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Ardalan M, Mallard C. From hormones to behavior through microglial mitochondrial function. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:471-472. [PMID: 38341051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ardalan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus Denmark.
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Shiadeh SMJ, Goretta F, Svedin P, Jansson T, Mallard C, Ardalan M. Long-term impact of maternal obesity on the gliovascular unit and ephrin signaling in the hippocampus of adult offspring. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:39. [PMID: 38308309 PMCID: PMC10837922 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born to obese mothers are at increased risk of developing mood disorders and cognitive impairment. Experimental studies have reported structural changes in the brain such as the gliovascular unit as well as activation of neuroinflammatory cells as a part of neuroinflammation processing in aged offspring of obese mothers. However, the molecular mechanisms linking maternal obesity to poor neurodevelopmental outcomes are not well established. The ephrin system plays a major role in a variety of cellular processes including cell-cell interaction, synaptic plasticity, and long-term potentiation. Therefore, in this study we determined the impact of maternal obesity in pregnancy on cortical, hippocampal development, vasculature and ephrin-A3/EphA4-signaling, in the adult offspring in mice. METHODS Maternal obesity was induced in mice by a high fat/high sugar Western type of diet (HF/HS). We collected brain tissue (prefrontal cortex and hippocampus) from 6-month-old offspring of obese and lean (control) dams. Hippocampal volume, cortical thickness, myelination of white matter, density of astrocytes and microglia in relation to their activity were analyzed using 3-D stereological quantification. mRNA expression of ephrin-A3, EphA4 and synaptic markers were measured by qPCR in the brain tissue. Moreover, expression of gap junction protein connexin-43, lipocalin-2, and vascular CD31/Aquaporin 4 were determined in the hippocampus by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Volume of hippocampus and cortical thickness were significantly smaller, and myelination impaired, while mRNA levels of hippocampal EphA4 and post-synaptic density (PSD) 95 were significantly lower in the hippocampus in the offspring of obese dams as compared to offspring of controls. Further analysis of the hippocampal gliovascular unit indicated higher coverage of capillaries by astrocytic end-feet, expression of connexin-43 and lipocalin-2 in endothelial cells in the offspring of obese dams. In addition, offspring of obese dams demonstrated activation of microglia together with higher density of cells, while astrocyte cell density was lower. CONCLUSION Maternal obesity affects brain size, impairs myelination, disrupts the hippocampal gliovascular unit and decreases the mRNA expression of EphA4 and PSD-95 in the hippocampus of adult offspring. These results indicate that the vasculature-glia cross-talk may be an important mediator of altered synaptic plasticity, which could be a link between maternal obesity and neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric disorders in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Marziyeh Jabbari Shiadeh
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fanny Goretta
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of OB/GYN, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Chumak T, Jullienne A, Joakim Ek C, Ardalan M, Svedin P, Quan R, Salehi A, Salari S, Obenaus A, Vexler ZS, Mallard C. Maternal n-3 enriched diet reprograms neurovascular transcriptome and blunts inflammation in neonate. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.22.576634. [PMID: 38328227 PMCID: PMC10849562 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.576634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Infection during perinatal period can adversely affect brain development, predispose infants to ischemic stroke and have lifelong consequences. We previously demonstrated that diet enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) transforms brain lipid composition and protects from neonatal stroke. Vasculature is a critical interface between blood and brain providing a barrier to systemic infection. Here we examined whether maternal PUFA-enriched diets exert reprograming of endothelial cell signalling in 9-day old mice after endotoxin (LPS)-induced infection. Transcriptome analysis was performed on brain microvessels from pups born to dams maintained on 3 diets: standard, n-3 or n-6 enriched. N-3 diet enabled higher immune reactivity in brain vasculature, while preventing imbalance of cell cycle regulation and extracellular matrix cascades that accompanied inflammatory response in standard diet. LPS response in blood and brain was blunted in n-3 offspring. Cerebral angioarchitecture analysis revealed modified vessel complexity after LPS. Thus, n-3-enriched maternal diet partially prevents imbalance in homeostatic processes and alters inflammation rather than affects brain vascularization during early life. Importantly, maternal diet may presage offspring neurovascular outcomes later in life.
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Azizi F, Ghasemi R, EbrahimiBarough S, Ardalan M, Hadjighassem M. Correction to: Effect of multifactorial therapeutic approach on axonal regeneration and cell viability in an in-vitro model of spinal-derived neural injury. Cell Tissue Bank 2023; 24:683. [PMID: 36658369 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-023-10069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Azizi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology research center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh EbrahimiBarough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mahmoudreza Hadjighassem
- Brain and Spinal Cord Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nilsson G, Mottahedin A, Zelco A, Lauschke VM, Ek CJ, Song J, Ardalan M, Hua S, Zhang X, Mallard C, Hagberg H, Leavenworth JW, Wang X. Two different isoforms of osteopontin modulate myelination and axonal integrity. FASEB Bioadv 2023; 5:336-353. [PMID: 37554545 PMCID: PMC10405251 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2023-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal myelination underlies the pathology of white matter diseases such as preterm white matter injury and multiple sclerosis. Osteopontin (OPN) has been suggested to play a role in myelination. Murine OPN mRNA is translated into a secreted isoform (sOPN) or an intracellular isoform (iOPN). Whether there is an isoform-specific involvement of OPN in myelination is unknown. Here we generated mouse models that either lacked both OPN isoforms in all cells (OPN-KO) or lacked sOPN systemically but expressed iOPN specifically in oligodendrocytes (OLs-iOPN-KI). Transcriptome analysis of isolated oligodendrocytes from the neonatal brain showed that genes and pathways related to increase of myelination and altered cell cycle control were enriched in the absence of the two OPN isoforms in OPN-KO mice compared to control mice. Accordingly, adult OPN-KO mice showed an increased axonal myelination, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy imaging, and increased expression of myelin-related proteins. In contrast, neonatal oligodendrocytes from OLs-iOPN-KI mice compared to control mice showed differential regulation of genes and pathways related to the increase of cell adhesion, motility, and vasculature development, and the decrease of axonal/neuronal development. OLs-iOPN-KI mice showed abnormal myelin formation in the early phase of myelination in young mice and signs of axonal degeneration in adulthood. These results suggest an OPN isoform-specific involvement, and a possible interplay between the isoforms, in myelination, and axonal integrity. Thus, the two isoforms of OPN need to be separately considered in therapeutic strategies targeting OPN in white matter injury and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Nilsson
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Amin Mottahedin
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Aura Zelco
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Volker M. Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer‐Bosch Institute of Clinical PharmacologyStuttgartGermany
- University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - C. Joakim Ek
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Juan Song
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain InjuryInstitute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Sha Hua
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital/Luwan Branch, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain InjuryInstitute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Carina Mallard
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Jianmei W. Leavenworth
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain InjuryInstitute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Gravina G, Ardalan M, Chumak T, Nilsson AK, Ek JC, Danielsson H, Svedin P, Pekny M, Pekna M, Sävman K, Hellström A, Mallard C. Proteomics identifies lipocalin-2 in neonatal inflammation associated with cerebrovascular alteration in mice and preterm infants. iScience 2023; 26:107217. [PMID: 37496672 PMCID: PMC10366453 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus (S.) epidermidis is the most common nosocomial coagulase-negative staphylococci infection in preterm infants. Clinical signs of infection are often unspecific and novel markers to complement diagnosis are needed. We investigated proteomic alterations in mouse brain after S. epidermidis infection and in preterm infant blood. We identified lipocalin-2 (LCN2) as a crucial protein associated with cerebrovascular changes and astrocyte reactivity in mice. We further proved that LCN2 protein expression was associated with endothelial cells but not astrocyte reactivity. By combining network analysis and differential expression approaches, we identified LCN2 linked to blood C-reactive protein levels in preterm infants born <28 weeks of gestation. Blood LCN2 levels were associated with similar alterations of cytokines and chemokines in both infected mice and human preterm infants with increased levels of C-reactive protein. This experimental and clinical study suggests that LCN2 may be a marker of preterm infection/inflammation associated with cerebrovascular changes and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Gravina
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Translational Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders K. Nilsson
- Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim C. Ek
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Danielsson
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sach’s Children’s and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Milos Pekny
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcela Pekna
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Laboratory of Regenerative Neurobiology, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Sävman
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Neonatology, The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Hellström
- Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ardalan M. Neurological Diseases: A Molecular Genetic Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10894. [PMID: 37446073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders (which include a broad spectrum of central nervous system diseases from children to old people) remain among the most compelling illnesses known to humankind [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ardalan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, 8240 Aarhus, Denmark
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Azizi F, Ghasemi R, EbrahimiBarough S, Ardalan M, Hadjighassem M. Effect of multifactorial therapeutic approach on axonal regeneration and cell viability in an in-vitro model of spinal-derived neural injury. Cell Tissue Bank 2023; 24:471-484. [PMID: 36396867 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-10047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The highly debilitated nature of spinal cord injuries (SCI) creates an inhibitory repair environment that limits the recovery rate and therefore single interventional treatment has been resulted in incomplete recovery. A multifactorial approach that combines several therapeutic approaches may address diverse aspects of SCI pathology and enhance the recovery rate over single therapy. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of combined olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) (to transport trophic factor, mediate immunomodulation, provide a suitable environment for cell survival), G-CSF (to establish a favorable environment for cell survival) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (to boost the protective activity of OEC) therapy on the cell viability after a scratch injury caused by a cataract knife on cells in an in-vitro model of spinal-derived neural injury. In this study, we used mixed neuronal-glial cultures, which are widely used for an in vitro study of neuronal damage. Scratch insult was made on cells using a cataract knife. The cells were divided into 8 groups (two control groups with and without olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) treatment, injury group, three injury groups with single therapy by using super low dose of LPS (SLD-LPS) (100 pg/ml), OEC group, and G-CSF (100 ng/ml) group, and two injury groups with combined therapy (OEC with SLD-LPS and with all three treatments)). We found a significant decrease in the survival rate of injured cells (p < 0.001) 24 h after scratching insult. Our results indicated morphological alterations in cells in the acute phase (1, 2 and 6 h) after injury, with significant increased gap size at 6 h after induction of injury. Our combined therapy, significantly prevented cell death and decreased the size of the gap over time. We found that combined therapy promoted cell survival following spinal injury by providing a neuroprotective environment for cells. Therefore, our findings provide new insight into the combined therapy, which can be considered for promising preclinical therapeutic strategy for SCI toward clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Azizi
- Department of neuroscience and addiction studies, School of advanced technologies in medicine, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology research center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh EbrahimiBarough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mahmoudreza Hadjighassem
- Brain and spinal cord research center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of neuroscience and addiction studies, School of advanced technologies in medicine, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gravina G, Ardalan M, Chumak T, Rydbeck H, Wang X, Ek CJ, Mallard C. Transcriptome network analysis links perinatal Staphylococcus epidermidis infection to microglia reprogramming in the immature hippocampus. Glia 2023. [PMID: 37246946 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) is the most common nosocomial pathogen in preterm infants and associated with increased risk of cognitive delay, however, underlying mechanisms are unknown. We employed morphological, transcriptomic and physiological methods to extensively characterize microglia in the immature hippocampus following S. epidermidis infection. 3D morphological analysis revealed activation of microglia after S. epidermidis. Differential expression combined with network analysis identified NOD-receptor signaling and trans-endothelial leukocyte trafficking as major mechanisms in microglia. In support, active caspase-1 was increased in the hippocampus and using the LysM-eGFP knock-in transgenic mouse, we demonstrate infiltration of leukocytes to the brain together with disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Our findings identify activation of microglia inflammasome as a major mechanism underlying neuroinflammation following infection. The results demonstrate that neonatal S. epidermidis infection share analogies with S. aureus and neurological diseases, suggesting a previously unrecognized important role in neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm born children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Gravina
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Translational Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Halfdan Rydbeck
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Joakim Ek
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kawamura T, Singh Mallah G, Ardalan M, Chumak T, Svedin P, Jonsson L, Jabbari Shiadeh SM, Goretta F, Ikeda T, Hagberg H, Sandberg M, Mallard C. Therapeutic Effect of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide for Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231198983. [PMID: 37787108 PMCID: PMC10548811 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231198983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY STATEMENT Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia reduces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and SIRT6 levels in the injured hippocampus.Hippocampal high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) release is significantly increased after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) treatment normalizes hippocampal NAD+ and SIRT6 levels, with significant decrease in caspase-3 activity and HMGB1 release.NMN improves early developmental behavior, as well as motor and memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kawamura
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Gagandeep Singh Mallah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lina Jonsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Seyedeh Marziyeh Jabbari Shiadeh
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fanny Goretta
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Mansouri M, Pouretemad H, Bigdeli M, Ardalan M. Excessive audio-visual stimulation leads to impaired social behaviour with an effect on amygdala: Early life excessive exposure to digital devices in male rats. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:6174-6186. [PMID: 36215127 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Today, the effect of extreme early-life exposure to digital devices is suggested as a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the multitude of factors that influence brain development with subsequent behavioural abnormalities have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we simulated extreme early-life exposure to digital devices in rats by audio and visual stimulation and investigated its effects on autism-related behaviours and brain structural alteration. Male rat pups were exposed to excessive audio-visual stimulation (EAVS) from PND (post-natal day) 12 to PND 35, with and without maternal separation (MS). Autism-related behaviours including abnormal sociability, stereotype behaviours, anxiety and locomotor dysfunction were tested at PND 42. Brain structural alternation was examined by considering the amygdala, mPFC (medial prefrontal cortex) and hippocampal regions while performing 3D quantitative stereological analysis. We found that EAVS led to social behaviour deficit and higher locomotion in rats, which were associated with increases in the number of neurons and volume of the amygdala. We also showed that MS did not exaggerate the effect of extreme sensory stimulation on behaviour and the structure of the brain. This study proposed EAVS in rats as an animal model of early exposure to digital devices for investigating possible neurobiological alternations underlying autistic-like behaviours with an emphasis on the amygdala area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Mansouri
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pouretemad
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Bigdeli
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Translational Neuispschiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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12
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Khan AR, Hansen B, Ardalan M, Raza SS. Editorial: Advances in the imaging techniques of radiologically subtle CNS disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1059705. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1059705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Rafati AH, Ardalan M, Vontell RT, Mallard C, Wegener G. Geometrical modelling of neuronal clustering and development. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09871. [PMID: 35847609 PMCID: PMC9283893 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic geometry of neuronal development is an essential concept in theoretical neuroscience. We aimed to design a mathematical model which outlines stepwise in an innovative form and designed to model neuronal development geometrically and modelling spatially the neuronal-electrical field interaction. We demonstrated flexibility in forming the cell and its nucleus to show neuronal growth from inside to outside that uses a fractal cylinder to generate neurons (pyramidal/sphere) in form of mathematically called ‘surface of revolution’. Furthermore, we verified the effect of the adjacent neurons on a free branch from one-side, by modelling a ‘normal vector surface’ that represented a group of neurons. Our model also indicated how the geometrical shapes and clustering of the neurons can be transformed mathematically in the form of vector field that is equivalent to the neuronal electromagnetic activity/electric flux. We further simulated neuronal-electrical field interaction that was implemented spatially using Van der Pol oscillator and taking Laplacian vector field as it reflects biophysical mechanism of neuronal activity and geometrical change. In brief, our study would be considered a proper platform and inspiring modelling for next more complicated geometrical and electrical constructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Rafati
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience-SKS, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Regina T Vontell
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller, School of Medicine, Brain Endowment Bank, Miami, USA
| | - Carina Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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14
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Ardalan M, Chumak T, Quist A, Jabbari Shiadeh SM, Mallard AJ, Rafati AH, Mallard C. Sex dependent glio-vascular interface abnormality in the hippocampus following postnatal immune activation in mice. Dev Neurosci 2022; 44:320-330. [PMID: 35705008 PMCID: PMC9533445 DOI: 10.1159/000525478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuro-gliovascular unit is a crucial structure for providing a balanced well-functioning environment for neurons and their synapses. Activation of the immune system during the developmental period is believed to affect the gliovascular unit, which may trigger neurodevelopmental and neurological/neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study, we hypothesized that vulnerability of the male brain to a neonatal insult was conditioned by sex-dependent differences in the impairment of the hippocampal gliovascular unit. Male and female C57BL/6J pups received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/kg) or saline on postnatal day (P) 5. Brains were collected at P12 and morphological quantifications of hippocampal fibrillary glial acid protein (GFAP<sup>+</sup>) astrocytes and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 protein (Iba1+) microglia were performed by using 3-D image analysis together with measuring the length of CD31<sup>+</sup> and aquaporin-4 (AQP4<sup>+</sup>) vessels. We found a significant increase in the length of CD31<sup>+</sup> capillaries in the male LPS group compared to the saline group; however, coverage of capillaries by astrocytic end-feet (AQP4<sup>+</sup>) was significantly reduced. In contrast, there was a significant increase in AQP4<sup>+</sup> capillary length in female pups 1 week after LPS injection. GFAP<sup>+</sup> astrocytes via morphological changes in the hippocampus showed significant enhancement in the activity 1 week following LPS injection in male mice. We propose that neonatal inflammation could induce susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders through modification of hippocampal gliovascular interface in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ardalan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Maryam Ardalan,
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Quist
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Seyedeh Marziyeh Jabbari Shiadeh
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna-Jean Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali Hoseinpoor Rafati
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carina Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Ardalan M, Chumak T, Quist A, Hermans E, Rafati AH, Gravina G, Shiadeh SMJ, Svedin P, Alabaf S, Hansen B, Wegener G, Westberg L, Mallard C. Reelin cells and sex-dependent synaptopathology in autism following postnatal immune activation. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4400-4422. [PMID: 35474185 PMCID: PMC9545289 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders with considerably increased risk in male infants born preterm and with neonatal infection. Here, we investigated the role of postnatal immune activation on hippocampal synaptopathology by targeting Reelin+ cells in mice with ASD‐like behaviours. Experimental Approach C57/Bl6 mouse pups of both sexes received lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg·kg−1) on postnatal day (P) 5. At P45, animal behaviour was examined by marble burying and sociability test, followed by ex vivo brain MRI diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). Hippocampal synaptogenesis, number and morphology of Reelin+ cells, and mRNA expression of trans‐synaptic genes, including neurexin‐3, neuroligin‐1, and cell‐adhesion molecule nectin‐1, were analysed at P12 and P45. Key Results Social withdrawal and increased stereotypic activities in males were related to increased mean diffusivity on MRI‐DKI and overgrowth in hippocampus together with retention of long‐thin immature synapses on apical dendrites, decreased volume and number of Reelin+ cells as well as reduced expression of trans‐synaptic and cell‐adhesion molecules. Conclusion and Implications The study provides new insights into sex‐dependent mechanisms that may underlie ASD‐like behaviour in males following postnatal immune activation. We identify GABAergic interneurons as core components of dysmaturation of excitatory synapses in the hippocampus following postnatal infection and provide cellular and molecular substrates for the MRI findings with translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ardalan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Quist
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Hermans
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Developmental Origins of Disease, Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherland
| | - Ali Hoseinpoor Rafati
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Giacomo Gravina
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Pernilla Svedin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Setareh Alabaf
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Brian Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience-SKS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Westberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Dudink I, White TA, Ardalan M, Mallard C, Ballerin G, Creed SJ, Pham Y, Sutherland AE, Castillo-Melendez M, Allison BJ, Miller SL. An optimized and detailed step-by-step protocol for the analysis of neuronal morphology in golgi-stained fetal sheep brain. Dev Neurosci 2022; 44:344-362. [DOI: 10.1159/000524055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antenatal brain development during the final trimester of human pregnancy is a time when mature neurons become increasingly complex in morphology, through axonal and dendritic outgrowth, dendritic branching, and synaptogenesis, together with myelin production. Characterizing neuronal morphological development over time is of interest to developmental neuroscience and provides the framework to measure grey matter pathology in pregnancy compromise. Neuronal microstructure can be assessed with Golgi staining, which selectively stains a small percentage (1-3%) of neurons and their entire dendritic arbor. Advanced imaging processing and analysis tools can then be employed to quantitate neuronal cytoarchitecture. Traditional Golgi staining protocols have been optimized and commercial kits are readily available offering improved speed and sensitivity of Golgi staining to produce consistent results. Golgi stained tissue is then visualized under light microscopy and image analysis may be completed with several software programs for morphological analysis of neurons, including freeware and commercial products. Each program requires optimization, whether semi-automated or automated, requiring different levels of investigator intervention and interpretation, which is a critical consideration for unbiased analysis. Detailed protocols for fetal ovine brain tissue are lacking and therefore, we provide a step-by-step workflow of computer software analysis for morphometric quantification of Golgi-stained neurons. Here, we utilized the commonly applied FD Rapid GolgiStain kit (FD NeuroTechnologies) on ovine fetal brains collected at 127 days (0.85) gestational age for the analysis of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. We describe the step-by-step protocol to retrieve neuronal morphometrics using Imaris imaging software to provide quantification of apical and basal dendrites for measures of dendrite length (μm), branch number, branch order and Sholl analysis (intersections over radius). We also detail software add-ons for data retrieval of dendritic spines including the number of spines, spine density and spine classification, which are critical indicators of synaptic function. The assessment of neuronal morphology in the developing brain using Rapid-Golgi and Imaris software is labour-intensive, particularly during the optimization period. The methodology described in this step-by-step description is novel, detailed, and aims to provide a reproducible, working protocol to quantify neuronal cytoarchitecture with simple descriptions that will save time for the next users of these commonly used techniques.
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17
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Etemadi J, Motavalli R, Hejazian S, Zununi Vahed S, Abbasian S, Ardalan M. POS-613 SERUM LEVEL OF IgA ANTI-b2-GLYCOPROTEINI IN HEMODIALYSIS AND PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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18
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Gober R, Ardalan M, Shiadeh SMJ, Duque L, Garamszegi SP, Ascona M, Barreda A, Sun X, Mallard C, Vontell RT. Microglia activation in postmortem brains with schizophrenia demonstrates distinct morphological changes between brain regions. Brain Pathol 2022; 32:e13003. [PMID: 34297453 PMCID: PMC8713533 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a psychiatric disorder that can include symptoms of disorganized speech and thoughts with uncertain underlying mechanisms possibly linked to over-activated microglia. In this study, we used brain samples from sixteen donors with SCZ and thirteen control donors to assess the differential activation of microglia by quantifying density and 3D reconstruction of microglia stained with ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba1). Our samples consisted of sections from the frontal, temporal, and cingulate cortical gray matter, subcortical white matter regions (SCWM), and included the anterior corpus callosum. In the first series of studies, we performed a density analysis followed by a spatial analysis to ascertain the microglial density, distribution, and soma size in SCZ brains. Second, we performed a series of morphological quantification techniques to investigate the arborization patterns of the microglia in SCZ. The results demonstrated an increase in microglia density in the cortical gray matter regions in SCZ cases, while in the SCWM, there was a significant increase in microglia density in the frontal and temporal, but not in the other brain regions of interest (ROIs). Spatial analysis using the "nearest neighbor" demonstrated that there was no effect in "clustering", but there were shorter distances between microglia seen in the SCZ cases. The morphological measures showed that there was a region-dependent increase in the microglia soma size in the SCZ cases while the Sholl analysis revealed a significant decrease in the microglia arborization in the SCZ cases across all the ROI's studied. An in-depth 3D reconstruction of microglia in Brodmann area 9 cortical region found that there was a significant association between age and reduced microglial arborization in the SCZ cases. This region-dependent age association can help determine whether longitudinal changes in microglial activation across age are brain region-dependent, which may point to potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Gober
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and HealthInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Clinical MedicineTranslational Neuropsychiatry UnitAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Seyedeh Marziyeh Jabbari Shiadeh
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and HealthInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Clinical MedicineTranslational Neuropsychiatry UnitAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Linda Duque
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA
| | - Carina Mallard
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and HealthInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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19
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Singh-Mallah G, Kawamura T, Ardalan M, Chumak T, Svedin P, Arthur PG, James C, Hagberg H, Sandberg M, Mallard C. N-Acetyl Cysteine Restores Sirtuin-6 and Decreases HMGB1 Release Following Lipopolysaccharide-Sensitized Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:743093. [PMID: 34867200 PMCID: PMC8634142 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.743093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) are important etiological factors of perinatal brain injury. However, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Sirtuins are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+-dependent histone deacetylases. Sirtuin-6 is thought to regulate inflammatory and oxidative pathways, such as the extracellular release of the alarmin high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). The expression and role of sirtuin-6 in neonatal brain injury are unknown. In a well-established model of neonatal brain injury, which encompasses inflammation (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and hypoxia-ischemia (LPS+HI), we investigated the protein expression of sirtuin-6 and HMGB1, as well as thiol oxidation. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on sirtuin-6 expression, nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation, and release of HMGB1 in the brain and blood thiol oxidation after LPS+HI. We demonstrate reduced expression of sirtuin-6 and increased release of HMGB1 in injured hippocampus after LPS+HI. NAC treatment restored sirtuin-6 protein levels, which was associated with reduced extracellular HMGB1 release and reduced thiol oxidation in the blood. The study suggests that early reduction in sirtuin-6 is associated with HMGB1 release, which may contribute to neonatal brain injury, and that antioxidant treatment is beneficial for the alleviation of these injurious mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh-Mallah
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Takuya Kawamura
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter G Arthur
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher James
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Chumak T, Lecuyer MJ, Nilsson AK, Faustino J, Ardalan M, Svedin P, Sjöbom U, Ek J, Obenaus A, Vexler ZS, Mallard C. Maternal n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Enriched Diet Commands Fatty Acid Composition in Postnatal Brain and Protects from Neonatal Arterial Focal Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 13:449-461. [PMID: 34674145 PMCID: PMC9046339 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The fetus is strongly dependent on nutrients from the mother, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In adult animals, n-3 PUFA ameliorates stroke-mediated brain injury, but the modulatory effects of different PUFA content in maternal diet on focal arterial stroke in neonates are unknown. This study explored effects of maternal n-3 or n-6 enriched PUFA diets on neonatal stroke outcomes. Pregnant mice were assigned three isocaloric diets until offspring reached postnatal day (P) 10–13: standard, long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-3) or n-6 PUFA (n-6) enriched. Fatty acid profiles in plasma and brain of mothers and pups were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and cytokines/chemokines by multiplex protein analysis. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was induced in P9-10 pups and cytokine and chemokine accumulation, caspase-3 and calpain-dependent spectrin cleavage and brain infarct volume were analyzed. The n-3 diet uniquely altered brain lipid profile in naïve pups. In contrast, cytokine and chemokine levels did not differ between n-3 and n-6 diet in naïve pups. tMCAO triggered accumulation of inflammatory cytokines and caspase-3-dependent and -independent cell death in ischemic-reperfused regions in pups regardless of diet, but magnitude of neuroinflammation and caspase-3 activation were attenuated in pups on n-3 diet, leading to protection against neonatal stroke. In conclusion, maternal/postnatal n-3 enriched diet markedly rearranges neonatal brain lipid composition and modulates the response to ischemia. While standard diet is sufficient to maintain low levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines under physiological conditions, n-3 PUFA enriched diet, but not standard diet, attenuates increases of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in ischemic-reperfused regions and protects from neonatal stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Chumak
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anders K Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joel Faustino
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Sjöbom
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Ek
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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21
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Singh-Mallah G, Ardalan M, Kang D, Singh K, McMahon CD, Mallard C, Guan J. Administration of cyclic glycine-proline during infancy improves adult spatial memory, astrocyte plasticity, vascularization and GluR-1 expression in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2517-2527. [PMID: 34565308 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1980845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) is a natural nutrient of breast milk and plays a role in regulating the function of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 function is essential for post-natal brain development and adult cognitive function. We evaluated the effects of cGP on spatial memory and histological changes in the hippocampus of the adult rats following infancy administration. Infant rats were treated with either cGP or saline between post-natal days 8 and 22 via oral administration to lactating dams. The spatial memory was evaluated between post-natal days 70 and 75 using Morris water maze tests. The changes of capillaries, astrocytes, synaptophysin and glutamate receptor-1 were examined in the CA1 stratum radiatum of the hippocampus. Compared to saline-treated group, cGP-treated group showed higher path efficiency of entry and lower average heading errors to the platform zone. cGP-treated group also showed longer, larger and more astrocytic processes, more capillaries and higher glutamate receptor-1 expression. The rats made less average heading error to the platform zone have more capillaries, larger and longer astrocytic branches. Thus cGP treatment/supplementation during infancy moderately improved adulthood spatial memory. This long-lasting effect of cGP on memory could be mediated via promoting astrocytic plasticity, vascularization and glutamate trafficking. Therefore, cGP may have a role in regulating IGF-1 function during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh-Mallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Liggins Institute, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dali Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kuljeet Singh
- AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher D McMahon
- AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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Bay V, Iversen NK, Shiadeh SMJ, Tasker RA, Wegener G, Ardalan M. Tissue processing and optimal visualization of cerebral infarcts following sub-acute focal ischemia in rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 118:102034. [PMID: 34592321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transient cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion in an infarcted brain comes with predictable acute and chronic morphological alterations in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. An accurate delineation of the cerebral infarct is not a simple task due to the complex shapes and indistinct borders of the infarction. Thus, an exact macroscopic histological approach for infarct volume estimation can lead to faster and more reliable preclinical research results. This study investigated the effect(s) of confounding factors such as fixation and tissue embedding on the quality of macroscopic visualization of focal cerebral ischemia by anti-microtubule-associated-protein-2 antibody (MAP2) with conventional Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining serving as the control. The aim was to specify the most reliable macroscopic infarct size estimation method after sub-acute focal cerebral ischemia based on the qualitative investigation. Our results showed that the ischemic area on the MAP2-stained sections could be identified macroscopically on both cryo-preserved and paraffin-embedded sections from both immersion- and perfusion-fixed brains. The HE staining did not clearly depict an infarct area for macroscopic visualization. Therefore both immersion-fixed and perfused-fixed-MAP2 stained sections can be used reliably to quantify cerebral infarcts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Bay
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nina K Iversen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Seyedeh Marziyeh Jabbari Shiadeh
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Andrew Tasker
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown PEI, Canada
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Pharmaceutical Research Center of Excellence, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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23
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Sävman K, Wang W, Rafati AH, Svedin P, Nair S, Golubinskaya V, Ardalan M, Brown KL, Karlsson-Bengtsson A, Mallard C. Galectin-3 modulates microglia inflammation in vitro but not neonatal brain injury in vivo under inflammatory conditions. Dev Neurosci 2021; 43:296-311. [PMID: 34130282 DOI: 10.1159/000517687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia may contribute to injury but may also have neuroprotective properties. Galectin-3 has immunomodulatory properties that may affect the microglia phenotype and subsequent development of injury. Galectin-3 contributes to experimental hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in the neonatal brain, but it is unclear if galectin-3 has similar effects on infectious and sterile inflammation. Thus, we investigated the effect of galectin-3 on microglia in vitro under normal as well as infectious and sterile inflammatory conditions, and the effect of galectin-3 on neonatal brain injury following an infectious challenge in vivo. Conditions mimicking infectious or sterile inflammation were evaluated in primary microglia cell cultures from newborn mice, using LPS (10 ng/mL) and TNF-α (100 ng/mL). The response to galectin-3 was tested alone or together with LPS or TNF-α. Supernatants were collected 24 h after treatment and analyzed for 23 inflammatory mediators including pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines using multiplex protein analysis, as well as ELISA for MCP-1 and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. Phosphorylation of proteins (AKT, ERK1/2, IκB-α, JNK, and p38) was determined in microglia cells. Neonatal brain injury was induced by a combination of LPS and HI (LPS + HI) in postnatal day 9 transgenic mice lacking functional galectin-3 and wild-type controls. LPS and TNF-α induced pro-inflammatory (9/11 vs. 9/10) and anti-inflammatory (6/6 vs. 2/6) cytokines, as well as chemokines (6/6 vs. 4/6) in a similar manner, except generally lower amplitude of the TNF-α-induced response. Galectin-3 alone had no effect on any of the proteins analyzed. Galectin-3 reduced the LPS- and TNF-α-induced microglia response for cytokines, chemokines, and phosphorylation of IκB-α. LPS decreased baseline IGF-1 levels, and the levels were restored by galectin-3. Brain injury or microglia response after LPS + HI was not affected by galectin-3 deficiency. Galectin-3 has no independent effect on microglia but modulates inflammatory activation in vitro. The effect was similar under infectious and sterile inflammatory conditions, suggesting that galectin-3 regulates inflammation not just by binding to LPS or toll-like receptor-4. Galectin-3 restores IGF-1 levels reduced by LPS-induced inflammation, suggesting a potential protective effect on infectious injury. However, galectin-3 deficiency did not affect microglia activation and was not beneficial in an injury model encompassing an infectious challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Sävman
- Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Neonatology, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali Hoseinpoor Rafati
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Syam Nair
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Veronika Golubinskaya
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kelly L Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and the British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anna Karlsson-Bengtsson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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24
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Chen F, Danladi J, Ardalan M, Nyengaard JR, Sanchez C, Wegener G. The rat hippocampal gliovascular system following one week vortioxetine and fluoxetine. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 42:45-56. [PMID: 33199100 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that vortioxetine, unlike the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, produces a rapid increase of dendritic spine number and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)-associated formation of synapses with mitochondrial support in the rat hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus. As a continuation of this line of research, and given the putative role of brain glial cells in mediating antidepressant responses the present study investigated early effects of vortioxetine on hippocampal microvasculature and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and astrocytes and microglia cells. Rats were treated for 1 week with vortioxetine (1.6 g/kg food chow) or fluoxetine (160 mg/L drinking water) at pharmacologically relevant doses. Stereological principles were used to estimate the number of ALDH1L1 positive astrocytes and Iba1 positive microglia cells, and the length of microvessels in subregions of hippocampus. VEGF protein levels were visualized with immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that vortioxetine significantly increased the number of ramified (resting) microglia and astrocytes accompanied by VEGF level elevation, whereas fluoxetine had no effect after 7 days treatment on these measures. Our findings suggest that astrocytes and microglia may have a role in mediating the pharmacological effects of vortioxetine in rats and that these effects are mediated through mechanisms that go beyond inhibition of the serotonin transporter and may target specific 5-HT receptors. It remains to be investigated whether these findings are relevant for the therapeutic effects of vortioxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Chen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2B, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jibrin Danladi
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2B, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2B, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine - Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Connie Sanchez
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2B, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2B, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; AUGUST Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
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25
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Ardalan M, Vargas-Rodriguez CF, Zanton GI, Vázquez-Añón M, Bradford BJ, Titgemeyer EC. Relative availability of metabolizable methionine from 2 ruminally protected sources of methionine fed to lactating dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1811-1822. [PMID: 33246616 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the lactational responses of dairy cows to methionine provided from 2 ruminally protected sources of methionine activity. Twenty-one Holstein dairy cows [11 primiparous (634 kg of body weight, 140 d in milk) and 10 second-parity (670 kg of body weight, 142 d in milk)] were assigned to a treatment sequence in 4 replicated 5 × 5 Latin squares plus 1 cow, with 14-d periods. Treatments were as follows: control; 7.5 or 15 g/d of a ruminally protected product of 2-hydoxy-4-methylthio-butyric acid (NTP-1401; Novus International Inc., St. Charles, MO); or 7.5 or 15 g/d of a ruminally protected dl-methionine product (Smartamine M; Adisseo, Alpharetta, GA). The diet was predicted to meet metabolizable protein and energy requirements. Diets contained 16.1% crude protein, and the control diet was predicted to be deficient in metabolizable methionine (1.85% of metabolizable protein) but sufficient in lysine (6.8% of metabolizable protein). Feed intake and milk yield were measured on d 11 to 14. Blood was collected on d 14. Dry matter intake, milk yield, energy-corrected milk, milk fat yield and percentage, and efficiencies of milk and energy-corrected milk yield were not affected by treatment. Milk protein percentage and milk protein yield increased linearly with supplementation, without differences between methionine sources or interactions between source and level. Linear regressions of milk protein percentage and milk protein yield against supplement amount within source led to slope ratios (NTP-1401:Smartamine M) of 95% for protein percentage and 84% for protein yield, with no differences between sources for increasing milk protein. Plasma methionine concentrations were increased linearly by methionine supplementation; the increase was greater for Smartamine M than for NTP-1401. Plasma d-methionine was increased only by Smartamine M. Plasma 2-hydoxy-4-methylthio-butyric acid was increased only by NTP-1401. Our data demonstrated that supplementation with these methionine sources can improve milk protein percentage and yield, and the 2 methionine sources did not differ in their effect on lactation performance or milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ardalan
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - C F Vargas-Rodriguez
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - G I Zanton
- Novus International Inc., St. Charles, MO 63304
| | | | - B J Bradford
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - E C Titgemeyer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
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26
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Zelco A, Rocha-Ferreira E, Nazmi A, Ardalan M, Chumak T, Nilsson G, Hagberg H, Mallard C, Wang X. Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Accumulate in the Brain After Hypoxia-Ischemia but Do Not Contribute to the Development of Preterm Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:249. [PMID: 32848629 PMCID: PMC7426829 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune system of human and mouse neonates is relatively immature. However, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), commonly divided into the subsets ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3, are already present in the placenta and other fetal compartments and exhibit higher activity than what is seen in adulthood. Recent reports have suggested the potential role of ILCs, especially ILC2s, in spontaneous preterm labor, which is associated with brain damage and subsequent long-term neurodevelopmental deficits. Therefore, we hypothesized that ILCs, and especially ILC2s, play a role in preterm brain injury. Methods C57Bl/6J mice at postnatal day 6 were subjected to hypoxia-ischemia (HI) insult induced by left carotid artery ligation and subsequent exposure to 10% oxygen in nitrogen. The presence of ILCs and ILC2s in the brain was examined at different time points after HI. The contribution of ILC2s to HI-induced preterm brain damage was explored using a conditionally targeted ILC2-deficient mouse strain (Rorα fl/fl IL7r Cre ), and gray and white-matter injury were evaluated at 7 days post-HI. The inflammatory response in the injured brain was assessed using immunoassays and immunochemistry staining. Results Significant increases in ILCs and ILC2s were observed at 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days post-HI in the injured brain hemisphere compared with the uninjured hemisphere in wild-type mice. ILC2s in the brain were predominantly located in the meninges of the injured ipsilateral hemispheres after HI but not in the brain parenchyma. Overall, we did not observe changes in cytokine/chemokine levels in the brains of Rorα fl/fl IL7r Cre mice compared with wild type animals apart from IL-13. Gray and white-matter tissue loss in the brain was not affected after HI in Rorα fl/fl IL7r Cre mice. Correspondingly, we did not find any differences in reactive microglia and astrocyte numbers in the brain in Rorα fl/fl IL7r Cre mice compared with wild-type mice following HI insult. Conclusion After HI, ILCs and ILC2s accumulate in the injured brain hemisphere. However, ILC2s do not contribute to the development of brain damage in this mouse model of preterm brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Zelco
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eridan Rocha-Ferreira
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arshed Nazmi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gisela Nilsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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27
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Bay V, Happ DF, Ardalan M, Quist A, Oggiano F, Chumak T, Hansen K, Ding M, Mallard C, Tasker RA, Wegener G. Flinders sensitive line rats are resistant to infarction following transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Brain Res 2020; 1737:146797. [PMID: 32194078 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common complication of stroke and increases the risk of mortality and disability. Pre-stroke depression is a possible risk factor for stroke and has also been linked to adverse outcomes. The underlying mechanisms linking depression and stroke remain unclear. Preclinical models may provide novel insights, but models reflecting both conditions are lacking. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effects of a 45-min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) on infarct size in male adult Flinders Sensitive Line rats, a genetic animal model of depression, and their control strains Flinders Resistant Line and Sprague-Dawley rats. Infarct size was assessed by tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) staining after 48 h of reperfusion. Angiograms of the vascular structure of naïve animals were produced with a µ-CT scanner. RESULTS Both Flinders strains had significantly smaller infarcts following MCAo compared to Sprague-Dawley rats. This effect does not appear to be due to changes in cerebrovascular architecture, as indicated by an initial exploration of vascular organization using angiograms, or body temperature regulation. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the rat strain does not influence infarct volumes following MCAo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Bay
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Denise F Happ
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Physiology at Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Quist
- Department of Physiology at Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Florian Oggiano
- Department of Physiology at Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Department of Physiology at Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kasper Hansen
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Forensic Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology at Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Andrew Tasker
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown PEI, Canada
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Pharmaceutical Research Center of Excellence, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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28
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Mansouri M, Pouretemad H, Roghani M, Wegener G, Ardalan M. Autistic-like behaviours and associated brain structural plasticity are modulated by oxytocin in maternally separated rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112756. [PMID: 32535183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early psycho-social experiences influence the developing brain and possible onset of various neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ASD is characterized by a variety of brain abnormalities, including alteration of oxytocin receptors in the brain. Recently, early life adverse experiences, such as maternal separation (MS), have been shown to constitute risk factors for ASD in preclinical studies. Therefore, the main aims of the current study were to i) explore the association between onset of autistic-like behaviours and molecular/structural changes in the brain following MS, and ii) evaluate the possible beneficial effects of oxytocin treatment on the same parameters. METHOD AND MATERIAL Male rats were exposed to the maternal separation from post-natal day (PND) 1 to PND14. After weaning, daily injections of oxytocin (1 mg/kg, ip) were administered (PND 22-30), followed by examination of autism-related behaviours at adolescence (PND 42-50). Brain structural plasticity was examined using stereological methods, and the plasma level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was analysed using ELISA. RESULTS We found that maternal separation induced autistic-like behaviours, which was associated with increase in the hippocampal CA1 stratum radiatum (CA1.SR) volume. In addition, we observed increase in the infralimbic brain region volume and in the number of the pyramidal neurons in the same brain region. Maternal separation significantly increased the plasma BDNF levels. Treatment with oxytocin improved autistic like behaviours, normalized the number of neurons and the volume of the infralimbic region as well as the plasma BDNF level (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Maternal separation induced autistic-like behaviours, brain structural impairment together with plasma BDNF level abnormality, which could be improved by oxytocin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Mansouri
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Center of Excellence in Cognitivr Neuropsychology, Institue for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pouretemad
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; AUGUST Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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29
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Gravina G, Svedin P, Ardalan M, Levy O, Ek CJ, Mallard C, Lai JCY. Staphylococcus epidermidis Sensitizes Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Male but Not Female Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:516. [PMID: 32373108 PMCID: PMC7186320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common nosocomial infection and the predominant pathogen in late-onset sepsis in preterm infants. Infection and inflammation are linked to neurological and developmental sequelae and bacterial infections increase the vulnerability of the brain to hypoxia-ischemia (HI). We thus tested the hypothesis that S. epidermidis exacerbates HI neuropathology in neonatal mice. Methods: Male and female C57Bl/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with sterile saline or 3.5 × 107 colony-forming units of S. epidermidis on postnatal day (PND) 4 and then subjected to HI on PND5 (24 h after injection) or PND9 (5 d after injection) by left carotid artery ligation and exposure to 10% O2. White and gray matter injury was assessed on PND14-16. In an additional group of animals, the plasma, brain, and liver were collected on PND5 or PND9 after infection to evaluate cytokine and chemokine profiles, C5a levels and C5 signaling. Results: HI induced 24 h after injection of S. epidermidis resulted in greater gray and white matter injury compared to saline injected controls in males, but not in females. Specifically, males demonstrated increased gray matter injury in the cortex and striatum, and white matter loss in the subcortical region, hippocampal fimbria and striatum. In contrast, there was no potentiation of brain injury when HI occurred 5 d after infection in either sex. In the plasma, S. epidermidis-injected mice demonstrated increased levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and a reduction of C5a at 24 h, but not 5 d after infection. Brain CCL2 levels were increased in both sexes 24 h after infection, but increased only in males at 5 d post infection. Conclusion: Ongoing S. epidermidis infection combined with neonatal HI increases the vulnerability of the developing brain in male but not in female mice. These sex-dependent effects were to a large extent independent of expression of systemic cytokines or brain CCL2 expression. Overall, we provide new insights into how systemic S. epidermidis infection affects the developing brain and show that the time interval between infection and HI is a critical sensitizing factor in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Gravina
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - C Joakim Ek
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jacqueline C Y Lai
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ardalan M, Zununi Vahed S, Cremaschi A, Farnood F. SUN-445 A NOVEL SPLICING SITE MUTATION IN ADAMTS13 GENE IN A PATIENT WITH THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA (TTP). Kidney Int Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Ardalan M, Elfving B, Rafati AH, Mansouri M, Zarate CA, Mathe AA, Wegener G. Rapid effects of S-ketamine on the morphology of hippocampal astrocytes and BDNF serum levels in a sex-dependent manner. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 32:94-103. [PMID: 31973999 PMCID: PMC7281850 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is higher in women than men. Importantly, a differential behavioral response by sex to the antidepressant response to ketamine in rodents has been reported. Mechanistically, male depressed-like animals showed an increased spine density after ketamine treatment via restoration of synaptic protein levels while those proteins were not altered in female rats. In addition, preclinical studies indicate that the impairment of astrocytic plasticity is one of the contributing mechanisms in the pathophysiology of MDD. Accordingly, in this study, we determined the effect of sex on the rapid morphological alteration of hippocampal astrocytes and the serum level of BDNF one hour after S-ketamine injection. A single intraperitoneal dose of S-ketamine (15 mg/kg) or saline was injected to the male and female Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats, a genetic animal model of depression and their brains were perfused one hour after treatment. The size of the GFAP positive astrocytes in the hippocampal subregions was measured. The volume of different hippocampal subregions was assessed using the Cavalieri estimator. Moreover, serum levels of BDNF were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The volume of hippocampal subregions significantly increased one hour after S-ketamine in both male and female FSL animals. However, a substantial alteration in the morphology of the hippocampal astrocytes was observed only in the female rats. Additionally, significantly increased serum BDNF levels in the female depressed rats were observed one hour after S-ketamine treatment. Our results indicate that the rapid effects of S-ketamine on the morphology of the hippocampal astrocytes and the serum level of BDNF are sex-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ali H Rafati
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Monireh Mansouri
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National, Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Aleksander A Mathe
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockohlm, Sweden
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; AUGUST Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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32
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Ardalan M, Svedin P, Baburamani AA, Supramaniam VG, Ek J, Hagberg H, Mallard C. Dysmaturation of Somatostatin Interneurons Following Umbilical Cord Occlusion in Preterm Fetal Sheep. Front Physiol 2019; 10:563. [PMID: 31178744 PMCID: PMC6538799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral white matter injury is the most common neuropathology observed in preterm infants. However, there is increasing evidence that gray matter development also contributes to neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Fetal cerebral ischemia can lead to both neuronal and non-neuronal structural-functional abnormalities, but less is known about the specific effects on interneurons. OBJECTIVE In this study we used a well-established animal model of fetal asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep to study neuropathological outcome. We used comprehensive stereological methods to investigate the total number of oligodendrocytes, neurons and somatostatin (STT) positive interneurons as well as 3D morphological analysis of STT cells 14 days following umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) in fetal sheep. MATERIALS AND METHODS Induction of asphyxia was performed by 25 min of complete UCO in five preterm fetal sheep (98-100 days gestational age). Seven, non-occluded twins served as controls. Quantification of the number of neurons (NeuN), STT interneurons and oligodendrocytes (Olig2, CNPase) was performed on fetal brain regions by applying optical fractionator method. A 3D morphological analysis of STT interneurons was performed using IMARIS software. RESULTS The number of Olig2, NeuN, and STT positive cells were reduced in IGWM, caudate and putamen in UCO animals compared to controls. There were also fewer STT interneurons in the ventral part of the hippocampus, the subiculum and the entorhinal cortex in UCO group, while other parts of cortex were virtually unaffected (p > 0.05). Morphologically, STT positive interneurons showed a markedly immature structure, with shorter dendritic length and fewer dendritic branches in cortex, caudate, putamen, and subiculum in the UCO group compared with control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The significant reduction in the total number of neurons and oligodendrocytes in several brain regions confirm previous studies showing susceptibility of both neuronal and non-neuronal cells following fetal asphyxia. However, in the cerebral cortex significant dysmaturation of STT positive neurons occurred in the absence of cell loss. This suggests an abnormal maturation pattern of GABAergic interneurons in the cerebral cortex, which might contribute to neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants and could implicate a novel target for neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ardalan
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana A. Baburamani
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veena G. Supramaniam
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joakim Ek
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Treccani G, Ardalan M, Chen F, Musazzi L, Popoli M, Wegener G, Nyengaard JR, Müller HK. S-Ketamine Reverses Hippocampal Dendritic Spine Deficits in Flinders Sensitive Line Rats Within 1 h of Administration. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7368-7379. [PMID: 31037646 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
When administered as a single subanesthetic dose, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, ketamine, produces rapid (within hours) and relatively sustained antidepressant actions even in treatment-resistant patients. Preclinical studies have shown that ketamine increases dendritic spine density and synaptic proteins in brain areas critical for the actions of antidepressants, yet the temporal relationship between structural changes and the onset of antidepressant action remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of a single dose of S-ketamine (15 mg/kg) on dendritic length, dendritic arborization, spine density, and spine morphology in the Flinders Sensitive and Flinders Resistant Line (FSL/FRL) rat model of depression. We found that already 1 h after injection with ketamine, apical dendritic spine deficits in CA1 pyramidal neurons of FSL rats were completely restored. Notably, the observed increase in spine density was attributable to regulation of both mushroom and long-thin spines. In contrast, ketamine had no effect on dendritic spine density in FRL rats. On the molecular level, ketamine normalized elevated levels of phospho-cofilin and the NMDA receptor subunits GluN2A and GluN2B and reversed homer3 deficiency in hippocampal synaptosomes of FSL rats. Taken together, our data suggest that rapid formation of new spines may provide an important structural substrate during the initial phase of ketamine's antidepressant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Treccani
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 72, 8240, Risskov, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, Mainz, Germany
- Deutsches Resilienz Zentrum (DRZ) gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 72, 8240, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 72, 8240, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Laura Musazzi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics - Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics - Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 72, 8240, Risskov, Denmark
- AUGUST Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Heidi Kaastrup Müller
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 72, 8240, Risskov, Denmark.
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Anzabi M, Angleys H, Aamand R, Ardalan M, Mouridsen K, Rasmussen PM, Sørensen JCH, Plesnila N, Østergaard L, Iversen NK. Capillary flow disturbances after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage: A contributor to delayed cerebral ischemia? Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12516. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Anzabi
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN); Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Hugo Angleys
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN); Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Rasmus Aamand
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN); Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN); Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Kim Mouridsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN); Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Peter Mondrup Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN); Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | | | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD); University of Munich Medical Center; Munich Germany
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN); Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Neuroradiology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Nina Kerting Iversen
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN); Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
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Mottahedin A, Zhang X, Zelco A, Ardalan M, Lai JCY, Mallard C, Wang X, Ahmady Phoulady H. A novel image segmentation method for the evaluation of inflammation-induced cortical and hippocampal white matter injury in neonatal mice. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 96:79-85. [PMID: 30586607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The developing brain is very susceptible to environmental insults, and very immature infants often suffer from long-term neurological syndromes associated with white matter injuries such as periventricular leukomalacia. Infection and inflammation are important risk factors for neonatal brain white matter injuries, but the evaluation of white matter injury in animal models, especially the quantification of myelinated axons, has long been problematic due to the lack of ideal measurement methods. Here, we present an automated segmentation method, which we call MyelinQ, for the quantification of myelinated white matter in immunohistochemical DAB-stained sections of the neonatal mouse brain. Using MyelinQ, we show that a viral infection mimic agent, the Toll-like receptor 3 ligand Poly I:C, causes significant hypomyelination of white matter in the cortical and hippocampal fimbria regions, but not in the striatal caudoputamen region. We showed that MyelinQ can reliably produce results that are comparable to a method used in our previous publications. However, in comparison to the conventional method, MyelinQ has the advantages of being automated, objective and accurate. MyelinQ can analyze white matter in various specific brain regions and therefore provides a useful platform for the quantification of myelin and the evaluation of white matter injuries in animal models. MyelinQ and its code together with instructions for use can be found at: https://github.com/parham-ap/myelinq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mottahedin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aura Zelco
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jacqueline C Y Lai
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hady Ahmady Phoulady
- Department of Computer Science, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA.
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Bay V, Kjølby BF, Iversen NK, Mikkelsen IK, Ardalan M, Nyengaard JR, Jespersen SN, Drasbek KR, Østergaard L, Hansen B. Stroke infarct volume estimation in fixed tissue: Comparison of diffusion kurtosis imaging to diffusion weighted imaging and histology in a rodent MCAO model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196161. [PMID: 29698450 PMCID: PMC5919652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is a new promising MRI technique with microstructural sensitivity superior to conventional diffusion tensor (DTI) based methods. In stroke, considerable mismatch exists between the infarct lesion outline obtained from the two methods, kurtosis and diffusion tensor derived metrics. We aim to investigate if this mismatch can be examined in fixed tissue. Our investigation is based on estimates of mean diffusivity (MD) and mean (of the) kurtosis tensor (MKT) obtained using recent fast DKI methods requiring only 19 images. At 24 hours post stroke, rat brains were fixed and prepared. The infarct was clearly visible in both MD and MKT maps. The MKT lesion volume was roughly 31% larger than the MD lesion volume. Subsequent histological analysis (hematoxylin) revealed similar lesion volumes to MD. Our study shows that structural components underlying the MD/MKT mismatch can be investigated in fixed tissue and therefore allows a more direct comparison between lesion volumes from MRI and histology. Additionally, the larger MKT infarct lesion indicates that MKT do provide increased sensitivity to microstructural changes in the lesion area compared to MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Bay
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Birgitte F. Kjølby
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nina K. Iversen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Irene K. Mikkelsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R. Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sune N. Jespersen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim R. Drasbek
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Chen F, Danladi J, Ardalan M, Elfving B, Müller HK, Wegener G, Sanchez C, Nyengaard JR. A Critical Role of Mitochondria in BDNF-Associated Synaptic Plasticity After One-Week Vortioxetine Treatment. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21. [PMID: 29514282 PMCID: PMC6007239 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have indicated that antidepressant effect of vortioxetine involves increased synaptic plasticity and promotion of spine maturation. Mitochondria dysfunction may contribute to the pathophysiological basis of major depressive disorder. Taking into consideration that vortioxetine increases spine number and dendritic branching in hippocampus CA1 faster than fluoxetine, we hypothesize that new spines induced by vortioxetine can rapidly form functional synapses by mitochondrial support, accompanied by increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling. METHODS Rats were treated for 1 week with vortioxetine or fluoxetine at pharmacologically relevant doses. Number of synapses and mitochondria in hippocampus CA1 were quantified by electron microscopy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels were visualized with immunohistochemistry. Gene and protein expression of synapse and mitochondria-related markers were investigated with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. RESULTS Vortioxetine increased number of synapses and mitochondria significantly, whereas fluoxetine had no effect after 1-week dosing. BDNF levels in hippocampus DG and CA1 were significantly higher after vortioxetine treatment. Gene expression levels of Rac1 after vortioxetine treatment were significantly increased. There was a tendency towards increased gene expression levels of Drp1 and protein levels of Rac1. However, both gene and protein levels of c-Fos were significantly decreased. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between BDNF levels and mitochondria and synapse numbers. CONCLUSION Our results imply that mitochondria play a critical role in synaptic plasticity accompanied by increased BDNF levels. Rapid changes in BDNF levels and synaptic/mitochondria plasticity of hippocampus following vortioxetine compared with fluoxetine may be ascribed to vortioxetine's modulation of serotonin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Chen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence: Fenghua Chen, Department of Clinical Medicine - Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, Denmark ()
| | - Jibrin Danladi
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Heidi K Müller
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- AUGUST Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Connie Sanchez
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Alkermes, Biotechnology, Waltham, MA
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Anzabi M, Ardalan M, Iversen NK, Rafati AH, Hansen B, Østergaard L. Hippocampal Atrophy Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Correlates with Disruption of Astrocyte Morphology and Capillary Coverage by AQP4. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:19. [PMID: 29445328 PMCID: PMC5797792 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite successful management of ruptured intracranial aneurysm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) remains the main cause of high mortality and morbidity in patients who survive the initial bleeding. Astrocytes play a key role in neurovascular coupling. Therefore, changes in the neurovascular unit including astrocytes following SAH may contribute to the development of DCI and long-term complications. In this study, we characterized morphological changes in hippocampal astrocytes following experimental SAH, with special emphasis on glia-vascular cross-talk and hippocampal volume changes. Four days after induction of SAH or sham-operation in mice, their hippocampal volumes were determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological/stereological methods. Glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) immunostained hippocampal sections were examined by stereological techniques to detect differences in astrocyte morphology, and global spatial sampling method was used to quantify the length density of Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) positive capillaries. Our results indicated that hippocampal volume, as measured both by MRI and by histological approaches, was significantly lower in SAH animals than in the sham-operated group. Accordingly, in this animal model of SAH, hippocampal atrophy existed already at the time of DCI onset in humans. SAH induced retraction of GFAP positive astrocyte processes, accompanied by a significant reduction in the length density of AQP4 positive capillaries as well as narrowing of hippocampal capillaries. Meanwhile, astrocyte volume was higher in SAH mice compared with the sham-operated group. Morphological changes in hippocampal astrocytes seemingly disrupt glia-vascular interactions early after SAH and may contribute to hippocampal atrophy. We speculate that astrocytes and astrocyte-capillary interactions may provide targets for the development of therapies to improve the prognosis of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Anzabi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Nina K Iversen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ali H Rafati
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark.,Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Brian Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Chen F, Ardalan M, Elfving B, Wegener G, Madsen TM, Nyengaard JR. Mitochondria Are Critical for BDNF-Mediated Synaptic and Vascular Plasticity of Hippocampus following Repeated Electroconvulsive Seizures. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 21:291-304. [PMID: 29228215 PMCID: PMC5838811 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy is a fast-acting and efficient treatment of depression used in the clinic. The underlying mechanism of its therapeutic effect is still unclear. However, recovery of synaptic connections and synaptic remodeling is thought to play a critical role for the clinical efficacy obtained from a rapid antidepressant response. Here, we investigated the relationship between synaptic changes and concomitant nonneuronal changes in microvasculature and mitochondria and its relationship to brain-derived neurotrophic factor level changes after repeated electroconvulsive seizures, an animal model of electroconvulsive therapy. METHODS Electroconvulsive seizures or sham treatment was given daily for 10 days to rats displaying a genetically driven phenotype modelling clinical depression: the Flinders Sensitive and Resistant Line rats. Stereological principles were employed to quantify numbers of synapses and mitochondria, and the length of microvessels in the hippocampus. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels were quantified with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In untreated controls, a lower number of synapses and mitochondria was accompanied by shorter microvessels of the hippocampus in "depressive" phenotype (Flinders Sensitive Line) compared with the "nondepressed" phenotype (Flinders Resistant Line). Electroconvulsive seizure administration significantly increased the number of synapses and mitochondria, and length of microvessels both in Flinders Sensitive Line-electroconvulsive seizures and Flinders Resistant Line-electroconvulsive seizures rats. In addition, the amount of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein was significantly increased in Flinders Sensitive Line and Flinders Resistant Line rats after electroconvulsive seizures. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between brain-derived neurotrophic factor level and mitochondria/synapses. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that rapid and efficient therapeutic effect of electroconvulsive seizures may be related to synaptic plasticity, accompanied by brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein level elevation and mitochondrial and vascular support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Chen
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Correspondence: Fenghua Chen, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Skovagervej 2, building 14K, 0.15, 8240 Risskov, Denmark ()
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark,Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa,Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- AUGUST Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | | | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Mottahedin A, Ardalan M, Chumak T, Riebe I, Ek J, Mallard C. Effect of Neuroinflammation on Synaptic Organization and Function in the Developing Brain: Implications for Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:190. [PMID: 28744200 PMCID: PMC5504097 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is a plastic organ where both the intrinsic CNS milieu and extrinsic cues play important roles in shaping and wiring neural connections. The perinatal period constitutes a critical time in central nervous system development with extensive refinement of neural connections, which are highly sensitive to fetal and neonatal compromise, such as inflammatory challenges. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cells in the brain such as microglia and astrocytes are pivotal in regulating synaptic structure and function. In this article, we will review the role of glia cells in synaptic physiology and pathophysiology, including microglia-mediated elimination of synapses. We propose that activation of the immune system dynamically affects synaptic organization and function in the developing brain. We will discuss the role of neuroinflammation in altered synaptic plasticity following perinatal inflammatory challenges and potential implications for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mottahedin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ilse Riebe
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Ek
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
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Ardalan M, Rafati AH, Nyengaard JR, Wegener G. Rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine correlates with astroglial plasticity in the hippocampus. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:483-492. [PMID: 28087979 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Astroglia contribute to the pathophysiology of major depression and antidepressant drugs act by modulating synaptic plasticity; therefore, the present study investigated whether the fast antidepressant action of ketamine is reflected in a rapid alteration of the astrocytes' morphology in a genetic animal model of depression. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH S-Ketamine (15 mg·kg-1 ) or saline was administered as a single injection to Flinders Line (FSL/ FRL) rats. Twenty-four hours after the treatment, perfusion fixation was carried out and the morphology of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes in the CA1 stratum radiatum (CA1.SR) and the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (GCL) of the hippocampus was investigated by applying stereological techniques and analysis with Imaris software. The depressive-like behaviour of animals was also evaluated using forced swim test. KEY RESULTS FSL rats treated with ketamine exhibited a significant reduction in immobility time in comparison with the FSL-vehicle group. The volumes of the hippocampal CA1.SR and GCL regions were significantly increased 1 day after ketamine treatment in the FSL rats. The size of astrocytes in the ketamine-treated FSL rats was larger than those in the FSL-vehicle group. Additionally, the number and length of the astrocytic processes in the CA1.SR region were significantly increased 1 day following ketamine treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results support the hypothesis that astroglial atrophy contributes to the pathophysiology of depression and a morphological modification of astrocytes could be one mechanism by which ketamine rapidly improves depressive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Ali H Rafati
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark.,Center for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark.,Pharmaceutical Research Center of Excellence, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Ardalan M, Wegener G, Rafati AH, Nyengaard JR. S-Ketamine Rapidly Reverses Synaptic and Vascular Deficits of Hippocampus in Genetic Animal Model of Depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 20:247-256. [PMID: 27815416 PMCID: PMC5408982 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurovascular plasticity of hippocampus is an important theory underlying major depression. Ketamine as a novel glutamatergic antidepressant drug can induce a rapid antidepressant effect within hours. In a mechanistic proof of this concept, we examined whether ketamine leads to an increase in synaptogenesis and vascularization within 24 hours after a single injection in a genetic rat model of depression. METHODS Flinders Sensitive Line and Flinders Resistant Line rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (15 mg/kg) or saline. One day later, their behavior was evaluated by a modified forced swim test. Microvessel length was evaluated with global spatial sampling and optical microscopy, whereas the number of asymmetric synapses was quantified through serial section electron microscopy by using physical disector method in the CA1.stratum radiatum area of hippocampus. RESULTS The immobility time in the forced swim test among Flinders Sensitive Line rats with ketamine treatment was significantly lower compared with Flinders Sensitive Line rats without treatment. The number of nonperforated and perforated synapses was significantly higher in the Flinders Sensitive Line-ketamine vs the Flinders Sensitive Line-vehicle group; however, ketamine did not induce a significant increase in the number of shaft synapses. Additionally, total length of microvessels was significantly increased 1 day after ketamine treatment in Flinders Sensitive Line rats in the hippocampal subregions, including the CA1.stratum radiatum. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that hippocampal vascularization and synaptogenesis is co-regulated rapidly after ketamine, and microvascular elongation may be a supportive factor for synaptic plasticity and neuronal activity. These findings go hand-in-hand with the behavioral observations, where ketamine acts as a potent antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark (Drs Ardalan and Wegener); Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (Drs Ardalan, Rafati, and Nyengaard); Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Drs Rafati and Nyengaard); Pharmaceutical Research Center of Excellence, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener)
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark (Drs Ardalan and Wegener); Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (Drs Ardalan, Rafati, and Nyengaard); Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Drs Rafati and Nyengaard); Pharmaceutical Research Center of Excellence, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener)
| | - Ali H. Rafati
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark (Drs Ardalan and Wegener); Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (Drs Ardalan, Rafati, and Nyengaard); Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Drs Rafati and Nyengaard); Pharmaceutical Research Center of Excellence, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener)
| | - Jens R. Nyengaard
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark (Drs Ardalan and Wegener); Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (Drs Ardalan, Rafati, and Nyengaard); Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Drs Rafati and Nyengaard); Pharmaceutical Research Center of Excellence, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener)
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Ardalan M, Miesner MD, Reinhardt CD, Thomson DU, Armendariz CK, Titgemeyer EC. 1577 Guanidinoacetic acid as a precursor for creatine in steers. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ardalan M, Vargas Rodriguez CF, Zanton GI, Vázquez-Añón M, Titgemeyer EC, Bradford BJ. 1575 Eelative availability for lactating dairy cattle of methionine from two sources of ruminally protected methionine. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ardalan M, Wegener G, Polsinelli B, Madsen TM, Nyengaard JR. Neurovascular plasticity of the hippocampus one week after a single dose of ketamine in genetic rat model of depression. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1414-1423. [PMID: 27440163 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glutamatergic system and the structural plasticity hypothesis are principal components for rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of novel antidepressant therapeutics. This study represents the first investigation of the structural plasticity of the hippocampus as one of the main contributed mechanisms to the sustained anti-depressive effect of ketamine. Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) and Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (15 mg/kg) or saline 7 days before perfusion-fixed. The optical fractionator method was used to estimate the total number of neurons in the granular cell layer. Microvessel length in the molecular layer of DG was evaluated with global spatial sampling method. By use of the physical disector method, the number of synapses was estimated. The volume of the hippocampus was larger in the FRL-vehicle rats compared with FSL-vehicle group and in FSL-ketamine versus FSL-vehicle rats (P < 0.05). The number of non-perforated synapses was significantly higher in the FSL-ketamine versus FSL-vehicle group, (P = 0.01). A significant effect of ketamine on enhancement of the number of neurons in DG in FSL rats was observed (P = 0.01). The total length of the microvessels 1 week after ketamine treatment in the FSL rats significantly increased (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that neurovascular changes of hippocampus could be one of the possible mechanisms underlying the sustained antidepressant effect of ketamine by reversing alteration of the number of the excitatory synapses, neuronal number and length of the microvessels in the hippocampus. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ardalan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark.,Pharmaceutical Research Center of Excellence, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Benedetta Polsinelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging (CSGB), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Sarrafzadeh SA, Hoseinpoor Rafati A, Ardalan M, Mansouri D, Tabarsi P, Pourpak Z. The accuracy of serum galactomannan assay in diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 9:149-55. [PMID: 20952804 DOI: 09.03/ijaai.149155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Galactomannan (GM) antigen is an aspergillus specific antigen that is released during the growth phase of invasive aspergillosis. We aimed to find the optimum cutoff and accuracy of serum Galactomannan assay in immunocompromised patients. Immunocompromised patients diagnosed with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) based on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Mycosis Study Group (EORTC/MSG) with three levels of certainty proven, probable and possible, referred for GM antigen measurement at Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI) from 2006 to 2009 and if they met the criteria were enrolled in this study. Totally 49 patients with IPA were enrolled in our study. According to EORTC/MSG, patients categorized into three levels of certainty: They were diagnosed as 'proven' invasive pulmonary aspergillosis 16(32.7%), 'probable' 18(36.7%) and 'possible' 15(30.6%). The most common host risk factor was solid tumors 17(34.7%). The accuracy of Galactomannan assay increased from 0.5 to 2 cutoffs. The optimum sensitivity and specificity obtained at the index cutoff of ≥1.5 for diagnosis of "proven" IPA; which were respectively, 69.2% and 72.2%. Other cutoffs had high variance between sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of IPA. The calculated cutoff gained by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for detecting proven IPA was 1.5. Intermediate accuracy of serum GM test in conjunct with clinical findings would help early IPA detection among immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokooh Azam Sarrafzadeh
- Immunology, Asthma & Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bahrehmand F, Vaisi-Raygani A, Kiani A, Rahimi Z, Tavilani H, Ardalan M, Vaisi-Raygani H, Shakiba E, Pourmotabbed T. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus: correlation with systemic inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. Lupus 2014; 24:597-605. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203314559085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple organs and is characterized by persistent systemic inflammation. Among the effects of inflammatory mediators, the induction of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be important in the development of SLE. In this study, the possible association between MMP-9 and MMP-2 functional promoter polymorphism, stress, and inflammatory markers with development of severe cardiovascular disease (CVD), high blood pressure (HBP), and lupus nephropathy (LN) in SLE patients was investigated. The present case-control study consisted of 109 SLE patients with and without CVD, HBP and LN and 101 gender- and age-matched unrelated healthy controls from a population in western Iran. MMP-2 –G1575A and MMP-9 –C1562T polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP, serum MMP-2 and MMP-9, neopterin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid levels were determined by ELISA, HPLC and enzyme assay, respectively. We found that MMP-9 –C1562 T and MMP-2 –G1575A alleles act synergistically to increase the risk of SLE by 2.98 times ( p = 0.015). Findings of this study also demonstrated that there is a significant increase in the serum levels of MMP-2, neopterin and MDA and a significant decrease in serum level of MMP-9 in the presence of MMP-9-C1562 T and MMP-2 –G1575A alleles in SLE patients compared to controls. Further, SLE patients with MMP-9 (C/T + T/T) genotype had significantly higher serum concentrations of MMP-2, neopterin, MDA and LDL-C, but lower serum MMP-9 and HDL-C levels than corresponding members of the control group. MMP-9 (C/T + T/T) genotype increased risk of hypertension in SLE patients 2.71-fold. This study for the first time not only suggests that MMP-9 –C1562 T and MMP-2 –G1575A alleles synergistically increase the risk of SLE but also high serum levels of MDA, neopterin, and circulatory levels of MMP-2 and lower MMP-9 in SLE patients. This information may be important in the evaluation of SLE progression and in the elucidation of the mechanisms of the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bahrehmand
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Molecular Diagnostic Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - A Vaisi-Raygani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Molecular Diagnostic Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - A Kiani
- Molecular Diagnostic Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Z Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - H Tavilani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - M Ardalan
- Kidney Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - H Vaisi-Raygani
- Department of Chemistry, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - E Shakiba
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - T Pourmotabbed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, USA
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Bantis C, Heering P, Kouri NM, Siekierka-Harreis M, Stangou M, Schwandt C, Efstratiadis G, Rump LC, Ivens K, Haddiya I, Houssaini Squalli T, Laouad I, Ramdani B, Bayahia R, Dimas GG, Tegos TJ, Spiroglou SG, Pitsalidis CG, Sioulis AS, Karamouzis IM, Savopoulos CG, Karamouzis MI, Orologas AG, Hatzitolios AI, Grekas DM, Maixnerova D, Jancova E, Rychlik I, Rysava R, Merta M, Reiterova J, Kolsky A, Honsova E, Skibova J, Tesar V, Kendi Celebi Z, Calayoglu R, Keven K, Kurultak I, Mescigil P, Erbay B, Karatan O, Duman N, Erturk S, Nergizoglu G, Kutlay S, Sengul S, Ates K, Marino F, Martorano C, Bellantoni M, Tripepi R, Zoccali C, Ishizuka K, Harita Y, Kajiho Y, Tsurumi H, Asano T, Nishiyama K, Sugawara N, Chikamoto H, Akioka Y, Yamaguchi Y, Igarashi T, Hattori M, Bantis C, Heering PJ, Kouri NM, Stangou M, Siekierka-Harreis M, Efstratiadis G, Rump LC, Ivens K, Sahay M, Monova DV, Monov SV, Wang YY, Cheng H, Wang GQ, Dong HR, Chen YP, Wang CJ, Tang YL, Buti E, Dervishi E, Bergesio F, Ghiandai G, Mjeshtri A, Paudice N, Caldini AL, Nozzoli C, Minetti EE, Sun L, Feng J, Yao L, Fan Q, Ma J, Wang L, Kirsanova T, Merkusheva L, Ruinihina N, Kozlovskaya N, Elenshleger G, Turgutalp K, Karabulut U, Ozcan T, Helvaci I, Kiykim A, Kaul A, Bhadhuaria D, sharma R, Prasad N, Gupta A, Clajus C, Schmidt J, Haller H, Kumpers P, David S, Sevillano AM, Molina M, Gutierrez E, Morales E, Gonzalez E, Hernandez E, Praga M, Conde Olasagasti JL, Vozmediano Poyatos C, Illescas ML, Tallon S, Uson Carrasco JJ, Roca Munoz A, Rivera Hernandez F, Ismail G, Jurubita R, Andronesi A, Bobeica R, Zilisteanu D, Rusu E, Achim C, Sevillano AM, Molina M, Gutierrez E, Morales E, Huerta A, Hernandez E, Caro J, Gutierrez-Solis E, Praga M, Pasquariello A, Pasquariello G, Innocenti M, Grassi G, Egidi MF, Ozturk O, Yildiz A, Gul CB, Dilek K, Monov SV, Monova DV, Tylicki L, Jakubowska A, Weber E, Lizakowski S, Swietlik D, Rutkowski B, Postorino A, Costa S, Cristadoro S, Magazzu G, Bellinghieri G, Savica V, Buemi M, Santoro D, Lu Y, Shen P, Li X, Xu Y, Pan X, Wang W, Chen X, Zhang W, Ren H, Chen N, Mitic BP, Cvetkovic T, Vlahovic P, Velickovic Radovanovic R, Stefanovic V, Kostic S, Djordjevic V, Ao Q, Ma Q, Cheng Q, Wang X, Liu S, Zhang R, Ozturk S, Ozmen S, Akin D, Danis R, Yilmaz M, Hajri S, Barbouche S, Okpa H, Oviasu E, Ojogwu L, Fotouhi N, Ghaffari A, Hamzavi F, Nasri H, Ardalan M, Stott A, Ullah A, Anijeet H, Ahmed S, Kohli HS, Rajachandran R, Rathi M, Jha V, Sakhuja V, Yenigun E, Dede F, Turgut D, Koc E, Akoglu H, Piskinpasa S, Ozturk R, Odabas A, Bajcsi D, Abraham G, Kemeny E, Sonkodi S, Legrady P, Letoha A, Constantinou K, Ondrik Z, Ivanyi B, Lucisano G, Comi N, Cianfrone P, Summaria C, Piraina V, Talarico R, Camastra C, Fuiano G, Proletov I, Saganova E, Galkina O, Bogdanova E, Zubina I, Sipovskii V, Smirnov A, Bailly E, Pierre D, Kerdraon R, Grezard O, Gnappi E, Delsante M, Galetti M, Maggiore U, Manenti L, Hasan MJ, Muqueet MA, Mostafi M, Chowdhury I, Haque W, Khan T, Kang YJ, Bae EJ, Cho HS, Chang SH, Park DJ, Li X, Xu G, Lin H, Hu Z, Yu X, Xing C, Mei C, Zuo L, Ni Z, Ding X, Li D, Chen N, Ren H, Shen P, Li X, Pan X, Zhang Q, Feng X, Lin L, Zhang W, Chen N. Clinical nephrology - miscellaneous. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ehsanipour F, Gharouni M, Rafati AH, Ardalan M, Bodaghi N, Otoukesh H. Risk factors of renal scars in children with acute pyelonephritis. Braz J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-86702012000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ardalan M, Rafati A, Nejat F, Farazmand B, Majed M, El Khashab M. Risk factors associated with craniosynostosis: a case control study. Pediatr Neurosurg 2012; 48:152-6. [PMID: 23428561 DOI: 10.1159/000346261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craniosynostosis is a relatively common congenital abnormality. The underlying etiology and most probable risk factors of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis are unknown. We conducted a study to identify the risk factors for craniosynostosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control project, 70 children with craniosynostosis (syndromic or nonsyndromic) hospitalized at the Children's Hospital Medical Center from September 2010 to 2011 were studied for the potential risk factors. At the same time, 70 age- and sex-matched children hospitalized with other congenital anomalies were reviewed. Information from case and control groups was obtained via personal interviews with parents of patients and a prepared checklist was filled out for each child. RESULTS The mean (±SE) age at admission time in the case-control group was 13 ± 1.95 (1.5-96) months, and almost half of them were boys (n = 37 or 53%). The most frequent sutures involved in craniosynostosis were coronal (n = 30 or 42.9%) and then metopic sutures (n = 16 or 22.9%), multiple (n = 12 or 17.1%), sagittal (n = 11 or 15.7%) and lambdoid (n = 1 or 1.4%). In the case group, maternal diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease were found in 8 (11.6%) and 6 (8.6%) patients, respectively. The most frequent medication used by mothers (n = 66 or 94%) in the case group during pregnancy were vitamins (including iron supplements, omega 3, folic acid and multivitamins). CONCLUSION A positive family history of craniosynostosis [odds ratio (OR) 19.01 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.24-160.7] and using clomiphene citrate for infertility (OR 12.71 and 95% CI 1.42-113.6) were the strongest independent risk factors for craniosynostosis. More comprehensive studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm the role of environmental factors in order to decrease the occurrence of craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ardalan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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