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Tao X, Hu Y, Mao N, Shen M, Fang M, Zhang M, Lou J, Fang Y, Guo X, Lin Z. Echinatin alleviates inflammation and pyroptosis in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage by inhibiting TLR4/ NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112372. [PMID: 38850784 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a primary cause of neonatal death and disabilities. The pathogenetic process of HIE is closely associated with neuroinflammation. Therefore, targeting and suppressing inflammatory pathways presents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HIE. Echinatin is an active component of glycyrrhiza, with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. It is commonly combined with other traditional Chinese herbs to exert heat-clearing and detoxifying effects. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Echinatin in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, as well as in PC12 cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). In vivo, Echinatin effectively reduced cerebral edema and infarct volume, protected brain tissue morphology, improved long-term behavioral functions, and inhibited microglia activation. These effects were accompanied by the downregulation of inflammatory factors and pyroptosis markers. The RNA sequencing analysis revealed an enrichment of inflammatory genes in rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, and Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB as the key regulators. In vitro, Echinatin reduced the levels of TLR4 relevant proteins, inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB, reduced the expression of downstreams inflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis proteins, and prevented cell membrane destructions. These findings demonstrated that Echinatin could inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, thereby alleviating neuroinflammation and pyroptosis. This suggests that Echinatin could be a potential candidate for the treatment of HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Tao
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Niping Mao
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Mingchu Fang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jia Lou
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Basic Medical Research Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang,325027, China.
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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González LPF, Rodrigues FDS, Jantsch J, Fraga GDF, Squizani S, Castro LFDS, Correia LL, Neto JP, Giovenardi M, Porawski M, Guedes RP. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on anxiety-like behaviors and neuroinflammation in Wistar rats following cafeteria diet-induced obesity. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:172-183. [PMID: 36657165 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2168229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTObjetives: Omega-3 (n3) fatty acids have been studied as an option to alleviate the harmful effects of obesity. However, its role in obesity-related behavioral changes is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of n3 on behavior and neuroinflammation in obese animals. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control diet (CT), CT+n3, cafeteria diet (CAF), and CAF+n3. Diet was administered for 13 weeks, and n3 was supplemented during the last 5 weeks. Metabolic and biochemical parameters were evaluated, as well as anxiety-like behaviors. Immunoblots were conducted in the animals' cerebral cortex and hippocampus to assess changes in neuroinflammatory markers.Results: CAF-fed animals showed higher weight gain, visceral adiposity, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin levels, and n3 improved the lipid profile and restored insulin sensitivity. CAF-fed rats showed anxiety-like behaviors in the open field and light-dark box tasks but not in the contextual aversive conditioning. Omega-3 did not exert any effect on these behaviors. Regarding neuroinflammation, diet and supplementation acted in a region-specific manner. In the hippocampus, CAF reduced claudin-5 expression with no effect of n3, indicating a brain-blood barrier disruption following CAF. Furthermore, in the hippocampus, the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) were reduced in treated obese animals. However, n3 could not reverse the TLR-4 expression increase in the cerebral cortex.Discussion: Although n3 may protect against some neuroinflammatory manifestations in the hippocampus, it does not seem sufficient to reverse the increase in anxiolytic manifestations caused by CAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Paola Facciola González
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Farias Fraga
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Samia Squizani
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Dos Santos Castro
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lídia Luz Correia
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Pereira Neto
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovenardi
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Li L, Lin Z, Yuan J, Li P, Wang Q, Cho N, Wang Y, Lin Z. The neuroprotective mechanisms of naringenin: Inhibition of apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT pathway after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116941. [PMID: 37480970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Naringenin (NGN) is a widely distributed flavonoid with potent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Neuroprotective agents play a crucial role in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). It has shown potential therapeutic effects for neurological disorders. However, its efficacy on HIE is yet to be investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of naringenin and its underlying molecular mechanisms in reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and improving brain outcomes following HIE. Additionally, the study aims to identify the potential targets, mechanisms, and functions of naringenin using network pharmacology analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neonatal mice were exposed to the hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) model to determine brain water content, and brain tissue was subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE), immunohistochemistry (IHC), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and Nissl staining to investigate its neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, the neonatal mouse primary neuron oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in vitro. The protein levels were characterized by Western Blot, and mRNA levels were evaluated by a real-time quantitative PCR detecting system (qPCR). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and mitochondrial fluorescent staining were used to observe mitochondrial morphology. Neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) were detected by Immunofluorescence (IF). Finally, network pharmacology was employed to determine the common target of naringenin and HIE. The core genes were obtained via protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) analysis and molecular docking was examined, and the mechanism of action was explored through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Additionally, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was constructed for verification. RESULTS Naringenin has a neuroprotective effect in HIBD by modulating Vegfa expression and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway to inhibit apoptosis. Furthermore, molecular docking results suggest that Vegfa is a potential binding target of naringenin, and silencing Vegfa partially reverses the pharmacological effects of NGN. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that naringenin demonstrates potential clinical application for treating HIE as a novel neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Yuan
- Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xiabao Road, Chengdong Street of Wenling City, Zhejiang Province, 317500, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Namki Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Wu BA, Chand KK, Bell A, Miller SL, Colditz PB, Malhotra A, Wixey JA. Effects of fetal growth restriction on the perinatal neurovascular unit and possible treatment targets. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:59-69. [PMID: 37674023 PMCID: PMC10798895 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02805-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) within the brain is a multicellular unit that synergistically acts to maintain blood-brain barrier function and meet cerebral metabolic demand. Recent studies have indicated disruption to the NVU is associated with neuropathology in the perinatal brain. Infants with fetal growth restriction (FGR) are known to be at increased risk of neurodevelopmental conditions including motor, learning, and behavioural deficits. There are currently no neuroprotective treatments for these conditions. In this review, we analyse large animal studies examining the effects of FGR on the perinatal NVU. These studies show altered vascularity in the FGR brain as well as blood-brain barrier dysfunction due to underlying cellular changes, mediated by neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a key mechanism associated with pathological effects in the FGR brain. Hence, targeting inflammation may be key to preserving the multicellular NVU and providing neuroprotection in FGR. A number of maternal and postnatal therapies with anti-inflammatory components have been investigated in FGR animal models examining targets for amelioration of NVU disruption. Each therapy showed promise by uniquely ameliorating the adverse effects of FGR on multiple aspects of the NVU. The successful implementation of a clinically viable neuroprotective treatment has the potential to improve outcomes for neonates affected by FGR. IMPACT: Disruption to the neurovascular unit is associated with neuropathology in fetal growth restriction. Inflammation is a key mechanism associated with neurovascular unit disruption in the growth-restricted brain. Anti-inflammatory treatments ameliorate adverse effects on the neurovascular unit and may provide neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Anthony Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirat K Chand
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander Bell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul B Colditz
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Perinatal Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie A Wixey
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Wen J, Satyanarayanan SK, Li A, Yan L, Zhao Z, Yuan Q, Su KP, Su H. Unraveling the impact of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and glymphatic function. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:335-355. [PMID: 37914102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia represent major public health challenges but effective therapeutic options are limited. Pathological brain aging is associated with microvascular changes and impaired clearance systems. The application of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 or omega-3 PUFAs) is one of the most promising nutritional interventions in neurodegenerative disorders from epidemiological data, clinical and pre-clinical studies. As essential components of neuronal membranes, n-3 PUFAs have shown neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as modulatory effects through microvascular pathophysiology, amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance and glymphatic pathways. This review meticulously explores these underlying mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs against AD and dementia, synthesizing evidence from both animal and interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Lingli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Ziai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
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Liu C, Wang C, Zhang H, Gao X, Xiao P, Yu M, Wang X, Wang X, Wang X. Hypoxia ischemia results in blood brain barrier damage via AKT/GSK-3β/CREB pathway in neonatal rats. Brain Res 2024; 1822:148640. [PMID: 37863169 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have showed that the permeability of blood brain barrier (BBB) increased after hypoxia ischemia (HI). The current research uncovered the mechanism of altered BBB permeability after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) through AKT/GSK-3β/CREB signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Firstly, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess brain injury. Initial findings showed abnormal signals in T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Changes also happened in the morphology of nerve cells. Subsequently, we found that BBB damage is manifested as leakage of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and destruction of BBB-related proteins and ultrastructure. Meanwhile, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) significantly increased at 24 h after HIBD compared to a series of time points. Additionally, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining combined with Western blot (WB) was used to verify the function of the AKT/GSK-3β/CREB signaling pathway in BBB damage after HI in neonatal rats. Results showed that less Claudin-5, ZO-1, p-AKT, p-GSK-3β and p-CREB, along with more MMP-9 protein expression were visible on the damaged side of the cerebral cortex in the HIBD group in contrast to the sham and HIBD + SC79 groups. Together, our findings demonstrated that HI in neonatal rats might upregulate the levels of MMP-9 protein and downregulate the levels of Claudin-5 and ZO-1 by inhibiting the AKT/GSK-3β/CREB pathway, thus disrupting the BBB, which in turn aggravates brain damage after HI in neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmeng Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Haimo Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaotian Gao
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Peilun Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xizhen Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Liu P, Li M, Wu W, Liu A, Hu H, Liu Q, Yi C. Protective effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on sepsis via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:306-315. [PMID: 36694426 PMCID: PMC9879202 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2168018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response caused by infection, with high morbidity and mortality. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) have reported biological activities. OBJECTIVE This study explored the signaling pathways through which ω-3 PUFAs protect against sepsis-induced multiorgan failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Septic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model was established by the cecum ligation perforation (CLP) method. Rats were divided into control, sham, model, parenteral ω-3 PUFAs (0.5 g/kg) treatment, ω-3 PUFAs (0.5 g/kg) + AMPK inhibitor Compound C (30 mg/kg) treatment, and ω-3 PUFAs (0.5 g/kg) + mTOR activator MHY1485 (10 mg/kg) treatment groups. The serum inflammatory cytokines were measured using ELISA. Organ damage-related markers cTnI, CK, CK-MB, Cr, BUN, ALT, and AST were measured using an automated chemical analyzer. The AMPK/mTOR pathway in liver, kidney, and myocardial tissues was detected using western blot and qRT-PCR methods. RESULTS CLP treatment enhanced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and multi-organ related markers, along with increased p-AMPK/AMPK ratio (from 0.47 to 0.87) and decreased p-mTOR/mTOR ratio (from 0.33 to 0.12) in rats. The inflammation response and multi-organ injury induced by CLP treatment could be partially counteracted by 0.5 g/kg parenteral ω-3 PUFA treatment. The activated AMPK/mTOR pathway in CLP-induced rats was further promoted. Finally, Compound C and MHY1485 could reverse the effects of parenteral ω-3 PUFA treatment on sepsis rats. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ω-3 PUFAs ameliorated sepsis development by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, serving as a potent therapeutic agent for sepsis. Further in vivo studies may validate potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Anjie Liu
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Qin Liu
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
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Khayat S, Fanaei H, Lakzaee N. Effects of prenatal mobile phone radiation exposure on MMP9 expression: Implications for inflammation, oxidative stress, and sensory-motor impairment after neonatal hypoxia- ischemia in rats. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:378-384. [PMID: 37927954 PMCID: PMC10622691 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-ionizing radiofrequency radiation, which finds application in various sectors such as industry, commerce, medicine, and particularly in mobile phone technology, has emerged as a topic of significant concern during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cell phone radio-frequency (RF) radiation during pregnancy on the Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and (MMP-9) 9 expressions after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in rats. Materials and methods Two groups were formed by randomly assigning female Wistar rats: Group 1 consisted of female rats that were not exposed to RF radiation during pregnancy, while Group 2 comprised female rats that were exposed to RF radiation during pregnancy. After delivery, male offspring were divided into four groups including: (a) SHAM, (b) Exposure (EXP), (c) hypoxia-ischemia (HI), (d) HI/Exposure (HI/EXP). Seven days after HI induction, neurobehavioral tests were performed, and then brain tissue was taken from the skull to measure MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions, inflammation, oxidative stress, infarct volume and cerebral edema. Results MMP-9 mRNA expression in the HI/EXP group was significantly higher than the HI, SHAM and EXP groups. MMP-2 mRNA expression levels in the HI group were significantly higher than Sham and the EXP groups.TNF-α and Total oxidant capacity (TOC) levels in the HI/EXP group were significantly higher than HI, EXP and SHAM groups. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level in the HI/EXP group were significantly lower than HI, EXP and SHAM groups. Cerebral edema and infarct volume in the HI/EXP group were significantly greater than the HI group. Sensory-motor function was significantly weaker in HI/EXP as compared HI group. Conclusion Our findings indicate that during pregnancy, exposure to mobile phone RF radiation intensifies damage from HI in rat pups by elevating MMP-9 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Khayat
- Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hamed Fanaei
- Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Narges Lakzaee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Kim HW, Yong H, Shea GKH. Blood-spinal cord barrier disruption in degenerative cervical myelopathy. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:68. [PMID: 37743487 PMCID: PMC10519090 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most prevalent cause of spinal cord dysfunction in the aging population. Significant neurological deficits may result from a delayed diagnosis as well as inadequate neurological recovery following surgical decompression. Here, we review the pathophysiology of DCM with an emphasis on how blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption is a critical yet neglected pathological feature affecting prognosis. In patients suffering from DCM, compromise of the BSCB is evidenced by elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to serum protein ratios and abnormal contrast-enhancement upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In animal model correlates, there is histological evidence of increased extravasation of tissue dyes and serum contents, and pathological changes to the neurovascular unit. BSCB dysfunction is the likely culprit for ischemia-reperfusion injury following surgical decompression, which can result in devastating neurological sequelae. As there are currently no therapeutic approaches specifically targeting BSCB reconstitution, we conclude the review by discussing potential interventions harnessed for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faulty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hu Yong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faulty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Graham Ka Hon Shea
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faulty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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10
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Wang K, Zhou W, Jin X, Shang X, Wu X, Wen L, Li S, Hong Y, Ke J, Xu Y, Yuan H, Hu F. Enhanced brain delivery of hypoxia-sensitive liposomes by hydroxyurea for rescue therapy of hyperacute ischemic stroke. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37377137 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01071f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality. Unfortunately, the only FDA-approved pharmacological thrombolytic, alteplase, has a narrow therapeutic window of only 4.5 h. Other drugs like neuroprotective agents have not been clinically used because of their low efficacy. To improve the efficacy of neuroprotective agents and the effectiveness of rescue therapies for hyperacute ischemic stroke, we investigated and verified the variation trends of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and regional cerebral blood flow over 24 h in rats that had ischemic strokes. Hypoperfusion and the biphasic increase of BBB permeability are still the main limiting factors for lesion-specific drug distribution and drug brain penetration. Herein, the nitric oxide donor hydroxyurea (HYD) was reported to downregulate the expression of tight junction proteins and upregulate intracellular nitric oxide content in the brain microvascular endothelial cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation, which was shown to facilitate the transport of liposomes across brain endothelial monolayer in an in vitro model. HYD also increased the BBB permeability and promoted microcirculation in the hyperacute phase of stroke. The neutrophil-like cell-membrane-fusogenic hypoxia-sensitive liposomes exhibited excellent performance in targeting the inflamed brain microvascular endothelial cells, enhancing cell association, and promoting rapid hypoxic-responsive release in the hypoxic microenvironment. Overall, the combined HYD and hypoxia-sensitive liposome dosing regimen effectively decreased the cerebral infarction volume and relieved neurological dysfunction in rats that had ischemic strokes; these therapies were involved in the anti-oxidative stress effect and the neurotrophic effect mediated by macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Wentao Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Xiangyu Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Xuwei Shang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Wen
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Sufen Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Yiling Hong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Jia Ke
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Yichong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
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11
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Fang M, Liu J, Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhu J, Lin Z. Chloroquine Protects Hypoxia/Ischemia-Induced Neonatal Brain Injury in Rats by Mitigating Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1764-1773. [PMID: 37116216 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (H/I) brain damage (HIBD) is a devastating condition for which there are presently no effective therapeutic strategies against its severe neurological deficits in neonates and young children. Traditionally, H/I induces the compromise of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which causes neuronal cell death, eventually resulting in brain secondary injury. In addition to neonatal HIBD, chloroquine (CQ) has been proved to exert a protective effect on BBB disruption in several brain injury models. The main purpose of this research was to study whether CQ protects the BBB from H/I insult and confers beneficial neuroprotection in the neonatal Rice-Vannucci rat model. Herein, we reported that CQ administration significantly reduced brain damage and improved behavioral dysplasia after H/I injury. Moreover, we demonstrated the protective effects of CQ on BBB integrity, evidenced by ameliorating brain edema and Evans blue extravasation, inhibiting the degeneration of the tight junction and adherens junction proteins, and improving pericyte survival in neonatal rats after HIBD. These findings indicated that CQ administration protected the BBB against H/I injury, thereby ameliorating brain damage and promoting neurofunctional recovery. Collectively, our data demonstrated that CQ played a crucial role in BBB integrity after neonatal H/I injury, which sheds light on the development of therapeutic agents to treat HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchu Fang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yueqi Li
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianghu Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
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12
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Fu XQ, Lin ZL, Li LY, Wang Q, Deng L, Lin Z, Lin JJ, Wang XY, Shen TY, Zheng YH, Lin W, Li PJ. Chlorogenic acid alleviates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:568-576. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.350203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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13
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Fu J, Huang Y, Xian L. LncRNA SNHG15 regulates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury via miR-153-3p/SETD7 axis. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:1113-1125. [PMID: 35791576 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of fatality and morbidity in newborns. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 15 (SNHG15) was elevated in the peripheral blood of patients with acute cerebral ischemia, but its role in HI brain injury remained elusive. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of SNHG15 on HI brain injury and study the precise mechanism of action. In this study, a mouse model of HI brain injury was established through ligating right carotid arteries. The oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model was established in PC12 cells. Results showed that SNHG15 was elevated in brain tissues of mice with HI brain injury, and knockdown of SNHG15 attenuated HI-induced impairment of neurobehavioral function, brain edema, brain injury, and cell apoptosis. Besides, SNHG15 acted as a miR-153-3p sponge. SETD7 was identified to be a target of miR-153-3p. Furthermore, down-regulation of SNHG15 inhibited the OGD-induced increase in SETD7 expression in PC12 cells. Moreover, SNHG15 modulated OGD-induced cell apoptosis and decrease of cell viability through the miR-153-3p/SETD7 axis. In conclusion, knockdown of SNHG15 alleviated HI brain injury through modulating the miR-153-3p/ SETD7 axis. SNHG15 may be a prospective target for HIE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiding Fu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunbo Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lewu Xian
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Zhao Q, Chen T, Ni C, Hu Y, Nan Y, Lin W, Liu Y, Zheng F, Shi X, Lin Z, Zhu J, Lin Z. Indole-3-propionic Acid Attenuates HI-Related Blood-Brain Barrier Injury in Neonatal Rats by Modulating the PXR Signaling Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2897-2912. [PMID: 36129348 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important physiological barrier of the human body contributing to maintaining brain homeostasis and normal function. Hypoxic-ischemic (HI)-related brain injury is one of the main causes of neonatal acute morbidity and chronic disability. The previous research of our group confirmed that there was serious BBB destruction during HI brain injury. However, at present, the protection strategy of BBB is very limited, and further research on the protection mechanism is warranted. Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) is a bacterial metabolism with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, having neuroprotective effects and protective effects on the mucosal barrier. However, the role of IPA in BBB is not clear. In this research, we demonstrated the protective effect of IPA on BBB disruption from HI brain injury and hypothesized that it involves the amelioration of inflammation, oxidative stress, and MMP activation, thereby inhibiting apoptosis of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs). We demonstrated that expression levels of several inflammatory markers, including iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, were significantly increased from HI damage or OGD injury. However, IPA treatment inhibited the increase significantly. Moreover, we demonstrated that IPA reduced intracellular ROS levels and MMP activation in rBMECs from OGD injury. Further research on the underlying detailed molecular mechanisms suggested that IPA attenuates inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Finally, we investigated the mechanism of the relationship between PXR activation and NF-κB inhibition. The results suggested overexpression of PXR in rBMECs could significantly counteract the decrease of junction proteins and downregulate the increased p-IκB-α and p-NF-κB from OGD injury. However, the protective effects of IPA were reversed by antagonists of the PXR. Taken together, IPA might mitigate HI-induced damage of the BBB and the protective effect may be exerted through modulating the PXR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlei Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yan Nan
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of PICU, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Feixia Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xulai Shi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhongdong Lin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jianghu Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
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15
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Li E, Horn N, Ajuwon KM. EPA and DHA inhibit endocytosis of claudin-4 and protect against deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction through PPARγ dependent and independent pathways in jejunal IPEC-J2 cells. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Indole-3-carbinol in Experimental Focal Ischemic Injury. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:593-605. [PMID: 35482227 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-022-00771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is reported to have neuroprotective properties in an animal model of ischemic stroke. However, the pharmacokinetics of I3C in stroke animals are unknown. Furthermore, the most effective method of I3C delivery for the treatment of stroke has yet to be determined. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of I3C to discover the most effective delivery route for protecting the brain from ischemic injury. METHODS With oral and intravenous administration, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of I3C in sham and middle cerebral artery occluded (MCAO) rats were investigated. RESULTS I3C administration in sham and MCAO rats did not alter the pharmacokinetic parameters such as maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax, half-life, area under the curve, mean residential time, volume of distribution, clearance, bioavailability, and tissue distribution. A higher amount of diindolylmethane (DIM) was observed with oral administration of I3C compared to intravenous administration in the plasma (5 fold), brain (4 fold), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (2-3 fold). Orally delivered I3C significantly reduced neurological deficits, brain infarction (20%), blood-brain barrier leakage (15 μg/g), and brain water content (75%) in MCAO rats compared to intravenous administration of I3C. CONCLUSIONS I3C pharmacokinetic parameters were similar in sham and MCAO rats, but I3C and DIM penetration in the brain and CSF was significantly higher in MCAO rats than in sham animals, and I3C oral intake significantly reduced MCAO-induced neurological impairments. Consequently, compared to intravenous treatment, I3C oral delivery is more effective in treating ischemic stroke.
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17
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Siahanidou T, Spiliopoulou C. Pharmacological Neuroprotection of the Preterm Brain: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:479-491. [PMID: 32961562 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in viability, the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm babies remain serious concern as a significant percentage of these infants develop neurological and/or intellectual impairment, and they are also at increased risk of psychiatric illnesses later in life. The current challenge is to develop neuroprotective approaches to improve adverse outcomes in preterm survivors. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the current evidence on pharmacological agents targeting the neuroprotection of the preterm brain. Among them, magnesium sulfate, given antenatally to pregnant women with imminent preterm birth before 30 to 34 weeks of gestation, as well as caffeine administered to preterm infants after birth, exhibited neuroprotective effects for human preterm brain. Erythropoietin treatment of preterm infants did not result in neuroprotection at 2 years of age in two out of three published large randomized controlled trials; however, long-term follow-up of these infants is needed to come to definite conclusions. Further studies are also required to assess whether melatonin, neurosteroids, inhaled nitric oxide, allopurinol, or dietary supplements (omega-3 fatty acids, choline, curcumin, etc.) could be implemented as neuroprotectants in clinical practice. Furthermore, other pharmacological agents showing promising signs of neuroprotective efficacy in preclinical studies (growth factors, hyaluronidase inhibitors or treatment, antidiabetic drugs, cannabidiol, histamine-H3 receptor antagonists, etc.), as well as stem cell- or exosomal-based therapies and nanomedicine, may prove useful in the future as potential neuroprotective approaches for human preterm brain. KEY POINTS: · Magnesium and caffeine have neuroprotective effects for the preterm brain.. · Follow-up of infants treated with erythropoietin is needed.. · Neuroprotective efficacy of several drugs in animals needs to be shown in humans..
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Siahanidou
- Neonatal Unit of the First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Mediated by FFA1 Receptor-Evidence Using Miniscope. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042258. [PMID: 35216375 PMCID: PMC8875452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), obtained from diet and dietary supplements, have been tested in clinical trials for the prevention or treatment of several diseases. n-3 PUFAs exert their effects by activation of free fatty acid (FFA) receptors. FFA1 receptor, expressed in the pancreas and brain, is activated by medium- to long-chain fatty acids. Despite some beneficial effects on cognition, the effects of n-3 PUFAs on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are not clearly understood. We examined the effects of FFA1 activation on BBB permeability in vitro, using rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMVEC), and in vivo, by assessing Evans Blue extravasation and by performing live imaging of brain microcirculation in adult rats. AMG837, a synthetic FFA1 agonist, produced a dose-dependent decrease in RBMVEC monolayer resistance assessed with Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS); the effect was attenuated by the FFA1 antagonist, GW1100. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that AMG837 produced a disruption in tight and adherens junction proteins. AMG837 increased Evans Blue content in the rat brain in a dose-dependent manner. Live imaging studies of rat brain microcirculation with miniaturized fluorescence microscopy (miniscope) showed that AMG837 increased extravasation of sodium fluorescein. Taken together, our results demonstrate that FFA1 receptor activation reduced RBMVEC barrier function and produced a transient increase in BBB permeability.
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Misilimu D, Li W, Chen D, Wei P, Huang Y, Li S, Grothusen J, Gao Y. Intranasal Salvinorin A Improves Long-term Neurological Function via Immunomodulation in a Mouse Ischemic Stroke Model. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:350-366. [PMID: 34596819 PMCID: PMC9726789 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Salvinorin A (SA), a highly selective kappa opioid receptor agonist, has been shown to reduce brain infarct volume and improve neurological function after ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood yet. Therefore, we explored whether SA provides neuroprotective effects by regulating the immune response after ischemic stroke both in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral circulation. In this study, adult male mice were subjected to transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (tMCAO) and then were treated intranasally with SA (50 μg/kg) or with the vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Multiple behavioral tests were used to evaluate neurofunction. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain. The tracer cadaverine and endogenous immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasation were used to detect blood brain barrier leakage. We observed that SA intranasal administration after ischemic stroke decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in the brain. SA promoted the polarization of microglia/macrophages into a transitional phenotype and decreased the pro-inflammatory phenotype in the brain after tMCAO. Interestingly, SA treatment scarcely altered the number of peripheral immune cells but decreased the macrophage and neutrophil infiltration into the brain at 24 h after tMCAO. Furthermore, SA treatment also preserved BBB integrity, reduced long-term brain atrophy and white matter injury, as well as improved the long-term neurofunctional outcome in mice. In this study, intranasal administration of SA improved long-term neurological function via immuno-modulation and by preserving blood-brain barrier integrity in a mouse ischemic stroke model, suggesting that SA could potentially serve as an alternative treatment strategy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilidaer Misilimu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengju Wei
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sicheng Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - John Grothusen
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104 USA
| | - Yanqin Gao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Thomas A, Crivello F, Mazoyer B, Debette S, Tzourio C, Samieri C. Fish Intake and MRI Burden of Cerebrovascular Disease in Older Adults. Neurology 2021; 97:e2213-e2222. [PMID: 34732545 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fish intake may prevent cerebrovascular disease (CVD), yet the mechanisms are unclear, especially regarding its impact on subclinical damage. Assuming that fish may have pleiotropic effect on cerebrovascular health, we investigated the association of fish intake with global CVD burden based on brain MRI markers. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included participants from the Three-City Dijon population-based cohort (age ≥65 years) without dementia, stroke, or history of hospitalized cardiovascular disease who underwent brain MRI with automated assessment of white matter hyperintensities, visual detection of covert infarcts, and grading of dilated perivascular spaces. Fish intake was assessed through a frequency questionnaire, and the primary outcome measure was defined as the first component of a factor analysis of mixed data applied to MRI markers. The association of fish intake with the CVD burden indicator was studied with linear regressions. RESULTS In total, 1,623 participants (mean age 72.3 years, 63% women) were included. The first component of factor analysis (32.4% of explained variance) was associated with higher levels of all 3 MRI markers. Higher fish intake was associated with lower CVD burden. In a model adjusted for total intracranial volume, compared to participants consuming fish <1 time per week, those consuming fish 2 to 3 and ≥4 times per week had a β = -0.19 (95% confidence interval -0.37 to -0.01) and β = -0.30 (-0.57 to -0.03) lower indicator of CVD burden, respectively (p trend < 0.001). We found evidence of effect modification by age such that the association of fish to CVD was stronger in younger participants (65-69 years) and not significant in participants ≥75 years of age. For comparison, in the younger age group, consuming fish 2 to 3 times a week was roughly equivalent (in the opposite direction) to the effect of hypertension. DISCUSSION In this large population-based study, higher frequency of fish intake was associated with lower CVD burden, especially among participants <75 years of age, suggesting a beneficial effect on brain vascular health before manifestation of overt brain disease. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that in individuals without stroke or dementia, higher fish intake is associated with lower subclinical CVD on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Thomas
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France.
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France
| | - Stephanie Debette
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France
| | - Cecilia Samieri
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France
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21
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Neurovascular Unit Alterations in the Growth-Restricted Newborn Are Improved Following Ibuprofen Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:1018-1040. [PMID: 34825315 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The developing brain is particularly vulnerable to foetal growth restriction (FGR) and abnormal neurodevelopment is common in the FGR infant ranging from behavioural and learning disorders to cerebral palsy. No treatment exists to protect the FGR newborn brain. Recent evidence suggests inflammation may play a key role in the mechanism responsible for the progression of brain impairment in the FGR newborn, including disruption to the neurovascular unit (NVU). We explored whether ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug, could reduce NVU disruption and brain impairment in the FGR newborn. Using a preclinical FGR piglet model, ibuprofen was orally administered for 3 days from birth. FGR brains demonstrated a proinflammatory state, with changes to glial morphology (astrocytes and microglia), and blood-brain barrier disruption, assessed by IgG and albumin leakage into the brain parenchyma and a decrease in blood vessel density. Loss of interaction between astrocytic end-feet and blood vessels was evident where plasma protein leakage was present, suggestive of structural deficits to the NVU. T-cell infiltration was also evident in the parenchyma of FGR piglet brains. Ibuprofen treatment reduced the pro-inflammatory response in FGR piglets, reducing the number of activated microglia and enhancing astrocyte interaction with blood vessels. Ibuprofen also attenuated plasma protein leakage, regained astrocytic end-feet interaction around vessels, and decreased T-cell infiltration into the FGR brain. These findings suggest postnatal administration of ibuprofen modulates the inflammatory state, allowing for stronger interaction between vasculature and astrocytic end-feet to restore NVU integrity. Modulation of the NVU improves the FGR brain microenvironment and may be key to neuroprotection.
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22
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Chumak T, Lecuyer MJ, Nilsson AK, Faustino J, Ardalan M, Svedin P, Sjöbom U, Ek J, Obenaus A, Vexler ZS, Mallard C. Maternal n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Enriched Diet Commands Fatty Acid Composition in Postnatal Brain and Protects from Neonatal Arterial Focal Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 13:449-461. [PMID: 34674145 PMCID: PMC9046339 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The fetus is strongly dependent on nutrients from the mother, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In adult animals, n-3 PUFA ameliorates stroke-mediated brain injury, but the modulatory effects of different PUFA content in maternal diet on focal arterial stroke in neonates are unknown. This study explored effects of maternal n-3 or n-6 enriched PUFA diets on neonatal stroke outcomes. Pregnant mice were assigned three isocaloric diets until offspring reached postnatal day (P) 10–13: standard, long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-3) or n-6 PUFA (n-6) enriched. Fatty acid profiles in plasma and brain of mothers and pups were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and cytokines/chemokines by multiplex protein analysis. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was induced in P9-10 pups and cytokine and chemokine accumulation, caspase-3 and calpain-dependent spectrin cleavage and brain infarct volume were analyzed. The n-3 diet uniquely altered brain lipid profile in naïve pups. In contrast, cytokine and chemokine levels did not differ between n-3 and n-6 diet in naïve pups. tMCAO triggered accumulation of inflammatory cytokines and caspase-3-dependent and -independent cell death in ischemic-reperfused regions in pups regardless of diet, but magnitude of neuroinflammation and caspase-3 activation were attenuated in pups on n-3 diet, leading to protection against neonatal stroke. In conclusion, maternal/postnatal n-3 enriched diet markedly rearranges neonatal brain lipid composition and modulates the response to ischemia. While standard diet is sufficient to maintain low levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines under physiological conditions, n-3 PUFA enriched diet, but not standard diet, attenuates increases of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in ischemic-reperfused regions and protects from neonatal stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Chumak
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anders K Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joel Faustino
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Sjöbom
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Ek
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Rayasam A, Fukuzaki Y, Vexler ZS. Microglia-leucocyte axis in cerebral ischaemia and inflammation in the developing brain. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 233:e13674. [PMID: 33991400 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of the Central Nervous System (CNS) is reliant on the proper function of numerous intricately orchestrated mechanisms that mature independently, including constant communication between the CNS and the peripheral immune system. This review summarizes experimental knowledge of how cerebral ischaemia in infants and children alters physiological communication between leucocytes, brain immune cells, microglia and the neurovascular unit (NVU)-the "microglia-leucocyte axis"-and contributes to acute and long-term brain injury. We outline physiological development of CNS barriers in relation to microglial and leucocyte maturation and the plethora of mechanisms by which microglia and peripheral leucocytes communicate during postnatal period, including receptor-mediated and intracellular inflammatory signalling, lipids, soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. We focus on the "microglia-leucocyte axis" in rodent models of most common ischaemic brain diseases in the at-term infants, hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and focal arterial stroke and discuss commonalities and distinctions of immune-neurovascular mechanisms in neonatal and childhood stroke compared to stroke in adults. Given that hypoxic and ischaemic brain damage involve Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, we discuss the modulatory role of viral and bacterial TLR2/3/4-mediated infection in HIE, perinatal and childhood stroke. Furthermore, we provide perspective of the dynamics and contribution of the axis in cerebral ischaemia depending on the CNS maturational stage at the time of insult, and modulation independently and in consort by individual axis components and in a sex dependent ways. Improved understanding on how to modify crosstalk between microglia and leucocytes will aid in developing age-appropriate therapies for infants and children who suffered cerebral ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Rayasam
- Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | - Yumi Fukuzaki
- Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | - Zinaida S. Vexler
- Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
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Kikuchi K, Tatebe T, Sudo Y, Yokoyama M, Kidana K, Chiu YW, Takatori S, Arita M, Hori Y, Tomita T. GPR120 Signaling Controls Amyloid-β Degrading Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinases. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6173-6185. [PMID: 34099509 PMCID: PMC8276734 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2595-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the extensive deposition of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain. Brain Aβ level is regulated by a balance between Aβ production and clearance. The clearance rate of Aβ is decreased in the brains of sporadic AD patients, indicating that the dysregulation of Aβ clearance mechanisms affects the pathologic process of AD. Astrocytes are among the most abundant cells in the brain and are implicated in the clearance of brain Aβ via their regulation of the blood-brain barrier, glymphatic system, and proteolytic degradation. The cellular morphology and activity of astrocytes are modulated by several molecules, including ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid, which is one of the most abundant lipids in the brain, via the G protein-coupled receptor GPR120/FFAR4. In this study, we analyzed the role of GPR120 signaling in the Aβ-degrading activity of astrocytes. Treatment with the selective antagonist upregulated the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor-sensitive Aβ-degrading activity in primary astrocytes. Moreover, the inhibition of GPR120 signaling increased the levels of Mmp2 and Mmp14 mRNAs, and decreased the expression levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (Timp3) and Timp4, suggesting that GPR120 negatively regulates the astrocyte-derived MMP network. Finally, the intracerebral injection of GPR120-specific antagonist substantially decreased the levels of TBS-soluble Aβ in male AD model mice, and this effect was canceled by the coinjection of an MMP inhibitor. These data indicate that astrocytic GPR120 signaling negatively regulates the Aβ-degrading activity of MMPs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The level of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain is a crucial determinant of the development of Alzheimer's disease. Here we found that astrocytes, which are the most abundant cell type in the CNS, harbor degrading activity against Aβ, which is regulated by GPR120 signaling. GPR120 is involved in the inflammatory response and obesity in peripheral organs. However, the pathophysiological role of GPR120 in Alzheimer's disease remains unknown. We found that selective inhibition of GPR120 signaling in astrocytes increased the Aβ-degrading activity of matrix metalloproteases. Our results suggest that GPR120 in astrocytes is a novel therapeutic target for the development of anti-Aβ therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuya Tatebe
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Sudo
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Miyabishara Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiwami Kidana
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Home Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yung Wen Chiu
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sho Takatori
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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ShamsEldeen AM, Mehesen MN, Aboulhoda BE, Rashed LA, Elsebaie MM, Mohamed EA, Gamal MM. Prenatal intake of omega-3 promotes Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and preserves integrity of the blood-brain barrier in preeclamptic rats. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14925. [PMID: 34174018 PMCID: PMC8234480 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a systemic, multi-organ endotheliopathy, associated with oxidative injury to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Preeclampsia initiates a cascade of events that include neuroinflammation. Recently, it was documented that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway exerts neuroprotective effects and maintain BBB integrity. We investigate the protective effect of omega-3 against neurovascular complication of preeclampsia and its relation to Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. METHODOLOGY After confirmation of day 0 pregnancy (G0), 24 adult pregnant female Wistar rats were divided into four groups control pregnant, pregnant supplemented with omega-3, preeclampsia (PE); female rats received N (ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (50 mg/kg/day SC from day 7 to day 16 of pregnancy for induction of preeclampsia) and PE rats supplemented with omega-3. The intake of omega-3 started on day zero (0) of pregnancy until the end of the study (144 mg/kg\day orally). RESULTS We found that omega-3 supplementation significantly improved cognitive functions and EEG amplitude, decreased blood pressure, water contents of brain tissues, sFlt-1, oxidative stress, proteinuria, and enhanced Wnt\β-catenin proteins. Histological examination showed improved cerebral microangiopathy, increased expression of claudin-1 and -3, CD31, and VEGF in the cerebral cortical microvasculature and choroid plexus in PE rats treated with omega-3. A positive correlation between protein expression level of Wnt \β-catenin and cognitive functions, and a negative correlation between claudin-5 relative expression, claudin-1 and -3 area % from one side and water content of the brain tissues from the other side were observed. CONCLUSION Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway suspected to have an important role to improve BBB integrity. Neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 were observed and can be suggested as protective supplementation for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marwa Nagi Mehesen
- Department of Medical PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFaculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
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Nutraceuticals in the Prevention of Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia: A Comprehensive Review of their Neuroprotective Properties, Mechanisms of Action and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052524. [PMID: 33802413 PMCID: PMC7959318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI) is a brain injury caused by oxygen deprivation to the brain due to birth asphyxia or reduced cerebral blood perfusion, and it often leads to lifelong limiting sequelae such as cerebral palsy, seizures, or mental retardation. HI remains one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide, and current therapies are limited. Hypothermia has been successful in reducing mortality and some disabilities, but it is only applied to a subset of newborns that meet strict inclusion criteria. Given the unpredictable nature of the obstetric complications that contribute to neonatal HI, prophylactic treatments that prevent, rather than rescue, HI brain injury are emerging as a therapeutic alternative. Nutraceuticals are natural compounds present in the diet or used as dietary supplements that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or antiapoptotic properties. This review summarizes the preclinical in vivo studies, mostly conducted on rodent models, that have investigated the neuroprotective properties of nutraceuticals in preventing and reducing HI-induced brain damage and cognitive impairments. The natural products reviewed include polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, plant-derived compounds (tanshinones, sulforaphane, and capsaicin), and endogenous compounds (melatonin, carnitine, creatine, and lactate). These nutraceuticals were administered before the damage occurred, either to the mothers as a dietary supplement during pregnancy and/or lactation or to the pups prior to HI induction. To date, very few of these nutritional interventions have been investigated in humans, but we refer to those that have been successful in reducing ischemic stroke in adults. Overall, there is a robust body of preclinical evidence that supports the neuroprotective properties of nutraceuticals, and these may represent a safe and inexpensive nutritional strategy for the prevention of neonatal HI encephalopathy.
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Liu H, He J, Wu Y, Du Y, Jiang Y, Chen C, Yu Z, Zhong J, Wang Z, Cheng C, Sun X, Huang Z. Endothelial Regulation by Exogenous Annexin A1 in Inflammatory Response and BBB Integrity Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:627110. [PMID: 33679307 PMCID: PMC7930239 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.627110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Target Following brain trauma, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and inflammatory response are critical pathological steps contributing to secondary injury, leading to high mortality and morbidity. Both pathologies are closely associated with endothelial remodeling. In the present study, we concentrated on annexin A1 (ANXA1) as a novel regulator of endothelial function after traumatic brain injury. Methods After establishing controlled cortical impact (CCI) model in male mice, human recombinant ANXA1 (rANXA1) was administered intravenously, followed by assessments of BBB integrity, brain edema, inflammatory response, and neurological deficits. Result Animals treated with rANXA1 (1 μg/kg) at 1 h after CCI exhibited optimal BBB protection including alleviated BBB disruption and brain edema, as well as endothelial junction proteins loss. The infiltrated neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines were suppressed by rANXA1, consistent with decreased adhesive and transmigrating molecules from isolated microvessels. Moreover, rANXA1 attenuated the neurological deficits induced by CCI. We further found that the Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) inhibition has similar effect as rANXA1 in ameliorating brain injuries after CCI, whereas rANXA1 suppressed CCI-induced RhoA activation. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the endothelial remodeling by exogenous rANXA1 corrects BBB disruption and inflammatory response through RhoA inhibition, hence improving functional outcomes in CCI mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao Campus), Qingdao, China
| | - Junchi He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yinghua Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jianjun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao Campus), Qingdao, China
| | - Chongjie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Facilitate the Repair of Peripheral Nerve Defects with Chemically Extracted Acellular Allograft in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2504276. [PMID: 33575323 PMCID: PMC7857881 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2504276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acellular allograft (ACA) improves the repair and reconstruction of long peripheral nerve defects. ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) carry a neuroprotective potential, and their effects on ACA bridging were elucidated. Thirty rats with long gap sciatic nerve defects (15 mm long) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): ACA, ACA + PUFAs, and autograft (AU). Limb condition, wet weight of tibialis anterior muscle (TAM), nerve electrophysiology, S-100, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and percentage of splenic CD4+ and CD8 + T-lymphocytes were evaluated for 12 weeks after the operation. Rats in the AU and ACA + PUFA groups showed superior condition in affected limbs compared to the ACA group. At 12 wk after surgery, the wet weight of TAM in the ACA + PUFA group was higher than that in the ACA group (0.4519 ± 0.1185 vs. 0.3049 ± 0.1272; P < 0.01) but lower than that in the AU group (0.4519 ± 0.1185, 0.5628 ± 0.0092; P < 0.05). In all the three groups, sole irritation elicited withdrawal reflex, and S-100 staining was detected in plantar skin. Moreover, horseradish peroxidase staining was overt in both the ventral horn and dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord. Nerve conduction velocity (m/s), amplitude of action potential (mV), or somatosensory evoked potentials in ACA + PUFAs (28.81 ± 1.04, 2.20 ± 0.27, 6.98 ± 0.29) were significantly different from that in the AU (35.71 ± 1.28, 1.81 ± 0.19, 8.15 ± 0.52; P < 0.05) and ACA (20.03 ± 1.94, 2.95 ± 0.36, 5.22 ± 0.53; P < 0.01) groups. The percentages of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ cells were similar among the three groups. Omega-3 PUFAs improve the bridging effect of ACA on long gap peripheral nerve defects by promoting neuroprotection without arousing an immune response.
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Hutanu A, Iancu M, Dobreanu M, Oprea OR, Barbu S, Maier S, Tero-Vescan A, Bajko Z, Balasa R. Extended lipid profile in Romanian ischemic stroke patients in relation to stroke severity and outcome: a path analysis model. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:864-873. [PMID: 34336014 PMCID: PMC8314418 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.89302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to evaluate the extended lipid profile in ischemic stroke patients and the relationship with stroke type, severity and outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS We prospectively enrolled 124 ischemic stroke patients and 40 healthy controls; baseline plasma and erythrocyte membrane fatty acids concentrations and common lipid profile were analysed. Stroke severity was evaluated by NIHSS on admission, while the functional outcome was defined by mRS at discharge and after 3 months. RESULTS Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, DHA, adrenic, stearic and lauric acid were all lower in patients, taking into account that 87.7% of patients did not receive statins before admission. There was a different pattern in plasma and erythrocyte membrane of fatty acids between patients and controls, also omega-3 index was significantly lower in patients. Patients with poor outcome without statins had significantly lower triglyceride (p = 0.028), while the total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in patients with poor outcome (p = 0.03) but with treatment initiated after admission. Bivariate analysis revealed that patients with poor outcome had significantly lower triglyceride levels regardless the statins use, while the total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower in patients with poor outcome under statin treatment. The long-term outcome were positively influenced by age (β̂ = 0.22, p = 0.001), and NIHSS score at admission (β̂ = 0.55, p < 0.001), and negatively by cholesterol levels (β̂ = -0.17, p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS DHA, adrenic, stearic and lauric acid were lower in stroke patients; plasma adrenic acid was consumed during the acute phase. The most important predictors for long-term outcome was NIHSS at admission followed by age and total cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Hutanu
- CCAMF, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Mihaela Iancu
- 3 Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Ha-tieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Minodora Dobreanu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Oana Roxana Oprea
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Stefan Barbu
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Smaranda Maier
- Department of Neurology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Zoltan Bajko
- Department of Neurology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Rodica Balasa
- Department of Neurology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
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Zhu JJ, Yu BY, Fu CC, He MZ, Zhu JH, Chen BW, Zheng YH, Chen SQ, Fu XQ, Li PJ, Lin ZL. LXA4 protects against hypoxic-ischemic damage in neonatal rats by reducing the inflammatory response via the IκB/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107095. [PMID: 33096360 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and the resultant decreases in cerebral blood flow in the perinatal period can lead to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury, which can, in turn, cause severe disability or even death. However, the efficacy of current treatment strategies remains limited. Several studies have demonstrated that lipoxin A4 (LXA4), as one of the earliest types of endogenous lipid mediators, can inhibit the accumulation of neutrophils, arrest inflammation, and promote the resolution of inflammation. However, research on LXA4 in the nervous system has rarely been carried out. In the present study, we sought to investigate the protective effect of LXA4 on HI brain damage in neonatal rats, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Through experiments conducted using an HI animal model, we found that the LXA4 intervention promoted the recovery of neuronal function and tissue structure following brain injury while maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in addition to reducing cerebral edema, infarct volume, and inflammatory responses. Our results suggest that LXA4 interfered with neuronal oxygen-glucose deprivation insults, reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, inhibited apoptosis, and promoted neuronal survival in vitro. Finally, the LXA4 intervention attenuated HI-induced activation of inhibitor kappa B (IκB) and degradation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In conclusion, our data suggest that LXA4 exerts a neuroprotective effect against neonatal HI brain damage through the IκB/NF-κB pathway. Our findings will help inform future studies regarding the effects of LXA4 on neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier integrity, and neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Bin-Yuan Yu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chang-Chang Fu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Min-Zhi He
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jiang-Hu Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Bin-Wen Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yi-Hui Zheng
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shang-Qin Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Fu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Pei-Jun Li
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhen-Lang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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Wang S, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Zheng F, Xue T, Ge X, Ma R, Li X, Wu R, Liang K, Qian Z, Ge Y, Ma J, Yao B. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alleviate hydrogen sulfide-induced blood-testis barrier disruption in the testes of adult mice. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:233-241. [PMID: 33068716 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous intracellular signal transducer, participates in multiple physiological and pathological conditions, including reproductive conditions, and disrupts spermatogenesis. The blood-testis barrier (BTB) plays a vital role in spermatogenesis. However, the effect of H2S on the BTB and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Herein, we examined the effect of H2S and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on the BTB and testicular functions. ICR male mice were randomly divided into the following groups: control, H2S exposure, and H2S exposure with ω-3 PUFAs intervention. The sperm parameters (sperm concentration and sperm motility) declined in the H2S group and improved in the ω-3 intervention group. BTB integrity was severely disrupted by H2S, and the BTB-related gene levels (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin 11) decreased; ω-3 supplementation could alleviate BTB disruption by upregulating BTB-related genes, and TM4 Sertoli cells had a similar trend in vitro. p38 MAPK phosphorylation was upregulated in the Na2S treatment group and downregulated after ω-3 cotreatment. These findings suggest that H2S can impair the BTB and that ω-3 PUFAs supplementation can attenuate H2S toxicity in the male reproductive system. Our study elucidated the relationship between a gasotransmitter (H2S) and the BTB and identified the potential therapeutic effect of ω-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Tongmin Xue
- Jinling Hospital Department Reproductive Medical Center, Nanjing Medicine University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xie Ge
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Rujun Ma
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Kuan Liang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Zhang Qian
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yifeng Ge
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jinzhao Ma
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Bing Yao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China; Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China; Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China; Jinling Hospital Department Reproductive Medical Center, Nanjing Medicine University, Nanjing 210002, China.
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Liu ZH, Chen NY, Tu PH, Wu CT, Chiu SC, Huang YC, Lim SN, Yip PK. DHA Attenuates Cerebral Edema Following Traumatic Brain Injury via the Reduction in Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176291. [PMID: 32878052 PMCID: PMC7503959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) could result in edema and cause an increase in intracranial pressure of the brain resulting in mortality and morbidity. Although there is hyperosmolarity therapy available for this pathophysiological event, it remains controversial. Recently, several groups have shown docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to improve functional and histological outcomes following brain injury based on reduction of neuroinflammation and apoptosis. However, the effect of DHA on blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction after brain injury has not been fully studied. Here, a controlled cortical impact rat model was used to test the effect of a single dose of DHA administered 30 min post injury. Modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and forelimb asymmetry were used to determine the functional outcomes. Neuroimaging and histology were used to characterize the edema and BBB dysfunction. The study showed that DHA-treated TBI rats had better mNSS and forelimb asymmetry score than vehicle-treated TBI rats. Temporal analysis of edema using MRI revealed a significant reduction in edema level with DHA treatment compared to vehicle in TBI rats. Histological analysis using immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasation showed that there was less extravasation, which corresponded with a reduction in aquaporin 4 and astrocytic metalloprotease 9 expression, and greater endothelial occludin expression in the peri-contusional site of the TBI rat brain treated with DHA in comparison to vehicle treatment. In conclusion, the study shows that DHA can exert its functional improvement by prevention of the edema formation via prevention of BBB dysfunction after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan; (P.-h.T.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Correspondence: (Z.-H.L.); (P.K.Y.)
| | - Nan-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan;
| | - Po-hsun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan; (P.-h.T.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan;
| | - Shao-Chieh Chiu
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan; (P.-h.T.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Siew-Na Lim
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ping K. Yip
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery & Trauma, London E1 2AT, UK
- Correspondence: (Z.-H.L.); (P.K.Y.)
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DISDIER C, STONESTREET BS. Hypoxic-ischemic-related cerebrovascular changes and potential therapeutic strategies in the neonatal brain. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1468-1484. [PMID: 32060970 PMCID: PMC7242133 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI)-related brain injury is an important cause of morbidity and long-standing disability in newborns. The only currently approved therapeutic strategy available to reduce brain injury in the newborn is hypothermia. Therapeutic hypothermia can only be used to treat HI encephalopathy in full-term infants and survivors remain at high risk for a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental abnormalities as a result of residual brain injury. Therefore, there is an urgent need for adjunctive therapeutic strategies. Inflammation and neurovascular damage are important factors that contribute to the pathophysiology of HI-related brain injury and represent exciting potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we address the role of each component of the neurovascular unit (NVU) in the pathophysiology of HI-related injury in the neonatal brain. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) observed in the early hours after an HI-related event is associated with a response at the basal lamina level, which comprises astrocytes, pericytes, and immune cells, all of which could affect BBB function to further exacerbate parenchymal injury. Future research is required to determine potential drugs that could prevent or attenuate neurovascular damage and/or augment repair. However, some studies have reported beneficial effects of hypothermia, erythropoietin, stem cell therapy, anti-cytokine therapy and metformin in ameliorating several different facets of damage to the NVU after HI-related brain injury in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence DISDIER
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Barbara S STONESTREET
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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Mariqueo TA, Zúñiga-Hernández J. Omega-3 derivatives, specialized pro-resolving mediators: Promising therapeutic tools for the treatment of pain in chronic liver disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 158:102095. [PMID: 32450460 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The main causes of liver injury are associated with inflammation and permanent damage. They can cause chronic liver disease (CLD), which is mainly related to viral hepatitis, alcohol consumption and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. These conditions prevent the liver from working normally and make it begin to fail, which in turn may prompt a liver transplant. CLD and cirrhosis are the eleventh cause of death worldwide. At present, there are no approved pharmacological treatments to prevent, treat or resolve liver fibrosis. The prevalence of pain in the hepatic disease is elevated with ranges between 30% and 40%. Most of the pain drugs require hepatic function; therefore, the suitable control of pain is still a clinical challenge. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM): lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins, are potent endogenous molecules (nM concentrations) that modulate inflammatory body responses by reducing neutrophil infiltration, macrophage activity and pain sensitization. SPM have anti-inflammatory properties, stimulate tissue resolution, repair and regeneration, and exhibit anti-nociceptive actions. Furthermore, SPM were tried on different cellular, animal models and human observational data of liver injury, improving the pathogenesis of inflammation and fibrosis. In the present work, we will describe recent evidence that suggests that SPM can be used as a therapeutic option for CLD. Additionally, we will examine the role of SPM in the control of pain in pathologies associated with liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Mariqueo
- Centro de Investigaciones Medicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - J Zúñiga-Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Medicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
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Protective effects of FGF10 on neurovascular unit in a rat model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 332:113393. [PMID: 32610105 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury remains a devastating clinical disease associated with high mortality and lifetime disability. Neonatal HI injury damages the architecture of neurovascular unit (NVU), thus, therapy targeting the NVU may provide effective neuroprotection against HI. This study was designed to investigate whether fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) protected the NVU against HI and afforded observable neuroprotection in a rat model of neonatal HI brain injury. The results showed that FGF10 treatment significantly reduced brain damage post HI, characterized by reduction in brain infarct volume and tissue loss. Further interesting findings showed that FGF10 treatment exerted neuroprotective effects on HI brain injury in neonate rats through protecting the NVU against HI, evidenced by inhibition of neuronal cell apoptosis, suppression of gliosis, and amelioration of blood-brain barrier disruption. Collectively, our study indicates that FGF10 treatment exhibits great potential for protecting NVU against HI and attenuates neonatal brain injury, suggesting a potential novel therapeutic agent to this disease.
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Wang Z, Zheng Y, Wang F, Zhong J, Zhao T, Xie Q, Zhu T, Ma F, Tang Q, Zhou B, Zhu J. Mfsd2a and Spns2 are essential for sphingosine-1-phosphate transport in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay8627. [PMID: 32523984 PMCID: PMC7259944 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To maintain brain homeostasis, a unique interface known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed between the blood circulation and the central nervous system (CNS). Major facilitator superfamily domain-containing 2a (Mfsd2a) is a specific marker of the BBB. However, the mechanism by which Mfsd2a influences the BBB is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that Mfsd2a is essential for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) export from endothelial cells in the brain. We found that Mfsd2a and Spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) form a protein complex to ensure the efficient transport of S1P. Furthermore, the S1P-rich microenvironment in the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the vascular endothelium dominates the formation and maintenance of the BBB. We demonstrated that different concentrations of S1P have different effects on BBB integrity. These findings help to unravel the mechanism by which S1P regulates BBB and also provide previously unidentified insights into the delivery of neurological drugs in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Brain Science, State Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Mid Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongtao Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Brain Science, State Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Mid Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Brain Science, State Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Mid Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Brain Science, State Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Mid Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Brain Science, State Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Mid Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Brain Science, State Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Mid Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Tongming Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Brain Science, State Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Mid Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fukai Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Brain Science, State Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Mid Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Brain Science, State Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Mid Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Brain Science, State Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Mid Road, Shanghai 200040, China
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Zhang W, Zhu L, An C, Wang R, Yang L, Yu W, Li P, Gao Y. The blood brain barrier in cerebral ischemic injury – Disruption and repair. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Zeng SS, Bai JJ, Jiang H, Zhu JJ, Fu CC, He MZ, Zhu JH, Chen SQ, Li PJ, Fu XQ, Lin ZL. Treatment With Liraglutide Exerts Neuroprotection After Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Rats via the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:585. [PMID: 32082121 PMCID: PMC7003644 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic–ischemic (HI) brain injury is a detrimental disease, which results in high mortality and long-term neurological deficits. Nevertheless, the treatment options for this disease are limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the role of liraglutide in neonatal HI brain injury in rats and investigate the associated mechanisms. The results showed that treatment with liraglutide significantly reduced infarct volume and ameliorated cerebral edema, decreased inflammatory response, promoted the recovery of tissue structure, and improved prognosis following HI brain injury. Moreover, treatment with liraglutide inhibited apoptosis and promoted neuronal survival both in the rat model and following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) insult. LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), partially reversed these therapeutic effects, suggesting that the PI3K/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway was involved. In conclusion, our data revealed that treatment with liraglutide exerts neuroprotection after neonatal HI brain injury via the PI3K/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) pathway and may be a promising therapy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Zeng
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jie Bai
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huai Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin-Jin Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chang-Chang Fu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min-Zhi He
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Hu Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shang-Qin Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pei-Jun Li
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Fu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Lang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Liu F, Wang Y, Yao W, Xue Y, Zhou J, Liu Z. Geniposide attenuates neonatal mouse brain injury after hypoxic-ischemia involving the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 102:101687. [PMID: 31562918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemia (HI) is a leading cause of acute mortality and neurologic complications in newborns. Geniposide, a natural product extracted from the herb Gardenia jasminoides, has been shown to possess neuroprotective effects in neurologic deficits. This study aims to investigate whether Geniposide has therapeutic potential to HI brain injury and the underlying mechanisms. C57/bl6 mice were subjected to HI insult on postnatal day 10. Geniposide (20 mg/kg b.w.) was administered intragastrically every day after HI insult for 7 successional days. Then mice at P18 were sacrificed and brain tissues were collected for further analysis. Geniposide treatment significantly inhibited cell apoptosis, reduced serum IgG leakage into brain tissue, attenuated astrogliosis and microgliosis, prevented loss of pericytes, loss of tight junction and adherens junction proteins. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which related proteins were downregulated after HI insult, was activated by Geniposide treatment. Geniposide treatment after neonatal HI insult attenuated HI-induced cell apoptosis, IgG leakage, microgliosis, astrogliosis, pericytes loss and junction protein degradation. Geniposide could protect against HI-induced brain injury, which might be through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China.
| | - Wenjing Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Jianqin Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaohong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
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Lan XB, Wang Q, Yang JM, Ma L, Zhang WJ, Zheng P, Sun T, Niu JG, Liu N, Yu JQ. Neuroprotective effect of Vanillin on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109196. [PMID: 31310955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a leading cause of death and perpetual neurological dysfunction in neonates. Vanillin (Van), a natural phenolic compound with neuroprotective properties, exerts neuroprotection on a gerbil model of global ischemia by inhibiting oxidative damage. This study aimed to explore the potential neuroprotective roles of Van in neonatal rats suffering from hypoxic-ischemic (HI). An HI model of 7-day-old SD rats was induced by left carotid artery ligation followed by exposure to 8% oxygen (balanced with nitrogen) for 2.5 h at 37 °C. At 48 h after intraperitoneal injection with Van (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) or saline, neurobehavioral function, cerebral infract volume, brain water content, and histomorphological changes were performed to evaluate brain injury. Transmission electron microscopy and immunoglobulin G (IgG) staining were conducted to evaluate the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The levels of oxidative stress and tight junction proteins, as well as the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), were also determined in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Results showed that Van post-treatment significantly ameliorated early neurobehavioral deficits, decreased infarct volume and brain edema, as well as attenuated histopathologic injury and IgG extravasation. Furthermore, Van markedly increased the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and decreased malondialdehyde content. Meanwhile, the activation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 induced by HI was partially blocked by Van. Finally, Van obviously increased the expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 compared with the HI group. Collectively, Van can provide neuroprotective effects against neonatal HIBD possibly by attenuating oxidative damage and preserving BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Mei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Niu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China; Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Eynard AR, Repossi G. Role of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diabetic retinopathy: a morphological and metabolically cross talk among blood retina barriers damage, autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:114. [PMID: 31092270 PMCID: PMC6521493 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vision disorders are one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) affecting the quality of life of patients and eventually cause blindness. The ocular lesions in diabetes mellitus are located mainly in the blood vessels and retina layers. Different retina lesions could be grouped under the umbrella term of diabetic retinopathies (DMRP). We propose that one of the main causes in the etiopathogenesis of the DMRP consists of a progressive loss of the selective permeability of blood retinal barriers (BRB). The loss of selective permeability of blood retinal barriers will cause a progressive autoimmune process. Prolonged autoimmune injures in the retinal territory will triggers and maintains a low-grade chronic inflammation process, microvascular alterations, glial proliferation and subsequent fibrosis and worse, progressive apoptosis of the photoreceptor neurons. Patients with long-standing DM disturbances in retinal BRBs suffer of alterations in the enzymatic pathways of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), increase release of free radicals and pro-inflammatory molecules and subsequently incremented levels of vascular endothelial growth factor. These facts can produce retinal edema and photoreceptor apoptosis. Experimental, clinical and epidemiological evidences showing that adequate metabolic and alimentary controls and constant practices of healthy life may avoid, retard or make less severe the appearance of DMRP. Considering the high demand for PUFAs ω3 by photoreceptor complexes of the retina, it seems advisable to take fish oil supplements (2 g per day). The cellular, subcellular and molecular basis of the propositions exposed above is developed in this article. Synthesizer drawings the most relevant findings of the ultrastructural pathology, as well as the main metabolic pathways of the PUFAs involved in balance and disbalanced conditions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo R Eynard
- Instituto de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Gaston Repossi
- Instituto de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina.
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42
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Goasdoue K, Chand KK, Miller SM, Lee KM, Colditz PB, Wixey JA, Bjorkman ST. Seizures Are Associated with Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in a Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischaemic Encephalopathy. Dev Neurosci 2019; 40:1-16. [PMID: 31048585 DOI: 10.1159/000499365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures in the neonatal period are most often symptomatic of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction and the most common cause is hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Seizures are associated with poor long-term outcomes and increased neuropathology. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and inflammation may contribute to seizures and increased neuropathology but are incompletely understood in neonatal HIE. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of seizures on BBB integrity in a preclinical model of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) injury. Piglets (age: <24 h) were subjected to a 30-min HI insult followed by recovery to 72 h post-insult. Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) was performed and seizure burden and background aEEG pattern were analysed. BBB disruption was evaluated in the parietal cortex and hippocampus by means of immunohistochemistry and Western blot. mRNA and protein expression of tight-junction proteins (zonula-occludens 1 [ZO1], occludin [OCLN], and claudin-5 [CLDN5]) was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot. In addition, mRNA from genes associated with BBB disruption vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) as well as inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was assessed with qPCR. Piglets that developed seizures following HI (HI-Sz) had significantly greater injury, as demonstrated by poorer aEEG background pattern scores, lower neurobehavioural scores, and greater histopathology. HI-Sz animals had severe IgG extravasation into brain tissue and uptake into neurons as well as significantly greater levels of IgG in both brain regions as assessed by Western blot. IgG protein in both brain regions was significantly associated with seizure burden, aEEG pattern scores, and neurobehavioural scores. There was no difference in mRNA expression of the tight junctions, however a significant loss of ZO1 and OCLN protein was observed in the parietal cortex. The inflammatory genes TGFβ, IL1β, IL8, IL6, and TNFα were significantly upregulated in HI-Sz animals. MMP2 was significantly increased in animals with seizures compared with animals without seizures. Increasing our understanding of neuropathology associated with seizure is vital because of the association between seizure and poor outcomes. Investigating the BBB is a major untapped area of research and a potential avenue for novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Goasdoue
- The University of Queensland Perinatal Research Centre, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kirat Kishore Chand
- The University of Queensland Perinatal Research Centre, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephanie Melita Miller
- The University of Queensland Perinatal Research Centre, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kah Meng Lee
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Bernard Colditz
- The University of Queensland Perinatal Research Centre, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julie Anne Wixey
- The University of Queensland Perinatal Research Centre, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stella Tracey Bjorkman
- The University of Queensland Perinatal Research Centre, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia,
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Xie Y, Wang Y, Ding H, Guo M, Wang X, Dong Q, Cui M. Highly glycosylated CD147 promotes hemorrhagic transformation after rt-PA treatment in diabetes: a novel therapeutic target? J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:72. [PMID: 30953513 PMCID: PMC6449915 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is known to be a main risk factor of post-stroke hemorrhagic transformation following recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy. However, the mechanism through which diabetes exacerbates hemorrhagic transformation is insufficiently understood. We aimed to verify that CD147, the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inducer, played a vital role in the progress. Methods We performed middle cerebral artery occlusion on diabetic and non-diabetic rats, with or without rt-PA treatment, and then compared the glycosylation level of CD147, caveolin-1, MMPs activities, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. In vitro, tunicamycin treatment and genetic tools were used to produce non-glycosylated and lowly glycosylated CD147. An endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist was used to downregulate the glycosylation of CD147 in vivo. Results Compared with non-diabetic rats, diabetic rats expressed higher levels of highly glycosylated CD147 in endothelium and astrocytes following rt-PA treatment accompanied by higher activity of MMPs and BBB permeability, in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Caveolin-1 was also overexpressed and co-localized with CD147 in astrocytes and endothelium in diabetic rats. In vitro, advanced glycation end products increased the expression of highly glycosylated CD147 in astrocytes and endothelial cells. Downregulating the glycosylation of CD147 lowered the activity of MMPs and promoted the expression of tight junction proteins. The expression of caveolin-1 in endothelial cells and astrocytes was not inhibited by tunicamycin, which revealed that caveolin-1 was an upstream of CD147. In vivo, GLP-1R agonist downregulated the glycosylation of CD147 and further reduced the activity of MMPs and protected the BBB in diabetic rats. Conclusion CD147 is essential for diabetes-associated rt-PA-induced hemorrhagic transformation, and downregulation of CD147 glycosylation is a promising therapy for neurovascular-unit repair after rt-PA treatment of patients with diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1460-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xie
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yingzhe Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hongyan Ding
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Neurology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Gastrodin pretreatment alleviates rat brain injury caused by cerebral ischemic-reperfusion. Brain Res 2019; 1712:207-216. [PMID: 30742808 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain damage, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, neurological behavior deficit, cerebral infarction and inflammation, is commonly caused by ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Prevention of the above biological process defects is considered beneficial for patient recovery after I/R injury. This study was aimed to assess the neuroprotective effect of Gastrodin (GAS), an herbal agent, in experimentally induced cerebral ischemia. Sprague-Dawley adult rats were randomly divided into six groups: Sham-operated control group (Sham), middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, GAS (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) pretreatment + MCAO groups (GAS) and Nimodipine (NIM) + MCAO, namely, the NIM group. Additionally, an OGD/R model using BV-2 microglia was established in vitro to simulate I/R injury. We showed here that the neurological scores of rats in the GAS groups were significantly improved compared with the MCAO group. Moreover, the area of cerebral infarction in the GAS pretreatment groups and the NIM group was significantly reduced. Furthermore, Evans blue leakage volume was significantly reduced with GAS pretreatment notably at dose 100 mg/kg. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 in GAS groups was markedly decreased when compared with MCAO group. In BV-2 microglia exposed to OGD/R given GAS pretreatment, MMP2 and MMP9 positive cells were reduced in numbers. The present results have shown that GAS pretreatment significantly compensated for neurological behavior defects in rats with I/R-induced injury, reduced brain infarction size, reversed BBB impairment, and attenuated inflammation. It is suggested that pretreatment with GAS before surgery is beneficial during recovery from I/R injury.
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45
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Glycine Protects against Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury by Regulating Mitochondria-Mediated Autophagy via the AMPK Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4248529. [PMID: 30881590 PMCID: PMC6381570 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4248529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is detrimental to newborns and is associated with high mortality and poor prognosis. Thus, the primary aim of the present study was to determine whether glycine could (1) attenuate HIE injury in rats and hypoxic stress in PC12 cells and (2) downregulate mitochondria-mediated autophagy dependent on the adenosine monophosphate- (AMP-) activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Experiments conducted using an in vivo HIE animal model and in vitro hypoxic stress to PC12 cells revealed that intense autophagy associated with mitochondrial function occurred during in vivo HIE injury and in vitro hypoxic stress. However, glycine treatment effectively attenuated mitochondria-mediated autophagy. Additionally, after identifying alterations in proteins within the AMPK pathway in rats and PC12 cells following glycine treatment, cyclosporin A (CsA) and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) were administered in these models and indicated that glycine protected against HIE and CoCl2 injury by downregulating mitochondria-mediated autophagy that was dependent on the AMPK pathway. Overall, glycine attenuated hypoxic-ischemic injury in neurons via reductions in mitochondria-mediated autophagy through the AMPK pathway both in vitro and in vivo.
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46
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Mao L, Yang T, Li X, Lei X, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Gao Y, Sun B, Zhang F. Protective effects of sulforaphane in experimental vascular cognitive impairment: Contribution of the Nrf2 pathway. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39. [PMID: 29533123 PMCID: PMC6365596 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18764083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The major pathophysiological process of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is chronic cerebral ischemia, which causes disintegration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), neuronal death, and white matter injury. This study aims to test whether sulforaphane (Sfn), a natural activator of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), reduces the chronic ischemic injury and cognitive dysfunction after VCI. Experimental VCI was induced in rats by permanent occlusion of both common carotid arteries for six weeks. This procedure caused notable neuronal death in the cortex and hippocampal CA1, myelin loss in the corpus callosum and hippocampal fimbria, accumulation of myelin debris in the corpus callosum, and remarkable cognitive impairment. Sfn treatment alleviated these ischemic injuries and the cognitive dysfunction. Sfn-mediated neuroprotection was associated with enhanced activation of Nrf2 and upregulation of heme oxygenase 1. Sfn also reduced neuronal and endothelial death and maintained the integrity of BBB after oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro in an Nrf2 dependent manner. Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown in endothelial cells decreased claudin-5 protein expression with downregulated claudin-5 promoter activity, suggesting that claudin-5 might be a target gene of Nrf2. Our results demonstrate that Sfn provides robust neuroprotection against chronic brain ischemic injury and may be a promising agent for VCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Mao
- 1 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,2 Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- 1 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xin Li
- 2 Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Lei
- 2 Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Sun
- 1 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yongfang Zhao
- 3 State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- 3 State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- 1 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,3 State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoliang Sun
- 2 Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- 1 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,2 Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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47
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Neuroprotective action of Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids on Paraquat intoxication in Drosophila melanogaster. Neurotoxicology 2019; 70:154-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Sun GY, Simonyi A, Fritsche KL, Chuang DY, Hannink M, Gu Z, Greenlief CM, Yao JK, Lee JC, Beversdorf DQ. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): An essential nutrient and a nutraceutical for brain health and diseases. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:3-13. [PMID: 28314621 PMCID: PMC9087135 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) enriched in phospholipids in the brain and retina, is known to play multi-functional roles in brain health and diseases. While arachidonic acid (AA) is released from membrane phospholipids by cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), DHA is linked to action of the Ca2+-independent iPLA2. DHA undergoes enzymatic conversion by 15-lipoxygenase (Alox 15) to form oxylipins including resolvins and neuroprotectins, which are powerful lipid mediators. DHA can also undergo non-enzymatic conversion by reacting with oxygen free radicals (ROS), which cause the production of 4-hydoxyhexenal (4-HHE), an aldehyde derivative which can form adducts with DNA, proteins and lipids. In studies with both animal models and humans, there is evidence that inadequate intake of maternal n-3 PUFA may lead to aberrant development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). What is less certain is whether consumption of n-3 PUFA is important in maintaining brain health throughout one's life span. Evidence mostly from non-human studies suggests that DHA intake above normal nutritional requirements might modify the risk/course of a number of diseases of the brain. This concept has fueled much of the present interest in DHA research, in particular, in attempts to delineate mechanisms whereby DHA may serve as a nutraceutical and confer neuroprotective effects. Current studies have revealed ability for the oxylipins to regulation of cell redox homeostasis through the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/Antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) anti-oxidant pathway, and impact signaling pathways associated with neurotransmitters, and modulation of neuronal functions involving brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). This review is aimed at describing recent studies elaborating these mechanisms with special regard to aging and Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, traumatic brain injury, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Y Sun
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Agnes Simonyi
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kevin L Fritsche
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Dennis Y Chuang
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mark Hannink
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zezong Gu
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey K Yao
- Medical Research Service, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - James C Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David Q Beversdorf
- Department of Radiology, Neurology, and Psychological Sciences, and the Thompson Center, William and Nancy Thompson Endowed Chair in Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
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Gong P, Zhang Z, Zou C, Tian Q, Chen X, Hong M, Liu X, Chen Q, Xu Z, Li M, Wang J. Hippo/YAP signaling pathway mitigates blood-brain barrier disruption after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Behav Brain Res 2018; 356:8-17. [PMID: 30092249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries commonly lead to breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Restoration of the BBB can relieve neurologic damage caused by I/R injuries. The Hippo/YAP signaling pathway mediates cell proliferation, regulated cell death, and differentiation in various organisms and has been shown to participate in the restoration of the heart after I/R. In this study, we investigated whether the Hippo/YAP pathway plays a role in I/R injury in brain, especially in regard to I/R-induced BBB breakdown. The results of our study indicate that I/R injury led to an overall decrease in activity of the core proteins, YAP and TAZ, over a 24-h period. The most dramatic change was observed 1.5 h after reperfusion. In rats that underwent 1.5 h of reperfusion, intraperitoneal injection of YAP agonist dexamethasone activated YAP and TAZ and led to improved neurologic function, smaller brain infarct sizes, increased levels of tight junction proteins, decreased BBB permeability, decreased cerebral edema, and less apoptosis. Our results suggest that YAP exerts neuroprotective effects on the damaged brain that are likely related to restoration of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pian Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Changlin Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, PR China
| | - Michael Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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50
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Wu T, Yang L, Chen Y, Ni Y, Jiang J, Zhang W, Zhou Q, Zheng X, Wang Q, Fu Z, Li H. Pilose antler polypeptides ameliorates hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by activated neurotrophic factors and SDF1/CXCR4 axis in rats. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:254-262. [PMID: 29385398 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a complex condition which is associated with high mortality and morbidity. However, few promising treatments for HIE exist. In the present study, the central objective was to identify the therapeutic effect of pilose antler polypeptides (PAP) on HIE in rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (14 days old) were used and divided into three groups, including control group, hypoxic-ischemia (HI) group and PAP group. After 21 days of treatment, locomotor activity was improved in PAP-treated rats, brain atrophy was decreased and cerebral edema was mitigated to some extent. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated that PAP administration decreased the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis genes in hippocampus compared with HI group. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of genes related to neurotrophic factors were significantly increased in the hippocampus. In addition, the expressions of oxidative stress markers were all down-regulated after PAP administration. Moreover, PAP up-regulated both the mRNA and protein levels of SDF1 and CXCR4, which may activate the SDF1/CXCR4 axis to moderate brain injury. These results suggest that PAP may be potentially used in the treatment of HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Luna Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wanjing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qianchen Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaojun Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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