC and DHA-PS significantly improved the metabolic disorders and cognitive deficits. Both DHA-PC and DHA-PS could ameliorate oxidative stress, and DHA-PS presented more notable benefits than DHA-PC on Aβ pathology, mitochondrial damage, neuroinflammation and neurotrophic factors; DHA-PS was for the first time found to increase the production of insoluble Aβ (less pathogenic) in this AD model. These data suggest that DHA-PLs can significantly improve cognitive deficiency, and the molecular mechanisms for this closely relate to the phospholipid polar groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Lin Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Min Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Hong-Xia Che
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Jia-Qi Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological products, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xiang-Zhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological products, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological products, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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34
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Cacabelos R. Have there been improvements in Alzheimer's disease drug discovery over the past 5 years? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:523-538. [PMID: 29607687 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1457645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most important neurodegenerative disorder with a global cost worldwide of over $700 billion. Pharmacological treatment accounts for 10-20% of direct costs; no new drugs have been approved during the past 15 years; and the available medications are not cost-effective. Areas covered: A massive scrutiny of AD-related PubMed publications (ps)(2013-2017) identified 42,053ps of which 8,380 (19.60%) were associated with AD treatments. The most prevalent pharmacological categories included neurotransmitter enhancers (11.38%), multi-target drugs (2.45%), anti-Amyloid agents (13.30%), anti-Tau agents (2.03%), natural products and derivatives (25.58%), novel drugs (8.13%), novel targets (5.66%), other (old) drugs (11.77%), anti-inflammatory drugs (1.20%), neuroprotective peptides (1.25%), stem cell therapy (1.85%), nanocarriers/nanotherapeutics (1.52%), and others (<1% each). Expert opinion: Unsuccessful outcomes in AD therapeutics are attributed to pathogenic misconceptions, erratic procedures in drug development and inappropriate regulations. Recommendations for the future are as follows: (i) the reconsideration of dominant pathogenic theories, (ii) the identification of reliable biomarkers, (iii) the redefinition of diagnostic criteria, (iv) new guidelines for disease management, (v) the reorientation of drug discovery programs, (vi) the updating of regulatory requirements, (vii) the introduction of pharmacogenomics in drug development and personalized treatments, and (viii) the implementation of preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- a EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center , Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine , Corunna , Spain.,b Chair of Genomic Medicine , Continental University Medical School , Huancayo , Peru
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Zhang YP, Miao R, Li Q, Wu T, Ma F. Effects of DHA Supplementation on Hippocampal Volume and Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 12-Month Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:497-507. [PMID: 27716665 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is important for brain function, and higher DHA intake is inversely correlated with relative risk of Alzheimer's disease. The potential benefits of DHA supplementation in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have not been fully examined. Our study aimed to determine the effect of DHA supplementation on cognitive function and hippocampal atrophy in elderly subjects with MCI. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Tianjin, China. 240 individuals with MCI aged 65 years and over were recruited and equalized randomly allocated to the DHA or the placebo group. Participants received 12-month DHA supplementation (2 g/day) or corn oil as placebo. Both global and specific subdomains of cognitive function and hippocampal volume were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Both changes were analyzed by repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA). This trial has been registered: ChiCTR-IOR-15006058. A total of 219 participants (DHA: 110, Placebo: 109) completed the trial. The change in mean serum DHA levels was greater in the intervention group (+3.85%) compared to the control group (+1.06%). Repeated-measures analyses of covariance showed that, over 12 months, there was a significant difference in the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (ηp2 = 0.084; p = 0.039), Information (ηp2 = 0.439; p = 0.000), and Digit Span (ηp2 = 0.375; p = 0.000) between DHA-treated versus the placebo group. In addition, there were significant differences in volumes of left hippocampus (ηp2 = 0.121, p = 0.016), right hippocampus (ηp2 = 0.757, p = 0.008), total hippocampus (ηp2 = 0.124, p = 0.023), and global cerebrum (ηp2 = 0.145, p = 0.032) between the two groups. These findings suggest that DHA supplementation (2 g/day) for 12 months in MCI subjects can significantly improve cognitive function and slow the progression of hippocampal atrophy. Larger, longer-term confirmatory studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rujuan Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianfeng Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Whittington RA, Planel E, Terrando N. Impaired Resolution of Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1464. [PMID: 29163531 PMCID: PMC5681480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains the leading cause of dementia worldwide, and over the last several decades, the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disorder has been increasingly elucidated. The initiation of the acute inflammatory response is counterbalanced by an active process termed resolution. This process is designed to restore homeostasis and promote tissue healing by the activation of neutrophilic apoptosis, promotion of neutrophil clearance by macrophages, and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, while concurrently leading to a diminution in pro-inflammatory mediators. The switch from the initiation to the resolution phase of inflammation is initially characterized by increased production of arachidonic acid-derived pro-resolving lipoxins and decreases in pro-inflammatory prostaglandin and leukotriene levels, subsequently followed by increases in specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs). There is mounting evidence that in AD, the resolution of inflammation is impaired, resulting in chronic inflammation and the exacerbation of the AD-related pathology. In this review, we examine preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the hypothesis that AD is a neurodegenerative disorder where the impairment or failure of resolution contributes to the disease process. Moreover, we review the literature supporting the potential therapeutic role of ω-3 FAs and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in the management of the disease. Lastly, we highlight areas that could strengthen the association of failed resolution to AD and should, therefore, be the focus of future scientific investigations in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Whittington
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU de Quebec, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Neurosciences, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Niccolò Terrando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Grimm MOW, Michaelson DM, Hartmann T. Omega-3 fatty acids, lipids, and apoE lipidation in Alzheimer's disease: a rationale for multi-nutrient dementia prevention. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:2083-2101. [PMID: 28528321 PMCID: PMC5665674 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r076331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, it has become obvious that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely linked to changes in lipids or lipid metabolism. One of the main pathological hallmarks of AD is amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. Aβ is derived from sequential proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Interestingly, both, the APP and all APP secretases are transmembrane proteins that cleave APP close to and in the lipid bilayer. Moreover, apoE4 has been identified as the most prevalent genetic risk factor for AD. ApoE is the main lipoprotein in the brain, which has an abundant role in the transport of lipids and brain lipid metabolism. Several lipidomic approaches revealed changes in the lipid levels of cerebrospinal fluid or in post mortem AD brains. Here, we review the impact of apoE and lipids in AD, focusing on the major brain lipid classes, sphingomyelin, plasmalogens, gangliosides, sulfatides, DHA, and EPA, as well as on lipid signaling molecules, like ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate. As nutritional approaches showed limited beneficial effects in clinical studies, the opportunities of combining different supplements in multi-nutritional approaches are discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus O W Grimm
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Department of Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, and Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Daniel M Michaelson
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Department of Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, and Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Kerdiles O, Layé S, Calon F. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and brain health: Preclinical evidence for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Celik E, Sanlier N. Effects of nutrient and bioactive food components on Alzheimer's disease and epigenetic. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:102-113. [PMID: 28799782 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1359488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that is becoming widespread. For this reason, in recent years factors affecting the development, progression and cognitive function of the AD have been emphasized. Nutrients and other bioactive nutrients are among the factors that are effective in AD. In particular, vitamins A, C and E, vitamins B1, B6 and B12, folate, magnesium, choline, inositol, anthocyanins, isoflavones etc. nutrients and bioactive nutrients are known to be effective in the development of AD. Nutrients and nutrient components may also have an epigenetic effect on AD. At the same time, nutrients and bioactive food components slow down the progression of the disease. For this reason, the effect of nutrients and food components on AD was examined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Celik
- a Gazi University , Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- a Gazi University , Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Ankara , Turkey
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Fraga VG, Carvalho MDG, Caramelli P, de Sousa LP, Gomes KB. Resolution of inflammation, n-3 fatty acid supplementation and Alzheimer disease: A narrative review. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 310:111-119. [PMID: 28778434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a persistent and unresolved neuroinflammatory process can contribute to neuronal loss and a decline in their cognitive and functional abilities. Recent studies have demonstrated that the ability to resolve inflammation is impaired in the brains of patients with AD. Preclinical evidence demonstrates the potential of therapeutic interventions on the resolution phase of inflammation in AD. Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs), precursors for specialized pro-resolving mediators, emerged as a possibility for prevention and management of AD. Here, we provide a narrative review of resolving inflammation in AD and the role of n-3 FA supplementation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gomes Fraga
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Carvalho
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia Pires de Sousa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Therapeutic Potentials of Microalgae in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030480. [PMID: 28335462 PMCID: PMC6155420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research is geared towards the discovery of new compounds with strong neuroprotective potential and few or no side effects compared to synthetic drugs. This review focuses on the potentials of extracts and biologically active compounds derived from microalgal biomass for the treatment and management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Microalgal research has gained much attention recently due to its contribution to the production of renewable fuels and the ability of alga cells to produce several secondary metabolites such as carotenoids, polyphenols, sterols, polyunsaturated fatty acids and polysaccharides. These compounds exhibit several pharmacological activities and possess neuroprotective potential. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves complex mechanisms that are associated with oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, neuronal damage, protein misfolding and aggregation. The antioxidant, anticholinesterase activities as well as the inhibitory effects of some bioactive compounds from microalgae extracts on β-amyloid aggregation and neuronal death are discussed extensively. Phytochemical compounds from microalgae are used as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and food supplements, and may possess neuroprotective potentials that are relevant to the management and/or treatment of AD.
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Devassy JG, Leng S, Gabbs M, Monirujjaman M, Aukema HM. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Oxylipins in Neuroinflammation and Management of Alzheimer Disease. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:905-16. [PMID: 27633106 PMCID: PMC5015035 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is becoming one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative conditions worldwide. Although the disease progression is becoming better understood, current medical interventions can only ameliorate some of the symptoms but cannot slow disease progression. Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the advancement of this disorder, and n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are involved in both the reduction in and resolution of inflammation. These effects may be mediated by the anti-inflammatory and proresolving effects of bioactive lipid mediators (oxylipins) derived from n-3 PUFAs [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] in fish oil. Although interventions have generally used fish oil containing both EPA and DHA, several studies that used either EPA or DHA alone or specific oxylipins derived from these fatty acids indicate that they have distinct effects. Both DHA and EPA can reduce neuroinflammation and cognitive decline, but EPA positively influences mood disorders, whereas DHA maintains normal brain structure. Fewer studies with a plant-derived n-3 PUFA, α-linolenic acid, suggest that other n-3 PUFAs and their oxylipins also may positively affect AD. Further research identifying the unique anti-inflammatory and proresolving properties of oxylipins from individual n-3 PUFAs will enable the discovery of novel disease-management strategies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
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Hashimoto M, Hossain S, Al Mamun A, Matsuzaki K, Arai H. Docosahexaenoic acid: one molecule diverse functions. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:579-597. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1207153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shahdat Hossain
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Brain Sciences, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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DHA-PC and DHA-PS improved Aβ1–40 induced cognitive deficiency uncoupled with an increase in brain DHA in rats. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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