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Ganesana M, Venton BJ. Spontaneous, transient adenosine release is not enhanced in the CA1 region of hippocampus during severe ischemia models. J Neurochem 2021; 159:887-900. [PMID: 34453336 PMCID: PMC8627433 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes damage in the brain, and a slow buildup of adenosine is neuroprotective during ischemic injury. Spontaneous, transient adenosine signaling, lasting only 3 s per event, has been discovered that increases in frequency in the caudate-putamen during early stages of mild ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, spontaneous adenosine changes have not been studied in the hippocampus during ischemia, an area highly susceptible to stroke. Here, we investigated changes of spontaneous, transient adenosine in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus during three different models of the varied intensity of ischemia. During the early stages of the milder bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) model, there were fewer spontaneous, transient adenosine, but no change in the concentration of individual events. In contrast, during the moderate 2 vertebral artery occlusion (2VAO) and severe 4 vessel occlusion (4VO) models, both the frequency of spontaneous, transient adenosine and the average event adenosine concentration decreased. Blood flow measurements validate that the ischemia models decreased blood flow, and corresponding pathological changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 4VO occlusion showed the most severe damage in histology and BCCAO showed the least. Overall, our data suggest that there is no enhanced spontaneous adenosine release in the hippocampus during moderate and severe ischemia, which could be due to depletion of the rapidly releasable adenosine pool. Thus, during ischemic stroke, there are fewer spontaneous adenosine events that could inhibit neurotransmission, which might lead to more damage and less neuroprotection in the hippocampus CA1 region. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjunarao Ganesana
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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2
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Wen H, Li L, Zhan L, Zuo Y, Li K, Qiu M, Li H, Sun W, Xu E. Hypoxic postconditioning promotes mitophagy against transient global cerebral ischemia via PINK1/Parkin-induced mitochondrial ubiquitination in adult rats. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:630. [PMID: 34145219 PMCID: PMC8213752 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy alleviates neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia by selectively removing dysfunctional mitochondria. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is the most well-known type of mitophagy. However, little is known about the role of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in ischemic tolerance induced by hypoxic postconditioning (HPC) with 8% O2 against transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI). Hence, we aimed to test the hypothesis that HPC-mediated PINK1/Parkin-induced mitochondrial ubiquitination and promotes mitophagy, thus exerting neuroprotection in the hippocampal CA1 subregion against tGCI. We found that mitochondrial clearance was disturbed at the late phase of reperfusion after tGCI, which was reversed by HPC, as evidenced by the reduction of the translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 homologs (TOMM20), translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23 (TIMM23) and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) in CA1 after HPC. In addition, HPC further increased the ratio of LC3II/I in mitochondrial fraction and promoted the formation of mitophagosomes in CA1 neurons after tGCI. The administration of lysosome inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) intraperitoneally or mitophagy inhibitor (Mdivi-1) intracerebroventricularly abrogated HPC-induced mitochondrial turnover and neuroprotection in CA1 after tGCI. We also found that HPC activated PINK1/Parkin pathway after tGCI, as shown by the augment of mitochondrial PINK1 and Parkin and the promotion of mitochondrial ubiquitination in CA1. In addition, PINK1 or Parkin knockdown with small-interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressed the activation of PINK1/Parkin pathway and hampered mitochondrial clearance and attenuated neuroprotection induced by HPC, whereas PINK1 overexpression promoted PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and ameliorated neuronal damage in CA1 after tGCI. Taken together, the new finding in this study is that HPC-induced neuroprotection against tGCI through promoting mitophagy mediated by PINK1/Parkin-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Luxi Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Yunyan Zuo
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Kongping Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Meiqian Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Heying Li
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - En Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China.
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3
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Sun H, Zhang X, Kong Y, Gou L, Lian B, Wang Y, Jiang L, Li Q, Sun H, Sun L. Maternal Separation-Induced Histone Acetylation Correlates with BDNF-Programmed Synaptic Changes in an Animal Model of PTSD with Sex Differences. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1738-1754. [PMID: 33245480 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal separation (MS) causes long-lasting epigenetic changes in the brain and increases vulnerability to traumatic events in adulthood. Of interest, there may be sex-specific differences in these epigenetic changes. In this study, the extent of histone acetylation in the hippocampus (HIP) and the expression of BDNF were measured to determine whether BDNF influences risk of PTSD following MS in early life. Rat offspring were separated from their dams (3 h/day or 6 h/day from PND2~PND14). Then, pups were treated with a single prolonged stress (SPS) procedure when they reached adulthood (PND80). In animals stressed with the SPS procedure in adulthood, those that had increased MS intensity in childhood demonstrated more significant changes in performance on tests of anxiety, depression, and contextual fear memory. Reduced levels of total BDNF mRNA and protein were observed after SPS treatment and further declined in groups with greater MS time in childhood. Interestingly, these changes were correlated with decreased H3K9ac levels and increased HDAC2 levels. Additional MS also led to more severe ultrastructural synaptic damage in rats that experienced the SPS procedure, particularly in the CA1 and CA3 region of the HIP, reflecting impaired synaptic plasticity in these regions. Interestingly, male rats in the MS3h-PTSD group showed decreased anxiety, but no similar changes were found in female rats, suggesting a degree of gender specificity in coping with stress after mild MS. In summary, this study suggests that the epigenetic signatures of the BDNF genes can be linked to HIP responses to stress, providing insights that may be relevant for people at risk of stress-related psychopathologies.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/ultrastructure
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/ultrastructure
- Corticosterone/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Elevated Plus Maze Test
- Fear
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Histone Deacetylase 2/genetics
- Histone Deacetylase 2/metabolism
- Histones/metabolism
- Immobilization
- Male
- Maternal Deprivation
- Open Field Test
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Regression Analysis
- Sex Characteristics
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/blood
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complications
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/blood
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Swimming
- Synapses/metabolism
- Synapses/ultrastructure
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqiang Zhang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Kong
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Luping Gou
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Lian
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Wang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jiang
- Cerebral Center, Sunshine Union Hospital, 9000# Yingqian Street, Weifang, 261205, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Reproduction Growth and Development, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Sun
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Montero-Crespo M, Domínguez-Álvaro M, Alonso-Nanclares L, DeFelipe J, Blazquez-Llorca L. Three-dimensional analysis of synaptic organization in the hippocampal CA1 field in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2021; 144:553-573. [PMID: 33324984 PMCID: PMC8240746 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, characterized by a persistent and progressive impairment of cognitive functions. Alzheimer's disease is typically associated with extracellular deposits of amyloid-β peptide and accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated tau protein inside neurons (amyloid-β and neurofibrillary pathologies). It has been proposed that these pathologies cause neuronal degeneration and synaptic alterations, which are thought to constitute the major neurobiological basis of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. The hippocampal formation is especially vulnerable in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. However, the vast majority of electron microscopy studies have been performed in animal models. In the present study, we performed an extensive 3D study of the neuropil to investigate the synaptic organization in the stratum pyramidale and radiatum in the CA1 field of Alzheimer's disease cases with different stages of the disease, using focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM). In cases with early stages of Alzheimer's disease, the synapse morphology looks normal and we observed no significant differences between control and Alzheimer's disease cases regarding the synaptic density, the ratio of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, or the spatial distribution of synapses. However, differences in the distribution of postsynaptic targets and synaptic shapes were found. Furthermore, a lower proportion of larger excitatory synapses in both strata were found in Alzheimer's disease cases. Individuals in late stages of the disease suffered the most severe synaptic alterations, including a decrease in synaptic density and morphological alterations of the remaining synapses. Since Alzheimer's disease cases show cortical atrophy, our data indicate a reduction in the total number (but not the density) of synapses at early stages of the disease, with this reduction being much more accentuated in subjects with late stages of Alzheimer's disease. The observed synaptic alterations may represent a structural basis for the progressive learning and memory dysfunctions seen in Alzheimer's disease cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Montero-Crespo
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Doctor Arce, 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Domínguez-Álvaro
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Alonso-Nanclares
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Doctor Arce, 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, c/Valderrebollo, 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Doctor Arce, 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, c/Valderrebollo, 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Blazquez-Llorca
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, c/Valderrebollo, 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), c/Juan del Rosal, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Anatomía y Embriología (Veterinaria), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Colombo MN, Maiellano G, Putignano S, Scandella L, Francolini M. Comparative 2D and 3D Ultrastructural Analyses of Dendritic Spines from CA1 Pyramidal Neurons in the Mouse Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031188. [PMID: 33530380 PMCID: PMC7865959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from electron microscopy (EM) datasets is a widely used tool that has improved our knowledge of synapse ultrastructure and organization in the brain. Rearrangements of synapse structure following maturation and in synaptic plasticity have been broadly described and, in many cases, the defective architecture of the synapse has been associated to functional impairments. It is therefore important, when studying brain connectivity, to map these rearrangements with the highest accuracy possible, considering the affordability of the different EM approaches to provide solid and reliable data about the structure of such a small complex. The aim of this work is to compare quantitative data from two dimensional (2D) and 3D EM of mouse hippocampal CA1 (apical dendrites), to define whether the results from the two approaches are consistent. We examined asymmetric excitatory synapses focusing on post synaptic density and dendritic spine area and volume as well as spine density, and we compared the results obtained with the two methods. The consistency between the 2D and 3D results questions the need—for many applications—of using volumetric datasets (costly and time consuming in terms of both acquisition and analysis), with respect to the more accessible measurements from 2D EM projections.
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6
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Kalisvaart ACJ, Wilkinson CM, Gu S, Kung TFC, Yager J, Winship IR, van Landeghem FKH, Colbourne F. An update to the Monro-Kellie doctrine to reflect tissue compliance after severe ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22013. [PMID: 33328490 PMCID: PMC7745016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High intracranial pressure (ICP) can impede cerebral blood flow resulting in secondary injury or death following severe stroke. Compensatory mechanisms include reduced cerebral blood and cerebrospinal fluid volumes, but these often fail to prevent raised ICP. Serendipitous observations in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) suggest that neurons far removed from a hematoma may shrink as an ICP compliance mechanism. Here, we sought to critically test this observation. We tracked the timing of distal tissue shrinkage (e.g. CA1) after collagenase-induced striatal ICH in rat; cell volume and density alterations (42% volume reduction, 34% density increase; p < 0.0001) were highest day one post-stroke, and rebounded over a week across brain regions. Similar effects were seen in the filament model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (22% volume reduction, 22% density increase; p ≤ 0.007), but not with the Vannucci-Rice model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (2.5% volume increase, 14% density increase; p ≥ 0.05). Concerningly, this 'tissue compliance' appears to cause sub-lethal damage, as revealed by electron microscopy after ICH. Our data challenge the long-held assumption that 'healthy' brain tissue outside the injured area maintains its volume. Given the magnitude of these effects, we posit that 'tissue compliance' is an important mechanism invoked after severe strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C J Kalisvaart
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cassandra M Wilkinson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sherry Gu
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Tiffany F C Kung
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jerome Yager
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ian R Winship
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Frank K H van Landeghem
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Frederick Colbourne
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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7
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Montero-Crespo M, Dominguez-Alvaro M, Rondon-Carrillo P, Alonso-Nanclares L, DeFelipe J, Blazquez-Llorca L. Three-dimensional synaptic organization of the human hippocampal CA1 field. eLife 2020; 9:e57013. [PMID: 32690133 PMCID: PMC7375818 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal CA1 field integrates a wide variety of subcortical and cortical inputs, but its synaptic organization in humans is still unknown due to the difficulties involved studying the human brain via electron microscope techniques. However, we have shown that the 3D reconstruction method using Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB/SEM) can be applied to study in detail the synaptic organization of the human brain obtained from autopsies, yielding excellent results. Using this technology, 24,752 synapses were fully reconstructed in CA1, revealing that most of them were excitatory, targeting dendritic spines and displaying a macular shape, regardless of the layer examined. However, remarkable differences were observed between layers. These data constitute the first extensive description of the synaptic organization of the neuropil of the human CA1 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Montero-Crespo
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Marta Dominguez-Alvaro
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Patricia Rondon-Carrillo
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Lidia Alonso-Nanclares
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIIIMadridSpain
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIIIMadridSpain
| | - Lidia Blazquez-Llorca
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED)MadridSpain
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8
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Wen X, Han XR, Wang YJ, Wang S, Shen M, Zhang ZF, Fan SH, Shan Q, Wang L, Li MQ, Hu B, Sun CH, Wu DM, Lu J, Zheng YL. MicroRNA-421 suppresses the apoptosis and autophagy of hippocampal neurons in epilepsy mice model by inhibition of the TLR/MYD88 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7022-7034. [PMID: 29380367 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by epileptic seizures. In this study, we aim to explore the role of microRNA-421 (miR-421) in hippocampal neurons of epilepsy mice via the TLR/MYD88 pathway. Forty mice were randomly served as the normal and model (established as epilepsy model) groups. Hippocampal neurons were assigned into seven groups with different transfections. The RT-qPCR and western blotting were conducted to examine the expression of miR-421 TLR2, TLR4, MYD88, Bax, Bcl-2, p53, Beclin-1, and LC3II/LC3I. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT and flow cytometry.MYD88 is a target gene of miR-421. Model mice showed elevated expression of TLR2, TLR4, MYD88, Bax, p53, Beclin-1, and LC3II/LC3I but reduced expression of miR-421 and Bcl-2. In vitro experiments reveals that overexpression of miR-421 inhibited the TLR/MYD88 pathway. Besides, overexpressed miR-421 declined cell apoptosis but increased cell proliferation. It reveals that miR-421 targeting MYD88 could inhibit the apoptosis and autophagy of hippocampal neurons in epilepsy mice by down-regulating the TLR/MYD88 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R., China
| | - Xin-Rui Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R., China
| | - Yong-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R., China
| | - Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R., China
| | - Min Shen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R., China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R., China
| | - Shao-Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R., China
| | - Qun Shan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R., China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R., China
| | - Meng-Qiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R., China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R., China
| | - Chun-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R., China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R., China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R., China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R., China
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9
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Chen F, Danladi J, Ardalan M, Elfving B, Müller HK, Wegener G, Sanchez C, Nyengaard JR. A Critical Role of Mitochondria in BDNF-Associated Synaptic Plasticity After One-Week Vortioxetine Treatment. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21. [PMID: 29514282 PMCID: PMC6007239 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have indicated that antidepressant effect of vortioxetine involves increased synaptic plasticity and promotion of spine maturation. Mitochondria dysfunction may contribute to the pathophysiological basis of major depressive disorder. Taking into consideration that vortioxetine increases spine number and dendritic branching in hippocampus CA1 faster than fluoxetine, we hypothesize that new spines induced by vortioxetine can rapidly form functional synapses by mitochondrial support, accompanied by increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling. METHODS Rats were treated for 1 week with vortioxetine or fluoxetine at pharmacologically relevant doses. Number of synapses and mitochondria in hippocampus CA1 were quantified by electron microscopy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels were visualized with immunohistochemistry. Gene and protein expression of synapse and mitochondria-related markers were investigated with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. RESULTS Vortioxetine increased number of synapses and mitochondria significantly, whereas fluoxetine had no effect after 1-week dosing. BDNF levels in hippocampus DG and CA1 were significantly higher after vortioxetine treatment. Gene expression levels of Rac1 after vortioxetine treatment were significantly increased. There was a tendency towards increased gene expression levels of Drp1 and protein levels of Rac1. However, both gene and protein levels of c-Fos were significantly decreased. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between BDNF levels and mitochondria and synapse numbers. CONCLUSION Our results imply that mitochondria play a critical role in synaptic plasticity accompanied by increased BDNF levels. Rapid changes in BDNF levels and synaptic/mitochondria plasticity of hippocampus following vortioxetine compared with fluoxetine may be ascribed to vortioxetine's modulation of serotonin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Chen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence: Fenghua Chen, Department of Clinical Medicine - Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, Denmark ()
| | - Jibrin Danladi
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Heidi K Müller
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- AUGUST Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Connie Sanchez
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Alkermes, Biotechnology, Waltham, MA
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Han C, Li F, Ma J, Liu Y, Li W, Mao Y, Song Y, Guo S, Liu J. Distinct behavioral and brain changes after different durations of the modified multiple platform method on rats: An animal model of central fatigue. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176850. [PMID: 28493899 PMCID: PMC5426622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The modified multiple platform method (MMPM) is a classical sleep deprivation model. It has been widely used in behavioral and brain research, due to its effects on physical and mental functions. However, different MMPM protocols can promote distinct effects in rats. Although the MMPM has been proved to induce central fatigue, the effects of different durations of subjection to the MMPM remain undetermined. This study aims to investigate the changes in behavior, N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptor 1 (NR1) and 2A (NR2A), as well as the ultrastructural alteration in the hippocampus after different MMPM modelling, to compare the central fatigue effect induced by dynamic MMPM. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: 5-, 14- and 21- day MMPM groups, and a control group. Each MMPM group underwent a 14-hour daily MMPM modelling. After each training session, open field and elevated plus maze tests were performed. Corticosterone levels were detected by ELISA, and the hippocampal NR1 and NR2A were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In addition, ultrastructural changes in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1(CA1) region were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The findings showed that the 5 and 14 days of MMPM induced a high-stress state, while the 21 days of MMPM induced anxiety and degenerative alteration in the hippocampal morphology. Additionally, hippocampal NR1 and NR2A gene expression decreased in all MMPM groups, whereas the protein expression only decreased in the 21-day group. Overall, different durations of MMPM caused distinct behavioral and brain changes, and the 21 days of MMPM could induce central fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Han
- Basic Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Basic Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jie Ma
- Basic Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Basic Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihong Li
- Basic Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingqiu Mao
- Science Research Center of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuehan Song
- Basic Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Guo
- Basic Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Basic Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Colvin RA, Jin Q, Lai B, Kiedrowski L. Visualizing Metal Content and Intracellular Distribution in Primary Hippocampal Neurons with Synchrotron X-Ray Fluorescence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159582. [PMID: 27434052 PMCID: PMC4951041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that metal dyshomeostasis plays an important role in human neurodegenerative diseases. Although distinctive metal distributions are described for mature hippocampus and cortex, much less is known about metal levels and intracellular distribution in individual hippocampal neuronal somata. To solve this problem, we conducted quantitative metal analyses utilizing synchrotron radiation X-Ray fluorescence on frozen hydrated primary cultured neurons derived from rat embryonic cortex (CTX) and two regions of the hippocampus: dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1. Comparing average metal contents showed that the most abundant metals were calcium, iron, and zinc, whereas metals such as copper and manganese were less than 10% of zinc. Average metal contents were generally similar when compared across neurons cultured from CTX, DG, and CA1, except for manganese that was larger in CA1. However, each metal showed a characteristic spatial distribution in individual neuronal somata. Zinc was uniformly distributed throughout the cytosol, with no evidence for the existence of previously identified zinc-enriched organelles, zincosomes. Calcium showed a peri-nuclear distribution consistent with accumulation in endoplasmic reticulum and/or mitochondria. Iron showed 2-3 distinct highly concentrated puncta only in peri-nuclear locations. Notwithstanding the small sample size, these analyses demonstrate that primary cultured neurons show characteristic metal signatures. The iron puncta probably represent iron-accumulating organelles, siderosomes. Thus, the metal distributions observed in mature brain structures are likely the result of both intrinsic neuronal factors that control cellular metal content and extrinsic factors related to the synaptic organization, function, and contacts formed and maintained in each region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Colvin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Qiaoling Jin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Barry Lai
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lech Kiedrowski
- The Psychiatric Institute, Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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12
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Riew TR, Shin YJ, Kim HL, Cho JM, Pak HJ, Lee MY. Spatiotemporal Progression of Microcalcification in the Hippocampal CA1 Region following Transient Forebrain Ischemia in Rats: An Ultrastructural Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159229. [PMID: 27414398 PMCID: PMC4945069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcification in areas of neuronal degeneration is a common finding in several neuropathological disorders including ischemic insults. Here, we performed a detailed examination of the onset and spatiotemporal profile of calcification in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, where neuronal death has been observed after transient forebrain ischemia. Histopathological examinations showed very little alizarin red staining in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer until day 28 after reperfusion, while prominent alizarin red staining was detected in CA1 dendritic subfields, particularly in the stratum radiatum, by 14 days after reperfusion. Electron microscopy using the osmium/potassium dichromate method and electron probe microanalysis revealed selective calcium deposits within the mitochondria of degenerating dendrites at as early as 7 days after reperfusion, with subsequent complete mineralization occurring throughout the dendrites, which then coalesced to form larger mineral conglomerates with the adjacent calcifying neurites by 14 days after reperfusion. Large calcifying deposits were frequently observed at 28 days after reperfusion, when they were closely associated with or completely engulfed by astrocytes. In contrast, no prominent calcification was observed in the somata of CA1 pyramidal neurons showing the characteristic features of necrotic cell death after ischemia, although what appeared to be calcified mitochondria were noted in some degenerated neurons that became dark and condensed. Thus, our data indicate that intrahippocampal calcification after ischemic insults initially occurs within the mitochondria of degenerating dendrites, which leads to the extensive calcification that is associated with ischemic injuries. These findings suggest that in degenerating neurons, the calcified mitochondria in the dendrites, rather than in the somata, may serve as the nidus for further calcium precipitation in the ischemic hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ryong Riew
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 137-701, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 137-701, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Lim Kim
- Integrative Research Support Center, Laboratory of Electron Microscope, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, 137-701, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Cho
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 137-701, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Jin Pak
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 137-701, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mun-Yong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 137-701, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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13
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Calì C, Baghabra J, Boges DJ, Holst GR, Kreshuk A, Hamprecht FA, Srinivasan M, Lehväslaiho H, Magistretti PJ. Three-dimensional immersive virtual reality for studying cellular compartments in 3D models from EM preparations of neural tissues. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:23-38. [PMID: 26179415 PMCID: PMC5042088 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the application of electron microscopy (EM) to serial imaging are opening doors to new ways of analyzing cellular structure. New and improved algorithms and workflows for manual and semiautomated segmentation allow us to observe the spatial arrangement of the smallest cellular features with unprecedented detail in full three-dimensions. From larger samples, higher complexity models can be generated; however, they pose new challenges to data management and analysis. Here we review some currently available solutions and present our approach in detail. We use the fully immersive virtual reality (VR) environment CAVE (cave automatic virtual environment), a room in which we are able to project a cellular reconstruction and visualize in 3D, to step into a world created with Blender, a free, fully customizable 3D modeling software with NeuroMorph plug-ins for visualization and analysis of EM preparations of brain tissue. Our workflow allows for full and fast reconstructions of volumes of brain neuropil using ilastik, a software tool for semiautomated segmentation of EM stacks. With this visualization environment, we can walk into the model containing neuronal and astrocytic processes to study the spatial distribution of glycogen granules, a major energy source that is selectively stored in astrocytes. The use of CAVE was key to the observation of a nonrandom distribution of glycogen, and led us to develop tools to quantitatively analyze glycogen clustering and proximity to other subcellular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Calì
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering divisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955‐6900 ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Baghabra
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering divisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955‐6900 ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Daniya J. Boges
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering divisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955‐6900 ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Glendon R. Holst
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering divisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955‐6900 ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Anna Kreshuk
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing (HCI)University of Heidelberg69115 HeidelbergGermany
| | - Fred A. Hamprecht
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing (HCI)University of Heidelberg69115 HeidelbergGermany
| | - Madhusudhanan Srinivasan
- KAUST Visualization Lab (KVL)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955‐6900 ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Heikki Lehväslaiho
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering divisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955‐6900 ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering divisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955‐6900 ThuwalSaudi Arabia
- Brain Mind InstituteÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1005 LausanneSwitzerland
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14
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Elsworth JD, Jentsch JD, Groman SM, Roth RH, Redmond ED, Leranth C. Low circulating levels of bisphenol-A induce cognitive deficits and loss of asymmetric spine synapses in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of adult male monkeys. J Comp Neurol 2015; 523:1248-57. [PMID: 25557059 PMCID: PMC4390445 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is widely used in the manufacture of plastics, epoxy resins, and certain paper products. A majority of the population in the developed world is routinely exposed to BPA from multiple sources and has significant circulating levels of BPA. Although BPA is categorized as an endocrine disruptor with a growing literature on adverse effects, it is uncertain whether cognitive dysfunction is induced in humans by exposure to BPA. The present study examined the impact of BPA in primate brain by exposing adult male vervet monkeys for 4 weeks continuously to circulating levels of BPA that were in the range measured in studies of humans environmentally exposed to BPA. This regimen of exposure to BPA decreased both working memory accuracy and the number of excitatory synaptic inputs on dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons in two brain regions that are necessary for working memory (prefrontal cortex and hippocampus). These observed behavioral and synaptic effects were ameliorated following withdrawal from BPA. As Old World monkeys (e.g., vervets) and humans share some uniquely primate morphological, endocrine, and cognitive traits, this study indicates the potential for significant cognitive disruption following exposure of humans to BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Elsworth
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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15
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Zhang XL, Guariglia SR, McGlothan JL, Stansfield KH, Stanton PK, Guilarte TR. Presynaptic mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity: effects on vesicular release, vesicle clustering and mitochondria number. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127461. [PMID: 26011056 PMCID: PMC4444102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood lead (Pb2+) intoxication is a global public health problem and accounts for 0.6% of the global burden of disease associated with intellectual disabilities. Despite the recognition that childhood Pb2+ intoxication contributes significantly to intellectual disabilities, there is a fundamental lack of knowledge on presynaptic mechanisms by which Pb2+ disrupts synaptic function. In this study, using a well-characterized rodent model of developmental Pb2+ neurotoxicity, we show that Pb2+ exposure markedly inhibits presynaptic vesicular release in hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in young adult rats. This effect was associated with ultrastructural changes which revealed a reduction in vesicle number in the readily releasable/docked vesicle pool, disperse vesicle clusters in the resting pool, and a reduced number of presynaptic terminals with multiple mitochondria with no change in presynaptic calcium influx. These studies provide fundamental knowledge on mechanisms by which Pb2+ produces profound inhibition of presynaptic vesicular release that contribute to deficits in synaptic plasticity and intellectual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-lei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Sara R. Guariglia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. McGlothan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kirstie H. Stansfield
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Patric K. Stanton
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Tomás R. Guilarte
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Samoilov MO, Churilova AV, Glushchenko TS. [MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS MODES OF PRECONDITIONING AIMED AT CORRECTING THE DAMAGE TO THE HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS BY SEVERE HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA]. MORFOLOGIIA (SAINT PETERSBURG, RUSSIA) 2015; 148:23-27. [PMID: 27141580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In 5 groups of rats (6 animals in each), the changes of neurons in hippocampal fields CA1 and CA4 were studied 7 days after severe hypobaric hypoxia (180 mm Hg, for 3 h) preceded by various numbers (1, 3 and 6) of sessions of preconditioning (PC) by mild hypobaric hypoxia (360 mm Hg, for 2 h, 24 h prior to severe hypoxia). It was found that a single session of PC did not prevent the damage to the structure of neurons and their death after exposure to severe hypoxia. Meanwhile, 6, and especially 3 sessions of PC induced protective mechanisms of neuronal damage prevention. In rats after 6 sessions of PC, unlike those exposed to 3 sessions, mild chromatolysis of hippocampal neurons was demonstrated. This could result from prolonged hypermetabolic activity of neurons and indicate their functional overloading.
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17
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Xiao Y, Fu H, Han X, Hu X, Gu H, Chen Y, Wei Q, Hu Q. Role of synaptic structural plasticity in impairments of spatial learning and memory induced by developmental lead exposure in Wistar rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115556. [PMID: 25536363 PMCID: PMC4275220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is found to impair cognitive function. Synaptic structural plasticity is considered to be the physiological basis of synaptic functional plasticity and has been recently found to play important roles in learning and memory. To study the effect of Pb on spatial learning and memory at different developmental stages, and its relationship with alterations of synaptic structural plasticity, postnatal rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control; Pre-weaning Pb (Parents were exposed to 2 mM PbCl2 3 weeks before mating until weaning of pups); Post-weaning Pb (Weaned pups were exposed to 2 mM PbCl2 for 9 weeks). The spatial learning and memory of rats was measured by Morris water maze (MWM) on PND 85–90. Rat pups in Pre-weaning Pb and Post-weaning Pb groups performed significantly worse than those in Control group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the performance of MWM between the two Pb-exposure groups. Before MWM (PND 84), the number of neurons and synapses significantly decreased in Pre-weaning Pb group, but not in Post-weaning Pb group. After MWM (PND 91), the number of synapses in Pre-weaning Pb group increased significantly, but it was still less than that of Control group (p<0.05); the number of synapses in Post-weaning Pb group was also less than that of Control group (p<0.05), although the number of synapses has no differences between Post-weaning Pb and Control groups before MWM. In both Pre-weaning Pb and Post-weaning Pb groups, synaptic structural parameters such as thickness of postsynaptic density (PSD), length of synaptic active zone and synaptic curvature increased significantly while width of synaptic cleft decreased significantly compared to Control group (p<0.05). Our data demonstrated that both early and late developmental Pb exposure impaired spatial learning and memory as well as synaptic structural plasticity in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hongjun Fu
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, United States of America
| | - Xiaojie Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huaiyu Gu
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiansheng Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Aoki C, Wable G, Chowdhury TG, Sabaliauskas NA, Laurino K, Barbarich-Marsteller NC. α4βδ-GABAARs in the hippocampal CA1 as a biomarker for resilience to activity-based anorexia. Neuroscience 2014; 265:108-23. [PMID: 24444828 PMCID: PMC3996507 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric illness characterized by restricted eating and an intense fear of gaining weight. Most individuals with AN are females, diagnosed first during adolescence, 40-80% of whom exhibit excessive exercise, and an equally high number with a history of anxiety disorder. We sought to determine the cellular basis for individual differences in AN vulnerability by using an animal model, activity-based anorexia (ABA), that is induced by combining food restriction (FR) with access to a running wheel that allows voluntary exercise. Previously, we showed that by the fourth day of FR, the ABA group of adolescent female rats exhibit >500% greater levels of non-synaptic α4βδ-GABAARs at the plasma membrane of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell spines, relative to the levels found in age-matched controls that are not FR and without wheel access. Here, we show that the ABA group exhibits individual differences in body weight loss, with some losing nearly 30%, while others lose only 15%. The individual differences in weight loss are ascribable to individual differences in wheel activity that both precedes and concurs with days of FR. Moreover, the increase in activity during FR correlates strongly and negatively with α4βδ-GABAAR levels (R=-0.9, p<0.01). This negative correlation is evident within 2days of FR, before body weight loss approaches life-threatening levels for any individual. These findings suggest that increased shunting inhibition by α4βδ-GABAARs in spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons may participate in the protection against the ABA-inducing environmental factors of severe weight loss by suppressing excitability of the CA1 pyramidal neurons which, in turn, is related indirectly to suppression of excessive exercise. The data also indicate that, although exercise has many health benefits, it can be maladaptive to individuals with low levels of α4βδ-GABAARs in the CA1, particularly when combined with FR.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aoki
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States.
| | - G Wable
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - T G Chowdhury
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - N A Sabaliauskas
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - K Laurino
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - N C Barbarich-Marsteller
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, United States
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19
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Li G, Yan W, Cai F, Li C, Chen N, Wang J. Spatial learning and memory impairment and pathological change in rats induced by acute exposure to microcystin-LR. Environ Toxicol 2014; 29:261-268. [PMID: 22223477 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MCLR) is a commonly encountered blue-green algal hepatotoxin and a known inhibitor of cellular protein phosphatase. However, little is known about its neurotoxicity. By using Morris water maze, histopathological and biochemical analysis, we investigated MCLR-induced neurotoxicity on the hippocampus of rat brain. After rats were intrahippocampally injected with MCLR (1 and 10 μg/L), their learning and memory function was greatly impaired, suggesting the neurotoxic potential of MCLR. Meanwhile, obvious histological and ultrastructural injuries and serious oxidative damage were also observed in the hippocampus. These results suggested that oxidative stress might be involved in the MCLR-induced pathological damage in hippocampus, subsequently leading to the spatial learning and memory deficit of rat. Taken together, our results highlighted the MCLR-induced neurotoxicity in the rat, as well as the importance of oxidative stress and pathological impairment in this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Li
- Fisheries College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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20
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Khalaf-Nazzal R, Bruel-Jungerman E, Rio JP, Bureau J, Irinopoulou T, Sumia I, Roumegous A, Martin E, Olaso R, Parras C, Cifuentes-Diaz C, Francis F. Organelle and cellular abnormalities associated with hippocampal heterotopia in neonatal doublecortin knockout mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72622. [PMID: 24023755 PMCID: PMC3759370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic or aberrantly positioned cortical neurons are associated with epilepsy and intellectual disability. Various mouse models exist with forms of heterotopia, but the composition and state of cells developing in heterotopic bands has been little studied. Dcx knockout (KO) mice show hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cell lamination abnormalities, appearing from the age of E17.5, and mice suffer from spontaneous epilepsy. The Dcx KO CA3 region is organized in two distinct pyramidal cell layers, resembling a heterotopic situation, and exhibits hyperexcitability. Here, we characterized the abnormally organized cells in postnatal mouse brains. Electron microscopy confirmed that the Dcx KO CA3 layers at postnatal day (P) 0 are distinct and separated by an intermediate layer devoid of neuronal somata. We found that organization and cytoplasm content of pyramidal neurons in each layer were altered compared to wild type (WT) cells. Less regular nuclei and differences in mitochondria and Golgi apparatuses were identified. Each Dcx KO CA3 layer at P0 contained pyramidal neurons but also other closely apposed cells, displaying different morphologies. Quantitative PCR and immunodetections revealed increased numbers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and interneurons in close proximity to Dcx KO pyramidal cells. Immunohistochemistry experiments also showed that caspase-3 dependent cell death was increased in the CA1 and CA3 regions of Dcx KO hippocampi at P2. Thus, unsuspected ultrastructural abnormalities and cellular heterogeneity may lead to abnormal neuronal function and survival in this model, which together may contribute to the development of hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Khalaf-Nazzal
- INSERM UMRS 839, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Bruel-Jungerman
- INSERM UMRS 839, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Rio
- INSERM UMRS 839, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Jocelyne Bureau
- INSERM UMRS 839, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Theano Irinopoulou
- INSERM UMRS 839, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Iffat Sumia
- INSERM UMRS 839, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Roumegous
- INSERM UMRS 839, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Martin
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 975, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Robert Olaso
- Plateforme de Transcriptomique, Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle, CEA/DSV/IG-Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Carlos Parras
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 975, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Cifuentes-Diaz
- INSERM UMRS 839, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (FF); (CCD)
| | - Fiona Francis
- INSERM UMRS 839, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (FF); (CCD)
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21
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Kong F, Chen S, Cheng Y, Ma L, Lu H, Zhang H, Hu W. Minocycline attenuates cognitive impairment induced by isoflurane anesthesia in aged rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61385. [PMID: 23613842 PMCID: PMC3629183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a clinical phenomenon characterized by cognitive deficits in patients after anesthesia and surgery, especially in geriatric surgical patients. Although it has been documented that isoflurane exposure impaired cognitive function in several aged animal models, there are few clinical interventions and treatments available to prevent this disorder. Minocycline has been well established to exert neuroprotective effects in various experimental animal models and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we hypothesized that pretreatment with minocycline attenuates isoflurane-induced cognitive decline in aged rats. In the present study, twenty-month-old rats were administered minocycline or an equal volume of saline by intraperitoneal injection 12 h before exposure to isoflurane. Then the rats were exposed to 1.3% isoflurane for 4 h. Two weeks later, spatial learning and memory of the rats were examined using the Morris Water Maze. We found that pretreatment with minocycline mitigated isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits and suppressed the isoflurane-induced excessive release of IL-1β and caspase-3 in the hippocampal CA1 region at 4 h after isoflurane exposure, as well as the number of TUNEL-positive nuclei. In addition, minocycline treatment also prevented the changes of synaptic ultrastructure in the hippocampal CA1 region induced by isoflurane. In conclusion, pretreatment with minocycline attenuated isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijuan Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (FJK); (LLM)
| | - Shuping Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (FJK); (LLM)
| | - Huishun Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honghai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Chavushian VA, Meliksetian IB, Sarkisian DS, Stepanian AI, Avetisian ZA, Simonian KV, Danielian MA, Kamenetskiĭ VS. [Electrophysiological and morphohistochemical study of adrenalectomy on the hippocampal neurons]. Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol 2013; 49:153-161. [PMID: 23789401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic insufficiency of adrenal hormones is a pathology leading to brain dysfunction. In electrophysiological studies, by extracellular recording of spike activity of single hippocampal neurons (HN) caused by high-frequency stimulation of the entorhinal cortex (EC) in rats with unilateral removal of adrenal (adrenalectomy - AE), we analyzed mechanisms of adaptation of neural networks to chronic hormonal deprivation. The balance of excitatory and inhibitory responses, recorded in HN of intact rats was submitted to characteristic changes in dynamics of development of neurodegeneration: the dominating in norm inhibitory responses were decreased at all AE terms (from 42 % to 25 % by the 18th week). On the contrary, the minimal in norm percent of excitatory responses sharply increased (from 17 % to 60 %) at the 25-27th day after AE, which indicates a possible increase of cholinergic neurotransmission. There was recorded a high level of the mean frequency of peristimulus spiking from the 25-27th day to the 18th week after AE, which indicates the high glutamate level or pronounced activation of NMDA receptors. On the whole, the ratio of excitatory/inhibitory HN responses indicates discoordinated activity of neuronal chains of EC-HN under conditions of AE. Histochemical analysis revealed an increased sensitivity to AE in neurons of the CA1 fields. After disturbance of neuronal structure by the 5th day, 25-27 days after AE, there was observed proliferation cell elements in the CA1 field; as a result, by the 10th week, there is observed the complete filling of "devastated" areas of hippocampus and a sharp rise of phosphatase activity in nuclei of dentate gyrus. 18 weeks after AE, the majority of the CA1 field neurons are submitted to chromatolysis, and the phosphatase activity falls. The presented data make certain contribution to understanding of mechanisms of control of cognitive brain functions and plasticity in interconnection with the hormonal factor.
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23
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Šišková Z, Reynolds RA, O'Connor V, Perry VH. Brain region specific pre-synaptic and post-synaptic degeneration are early components of neuropathology in prion disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55004. [PMID: 23383030 PMCID: PMC3559345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic abnormalities, one of the key features of prion disease pathogenesis, gives rise to functional deficits and contributes to the devastating clinical outcome. The synaptic compartment is the first to succumb in several neurodegenerative diseases linked with protein misfolding but the mechanisms underpinning this are poorly defined. In our current study we document that a focal intrahippocampal injection of the mouse-adapted 22L scrapie strain produces a complex, region-specific pathology in the brain. Our findings reveal that early synaptic changes in the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus, identical to those observed with the ME7 strain, occur when 22L strain is introduced into the hippocampus. The pathology was defined by degenerating Type I pre-synaptic elements progressively enveloped by the post-synaptic density of the dendritic spine. In contrast, the pathology in the cerebellum suggested that dendritic disintegration rather than pre-synaptic abnormalities dominate the early degenerative changes associated with the Purkinje cells. Indeed, both of the major synaptic inputs into the cerebellum, which arise from the parallel and climbing fibers, remained intact even at late stage disease. Immunolabeling with pathway selective antibodies reinforced these findings. These observations demonstrate that neuronal vulnerability to pathological protein misfolding is strongly dependent on the structure and function of the target neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Šišková
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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24
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Takács VT, Klausberger T, Somogyi P, Freund TF, Gulyás AI. Extrinsic and local glutamatergic inputs of the rat hippocampal CA1 area differentially innervate pyramidal cells and interneurons. Hippocampus 2012; 22:1379-91. [PMID: 21956752 PMCID: PMC4473063 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The two main glutamatergic pathways to the CA1 area, the Schaffer collateral/commissural input and the entorhinal fibers, as well as the local axons of CA1 pyramidal cells innervate both pyramidal cells and interneurons. To determine whether these inputs differ in their weights of activating GABAergic circuits, we have studied the relative proportion of pyramidal cells and interneurons among their postsynaptic targets in serial electron microscopic sections. Local axons of CA1 pyramidal cells, intracellularly labeled in vitro or in vivo, innervated a relatively high proportion of interneuronal postsynaptic targets (65.9 and 53.8%, in vitro and in vivo, respectively) in stratum (str.) oriens and alveus. In contrast, axons of in vitro labeled CA3 pyramidal cells in str. oriens and str. radiatum of the CA1 area made synaptic junctions predominantly with pyramidal cell spines (92.9%). The postsynaptic targets of anterogradely labeled medial entorhinal cortical boutons in CA1 str. lacunosum-moleculare were primarily pyramidal neuron dendritic spines and shafts (90.8%). The alvear group of the entorhinal afferents, traversing str. oriens, str. pyramidale, and str. radiatum showed a higher preference for innervating GABAergic cells (21.3%), particularly in str. oriens/alveus. These data demonstrate that different glutamatergic pathways innervate CA1 GABAergic cells to different extents. The results suggest that the numerically smaller CA1 local axonal inputs together with the alvear part of the entorhinal input preferentially act on GABAergic interneurons in contrast to the CA3, or the entorhinal input in str. lacunosum-moleculare. The results highlight differences in the postsynaptic target selection of the feed-forward versus recurrent glutamatergic inputs to the CA1 and CA3 areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virág T Takács
- Department of Cellular and Network Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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25
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Gershteĭn LM, Tatarintseva IM, Sergutina AV, Rakhmanova VI. [Morphochemical characteristics of hippocampal neuron's response to the hypofunction of the dopaminergic system]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2012; 112:57-59. [PMID: 22810743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Differences in the response of August rats' hippocampal field СА1 and СА3 neurons to the chronic haloperidol administration (a model of parkinsonism) were revealed by interferometric methods. Based on the morphochemical parameters (nuclear and cytoplasmic area, protein content and concentration), the changes of field СА1 neurons can be regarded as functionally active (all parameters are significantly higher than in controls), and those of field СА3 neurons - as initial stages of degeneration (the significant decrease of neuron sizes). The differences in the response found in this study can be associated with the functional characteristics of СА1 and СА3 fields.
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26
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Williams TJ, Akama KT, Knudsen MG, McEwen BS, Milner TA. Ovarian hormones influence corticotropin releasing factor receptor colocalization with delta opioid receptors in CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites. Exp Neurol 2011; 230:186-96. [PMID: 21549703 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stress interacts with addictive processes to increase drug use, drug seeking, and relapse. The hippocampal formation (HF) is an important site at which stress circuits and endogenous opioid systems intersect and likely plays a critical role in the interaction between stress and drug addiction. Our prior studies demonstrate that the stress-related neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and the delta-opioid receptor (DOR) colocalize in interneuron populations in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and stratum oriens of CA1 and CA3. While independent ultrastructural studies of DORs and CRF receptors suggest that each receptor is found in CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites and dendritic spines, whether DORs and CRF receptors colocalize in CA1 neuronal profiles has not been investigated. Here, hippocampal sections of adult male and proestrus female Sprague-Dawley rats were processed for dual label pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy using well-characterized antisera directed against the DOR for immunoperoxidase and against the CRF receptor for immunogold. DOR-immunoreactivity (-ir) was found presynaptically in axons and axon terminals as well as postsynaptically in somata, dendrites and dendritic spines in stratum radiatum of CA1. In contrast, CRF receptor-ir was predominantly found postsynaptically in CA1 somata, dendrites, and dendritic spines. CRF receptor-ir frequently was observed in DOR-labeled dendritic profiles and primarily was found in the cytoplasm rather than at or near the plasma membrane. Quantitative analysis of CRF receptor-ir colocalization with DOR-ir in pyramidal cell dendrites revealed that proestrus females and males show comparable levels of CRF receptor-ir per dendrite and similar cytoplasmic density of CRF receptor-ir. In contrast, proestrus females display an increased number of dual-labeled dendritic profiles and an increased membrane density of CRF receptor-ir in comparison to males. We further examined the functional consequences of CRF receptor-ir colocalization with DOR-ir in the same neuron using the hormone responsive neuronal cell line NG108-15, which endogenously expresses DORs, and assayed intracellular cAMP production in response to CRF receptor and DOR agonists. Results demonstrated that short-term application of DOR agonist SNC80 inhibited CRF-induced cAMP accumulation in NG108-15 cells transfected with the CRF receptor. These studies provide new insights on opioid-stress system interaction in the hippocampus of both males and females and establish potential mechanisms through which DOR activation may influence CRF receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J Williams
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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27
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Stranahan AM. Physiological variability in brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression predicts dendritic spine density in the mouse dentate gyrus. Neurosci Lett 2011; 495:60-2. [PMID: 21420469 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are the predominant sites of excitatory neurotransmission in the adult brain, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a well-characterized determinant of dendritic spine number and morphology. The relationship between BDNF expression and dendritic spine number is particularly evident in the hippocampus, where environmental conditions that enhance hippocampal BDNF levels also promote local increases in dendritic spine density. However, the relationship between physiological variability in hippocampal BDNF expression and spine number has yet to be assessed. To determine whether natural variability in BDNF expression is associated with hippocampal dendritic spine number, correlations between BDNF protein levels and dendritic spine density among Golgi-impregnated neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA1 subfields were assessed in adult male C57Bl/6J mice. In the dentate gyrus, but not in the apical oblique dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells, BDNF protein expression was significantly correlated with dendritic spine density. This observation suggests that there may be a subregionally specific relationship between hippocampal BDNF expression and the density of spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Stranahan
- Physiology Department, Georgia Health Sciences University, 1120 15th St., rm CA3145, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
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28
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Abstract
The regulation of astroglia on synaptic plasticity in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus was examined. Rats were divided into three groups: the newly born (< 24 h), the juvenile (28-30 days) and the adult groups (90 - 100 days), with each group having 20 animals. The CA1 region of rat hippocampus was immunohistochemically and electron-microscopically examined, respectively, for the growth of astroglia and the ultrastructure of synapses. The high performance liquid chromatography was employed to determine the cholesterol content of rat hippocampus. In the newly-born rats, a large number of neurons were noted in the hippocampal CA1 region of the newly-born rats, and few astroglia and no synaptic structure were observed. In the juvenile group, a few astroglias and some immature synapses were found, which were less than those in adult rats (P < 0.01). The cholesterol content was 2.92 +/- 0.03 mg/g, 11.20 +/- 3.41 mg/g and 12.91 +/- 1.25 mg/g for newly born, the juvenile and the adult groups, respectively, with the differences among them being statistically significant (P < 0.01). Our study suggests that the astrocytes may play an important role in the synaptic formation and functional maturity of hippocampal neurons, which may be related to the secretion of cholesterol from astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laixun Tan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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29
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Sun K, Hu Q, Zhou CM, Xu XS, Wang F, Hu BH, Zhao XY, Chang X, Chen CH, Huang P, An LH, Liu YY, Fan JY, Wang CS, Yang L, Han JY. Cerebralcare Granule, a Chinese herb compound preparation, improves cerebral microcirculatory disorder and hippocampal CA1 neuron injury in gerbils after ischemia-reperfusion. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 130:398-406. [PMID: 20580803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Cerebralcare Granule (CG) is a Chinese herb compound preparation that has been used for treatment of cerebrovascular related diseases. However, the effect of post-treatment with CG on ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) induced cerebral injury is so far unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS In present study, cerebral global I/R was induced in Mongolian gerbils by clamping bilateral carotid arteries for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 5 days, and CG (0.4 g/kg or 0.8 g/kg) was administrated 3h after the initiation of reperfusion. RESULTS Post-treatment with CG for 5 days attenuated the I/R-induced production of hydrogen peroxide in, leukocyte adhesion to, and albumin leakage from cerebral microvessels, and, meanwhile, protected neuron from death, reduced the number of caspase-3- and Bax-positive cells, and increased Bcl-2-positive cells in hippocampal CA1 region. CONCLUSION The results suggest that CG given after initiation of reperfusion is able to ameliorate cerebral microvascular dysfunction and hippocampal CA1 neuron damage caused by I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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30
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Piccinin S, Di Angelantonio S, Piccioni A, Volpini R, Cristalli G, Fredholm BB, Limatola C, Eusebi F, Ragozzino D. CX3CL1-induced modulation at CA1 synapses reveals multiple mechanisms of EPSC modulation involving adenosine receptor subtypes. J Neuroimmunol 2010; 224:85-92. [PMID: 20570369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We characterized the role of adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes in the modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission by the chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) in mouse hippocampal CA1 neurons. CX(3)CL1 causes a reversible depression of excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), which is abolished by the A(3)R antagonist MRS1523, but not by A(1)R (DPCPX) or A(2A)R (SCH58261) antagonists. Consistently, CX3CL1-induced EPSC depression is absent in slices from A(3)R(-/-) but not A(1)R(-/-) or A(2A)R(-/-) mice. Further, A(3)R stimulation causes similar EPSC depression. In cultured neurons, CX3CL1-induced depression of AMPA current shows A(1)R-A(3)R pharmacology. We conclude that glutamatergic depression induced by released adenosine requires the stimulation of different ARs.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists
- Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists
- Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists
- Animals
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/immunology
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/ultrastructure
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CX3CL1/physiology
- Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/genetics
- Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neural Inhibition/genetics
- Neural Inhibition/immunology
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Presynaptic Terminals/immunology
- Presynaptic Terminals/metabolism
- Receptor, Adenosine A1/deficiency
- Receptor, Adenosine A1/physiology
- Receptor, Adenosine A3/deficiency
- Receptor, Adenosine A3/physiology
- Receptors, Adenosine A2/deficiency
- Receptors, Adenosine A2/physiology
- Receptors, Purinergic P1/deficiency
- Receptors, Purinergic P1/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P1/physiology
- Synaptic Transmission/genetics
- Synaptic Transmission/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Piccinin
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti & Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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31
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Harashchuk OV, Tsupykov OM, Tsymbaliuk VI. [Long-term effect of fetal neural tissue late grafting on hippocampus cytoarchitecture after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats]. Fiziol Zh (1994) 2010; 56:81-92. [PMID: 21469321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of fetal neural tissue (FNT) grafting on regeneration of hippocampus structure has been investigated in postischemic rats. Transient global cerebral ischemia was induced by 20-min four-vessel occlusion in 13.2 +/- 2.4-month-old rats. FNT suspension was prepared from hippocampal CA1 area and primordial dentate gyrus of E18-E19 rat fetuses. 30 days after TGI, FNT was stereotactically transplanted into CA1 area of ischemic animals. Linear density of CA1 pyramidal neurons, stratum radiatum width, CA4 and dentate gyrus morphology were studied in hippocampal slices by light microscopy 2, 4 and 7 months after TGI and 1, 3 and 6 months after FNT grafting. It has been shown, that late FNT grafting provides significant and prolonged potentiation of a hippocampal cytoarchitecture recovery after TGI in rats.
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Kotariya NT, Bikashvili TZ, Zhvaniya MG, Chkhikvishvili TG. Ultrastructure of hippocampal field CA1 in rats after status epilepticus induced by systemic administration of kainic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 40:127-30. [PMID: 20033316 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-009-9233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of hippocampal field CA1 in rats was studied 14 days after status epilepticus induced by administration of kainic acid. Structural changes were seen in 40% of cells, predominantly interneurons, which showed both reversible changes (mitochondria with an electron-dense matrix or small numbers of short cristae, moderate dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) cisterns, and small numbers of ribosomes) and more significant abnormalities: swollen mitochondria with very small numbers of cristae, which were partially degraded, some with damaged mitochondrial membranes, along with pathologically damaged RER components and focal or peripheral chromatolysis. Chromatolyzed areas sometimes contained membrane-like includes and vacuoles. In addition, the neuropil contained occasional large osmiophilic formations surrounded by astrocyte processes with accumulations of glycogen or gliofibrils. Synaptoarchitectonics were also altered. Asymmetrical synapses were often seen on small dendrites and spines, with highly osmiophilic postsynaptic zones, their synaptic terminals containing numerous synaptic vesicles and large vesicles with electron-dense cores. Some presynaptic endings showed clear signs of classical dark-type degeneration. As the nucleus remained intact in all types of altered neurons, it appears that most cells underwent pathological changes of the necrotic type.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Kotariya
- Department of Neuroanatomy (Director: Professor I. K. Svanidze), I. S. Beritashvili Institute of Physiology, Tbilisi, Georgia
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