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Sun M, Baker TL, Wilson CT, Brady RD, Yamakawa GR, Wright DK, Mychasiuk R, Vo A, Wilson T, Allen J, McDonald SJ, Shultz SR. Treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor-A antibody, bevacizumab, has sex-specific effects in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:542-555. [PMID: 37933736 PMCID: PMC10981407 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231212377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) involves damage to the cerebrovascular system. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is an important modulator of vascular health and VEGF-A promotes the brain's ability to recover after more severe forms of brain injury; however, the role of VEGF-A in mTBI remains poorly understood. Bevacizumab (BEV) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to VEGF-A and neutralises its actions. To better understand the role of VEGF-A in mTBI recovery, this study examined how BEV treatment affected outcomes in rats given a mTBI. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to sham-injury + vehicle treatment (VEH), sham-injury + BEV treatment, mTBI + VEH treatment, mTBI + BEV treatment groups. Treatment was administered intracerebroventricularly via a cannula beginning at the time of injury and continuing until the end of the study. Rats underwent behavioral testing after injury and were euthanized on day 11. In both females and males, BEV had a negative impact on cognitive function. mTBI and BEV treatment increased the expression of inflammatory markers in females. In males, BEV treatment altered markers related to hypoxia and vascular health. These novel findings of sex-specific responses to BEV and mTBI provide important insights into the role of VEGF-A in mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara L Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Campbell T Wilson
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh Vo
- Monash Health Translation Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor Wilson
- Monash Health Translation Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Josh Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Health Sciences, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
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Silvestro S, Raffaele I, Quartarone A, Mazzon E. Innovative Insights into Traumatic Brain Injuries: Biomarkers and New Pharmacological Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2372. [PMID: 38397046 PMCID: PMC10889179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health issue affecting many people across the world, causing significant morbidity and mortality. TBIs often have long-lasting effects, disrupting daily life and functionality. They cause two types of damage to the brain: primary and secondary. Secondary damage is particularly critical as it involves complex processes unfolding after the initial injury. These processes can lead to cell damage and death in the brain. Understanding how these processes damage the brain is crucial for finding new treatments. This review examines a wide range of literature from 2021 to 2023, focusing on biomarkers and molecular mechanisms in TBIs to pinpoint therapeutic advancements. Baseline levels of biomarkers, including neurofilament light chain (NF-L), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), Tau, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in TBI, have demonstrated prognostic value for cognitive outcomes, laying the groundwork for personalized treatment strategies. In terms of pharmacological progress, the most promising approaches currently target neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptotic mechanisms. Agents that can modulate these pathways offer the potential to reduce a TBI's impact and aid in neurological rehabilitation. Future research is poised to refine these therapeutic approaches, potentially revolutionizing TBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Via Provinciale Palermo, SS 113, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.S.); (I.R.); (A.Q.)
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Kobeissy F, Goli M, Yadikar H, Shakkour Z, Kurup M, Haidar MA, Alroumi S, Mondello S, Wang KK, Mechref Y. Advances in neuroproteomics for neurotrauma: unraveling insights for personalized medicine and future prospects. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1288740. [PMID: 38073638 PMCID: PMC10703396 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1288740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroproteomics, an emerging field at the intersection of neuroscience and proteomics, has garnered significant attention in the context of neurotrauma research. Neuroproteomics involves the quantitative and qualitative analysis of nervous system components, essential for understanding the dynamic events involved in the vast areas of neuroscience, including, but not limited to, neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, mental illness, traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and other neurodegenerative diseases. With advancements in mass spectrometry coupled with bioinformatics and systems biology, neuroproteomics has led to the development of innovative techniques such as microproteomics, single-cell proteomics, and imaging mass spectrometry, which have significantly impacted neuronal biomarker research. By analyzing the complex protein interactions and alterations that occur in the injured brain, neuroproteomics provides valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurotrauma. This review explores how such insights can be harnessed to advance personalized medicine (PM) approaches, tailoring treatments based on individual patient profiles. Additionally, we highlight the potential future prospects of neuroproteomics, such as identifying novel biomarkers and developing targeted therapies by employing artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). By shedding light on neurotrauma's current state and future directions, this review aims to stimulate further research and collaboration in this promising and transformative field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mona Goli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Hamad Yadikar
- Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Zaynab Shakkour
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Milin Kurup
- Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, United States
| | | | - Shahad Alroumi
- Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Kevin K. Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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Wong KR, Wright DK, Sgro M, Salberg S, Bain J, Li C, Sun M, McDonald SJ, Mychasiuk R, Brady RD, Shultz SR. Persistent Changes in Mechanical Nociception in Rats With Traumatic Brain Injury Involving Polytrauma. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:1383-1395. [PMID: 36958460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors often experience debilitating consequences. Due to the high impact nature of TBI, patients often experience concomitant peripheral injuries (ie, polytrauma). A common, yet often overlooked, comorbidity of TBI is chronic pain. Therefore, this study investigated how common concomitant peripheral injuries (ie, femoral fracture and muscle crush) can affect long-term behavioral and structural TBI outcomes with a particular focus on nociception. Rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: polytrauma (POLY; ie, fracture + muscle crush + TBI), peripheral injury (PERI; ie, fracture + muscle crush + sham TBI), TBI (ie, sham fracture + sham muscle crush + TBI), and sham-injured (SHAM; ie, sham fracture + sham muscle crush + sham TBI). Rats underwent behavioral testing at 3-, 6-, and 11-weeks postinjury, and were then euthanized for postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). POLY rats had a persisting increase in pain sensitivity compared to all groups on the von Frey test. MRI revealed that POLY rats also had abnormalities in the cortical and subcortical brain structures involved in nociceptive processing. These findings have important implications and provide a foundation for future studies to determine the underlying mechanisms and potential treatment strategies for chronic pain in TBI survivors. PERSPECTIVE: Rats with TBI and concomitant peripheral trauma displayed chronic nociceptive pain and MRI images also revealed damaged brain structures/pathways that are involved in chronic pain development. This study highlights the importance of polytrauma and the affected brain regions for developing chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker Rui Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marissa Sgro
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sabrina Salberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesse Bain
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Crystal Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Nursing, Health and Human Services, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.
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Allen J, Pham L, Bond ST, O’Brien WT, Spitz G, Shultz SR, Drew BG, Wright DK, McDonald SJ. Acute effects of single and repeated mild traumatic brain injury on levels of neurometabolites, lipids, and mitochondrial function in male rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1208697. [PMID: 37456524 PMCID: PMC10338885 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1208697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) are the most common form of acquired brain injury. Symptoms of mTBI are thought to be associated with a neuropathological cascade, potentially involving the dysregulation of neurometabolites, lipids, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Such alterations may play a role in the period of enhanced vulnerability that occurs after mTBI, such that a second mTBI will exacerbate neuropathology. However, it is unclear whether mTBI-induced alterations in neurometabolites and lipids that are involved in energy metabolism and other important cellular functions are exacerbated by repeat mTBI, and if such alterations are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods In this experiment, using a well-established awake-closed head injury (ACHI) paradigm to model mTBI, male rats were subjected to a single injury, or five injuries delivered 1 day apart, and injuries were confirmed with a beam-walk task and a video observation protocol. Abundance of several neurometabolites was evaluated 24 h post-final injury in the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and mitochondrial bioenergetics were evaluated 30 h post-final injury, or at 24 h in place of 1H-MRS, in the rostral half of the ipsilateral hippocampus. Lipidomic evaluations were conducted in the ipsilateral hippocampus and cortex. Results We found that behavioral deficits in the beam task persisted 1- and 4 h after the final injury in rats that received repetitive mTBIs, and this was paralleled by an increase and decrease in hippocampal glutamine and glucose, respectively, whereas a single mTBI had no effect on sensorimotor and metabolic measurements. No group differences were observed in lipid levels and mitochondrial bioenergetics in the hippocampus, although some lipids were altered in the cortex after repeated mTBI. Discussion The decrease in performance in sensorimotor tests and the presence of more neurometabolic and lipidomic abnormalities, after repeated but not singular mTBI, indicates that multiple concussions in short succession can have cumulative effects. Further preclinical research efforts are required to understand the underlying mechanisms that drive these alterations to establish biomarkers and inform treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise Pham
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon T. Bond
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - William T. O’Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gershon Spitz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R. Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Health Sciences, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian G. Drew
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David K. Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J. McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Semple BD, Panagiotopoulou O. Cranial Bone Changes Induced by Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Neglected Player in Concussion Outcomes? Neurotrauma Rep 2023; 4:396-403. [PMID: 37350792 PMCID: PMC10282977 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), particularly when repetitive in nature, are increasingly recognized to have a range of significant negative implications for brain health. Much of the ongoing research in the field is focused on the neurological consequences of these injuries and the relationship between TBIs and long-term neurodegenerative conditions such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy and Alzheimer's disease. However, our understanding of the complex relationship between applied mechanical force at impact, brain pathophysiology, and neurological function remains incomplete. Past research has shown that mild TBIs, even below the threshold that results in cranial fracture, induce changes in cranial bone structure and morphology. These structural and physiological changes likely have implications for the transmission of mechanical force into the underlying brain parenchyma. Here, we review this evidence in the context of the current understanding of bone mechanosensitivity and the consequences of TBIs or concussions. We postulate that heterogeneity of the calvarium, including differing bone thickness attributable to past impacts, age, or individual variability, may be a modulator of outcomes after subsequent TBIs. We advocate for greater consideration of cranial responses to TBI in both experimental and computer modeling of impact biomechanics, and raise the hypothesis that calvarial bone thickness represents a novel biomarker of brain injury vulnerability post-TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette D. Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olga Panagiotopoulou
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Zhao Q, Zhang J, Li H, Li H, Xie F. Models of traumatic brain injury-highlights and drawbacks. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1151660. [PMID: 37396767 PMCID: PMC10309005 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1151660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause for high morbidity and mortality rates in young adults, survivors may suffer from long-term physical, cognitive, and/or psychological disorders. Establishing better models of TBI would further our understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI and develop new potential treatments. A multitude of animal TBI models have been used to replicate the various aspects of human TBI. Although numerous experimental neuroprotective strategies were identified to be effective in animal models, a majority of strategies have failed in phase II or phase III clinical trials. This failure in clinical translation highlights the necessity of revisiting the current status of animal models of TBI and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we elucidate approaches for the generation of animal models and cell models of TBI and summarize their strengths and limitations with the aim of exploring clinically meaningful neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zhao
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Huige Li
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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8
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Koza LA, Pena C, Russell M, Smith AC, Molnar J, Devine M, Serkova NJ, Linseman DA. Immunocal® limits gliosis in mouse models of repetitive mild-moderate traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2023; 1808:148338. [PMID: 36966959 PMCID: PMC10258892 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Successive traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) exacerbate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. No therapeutics exist for populations at high risk of repetitive mild TBIs (rmTBIs). We explored the preventative therapeutic effects of Immunocal®, a cysteine-rich whey protein supplement and glutathione (GSH) precursor, following rmTBI and repetitive mild-moderate TBI (rmmTBI). Populations that suffer rmTBIs largely go undiagnosed and untreated; therefore, we first examined the potential therapeutic effect of Immunocal® long-term following rmTBI. Mice were treated with Immunocal® prior to, during, and following rmTBI induced by controlled cortical impact until analysis at 2 weeks, 2 months, and 6 months following the last rmTBI. Astrogliosis and microgliosis were measured in cortex at each time point and edema and macrophage infiltration by MRI were analyzed at 2 months post-rmTBI. Immunocal® significantly reduced astrogliosis at 2 weeks and 2 months post-rmTBI. Macrophage activation was observed at 2 months post-rmTBI but Immunocal® had no significant effect on this endpoint. We did not observe significant microgliosis or edema after rmTBI. The dosing regimen was repeated in mice subjected to rmmTBI; however, using this experimental paradigm, we examined the preventative therapeutic effects of Immunocal® at a much earlier timepoint because populations that suffer more severe rmmTBIs are more likely to receive acute diagnosis and treatment. Increases in astrogliosis, microgliosis, and serum neurofilament light (NfL), as well as reductions in the GSH:GSSG ratio, were observed 72 h post-rmmTBI. Immunocal® only significantly reduced microgliosis after rmmTBI. In summary, we report that astrogliosis persists for 2 months post-rmTBI and that inflammation, neuronal damage, and altered redox homeostasis present acutely following rmmTBI. Immunocal® significantly limited gliosis in these models; however, its neuroprotection was partially overwhelmed by repetitive injury. Treatments that modulate distinct aspects of TBI pathophysiology, used in combination with GSH precursors like Immunocal®, may show more protection in these repetitive TBI models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia A Koza
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, United States; University of Denver, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Claudia Pena
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, United States; University of Denver, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Madison Russell
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, United States; University of Denver, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Alec C Smith
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, United States; University of Denver, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Jacob Molnar
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, United States; University of Denver, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Maeve Devine
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, United States; University of Denver, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Daniel A Linseman
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, United States; University of Denver, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Denver, CO 80208, United States.
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Moro F, Lisi I, Tolomeo D, Vegliante G, Pascente R, Mazzone E, Hussain R, Micotti E, Dallmeier J, Pischiutta F, Bianchi E, Chiesa R, Wang KK, Zanier ER. Acute Blood Levels of Neurofilament Light Indicate One-Year White Matter Pathology and Functional Impairment in Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injured Mice. J Neurotrauma 2023. [PMID: 36576018 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) mostly causes transient symptoms, but repeated (r)mTBI can lead to neurodegenerative processes. Diagnostic tools to evaluate the presence of ongoing occult neuropathology are lacking. In a mouse model of rmTBI, we investigated MRI and plasma biomarkers of brain damage before chronic functional impairment arose. Anesthetized adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were subjected to rmTBI or a sham procedure. Sensorimotor deficits were evaluated up to 12 months post-injury in SNAP and Neuroscore tests. Cognitive function was assessed in the novel object recognition test at six and 12 months. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed at six and 12 months to examine white matter and structural damage. Plasma levels of neurofilament light (NfL) were assessed longitudinally up to 12 months. Brain histopathology was performed at 12 months. Independent groups of mice were used to examine the effects of 2-, 7- and 14-days inter-injury intervals on acute plasma NfL levels and on hyperactivity. Twelve months after an acute transient impairment, sensorimotor functions declined again in rmTBI mice (p < 0.001 vs sham), but not earlier. Similarly, rmTBI mice showed memory impairment at 12 (p < 0.01 vs sham) but not at 6 months. White matter damage examined by DTI was evident in rmTBI mice at both six and 12 months (p < 0.001 vs sham). This was associated with callosal atrophy (p < 0.001 vs sham) evaluated by structural MRI. Plasma NfL at one week was elevated in rmTBI (p < 0.001 vs sham), and its level correlated with callosal atrophy at 12 months (Pearson r = 0.72, p < 0.01). Histopathology showed thinning of the corpus callosum and marked astrogliosis in rmTBI mice. The NfL levels were higher in mice subjected to short (2 days) compared with longer (7 and 14 days) inter-injury intervals (p < 0.05), and this correlated with hyperactivity in mice (Pearson r = 0.50; p < 0.05). These findings show that rmTBI causes white matter pathology detectable by MRI before chronic functional impairment. Early quantification of plasma NfL correlates with the degree of white matter atrophy one year after rmTBI and can serve to monitor the brain's susceptibility to a second mTBI, supporting its potential clinical application to guide the return to practice in sport-related TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Moro
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lisi
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Tolomeo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Vegliante
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Pascente
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mazzone
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Micotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Julian Dallmeier
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Francesca Pischiutta
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Bianchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Kevin K Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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10
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Neuroprotective Effects of Milrinone on Acute Traumatic Brain Injury. World Neurosurg 2023; 170:e558-e567. [PMID: 36403936 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury is still an important health problem worldwide. Traumatic brain injury not only causes direct mechanical damage to the brain but also induces biochemical changes that lead to secondary nerve cell loss. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of milrinone after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a rat model. METHODS Forty male Wistar albino rats, were used. Rats were divided into 4 groups: 1) sham, 2) TBI, 3) TBI + Ringers, and 4) TBI + Milrinone. In group 1 (sham), only craniotomy was performed. In group 2 (TBI), TBI was performed after craniotomy. In group 3 (TBI + Ringer), TBI was performed after craniotomy and intraperitoneal Ringers solution was given immediately afterward. Group 4 (TBI + Milrinone), TBI was performed after craniotomy, and milrinone was given 1.0 mg/kg milrinone intraperitoneally directly (0.5 mg/kg milrinone intraperitoneally again 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after trauma). Tests were performed for neurological and neurobehavioral functions. Immunohistochemistry and histopathology studies were performed. RESULTS In group 4 compared with group 2 and group 3 groups, tests for neurological functions and neurobehavioral functions were significantly better. In the milrinone treatment used in group 4, plasma and brain tissue tumor necrosis factor, 8-OH 2-deoxyguanosine , and interleukin 6 levels were significantly decreased, and increased plasma and tissue IL-10 levels were detected. Histopathological spinal cord injury and apoptotic index increased in groups 2 and 3, while significantly decreasing in group 4. CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time that the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties of milrinone may be neuroprotective after TBI.
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11
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Xu XJ, Liu BY, Dong JQ, Ge QQ, Lu SH, Yang MS, Zhuang Y, Zhang B, Niu F. Tandem Mass Tag-based proteomics analysis reveals the vital role of inflammation in traumatic brain injury in a mouse model. Neural Regen Res 2023. [PMID: 35799536 PMCID: PMC9241417 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.343886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Heiskanen M, Jääskeläinen O, Manninen E, Das Gupta S, Andrade P, Ciszek R, Gröhn O, Herukka SK, Puhakka N, Pitkänen A. Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain (NF-L) Is a Prognostic Biomarker for Cortical Damage Evolution but Not for Cognitive Impairment or Epileptogenesis Following Experimental TBI. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315208. [PMID: 36499527 PMCID: PMC9736117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma neurofilament light chain (NF-L) levels were assessed as a diagnostic biomarker for traumatic brain injury (TBI) and as a prognostic biomarker for somatomotor recovery, cognitive decline, and epileptogenesis. Rats with severe TBI induced by lateral fluid-percussion injury (n = 26, 13 with and 13 without epilepsy) or sham-operation (n = 8) were studied. During a 6-month follow-up, rats underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (day (D) 2, D7, and D21), composite neuroscore (D2, D6, and D14), Morris-water maze (D35−D39), and a 1-month-long video-electroencephalogram to detect unprovoked seizures during the 6th month. Plasma NF-L levels were assessed using a single-molecule assay at baseline (i.e., naïve animals) and on D2, D9, and D178 after TBI or a sham operation. Plasma NF-L levels were 483-fold higher on D2 (5072.0 ± 2007.0 pg/mL), 89-fold higher on D9 (930.3 ± 306.4 pg/mL), and 3-fold higher on D176 32.2 ± 8.9 pg/mL after TBI compared with baseline (10.5 ± 2.6 pg/mL; all p < 0.001). Plasma NF-L levels distinguished TBI rats from naïve animals at all time-points examined (area under the curve [AUC] 1.0, p < 0.001), and from sham-operated controls on D2 (AUC 1.0, p < 0.001). Plasma NF-L increases on D2 were associated with somatomotor impairment severity (ρ = −0.480, p < 0.05) and the cortical lesion extent in MRI (ρ = 0.401, p < 0.05). Plasma NF-L increases on D2 or D9 were associated with the cortical lesion extent in histologic sections at 6 months post-injury (ρ = 0.437 for D2; ρ = 0.393 for D9, p < 0.05). Plasma NF-L levels, however, did not predict somatomotor recovery, cognitive decline, or epileptogenesis (p > 0.05). Plasma NF-L levels represent a promising noninvasive translational diagnostic biomarker for acute TBI and a prognostic biomarker for post-injury somatomotor impairment and long-term structural brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Heiskanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Jääskeläinen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eppu Manninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Shalini Das Gupta
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pedro Andrade
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Robert Ciszek
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Gröhn
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence:
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13
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Cong P, Tong C, Mao S, Shi X, Liu Y, Shi L, Jin H, Liu Y, Hou M. Proteomic global proteins analysis in blast lung injury reveals the altered characteristics of crucial proteins in response to oxidative stress, oxidation-reduction process and lipid metabolic process. Exp Lung Res 2022; 48:275-290. [PMID: 36346360 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2022.2143596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Blast lung injury (BLI) is the most common fatal blast injury induced by overpressure wave in the events of terrorist attack, gas and underground explosion. Our previous work revealed the characteristics of inflammationrelated key proteins involved in BLI, including those regulating inflammatory response, leukocyte transendothelial migration, phagocytosis, and immune process. However, the molecular characteristics of oxidative-related proteins in BLI ar still lacking. Methods: In this study, protein expression profiling of the blast lungs obtained by tandem mass tag (TMT) spectrometry quantitative proteomics were re-analyzed to identify the characteristics of oxidative-related key proteins. Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups: control, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 1 w after blast exposure. The differential protein expression was identified by bioinformatics analysis and verified by western blotting. Results: The results demonstrated that thoracic blast exposure induced reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation in the lungs. Analysis of global proteins and oxidative-related proteomes showed that 62, 59, 73, 69, 27 proteins (accounted for 204 distinct proteins) were identified to be associated with oxidative stress at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 1 week after blast exposure, respectively. These 204 distinct proteins were mainly enriched in response to oxidative stress, oxidation-reduction process and lipid metabolic process. We also validated these results by western blotting. Conclusions: These findings provided new perspectives on blast-induced oxidative injury in lung, which may potentially benefit the development of future treatment of BLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifang Cong
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Changci Tong
- Shuren International College, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shun Mao
- Shuren International College, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiuyun Shi
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern theatre command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern theatre command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Shuren International College, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongxu Jin
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern theatre command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yunen Liu
- Shuren International College, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mingxiao Hou
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Shuren International College, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, The Veterans General Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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14
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Sun M, Baker TL, Wilson CT, Brady RD, Mychasiuk R, Yamakawa GR, Vo A, Wilson T, McDonald SJ, Shultz SR. Treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor-A worsens cognitive recovery in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:937350. [PMID: 36385769 PMCID: PMC9643175 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.937350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common and unmet clinical issue, with limited treatments available to improve recovery. The cerebrovascular system is vital to provide oxygen and nutrition to the brain, and a growing body of research indicates that cerebrovascular injury contributes to mTBI symptomatology. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a potent promoter of angiogenesis and an important modulator of vascular health. While indirect evidence suggests that increased bioavailability of VEGF-A may be beneficial after mTBI, the direct therapeutic effects of VEGF-A in this context remains unknown. This study therefore aimed to determine whether intracerebroventricular administration of recombinant VEGF-A could improve recovery from mTBI in a rat model. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: sham + vehicle (VEH), sham + VEGF-A, mTBI + VEH, mTBI + VEGF-A. The mTBI was induced using the lateral impact model, and treatment began at the time of the injury and continued until the end of the study. Rats underwent behavioral testing between days 1 and 10 post-injury, and were euthanized on day 11 for post-mortem analysis. In males, the mTBI + VEGF-A group had significantly worse cognitive recovery in the water maze than all other groups. In females, the VEGF treatment worsened cognitive performance in the water maze regardless of mTBI or sham injury. Analysis of hippocampal tissue found that these cognitive deficits occurred in the presence of gene expression changes related to neuroinflammation and hypoxia in both male and female rats. These findings indicate that the VEGF-A treatment paradigm tested in this study failed to improve mTBI outcomes in either male or female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara L. Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Campbell T. Wilson
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D. Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn R. Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh Vo
- Monash Health Translation Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor Wilson
- Monash Health Translation Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J. McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R. Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Health and Human Services, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
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15
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Localized, time-dependent responses of rat cranial bone to repeated mild traumatic brain injuries. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14175. [PMID: 36050485 PMCID: PMC9437056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is well-established that bone responds dynamically to mechanical loading, the effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on cranial bone composition are unclear. We hypothesized that repeated mTBI (rmTBI) would change the microstructure of cranial bones, without gross skull fractures. To address this, young adult female Piebald Viral Glaxo rats received sham, 1×, 2× or 3× closed-head mTBIs delivered at 24 h intervals, using a weight-drop device custom-built for reproducible impact. Skull bones were collected at 2 or 10 weeks after the final injury/sham procedure, imaged by micro computed tomography and analyzed at predetermined regions of interest. In the interparietal bone, proximal to the injury site, modest increases in bone thickness were observed at 2 weeks, particularly following 2× and 3× mTBI. By 10 weeks, 2× mTBI induced a robust increase in the volume and thickness of the interparietal bone, alongside a corresponding decrease in the volume of marrow cavities in the diploë region. In contrast, neither parietal nor frontal skull samples were affected by rmTBI. Our findings demonstrate time- and location-dependent effects of rmTBI on cranial bone structure, highlighting a need to consider microstructural alterations to cranial bone when assessing the consequences of rmTBI.
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16
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Defining Experimental Variability in Actuator-Driven Closed Head Impact in Rats. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:1187-1202. [PMID: 35994166 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a world-wide health challenge that lacks tools for diagnosis and treatment. There is a need for translational preclinical models to effectively design clinical tools, however, the diversity of models is a barrier to reproducible studies. Actuator-driven closed head impact (AD-CHI) models have translational advantages in replicating the pathophysiological and behavioral outcomes resulting from impact TBI. The main advantages of AD-CHI protocols include versatility of impact parameters such as impact angle, velocity, depth, and dwell time with the ability to interchange tip types, leading to consistent outcomes without the need for craniectomy. Sources of experimental variability within AD-CHI rat models are identified within this review with the aim of supporting further characterization to improve translational value. Primary areas of variability may be attributed to lack of standardization of head stabilization methods, reporting of tip properties, and performance of acute neurological assessments. AD-CHI models were also found to be more prevalently used among pediatric and repeated TBI paradigms. As this model continues to grow in use, establishing the relationships between impact parameters and associated injury outcomes will reduce experimental variability between research groups and encourage meaningful discussions as the community moves towards common data elements.
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17
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Beppi C, Penner M, Straumann D, Bögli SY. A non-invasive biomechanical model of mild TBI in larval zebrafish. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268901. [PMID: 35622781 PMCID: PMC9140253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A mild traumatic brain injury is a neurological dysfunction caused by biomechanical forces transmitted to the brain in physical impacts. The current understanding of the neuropathological cascade resulting in the manifested clinical signs and symptoms is limited due to the absence of sensitive brain imaging methods. Zebrafish are established models for the reproduction and study of neurobiological pathologies. However, all available models mostly recreate moderate-to-severe focal injuries in adult zebrafish. The present work has induced a mild brain trauma in larval zebrafish through a non-invasive biomechanical approach. A custom-made apparatus with a commercially available motor was employed to expose larvae to rapidly decelerating linear movements. The neurophysiological changes following concussion were assessed through behavioural quantifications of startle reflex locomotor distance and habituation metrics. Here we show that the injury was followed, within five minutes, by a transient anxiety state and CNS dysfunction manifested by increased startle responsivity with impaired startle habituation, putatively mirroring the human clinical sign of hypersensitivity to noise. Within a day after the injury, chronic effects arose, as evidenced by an overall reduced responsivity to sensory stimulation (lower amplitude and distance travelled along successive stimuli), reflecting the human post-concussive symptomatology. This study represents a step forward towards the establishment of a parsimonious (simple, less ethically concerning, yet sensitive) animal model of mild TBI. Our behavioural findings mimic aspects of acute and chronic effects of human concussion, which warrant further study at molecular, cellular and circuit levels. While our model opens wide avenues for studying the underlying cellular and molecular pathomechanisms, it also enables high-throughput testing of therapeutic interventions to accelerate post-concussive recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Beppi
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Marco Penner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Straumann
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Yu Bögli
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Chary K, Narvaez O, Salo RA, San Martín Molina I, Tohka J, Aggarwal M, Gröhn O, Sierra A. Microstructural Tissue Changes in a Rat Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:746214. [PMID: 34899158 PMCID: PMC8662623 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.746214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study investigates the potential of diffusion MRI (dMRI), including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), fixel-based analysis (FBA) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), to detect microstructural tissue abnormalities in rats after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The brains of sham-operated and mTBI rats 35 days after lateral fluid percussion injury were imaged ex vivo in a 11.7-T scanner. Voxel-based analyses of DTI-, fixel- and NODDI-based metrics detected extensive tissue changes in directly affected brain areas close to the primary injury, and more importantly, also in distal areas connected to primary injury and indirectly affected by the secondary injury mechanisms. Histology revealed ongoing axonal abnormalities and inflammation, 35 days after the injury, in the brain areas highlighted in the group analyses. Fractional anisotropy (FA), fiber density (FD) and fiber density and fiber bundle cross-section (FDC) showed similar pattern of significant areas throughout the brain; however, FA showed more significant voxels in gray matter areas, while FD and FDC in white matter areas, and orientation dispersion index (ODI) in areas most damage based on histology. Region-of-interest (ROI)-based analyses on dMRI maps and histology in selected brain regions revealed that the changes in MRI parameters could be attributed to both alterations in myelinated fiber bundles and increased cellularity. This study demonstrates that the combination of dMRI methods can provide a more complete insight into the microstructural alterations in white and gray matter after mTBI, which may aid diagnosis and prognosis following a mild brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Chary
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Omar Narvaez
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raimo A. Salo
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Tohka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Manisha Aggarwal
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Olli Gröhn
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alejandra Sierra
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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19
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Wong KR, O'Brien WT, Sun M, Yamakawa G, O'Brien TJ, Mychasiuk R, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ, Brady RD. Serum Neurofilament Light as a Biomarker of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Presence of Concomitant Peripheral Injury. Biomark Insights 2021; 16:11772719211053449. [PMID: 34720579 PMCID: PMC8554541 DOI: 10.1177/11772719211053449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Serum neurofilament light (NfL) is an emerging biomarker of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the effect of peripheral injuries such as long bone fracture and skeletal muscle injury on serum NfL levels is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether serum NfL levels can be used as a biomarker of TBI in the presence of concomitant peripheral injuries. Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to one of four injury groups: polytrauma (muscle crush + fracture + TBI; n = 11); peripheral injuries (muscle crush + fracture + sham-TBI; n = 12); TBI-only (sham-muscle crush + sham-fracture + TBI; n = 13); and triple-sham (n = 7). At 2-days post-injury, serum levels of NfL were quantified using a Simoa HD-X Analyzer. Results: Compared to triple-sham rats, serum NfL concentrations were higher in rats with peripheral injuries-only, TBI-only, and polytrauma. When compared to peripheral injury-only rats, serum NfL levels were higher in TBI-only and polytrauma rats. No differences were found between TBI-only and polytrauma rats. Conclusion: Serum NfL levels did not differ between TBI-only and polytrauma rats, indicating that significant peripheral injuries did not affect the sensitivity and specificity of serum NfL as a biomarker of moderate TBI. However, the finding of elevated serum NfL levels in rats with peripheral injuries in the absence of a TBI suggests that the presence of such injuries may limit the utility of NfL as a biomarker of less severe TBI (eg, concussion).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker Rui Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - William T O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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20
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Rahman MH, Bajgai J, Fadriquela A, Sharma S, Trinh TT, Akter R, Jeong YJ, Goh SH, Kim CS, Lee KJ. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders and Their Future Prospects and Challenges. Molecules 2021; 26:5327. [PMID: 34500759 PMCID: PMC8433718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products derived from plants, as well as their bioactive compounds, have been extensively studied in recent years for their therapeutic potential in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's (AD), Huntington's (HD), and Parkinson's (PD) disease. These diseases are characterized by progressive dysfunction and loss of neuronal structure and function. There has been little progress in designing efficient treatments, despite impressive breakthroughs in our understanding of NDs. In the prevention and therapy of NDs, the use of natural products may provide great potential opportunities; however, many clinical issues have emerged regarding their use, primarily based on the lack of scientific support or proof of their effectiveness and patient safety. Since neurodegeneration is associated with a myriad of pathological processes, targeting multi-mechanisms of action and neuroprotection approaches that include preventing cell death and restoring the function of damaged neurons should be employed. In the treatment of NDs, including AD and PD, natural products have emerged as potential neuroprotective agents. This current review will highlight the therapeutic potential of numerous natural products and their bioactive compounds thatexert neuroprotective effects on the pathologies of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Johny Bajgai
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Ailyn Fadriquela
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Subham Sharma
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Thuy Thi Trinh
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Yun Ju Jeong
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Seong Hoon Goh
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea; (M.H.R.); (J.B.); (S.S.); (T.T.T.); (Y.J.J.); (S.H.G.); (C.-S.K.)
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21
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Scrimgeour AG, Condlin ML, Loban A, DeMar JC. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin D Decrease Plasma T-Tau, GFAP, and UCH-L1 in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Nutr 2021; 8:685220. [PMID: 34150829 PMCID: PMC8211733 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.685220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in neuronal, axonal and glial damage. Interventions targeting neuroinflammation to enhance recovery from TBI are needed. Exercise is known to improve cognitive function in TBI patients. Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D reportedly reduce inflammation, and in combination, might improve TBI outcomes. This study examined how an anti-inflammatory diet affected plasma TBI biomarkers, voluntary exercise and behaviors following exposure to mild TBI (mTBI). Adult, male rats were individually housed in cages fitted with running wheels and daily running distance was recorded throughout the study. A modified weight drop method induced mTBI, and during 30 days post-injury, rats were fed diets supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D3 (AIDM diet), or non-supplemented AIN-76A diets (CON diet). Behavioral tests were periodically conducted to assess functional deficits. Plasma levels of Total tau (T-tau), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) and neurofilament light chain (NF-L) were measured at 48 h, 14 days, and 30 days post-injury. Fatty acid composition of food, plasma, and brain tissues was determined. In rats exposed to mTBI, NF-L levels were significantly elevated at 48 h post-injury (P < 0.005), and decreased to levels seen in uninjured rats by 14 days post-injury. T-tau, GFAP, and UCH-L1 plasma levels did not change at 48 h or 14 days post-injury. However, at 30 days post-injury, T-tau, GFAP and UCH-L1 all significantly increased in rats exposed to mTBI and fed CON diets (P < 0.005), but not in rats fed AIDM diets. Behavioral tests conducted post-injury showed that exercise counteracted cognitive deficits associated with mTBI. The AIDM diets significantly increased docosahexaenoic acid levels in plasma and brain tissue (P < 0.05), and in serum levels of vitamin D (P < 0.05). The temporal response of the four injury biomarkers examined is consistent with studies by others demonstrating acute and chronic neural tissue damage following exposure to TBI. The anti-inflammatory diet significantly altered the temporal profiles of plasma T-tau, GFAP, and UCH-L1 following mTBI. Voluntary exercise protected against mTBI-induced cognitive deficits, but had no impact on plasma levels of neurotrauma biomarkers. Thus, the prophylactic effect of exercise, when combined with an anti-inflammatory diet, may facilitate recovery in patients with mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus G Scrimgeour
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Michelle L Condlin
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Andrei Loban
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - James C DeMar
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
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22
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O'Brien WT, Pham L, Brady RD, Bain J, Yamakawa GR, Sun M, Mychasiuk R, O'Brien TJ, Monif M, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ. Temporal profile and utility of serum neurofilament light in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113698. [PMID: 33727100 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is a widely recognized need for blood biomarkers to assist clinical decisions surrounding mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Serum neurofilament light (NfL), an indicator of neuroaxonal damage, is one such candidate, with early mTBI clinical investigations demonstrating significant promise. To facilitate the translation of pre-clinical mTBI findings, clinically relevant outcomes should be integrated into animal studies wherever possible. Despite this, the temporal profile and potential utility of NfL as a blood biomarker in pre-clinical mTBI is poorly understood. Here, we quantified serum NfL at 2-h, 1-, 3-, 7- and 14-days following mTBI in rats and compared these to pre-injury levels. We also investigated cumulative effects of repeat-mTBI by delivering 0, 1 or 5 mTBIs separated by 24 h. Sensorimotor performance was evaluated with the beam task at 1- and 4-h after mTBI, and serum was collected 1-day after the final procedure. We found that serum NfL levels were substantially elevated at all acute and sub-acute time-points after a single-mTBI, peaked at 1-day, and remained elevated 14-days post-injury. An mTBI dose-dependent effect on serum NfL levels was also observed, with substantially higher NfL levels found at 1-day post repeat-mTBI when compared to single-mTBI and sham-injured rats. Furthermore, NfL levels were found to be greatest in rats with the highest degree of sensorimotor impairment. In conclusion, these findings have described the temporal profile of serum NfL elevations following a single-mTBI in rats, and indicate a profile with some similarities and differences to that seen in the clinical condition. Moreover, we found that serum NfL levels were potentiated by repeat-mTBI, and that this biomarker may have utility as an indicator of injury severity. As such, future pre-clinical TBI studies may benefit from incorporating measures of serum NfL as an objective injury outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Louise Pham
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Science Drive, Bundoora 3086, Australia.
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, 4(th) Floor Clinical Sciences Building, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Royal Parade, Parkville 3050, Australia.
| | - Jesse Bain
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville 3050, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville 3050, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne 3004, Australia; Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Level 8 North Wing, Medical Building, Parkville 3050, Australia.
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, 4(th) Floor Clinical Sciences Building, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Royal Parade, Parkville 3050, Australia.
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, 3004 Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Science Drive, Bundoora 3086, Australia.
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23
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Liu Y, Fu H, Wu Y, Nie B, Liu F, Wang T, Xiao W, Yang S, Kan M, Fan L. Elamipretide (SS-31) Improves Functional Connectivity in Hippocampus and Other Related Regions Following Prolonged Neuroinflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Aged Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:600484. [PMID: 33732135 PMCID: PMC7956963 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.600484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been recognized as a major cause for neurocognitive diseases. Although the hippocampus has been considered an important region for cognitive dysfunction, the influence of hippocampal neuroinflammation on brain functional connectivity (FC) has been rarely studied. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation in the aged rat brain, while elamipretide (SS-31) was used for treatment. Systemic and hippocampal inflammation were determined using ELISA, while astrocyte responses during hippocampal neuroinflammation were determined by interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β)/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) double staining immunofluorescence. Oxidative stress was determined by reactive oxidative species (ROS), electron transport chain (ETC) complex, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Short- (<7 days) and long-term (>30 days) learning and spatial working memory were tested by the Morris water maze (MWM). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was used to analyze the brain FC by placing seed voxels on the left and right hippocampus. Compared with the vehicle group, rats with the LPS exposure showed an impaired MWM performance, higher oxidative stress, higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, and astrocyte activation in the hippocampus. The neuroimaging examination showed decreased FC on the right orbital cortex, right olfactory bulb, and left hippocampus on day 3, 7, and 31, respectively, after treatment. In contrast, rats with SS-31 treatment showed lower levels of inflammatory cytokines, less astrocyte activation in the hippocampus, and improved MWM performance. Neuroimaging examination showed increased FC on the left-parietal association cortex (L-PAC), left sensory cortex, and left motor cortex on day 7 with the right flocculonodular lobe on day 31 as compared with those without SS-31 treatment. Our study demonstrated that inhibiting neuroinflammation in the hippocampus not only reduces inflammatory responses in the hippocampus but also improves the brain FC in regions related to the hippocampus. Furthermore, early anti-inflammatory treatment with SS-31 has a long-lasting effect on reducing the impact of LPS-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqun Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Nie
- Institue of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Minhui Kan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Long Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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24
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McDonald SJ, O'Brien WT, Symons GF, Chen Z, Bain J, Major BP, Costello D, Yamakawa G, Sun M, Brady RD, Mitra B, Mychasiuk R, O'Brien TJ, Shultz SR. Prolonged elevation of serum neurofilament light after concussion in male Australian football players. Biomark Res 2021; 9:4. [PMID: 33422120 PMCID: PMC7797141 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers that can objectively guide the diagnosis of sports-related concussion, and consequent return-to-play decisions, are urgently needed. In this study, we aimed to determine the temporal profile and diagnostic ability of serum levels of neurofilament light (NfL), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and tau in concussed male and female Australian footballers. Methods Blood was collected from 28 Australian rules footballers (20 males, 8 females) at 2-, 6-, and 13-days after a diagnosed concussion for comparison to their levels at baseline (i.e. pre-season), and with 27 control players (19 males, 8 females) without a diagnosis of concussion. Serum concentrations of protein markers associated with damage to neurons (UCHL1), axons (NfL, tau), and astrocytes (GFAP) were quantified using a Simoa HD-X Analyzer. Biomarker levels for concussed players were compared over time and between sex using generalised linear mixed effect models, and diagnostic performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis. Results Serum NfL was increased from baseline in male footballers at 6- and 13-days post-concussion. GFAP and tau were increased in male footballers with concussion at 2- and 13-days respectively. NfL concentrations discriminated between concussed and non-concussed male footballers at all time-points (AUROC: 2d = 0.73, 6d = 0.85, 13d = 0.79), with tau also demonstrating utility at 13d (AUROC = 0.72). No biomarker differences were observed in female footballers after concussion. Conclusions Serum NfL may be a useful biomarker for the acute and sub-acute diagnosis of concussion in males, and could inform neurobiological recovery and return-to-play decisions. Future adequately powered studies are still needed to investigate biomarker changes in concussed females. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40364-020-00256-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - William T O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Georgia F Symons
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Clinical Epidemiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesse Bain
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendan P Major
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Costello
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Biswadev Mitra
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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