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Cui C, Jiang X, Wang Y, Li C, Lin Z, Wei Y, Ni Q. Cerebral Hypoxia-Induced Molecular Alterations and Their Impact on the Physiology of Neurons and Dendritic Spines: A Comprehensive Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:58. [PMID: 39105862 PMCID: PMC11303443 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
This article comprehensively reviews how cerebral hypoxia impacts the physiological state of neurons and dendritic spines through a series of molecular changes, and explores the causal relationship between these changes and neuronal functional impairment. As a severe pathological condition, cerebral hypoxia can significantly alter the morphology and function of neurons and dendritic spines. Specifically, dendritic spines, being the critical structures for neurons to receive information, undergo changes such as a reduction in number and morphological abnormalities under hypoxic conditions. These alterations further affect synaptic function, leading to neurotransmission disorders. This article delves into the roles of molecular pathways like MAPK, AMPA receptors, NMDA receptors, and BDNF in the hypoxia-induced changes in neurons and dendritic spines, and outlines current treatment strategies. Neurons are particularly sensitive to cerebral hypoxia, with their apical dendrites being vulnerable to damage, thereby affecting cognitive function. Additionally, astrocytes and microglia play an indispensable role in protecting neuronal and synaptic structures, regulating their normal functions, and contributing to the repair process following injury. These studies not only contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of related neurological diseases but also provide important insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Future research should further focus on the dynamic changes in neurons and dendritic spines under hypoxic conditions and their intrinsic connections with cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cui
- Hydrogen Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Hydrogen Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Hydrogen Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Li
- Hydrogen Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaochen Lin
- Hydrogen Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Youzhen Wei
- Hydrogen Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
- Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Qingbin Ni
- Hydrogen Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
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Mi Z, Povysheva N, Rose ME, Ma J, Zeh DJ, Harikumar N, Bhuiyan MIH, Graham SH. Abolishing UCHL1's hydrolase activity exacerbates ischemia-induced axonal injury and functional deficits in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241258809. [PMID: 38833565 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241258809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a neuronal protein important in maintaining axonal integrity and motor function and may be important in the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. UCHL1 may ameliorate acute injury and improve recovery after cerebral ischemia. In the current study, the hypothesis that UCHL1's hydrolase activity underlies its effect in maintaining axonal integrity and function is tested after ischemic injury. Hydrolase activity was inhibited by treatment with a UCHL1 hydrolase inhibitor or by employing knockin mice bearing a mutation in the hydrolase active site (C90A). Ischemic injury was induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in brain slice preparations and by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) surgery in mice. Hydrolase activity inhibition increased restoration time and decreased the amplitude of evoked axonal responses in the corpus callosum after OGD. Mutation of the hydrolase active site exacerbated white matter injury as detected by SMI32 immunohistochemistry, and motor deficits as detected by beam balance and cylinder testing after tMCAO. These results demonstrate that UCHL1 hydrolase activity ameliorates white matter injury and functional deficits after acute ischemic injury and support the hypothesis that UCHL1 activity plays a significant role in preserving white matter integrity and recovery of function after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Mi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nadya Povysheva
- Department of Neuroscience, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marie E Rose
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dennis J Zeh
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nikitha Harikumar
- Department of Neuroscience, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad Iqbal H Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Steven H Graham
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Iskusnykh IY, Zakharova AA, Kryl’skii ED, Popova TN. Aging, Neurodegenerative Disorders, and Cerebellum. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1018. [PMID: 38256091 PMCID: PMC10815822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
An important part of the central nervous system (CNS), the cerebellum is involved in motor control, learning, reflex adaptation, and cognition. Diminished cerebellar function results in the motor and cognitive impairment observed in patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), and multiple sclerosis (MS), and even during the normal aging process. In most neurodegenerative disorders, impairment mainly occurs as a result of morphological changes over time, although during the early stages of some disorders such as AD, the cerebellum also serves a compensatory function. Biological aging is accompanied by changes in cerebellar circuits, which are predominantly involved in motor control. Despite decades of research, the functional contributions of the cerebellum and the underlying molecular mechanisms in aging and neurodegenerative disorders remain largely unknown. Therefore, this review will highlight the molecular and cellular events in the cerebellum that are disrupted during the process of aging and the development of neurodegenerative disorders. We believe that deeper insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of the cerebellum during aging and the development of neurodegenerative disorders will be essential for the design of new effective strategies for neuroprotection and the alleviation of some neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Y. Iskusnykh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Anastasia A. Zakharova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov St. 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Evgenii D. Kryl’skii
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia; (E.D.K.)
| | - Tatyana N. Popova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia; (E.D.K.)
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Zhao RY, Wei PJ, Sun X, Zhang DH, He QY, Liu J, Chang JL, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Role of lipocalin 2 in stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106044. [PMID: 36804285 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide; however, the treatment choices available to neurologists are limited in clinical practice. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a secreted protein, belonging to the lipocalin superfamily, with multiple biological functions in mediating innate immune response, inflammatory response, iron-homeostasis, cell migration and differentiation, energy metabolism, and other processes in the body. LCN2 is expressed at low levels in the brain under normal physiological conditions, but its expression is significantly up-regulated in multiple acute stimulations and chronic pathologies. An up-regulation of LCN2 has been found in the blood/cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke, and could serve as a potential biomarker for the prediction of the severity of acute stroke. LCN2 activates reactive astrocytes and microglia, promotes neutrophil infiltration, amplifies post-stroke inflammation, promotes blood-brain barrier disruption, white matter injury, and neuronal death. Moreover, LCN2 is involved in brain injury induced by thrombin and erythrocyte lysates, as well as microvascular thrombosis after hemorrhage. In this paper, we review the role of LCN2 in the pathological processes of ischemic stroke; intracerebral hemorrhage; subarachnoid hemorrhage; and stroke-related brain diseases, such as vascular dementia and post-stroke depression, and their underlying mechanisms. We hope that this review will help elucidate the value of LCN2 as a therapeutic target in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yu Zhao
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Peng-Ju Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Dian-Hui Zhang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Qian-Yan He
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jun-Lei Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Neuroscience Research Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Neuroscience Research Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China.
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Saha D, Vishwakarma S, Gupta RK, Pant A, Dhyani V, Sharma S, Majumdar S, Kaur I, Giri L. Non-prophylactic resveratrol-mediated protection of neurite integrity under chronic hypoxia is associated with reduction of Cav1.2 channel expression and calcium overloading. Neurochem Int 2023; 164:105466. [PMID: 36587745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellular hypoxia is a major cause of oxidative stress, culminating in neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous ex vivo studies have implicated that hypoxia episodes leading to disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis and redox status contribute to the progression of various neuropathologies and cell death. Isolation and maintenance of primary cell culture being cost-intensive, the details of the time course relationship between Ca2+ overload, L-type Ca2+ channel function, and neurite retraction under chronic and long-term hypoxia remain undefined. In order to explore the effect of oxidative stress and Ca2+ overload on neurite length, first, we developed a 5-day-long neurite outgrowth model using N2a cell line. Second, we propose a chronic hypoxia model to investigate the modulation of the L-type Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2) and oxidative resistance gene (OXR1) expression level during the process of neurite retraction and neuronal damage over 32 h. Thirdly, we developed a framework for quantitative analysis of cytosolic Ca2+, superoxide formation, neurite length, and constriction formation in individual cells using live imaging that provides an understanding of molecular targets. Our findings suggest that an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ is a feature of an early phase of hypoxic stress. Further, we demonstrate that augmentation in the L-type channel leads to amplification in Ca2+ overload, ROS accumulation, and a reduction in neurite length during the late phase of hypoxic stress. Next, we demonstrated that non-prophylactic treatment of resveratrol leads to the reduction of calcium overloading under chronic hypoxia via lowering of L-type channel expression. Finally, we demonstrate that resveratrol-mediated reduction of Cav1.2 channel and STAT3 expression are associated with retention of neurite integrity. The proposed in vitro model assumes significance in the context of drug designing and testing that demands monitoring of neurite length and constriction formations by imaging before animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Saha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sushma Vishwakarma
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rishikesh Kumar Gupta
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Avnika Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vaibhav Dhyani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India; Optical Science Centre, Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarmeela Sharma
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saptarshi Majumdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lopamudra Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India.
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Huang N, Sheng ZH. Microfluidic devices as model platforms of CNS injury-ischemia to study axonal regeneration by regulating mitochondrial transport and bioenergetic metabolism. CELL REGENERATION 2022; 11:33. [PMID: 36184647 PMCID: PMC9527262 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) neurons typically fail to regenerate their axons after injury leading to neurological impairment. Axonal regeneration is a highly energy-demanding cellular program that requires local mitochondria to supply most energy within injured axons. Recent emerging lines of evidence have started to reveal that injury-triggered acute mitochondrial damage and local energy crisis contribute to the intrinsic energetic restriction that accounts for axon regeneration failure in the CNS. Characterizing and reprogramming bioenergetic signaling and mitochondrial maintenance after axon injury-ischemia is fundamental for developing therapeutic strategies that can restore local energy metabolism and thus facilitate axon regeneration. Therefore, establishing reliable and reproducible neuronal model platforms is critical for assessing axonal energetic metabolism and regeneration capacity after injury-ischemia. In this focused methodology article, we discuss recent advances in applying cutting-edge microfluidic chamber devices in combination with state-of-the-art live-neuron imaging tools to monitor axonal regeneration, mitochondrial transport, bioenergetic metabolism, and local protein synthesis in response to injury-ischemic stress in mature CNS neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706 USA ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706 USA
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7
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Yamamoto Y, Hirano J, Ueda R, Yoshitake H, Yamagishi M, Kimura M, Kamiya K, Shino M, Mimura M, Yamagata B. White matter alterations in the dorsal attention network contribute to a high risk of unsafe driving in healthy older people. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2022; 1:e45. [PMID: 38868688 PMCID: PMC11114439 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Aim Healthy older drivers may be at high risk of fatal traffic accidents. Our recent study showed that volumetric alterations in gray matter in the brain regions within the dorsal attention network (DAN) were strongly related to the risk of unsafe driving in healthy older people. However, the relationship between white matter (WM) structural connectivity and driving ability in healthy older people is still unclear. Methods We used diffusion tensor imaging to examine the association between microstructural alterations in the DAN and the risk of unsafe driving among healthy older people. We enrolled 32 healthy older individuals aged over 65 years and screened unsafe drivers using an on-road driving test. We then determined the pattern of WM aberrations in unsafe drivers using tract-based spatial statistics. Results The analysis demonstrated that unsafe drivers had significantly higher axial diffusivity values in nine WM clusters compared with safe drivers. These results were primarily observed bilaterally in the dorsal superior longitudinal fasciculus, which is involved in the DAN. Furthermore, correlation analyses showed that higher axial diffusivity values in the superior longitudinal fasciculus were associated with lower Trail Making Test A scores within unsafe drivers. This result suggests that functionally, WM microstructural alterations in the DAN are associated with attention problems, which may contribute to the risk of unsafe driving among healthy older people. Conclusion Our findings may elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the increased risk of unsafe driving in healthy older people, potentially facilitating the development of new interventions to prevent fatal accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Yamamoto
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Jinichi Hirano
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ryo Ueda
- Office of Radiation TechnologyKeio University HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshitake
- Department of Human and Engineered Environmental StudiesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Mika Yamagishi
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Mariko Kimura
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Graduate School of PsychologyRissho UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kei Kamiya
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Motoki Shino
- Department of Human and Engineered Environmental StudiesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Bun Yamagata
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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Palumbo A, Grüning P, Landt SK, Heckmann LE, Bartram L, Pabst A, Flory C, Ikhsan M, Pietsch S, Schulz R, Kren C, Koop N, Boltze J, Madany Mamlouk A, Zille M. Deep Learning to Decipher the Progression and Morphology of Axonal Degeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102539. [PMID: 34685519 PMCID: PMC8534012 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration (AxD) is a pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases. Deciphering the morphological patterns of AxD will help to understand the underlying mechanisms and develop effective therapies. Here, we evaluated the progression of AxD in cortical neurons using a novel microfluidic device together with a deep learning tool that we developed for the enhanced-throughput analysis of AxD on microscopic images. The trained convolutional neural network (CNN) sensitively and specifically segmented the features of AxD including axons, axonal swellings, and axonal fragments. Its performance exceeded that of the human evaluators. In an in vitro model of AxD in hemorrhagic stroke induced by the hemolysis product hemin, we detected a time-dependent degeneration of axons leading to a decrease in axon area, while axonal swelling and fragment areas increased. Axonal swellings preceded axon fragmentation, suggesting that swellings may be reliable predictors of AxD. Using a recurrent neural network (RNN), we identified four morphological patterns of AxD (granular, retraction, swelling, and transport degeneration). These findings indicate a morphological heterogeneity of AxD in hemorrhagic stroke. Our EntireAxon platform enables the systematic analysis of axons and AxD in time-lapse microscopy and unravels a so-far unknown intricacy in which AxD can occur in a disease context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Palumbo
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philipp Grüning
- Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (P.G.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Svenja Kim Landt
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lara Eleen Heckmann
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Luisa Bartram
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Alessa Pabst
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Charlotte Flory
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maulana Ikhsan
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Malikussaleh University, Lhokseumawe 24355, Indonesia
| | - Sören Pietsch
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schulz
- Wissenschaftliche Werkstätten, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Christopher Kren
- Medical Laser Center Lübeck GmbH, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (C.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Norbert Koop
- Medical Laser Center Lübeck GmbH, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (C.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Johannes Boltze
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Amir Madany Mamlouk
- Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (P.G.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Marietta Zille
- Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.P.); (S.K.L.); (L.E.H.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (C.F.); (M.I.); (S.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
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9
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Berlet R, Anthony S, Brooks B, Wang ZJ, Sadanandan N, Shear A, Cozene B, Gonzales-Portillo B, Parsons B, Salazar FE, Lezama Toledo AR, Monroy GR, Gonzales-Portillo JV, Borlongan CV. Combination of Stem Cells and Rehabilitation Therapies for Ischemic Stroke. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1316. [PMID: 34572529 PMCID: PMC8468342 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation therapy presents an effective stroke treatment. Here, we discuss current breakthroughs in stem cell research along with rehabilitation strategies that may have a synergistic outcome when combined together after stroke. Indeed, stem cell transplantation offers a promising new approach and may add to current rehabilitation therapies. By reviewing the pathophysiology of stroke and the mechanisms by which stem cells and rehabilitation attenuate this inflammatory process, we hypothesize that a combined therapy will provide better functional outcomes for patients. Using current preclinical data, we explore the prominent types of stem cells, the existing theories for stem cell repair, rehabilitation treatments inside the brain, rehabilitation modalities outside the brain, and evidence pertaining to the benefits of combined therapy. In this review article, we assess the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation to mitigate the devastating effects of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Berlet
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Beverly Brooks
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | - Zhen-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | | | - Alex Shear
- University of Florida, 205 Fletcher Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Blaise Cozene
- Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | | | - Blake Parsons
- Washington and Lee University, 204 W Washington St, Lexington, VA 24450, USA;
| | - Felipe Esparza Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Alma R. Lezama Toledo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Germán Rivera Monroy
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | | | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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10
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Fedorova J, Kellerova E, Bimbova K, Pavel J. The Histopathology of Severe Graded Compression in Lower Thoracic Spinal Cord Segment of Rat, Evaluated at Late Post-injury Phase. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:173-193. [PMID: 34410553 PMCID: PMC8732890 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous recovery of lost motor functions is relative fast in rodent models after inducing a very mild/moderate spinal cord injury (SCI), and this may complicate a reliable evaluation of the effectiveness of potential therapy. Therefore, a severe graded (30 g, 40 g and 50 g) weight-compression SCI at the Th9 spinal segment, involving an acute mechanical impact followed by 15 min of persistent compression, was studied in adult female Wistar rats. Functional parameters, such as spontaneous recovery of motor hind limb and bladder emptying function, and the presence of hematuria were evaluated within 28 days of the post-traumatic period. The disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier, measured by extravasated Evans Blue dye, was examined 24 h after the SCI, when maximum permeability occurs. At the end of the survival period, the degradation of gray and white matter associated with the formation of cystic cavities, and quantitative changes of glial structural proteins, such as GFAP, and integral components of axonal architecture, such as neurofilaments and myelin basic protein, were evaluated in the lesioned area of the spinal cord. Based on these functional and histological parameters, and taking the animal’s welfare into account, the 40 g weight can be considered as an upper limit for severe traumatic injury in this compression model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Fedorova
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Erika Kellerova
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Bimbova
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Pavel
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia.
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11
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Feng Y, Guo M, Zhao H, Han S, Hao Y, Yuan Y, Shen W, Sun J, Dong Q, Cui M. Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide Alleviates Demyelination and Improves Cognitive Function by Promoting Mitochondrial Dynamics in White Matter Lesions. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:632374. [PMID: 33762923 PMCID: PMC7982723 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.632374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter lesions (WMLs) are a type of cerebrovascular disorder accompanied by demyelination and cognitive decline. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (D1-NBP) is a neuroprotective drug used for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, although the function of DI-NBP on WML is still not clear. This study aims to investigate whether DI-NBP affects cognitive function and ameliorates demyelination in a model of WML. The bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) mouse model and in vitro brain slice cultures with low glucose and low oxygen (LGLO) treatment were adopted. The Dl-NBP was administered intragastrically for 28 days after BCAS or added at a dose of 50 μm for 48 h after LGLO. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated by an eight-arm radial maze. Demyelination was detected using a TEM. Mitochondrial dynamics were assessed by time-lapse imaging in the cultured brain slices. The function of the synapse was evaluated by the patch clamp technique. In BCAS mice, obvious demyelination and cognitive decline were observed, while both were significantly relieved by a high-dose D1-NBP treatment (100 mg/kg). Along with demyelination, mitochondrial accumulation in the axons was significantly increased in the BCAS mice model, but with the treatment of a high-dose D1-NBP, mitochondrial accumulation was mitigated, and the anterograde/retrograde transport of mitochondria was increased. Following the improved anterograde/retrograde transport of mitochondria, the synapse activity was significantly upregulated while the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was remarkably decreased in the cultured brain slices. In addition, we identified syntaphilin (SNPH) as the downstream target of D1-NBP. The overexpression of SNPH mediated the effects of D1-NBP in mitigating axonal mitochondrial accumulation. In conclusion, the D1-NBP treatment significantly relieved demyelination and improved spatial learning and memory in the WML model by promoting mitochondrial dynamics. These neuroprotective effects of D1-NBP were mediated by inhibiting the mitochondrial arching protein, SNPH, which provided a potential therapeutic target for WML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sida Han
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yining Hao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Cui Y, Jin X, Choi JY, Kim BG. Modeling subcortical ischemic white matter injury in rodents: unmet need for a breakthrough in translational research. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:638-642. [PMID: 33063714 PMCID: PMC8067929 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcortical ischemic white matter injury (SIWMI), pathological correlate of white matter hyperintensities or leukoaraiosis on magnetic resonance imaging, is a common cause of cognitive decline in elderly. Despite its high prevalence, it remains unknown how various components of the white matter degenerate in response to chronic ischemia.This incomplete knowledge is in part due to a lack of adequate animal model. The current review introduces various SIWMI animal models and aims to scrutinize their advantages and disadvantages primarily in regard to the pathological manifestations of white matter components. The SIWMI animal models are categorized into 1) chemically induced SIWMI models, 2) vascular occlusive SIWMI models, and 3) SIWMI models with comorbid vascular risk factors. Chemically induced models display consistent lesions in predetermined areas of the white matter, but the abrupt evolution of lesions does not appropriately reflect the progressive pathological processes in human white matter hyperintensities. Vascular occlusive SIWMI models often do not exhibit white matter lesions that are sufficiently unequivocal to be quantified. When combined with comorbid vascular risk factors (specifically hypertension), however, they can produce progressive and definitive white matter lesions including diffuse rarefaction, demyelination, loss of oligodendrocytes, and glial activation, which are by far the closest to those found in human white matter hyperintensities lesions. However, considerable surgical mortality and unpredictable natural deaths during a follow-up period would necessitate further refinements in these models. In the meantime, in vitro SIWMI models that recapitulate myelinated white matter track may be utilized to study molecular mechanisms of the ischemic white matter injury. Appropriate in vivo and in vitro SIWMI models will contribute in a complementary manner to making a breakthrough in developing effective treatment to prevent progression of white matter hyperintensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexian Cui
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Department of Neurology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xuelian Jin
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Department of Nephrology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Young Choi
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Byung Gon Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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13
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Landa J, Gaig C, Plagumà J, Saiz A, Antonell A, Sanchez-Valle R, Dalmau J, Graus F, Sabater L. Effects of IgLON5 Antibodies on Neuronal Cytoskeleton: A Link between Autoimmunity and Neurodegeneration. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:1023-1027. [PMID: 32740999 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Anti-IgLON5 disease is a neurological disorder characterized by autoantibodies against IgLON5 and pathological evidence of neuronal-specific tau accumulation. Here, we report that patients' IgLON5 IgG, but not other cell-surface antibodies, disrupt the cytoskeletal organization in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, resulting in dystrophic neurites and axonal swelling. Adsorption of IgLON5 IgG with HEK293 cells expressing IgLON5 abrogated the indicated cytoskeletal changes. These findings, along with an increase of levels of neurofilaments in patients' cerebrospinal fluid, suggest that IgLON5 IgG, unlike other cell-surface antibodies, disrupts neuronal cytoskeleton maintenance, providing a link between autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1023-1027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Landa
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Gaig
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Plagumà
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Saiz
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Antonell
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Dalmau
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Graus
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Sabater
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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