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Dwivedi R, Kaushik M, Tripathi M, Dada R, Tiwari P. Unraveling the genetic basis of epilepsy: Recent advances and implications for diagnosis and treatment. Brain Res 2024; 1843:149120. [PMID: 39032529 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy, affecting approximately 1% of the global population, manifests as recurring seizures and is heavily influenced by genetic factors. Recent advancements in genetic technologies have revolutionized our understanding of epilepsy's genetic landscape. Key studies, such as the discovery of mutations in ion channels (e.g., SCN1A and SCN2A), neurotransmitter receptors (e.g., GABRA1), and synaptic proteins (e.g., SYNGAP1, KCNQ2), have illuminated critical pathways underlying epilepsy susceptibility and pathogenesis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified specific genetic variations linked to epilepsy risk, such as variants near SCN1A and PCDH7, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and enabling personalized treatment strategies. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation (e.g., MBD5), histone modifications (e.g., HDACs), and non-coding RNAs (e.g., miR-134), play pivotal roles in altering gene expression and synaptic plasticity, contributing to epileptogenesis. These discoveries offer promising avenues for therapeutic interventions aimed at improving outcomes for epilepsy patients. Genetic testing has become essential in clinical practice, facilitating precise diagnosis and tailored management approaches based on individual genetic profiles. Furthermore, insights into epigenetic regulation suggest novel therapeutic targets for developing more effective epilepsy treatments. In summary, this review highlights significant progress in understanding the genetic and epigenetic foundations of epilepsy. By integrating findings from key studies and specifying genes involved in epigenetic modifications, we underscore the potential for advanced therapeutic strategies in this complex neurological disorder, emphasizing the importance of personalized medicine approaches in epilepsy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Dwivedi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Meenakshi Kaushik
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Prabhakar Tiwari
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
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2
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Harnett A, Mathoux J, Wilson MM, Heiland M, Mamad O, Srinivas S, Sanfeliu A, Sanz-Rodriguez A, How KLE, Delanty N, Cryan J, Brett FM, Farrell MA, O'Brien DF, Henshall DC, Brennan GP. Impact of JQ1 treatment on seizures, hippocampal gene expression, and gliosis in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39149798 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterised by recurrent seizures with complex aetiology. Temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form in adults, can be acquired following brain insults including trauma, stroke, infection or sustained status epilepticus. The mechanisms that give rise to the formation and maintenance of hyperexcitable networks following acquired insults remain unknown, yet an extensive body of literature points towards persistent gene and epigenomic dysregulation as a potential mediator of this dysfunction. While much is known about the function of specific classes of epigenetic regulators (writers and erasers) in epilepsy, much less is known about the enzymes, which read the epigenome and modulate gene expression accordingly. Here, we explore the potential role for the epigenetic reader bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins in epilepsy. Using the intra-amygdala kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy, we initially identified widespread dysregulation of important epigenetic regulators including EZH2 and REST as well as altered BRD4 expression in chronically epileptic mice. BRD4 activity was also notably affected by epilepsy-provoking insults as seen by elevated binding to and transcriptional regulation of the immediate early gene Fos. Despite influencing early aspects of epileptogenesis, blocking BET protein activity with JQ1 had no overt effects on epilepsy development in mice but did alter glial reactivity and influence gene expression patterns, promoting various neurotransmitter signalling mechanisms and inflammatory pathways in the hippocampus. Together, these results confirm that epigenetic reader activity is affected by epilepsy-provoking brain insults and that BET activity may exert cell-specific actions on inflammation in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Harnett
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justine Mathoux
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marc-Michel Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mona Heiland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Omar Mamad
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sujithra Srinivas
- FutureNeuro Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Albert Sanfeliu
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amaya Sanz-Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kelvin Lau E How
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Norman Delanty
- FutureNeuro Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary P Brennan
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Huang Y, Wang Q, Liu X, Du W, Hao Z, Wang Y. Transcriptional Signatures of a Dynamic Epilepsy Process Reveal Potential Immune Regulation. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3384-3396. [PMID: 37989981 PMCID: PMC11087345 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a progression of development and advancement over time. However, the molecular features of epilepsy were poorly studied from a dynamic developmental perspective. We intend to investigate the key mechanisms in the process of epilepsy by exploring the roles of stage-specifically expressed genes. By using time-course transcriptomic data of epileptic samples, we first analyzed the molecular features of epilepsy in different stages and divided it into progression and remission stages based on their transcriptomic features. 34 stage-specifically expressed genes were then identified by the Tau index and verified in other epileptic datasets. These genes were then enriched for immune-related biological functions. Furthermore, we found that the level of immune infiltration and mechanisms at different stages were different, which may result from different types of immune cells playing leading roles in distinct stages. Our findings indicated an essential role of immune regulation as the potential mechanism of epilepsy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanruo Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Hao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao K, Li Y, Lai H, Niu R, Li H, He S, Su Z, Gui Y, Ren L, Yang X, Zhou L. Alterations in HCN1 expression and distribution during epileptogenesis in rats. Epilepsy Res 2024; 202:107355. [PMID: 38555654 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel (HCN1) is predominantly located in key regions associated with epilepsy, such as the neocortex and hippocampus. Under normal physiological conditions, HCN1 plays a crucial role in the excitatory and inhibitory regulation of neuronal networks. In temporal lobe epilepsy, the expression of HCN1 is decreased in the hippocampi of both animal models and patients. However, whether HCN1 expression changes during epileptogenesis preceding spontaneous seizures remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether the expression of HCN1 is altered during the epileptic prodromal phase, thereby providing evidence for its role in epileptogenesis. METHODS We utilized a cobalt wire-induced rat epilepsy model to observe changes in HCN1 during epileptogenesis and epilepsy. Additionally, we also compared HCN1 alterations in epileptogenic tissues between cobalt wire- and pilocarpine-induced epilepsy rat models. Long-term video EEG recordings were used to confirm seizures development. Transcriptional changes, translation, and distribution of HCN1 were assessed using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, total protein extraction, membrane and cytoplasmic protein fractionation, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence techniques. RESULTS In the cobalt wire-induced rat epilepsy model during the epileptogenesis phase, total HCN1 mRNA and protein levels were downregulated. Specifically, the membrane expression of HCN1 was decreased, whereas cytoplasmic HCN1 expression showed no significant change. The distribution of HCN1 in the distal dendrites of neurons decreased. During the epilepsy period, similar HCN1 alterations were observed in the neocortex of rats with cobalt wire-induced epilepsy and hippocampus of rats with lithium pilocarpine-induced epilepsy, including downregulation of mRNA levels, decreased total protein expression, decreased membrane expression, and decreased distal dendrite expression. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in HCN1 expression and distribution are involved in epileptogenesis beyond their association with seizure occurrence. Similarities in HCN1 alterations observed in epileptogenesis-related tissues from different models suggest a shared pathophysiological pathway in epileptogenesis involving HCN1 dysregulation. Therefore, the upregulation of HCN1 expression in neurons, maintenance of the HCN1 membrane, and distal dendrite distribution in neurons may represent promising disease-modifying strategies in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinchao Li
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Ruili Niu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huifeng Li
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shipei He
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Su
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Gui
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijie Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | | | - Liemin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Pease M, Gupta K, Moshé SL, Correa DJ, Galanopoulou AS, Okonkwo DO, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Shutter L, Diaz-Arrastia R, Castellano JF. Insights into epileptogenesis from post-traumatic epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:298-312. [PMID: 38570704 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) accounts for 5% of all epilepsies. The incidence of PTE after traumatic brain injury (TBI) depends on the severity of injury, approaching one in three in groups with the most severe injuries. The repeated seizures that characterize PTE impair neurological recovery and increase the risk of poor outcomes after TBI. Given this high risk of recurrent seizures and the relatively short latency period for their development after injury, PTE serves as a model disease to understand human epileptogenesis and trial novel anti-epileptogenic therapies. Epileptogenesis is the process whereby previously normal brain tissue becomes prone to recurrent abnormal electrical activity, ultimately resulting in seizures. In this Review, we describe the clinical course of PTE and highlight promising research into epileptogenesis and treatment using animal models of PTE. Clinical, imaging, EEG and fluid biomarkers are being developed to aid the identification of patients at high risk of PTE who might benefit from anti-epileptogenic therapies. Studies in preclinical models of PTE have identified tractable pathways and novel therapeutic strategies that can potentially prevent epilepsy, which remain to be validated in humans. In addition to improving outcomes after TBI, advances in PTE research are likely to provide therapeutic insights that are relevant to all epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pease
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Kunal Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Solomon L Moshé
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Correa
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aristea S Galanopoulou
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David O Okonkwo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Lori Shutter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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6
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Lo Piccolo L, Yeewa R, Pohsa S, Yamsri T, Calovi D, Phetcharaburanin J, Suksawat M, Kulthawatsiri T, Shotelersuk V, Jantrapirom S. FAME4-associating YEATS2 knockdown impairs dopaminergic synaptic integrity and leads to seizure-like behaviours in Drosophila melanogaster. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 233:102558. [PMID: 38128822 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Familial adult myoclonus epilepsy (FAME) is a neurological disorder caused by a TTTTA/TTTCA intronic repeat expansion. FAME4 is one of the six types of FAME that results from the repeat expansion in the first intron of the gene YEATS2. Although the RNA toxicity is believed to be the primary mechanism underlying FAME, the role of genes where repeat expansions reside is still unclear, particularly in the case of YEATS2 in neurons. This study used Drosophila to explore the effects of reducing YEATS2 expression. Two pan-neuronally driven dsDNA were used for knockdown of Drosophila YEATS2 (dYEATS2), and the resulting molecular and behavioural outcomes were evaluated. Drosophila with reduced dYEATS2 expression exhibited decreased tolerance to acute stress, disturbed locomotion, abnormal social behaviour, and decreased motivated activity. Additionally, reducing dYEATS2 expression negatively affected tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression, resulting in decreased dopamine biosynthesis. Remarkably, seizure-like behaviours induced by knocking down dYEATS2 were rescued by the administration of L-DOPA. This study reveals a novel role of YEATS2 in neurons in regulating acute stress responses, locomotion, and complex behaviours, and suggests that haploinsufficiency of YEATS2 may play a role in FAME4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lo Piccolo
- Centre of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ranchana Yeewa
- Centre of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sureena Pohsa
- Centre of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Titaree Yamsri
- Centre of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Daniel Calovi
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- International Phenome Laboratory, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Manida Suksawat
- International Phenome Laboratory, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Kulthawatsiri
- International Phenome Laboratory, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Centre of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Excellence Centre for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Salinee Jantrapirom
- Drosophila Centre for Human Diseases and Drug Discovery (DHD), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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7
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Boleti APDA, Cardoso PHDO, Frihling BEF, de Moraes LFRN, Nunes EAC, Mukoyama LTH, Nunes EAC, Carvalho CME, Macedo MLR, Migliolo L. Pathophysiology to Risk Factor and Therapeutics to Treatment Strategies on Epilepsy. Brain Sci 2024; 14:71. [PMID: 38248286 PMCID: PMC10813806 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy represents a condition in which abnormal neuronal discharges or the hyperexcitability of neurons occur with synchronicity, presenting a significant public health challenge. Prognostic factors, such as etiology, electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities, the type and number of seizures before treatment, as well as the initial unsatisfactory effects of medications, are important considerations. Although there are several third-generation antiepileptic drugs currently available, their multiple side effects can negatively affect patient quality of life. The inheritance and etiology of epilepsy are complex, involving multiple underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Different neurotransmitters play crucial roles in maintaining the normal physiology of different neurons. Dysregulations in neurotransmission, due to abnormal transmitter levels or changes in their receptors, can result in seizures. In this review, we address the roles played by various neurotransmitters and their receptors in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Furthermore, we extensively explore the neurological mechanisms involved in the development and progression of epilepsy, along with its risk factors. Furthermore, we highlight the new therapeutic targets, along with pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies currently employed in the treatment of epileptic syndromes, including drug interventions employed in clinical trials related to epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula de Araújo Boleti
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil; (A.P.d.A.B.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (B.E.F.F.); (L.F.R.N.d.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (L.T.H.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (C.M.E.C.)
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e Suas Funções Biológicas, Unidade de Tecnologia de Alimentos e da Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil; (A.P.d.A.B.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (B.E.F.F.); (L.F.R.N.d.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (L.T.H.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (C.M.E.C.)
| | - Breno Emanuel Farias Frihling
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil; (A.P.d.A.B.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (B.E.F.F.); (L.F.R.N.d.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (L.T.H.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (C.M.E.C.)
| | - Luiz Filipe Ramalho Nunes de Moraes
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil; (A.P.d.A.B.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (B.E.F.F.); (L.F.R.N.d.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (L.T.H.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (C.M.E.C.)
| | - Ellynes Amancio Correia Nunes
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil; (A.P.d.A.B.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (B.E.F.F.); (L.F.R.N.d.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (L.T.H.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (C.M.E.C.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Lincoln Takashi Hota Mukoyama
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil; (A.P.d.A.B.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (B.E.F.F.); (L.F.R.N.d.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (L.T.H.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (C.M.E.C.)
| | - Ellydberto Amancio Correia Nunes
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil; (A.P.d.A.B.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (B.E.F.F.); (L.F.R.N.d.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (L.T.H.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (C.M.E.C.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Marcelo Espinola Carvalho
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil; (A.P.d.A.B.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (B.E.F.F.); (L.F.R.N.d.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (L.T.H.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (C.M.E.C.)
| | - Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e Suas Funções Biológicas, Unidade de Tecnologia de Alimentos e da Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil; (A.P.d.A.B.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (B.E.F.F.); (L.F.R.N.d.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (L.T.H.M.); (E.A.C.N.); (C.M.E.C.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
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8
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Rodrigo Marinowic D, Bottega Pazzin D, Prates da Cunha de Azevedo S, Pinzetta G, Victor Machado de Souza J, Tonon Schneider F, Thor Ramos Previato T, Jean Varella de Oliveira F, Costa Da Costa J. Epileptogenesis and drug-resistant in focal cortical dysplasias: Update on clinical, cellular, and molecular markers. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 150:109565. [PMID: 38070410 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a cortical malformation in brain development and is considered as one of the major causes of drug-resistant epilepsiesin children and adults. The pathogenesis of FCD is yet to be fully understood. Imaging markers such as MRI are currently the surgeons major obstacle due to the difficulty in delimiting the precise dysplasic area and a mosaic brain where there is epileptogenic tissue invisible to MRI. Also increased gene expression and activity may be responsible for the alterations in cell proliferation, migration, growth, and survival. Altered expressions were found, particularly in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Surgery is still considered the most effective treatment option, due to drug-resistance, and up to 60 % of patients experience complete seizure control, varying according to the type and location of FCD. Both genetic and epigenetic factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of FCD, and there is no conclusive evidence whether these alterations are inherited or have an environmental origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodrigo Marinowic
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Douglas Bottega Pazzin
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Giulia Pinzetta
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Victor Machado de Souza
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernando Tonon Schneider
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thales Thor Ramos Previato
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fábio Jean Varella de Oliveira
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaderson Costa Da Costa
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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9
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Soon HR, Gaunt JR, Bansal VA, Lenherr C, Sze SK, Ch’ng TH. Seizure enhances SUMOylation and zinc-finger transcriptional repression in neuronal nuclei. iScience 2023; 26:107707. [PMID: 37694138 PMCID: PMC10483055 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A single episode of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus can trigger the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures in a rodent model for epilepsy. The initial seizure-induced events in neuronal nuclei that lead to long-term changes in gene expression and cellular responses likely contribute toward epileptogenesis. Using a transgenic mouse model to specifically isolate excitatory neuronal nuclei, we profiled the seizure-induced nuclear proteome via tandem mass tag mass spectrometry and observed robust enrichment of nuclear proteins associated with the SUMOylation pathway. In parallel with nuclear proteome, we characterized nuclear gene expression by RNA sequencing which provided insights into seizure-driven transcriptional regulation and dynamics. Strikingly, we saw widespread downregulation of zinc-finger transcription factors, specifically proteins that harbor Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) domains. Our results provide a detailed snapshot of nuclear events induced by seizure activity and demonstrate a robust method for cell-type-specific nuclear profiling that can be applied to other cell types and models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Rong Soon
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636551, Singapore
| | - Jessica Ruth Gaunt
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Vibhavari Aysha Bansal
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Clara Lenherr
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Centre for Discovery Brain Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catherines, ON, Canada
| | - Toh Hean Ch’ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636551, Singapore
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10
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Gu J, Ke P, Guo H, Liu J, Liu Y, Tian X, Huang Z, Xu X, Xu D, Ma Y, Wang X, Xiao F. KCTD13-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of GluN1 regulates excitatory synaptic transmission and seizure susceptibility. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1726-1741. [PMID: 37142655 PMCID: PMC10307852 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common and severe form of epilepsy in adults; however, its underlying pathomechanisms remain elusive. Dysregulation of ubiquitination is increasingly recognized to contribute to the development and maintenance of epilepsy. Herein, we observed for the first time that potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 13 (KCTD13) protein, a substrate-specific adapter for cullin3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase, was markedly down-regulated in the brain tissue of patients with TLE. In a TLE mouse model, the protein expression of KCTD13 dynamically changed during epileptogenesis. Knockdown of KCTD13 in the mouse hippocampus significantly enhanced seizure susceptibility and severity, whereas overexpression of KCTD13 showed the opposite effect. Mechanistically, GluN1, an obligatory subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs), was identified as a potential substrate protein of KCTD13. Further investigation revealed that KCTD13 facilitates lysine-48-linked polyubiquitination of GluN1 and its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Besides, the lysine residue 860 of GluN1 is the main ubiquitin site. Importantly, dysregulation of KCTD13 affected membrane expression of glutamate receptors and impaired glutamate synaptic transmission. Systemic administration of the NMDAR inhibitor memantine significantly rescued the epileptic phenotype aggravated by KCTD13 knockdown. In conclusion, our results demonstrated an unrecognized pathway of KCTD13-GluN1 in epilepsy, suggesting KCTD13 as a potential neuroprotective therapeutic target for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Pingyang Ke
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haokun Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Demei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuanlin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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11
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Ng R, Kalinousky A, Harris J. Epigenetics of cognition and behavior: insights from Mendelian disorders of epigenetic machinery. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:16. [PMID: 37245029 PMCID: PMC10224589 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics, one mechanism by which gene expression can change without any changes to the DNA sequence, was described nearly a century ago. However, the importance of epigenetic processes to neurodevelopment and higher order neurological functions like cognition and behavior is only now being realized. A group of disorders known as the Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery are caused by the altered function of epigenetic machinery proteins, which consequently affects downstream expression of many genes. These disorders almost universally have cognitive dysfunction and behavioral issues as core features. Here, we review what is known about the neurodevelopmental phenotypes of some key examples of these disorders divided into categories based on the underlying function of the affected protein. Understanding these Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery can illuminate the role of epigenetic regulation in typical brain function and can lead to future therapies and better management for a host of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Ng
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allison Kalinousky
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline Harris
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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12
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DNA Methylation Description of Hippocampus, Cortex, Amygdala, and Blood of Drug-Resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2070-2085. [PMID: 36602701 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation were observed in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (DR-TLE), a disease that affects 25-30% of epilepsy patients. The main objective is to simultaneously describe DNA methylation patterns associated with DR-TLE in hippocampus, amygdala, surrounding cortex to the epileptogenic zone (SCEZ), and peripheral blood. An Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array was performed in 19 DR-TLE patients and 10 postmortem non-epileptic controls. Overall, 32, 59, and 3210 differentially methylated probes (DMPs) were associated with DR-TLE in the hippocampus, amygdala, and SCEZ, respectively. These DMP-affected genes were involved in neurotrophic and calcium signaling in the hippocampus and voltage-gated channels in SCEZ, among others. One of the hippocampus DMPs (cg26834418 (CHORDC1)) showed a strong blood-brain correlation with BECon and IMAGE-CpG, suggesting that it could be a potential surrogate peripheral biomarker of DR-TLE. Moreover, in three of the top SCEZ's DMPs (SHANK3, SBF1, and MCF2L), methylation status was verified with methylation-specific qPCR. The differentially methylated CpGs were classified in DMRs: 2 in the hippocampus, 12 in the amygdala, and 531 in the SCEZ. We identified genes that had not been associated to DR-TLE so far such as TBX5, EXOC7, and WRHN. The area with more DMPs associated with DR-TLE was the SCEZ, some of them related to voltage-gated channels. The DMPs found in the amygdala were involved in inflammatory processes. We also found a potential surrogate peripheral biomarker of DR-TLE. Thus, these results provide new insights into epigenetic modifications involved in DR-TLE.
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13
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Li J, Keller SS, Seidlitz J, Chen H, Li B, Weng Y, Meng Y, Yang S, Xu Q, Zhang Q, Yang F, Lu G, Bernhardt BC, Zhang Z, Liao W. Cortical morphometric vulnerability to generalised epilepsy reflects chromosome- and cell type-specific transcriptomic signatures. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12857. [PMID: 36278258 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Generalised epilepsy is thought to involve distributed brain networks. However, the molecular and cellular factors that render different brain regions more vulnerable to epileptogenesis remain largely unknown. We aimed to investigate epilepsy-related morphometric similarity network (MSN) abnormalities at the macroscale level and their relationships with microscale gene expressions at the microscale level. METHODS We compared the MSN of genetic generalised epilepsy with generalised tonic-clonic seizure patients (GGE-GTCS, n = 101) to demographically matched healthy controls (HC, n = 150). Cortical MSNs were estimated by combining seven morphometric features derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging for each individual. Regional gene expression profiles were derived from brain-wide microarray measurements provided by the Allen Human Brain Atlas. RESULTS GGE-GTCS patients exhibited decreased regional MSNs in primary motor, prefrontal and temporal regions and increases in occipital, insular and posterior cingulate cortices, when compared with the HC. These case-control neuroimaging differences were validated using split-half analyses and were not affected by medication or drug response effects. When assessing associations with gene expression, genes associated with GGE-GTCS-related MSN differences were enriched in several biological processes, including 'synapse organisation', 'neurotransmitter transport' pathways and excitatory/inhibitory neuronal cell types. Collectively, the GGE-GTCS-related cortical vulnerabilities were associated with chromosomes 4, 5, 11 and 16 and were dispersed bottom-up at the cellular, pathway and disease levels, which contributed to epileptogenesis, suggesting diverse neurobiologically relevant enrichments in GGE-GTCS. CONCLUSIONS By bridging the gaps between transcriptional signatures and in vivo neuroimaging, we highlighted the importance of using MSN abnormalities of the human brain in GGE-GTCS patients to investigate disease-relevant genes and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Simon S Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Weng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yao Meng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Siqi Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qirui Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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14
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Zhang Y, Gao X, Bai X, Yao S, Chang YZ, Gao G. The emerging role of furin in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:39. [PMID: 35996194 PMCID: PMC9395820 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Furin is an important mammalian proprotein convertase that catalyzes the proteolytic maturation of a variety of prohormones and proproteins in the secretory pathway. In the brain, the substrates of furin include the proproteins of growth factors, receptors and enzymes. Emerging evidence, such as reduced FURIN mRNA expression in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients or schizophrenia patients, has implicated a crucial role of furin in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Currently, compared to cancer and infectious diseases, the aberrant expression of furin and its pharmaceutical potentials in neurological diseases remain poorly understood. In this article, we provide an overview on the physiological roles of furin and its substrates in the brain, summarize the deregulation of furin expression and its effects in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, and discuss the implications and current approaches that target furin for therapeutic interventions. This review may expedite future studies to clarify the molecular mechanisms of furin deregulation and involvement in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, and to develop new diagnosis and treatment strategies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xiaoqin Gao
- Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050027, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Shanshan Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Guofen Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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15
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Oliveira MET, Paulino GVB, Dos Santos Júnior ED, da Silva Oliveira FA, Melo VMM, Ursulino JS, de Aquino TM, Shetty AK, Landell MF, Gitaí DLG. Multi-omic Analysis of the Gut Microbiome in Rats with Lithium-Pilocarpine-Induced Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6429-6446. [PMID: 35962889 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supports that the gut microbiota and bacteria-dependent metabolites influence the maintenance of epileptic brain activity. However, the alterations in the gut microbiota between epileptic versus healthy individuals are poorly understood. We used a multi-omic approach to evaluate the changes in the composition of gut metagenome as well in the fecal metabolomic profile in rats before and after being submitted to status epilepticus (SE)-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing of fecal samples coupled to bioinformatic analysis revealed taxonomic, compositional, and functional shifts in epileptic rats. The species richness (Chao1 index) was significantly lower in the post-TLE group, and the β-diversity analysis revealed clustering separated from the pre-TLE group. The taxonomic abundance analysis showed a significant increase of phylum Desulfobacterota and a decrease of Patescibacteria in the post-TLE group. The DESEq2 and LEfSe analysis resulted in 18 genera significantly enriched between post-TLE and pre-TLE groups at the genus level. We observed that epileptic rats present a peculiar metabolic phenotype, including a lower concentration of D-glucose and L-lactic acid and a higher concentration of L-glutamic acid and glycine. The microbiota-host metabolic correlation analysis showed that the genera differentially abundant in post-TLE rats are associated with the altered metabolites, especially the proinflammatory Desulfovibrio and Marvinbryantia, which were enriched in epileptic animals and positively correlated with these excitatory neurotransmitters and carbohydrate metabolites. Therefore, our data revealed a correlation between dysbacteriosis in epileptic animals and fecal metabolites that are known to be relevant for maintaining epileptic brain activity by enhancing chronic inflammation, an excitatory-inhibitory imbalance, and/or a metabolic disturbance. These data are promising and suggest that targeting the gut microbiota could provide a novel avenue for preventing and treating acquired epilepsy. However, the causal relationship between these microbial/metabolite components and the SRS occurrence still needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda T Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo V B Paulino
- Laboratory of Molecular Diversity (LDM), Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Erivaldo D Dos Santos Júnior
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Francisca A da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology (Lembiotech), Department of Biology, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 909, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Vânia M M Melo
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology (Lembiotech), Department of Biology, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 909, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S Ursulino
- Nucleus of Analysis and Research in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - NAPRMN, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago M de Aquino
- Nucleus of Analysis and Research in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - NAPRMN, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Melissa Fontes Landell
- Laboratory of Molecular Diversity (LDM), Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Leite Góes Gitaí
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil.
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16
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Ketone Bodies and SIRT1, Synergic Epigenetic Regulators for Metabolic Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153145. [PMID: 35956321 PMCID: PMC9370141 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketone bodies (KBs) and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) have received increasing attention over the past two decades given their pivotal function in a variety of biological contexts, including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, inflammation, metabolism, neurological and cardiovascular physiology, and cancer. As a consequence, the modulation of KBs and SIRT1 is considered a promising therapeutic option for many diseases. The direct regulation of gene expression can occur in vivo through histone modifications mediated by both SIRT1 and KBs during fasting or low-carbohydrate diets, and dietary metabolites may contribute to epigenetic regulation, leading to greater genomic plasticity. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the epigenetic interactions between KBs and SIRT1, with a particular glance at their central, synergistic roles for metabolic health.
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17
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Abstract
The brain is a highly energy-demanding organ and requires bioenergetic adaptability to balance normal activity with pathophysiological fuelling of spontaneous recurrent seizures, the hallmark feature of the epilepsies. Recurrent or prolonged seizures have long been known to permanently alter neuronal circuitry and to cause excitotoxic injury and aberrant inflammation. Furthermore, pathological changes in bioenergetics and metabolism are considered downstream consequences of epileptic seizures that begin at the synaptic level. However, as we highlight in this Review, evidence is also emerging that primary derangements in cellular or mitochondrial metabolism can result in seizure genesis and lead to spontaneous recurrent seizures. Basic and translational research indicates that the relationships between brain metabolism and epileptic seizures are complex and bidirectional, producing a vicious cycle that compounds the deleterious consequences of seizures. Metabolism-based treatments such as the high-fat, antiseizure ketogenic diet have become mainstream, and metabolic substrates and enzymes have become attractive molecular targets for seizure prevention and recovery. Moreover, given that metabolism is crucial for epigenetic as well as inflammatory changes, the idea that epileptogenesis can be both negatively and positively influenced by metabolic changes is rapidly gaining ground. Here, we review evidence that supports both pathophysiological and therapeutic roles for brain metabolism in epilepsy.
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18
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Kong FC, Lang LQ, Hu J, Zhang XL, Zhong MK, Ma CL. A novel epigenetic marker, Ten-eleven translocation family member 2 (TET2), is identified in the intractable epileptic brain and regulates ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) in the blood-brain barrier. Bioengineered 2022; 13:6638-6649. [PMID: 35235761 PMCID: PMC8974043 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2045838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is a chronic condition derived from spontaneous changes and regulatory effects in the epileptic brain. As demethylation factors, ten-eleven translocation (TET) family members have become a focus in recent studies of neurological disorders. Here, we quantified and localized TET1, TET2 and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in the temporal lobe cortex of DRE patients (n = 27) and traumatic brain hemorrhage controls (n = 10) by immunochemical staining. TET2 and ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) expression patterns were determined in the isolated brain capillaries of DRE patients. TET2 expression was significantly increased in the temporal cortical tissue of DRE patients with or without hippocampal sclerosis (HS) compared to control patients, while TET1 and 5-hmC showed no differences in expression. We also found that a particularly strong expression of TET2 in the vascular tissue of DRE patients. ABCB1 and TET2 have evidently higher expression in the vascular endothelium from the neocortex of DRE patients. In blood–brain barrier (BBB) model, TET2 depletion can cause attenuated expression and function of ABCB1. Data from a cohort study and experiments in a BBB model suggest that TET2 has a specific regulatory effect on ABCB1, which may serve as a potential mechanism and target in DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Cheng Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qin Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital at Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital at Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia-Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Kang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Lai Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Identification of Novel Gene Variants for Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Lebanese Population Using Whole-Exome Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020186. [PMID: 35205231 PMCID: PMC8871811 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, in which array CGH was used on 19 Lebanese ASD subjects and their parents, we identified rare copy number variants (CNVs) in 14 subjects. The five remaining subjects did not show any CNVs related to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In the present complementary study, we applied whole-exome sequencing (WES), which allows the identification of rare genetic variations such as single nucleotide variations and small insertions/deletions, to the five negative CNV subjects. After stringent filtering of initial data on the five families, three novel genes potentially related to neurodevelopment were identified, including a de novo mutation in the MIS18BP1 gene. In addition, genes already known to be related to ASD contained sequence variations. Our findings outline the potential involvement of the novel de novo mutation in the MIS18BP1 gene in the genetic etiology and pathophysiology of ASD and highlights the genetic complexity of these disorders. Further studies with larger cohorts of subjects are needed to confirm these observations, and functional analyses need to be performed to understand the precise pathophysiology in these cases.
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20
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Cavalcante BRR, Improta-Caria AC, Melo VHD, De Sousa RAL. Exercise-linked consequences on epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:108079. [PMID: 34058490 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is a brain disorder that leads to seizures and neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. Physical inactivity can contribute to worse epilepsy pathophysiology. Here, we review how physical exercise affects epilepsy physiopathology. METHODS An extensive literature search was performed and the mechanisms of physical exercise on epilepsy were discussed. The search was conducted in Scopus and PubMed. Articles with relevant information were included. Only studies written in English were considered. RESULTS The regular practice of physical exercise can be beneficial for individuals with neurodegenerative diseases, such as epilepsy by decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory and stress biomarkers, increasing socialization, and reducing the incidence of epileptic seizures. Physical exercise is also capable of reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety in epilepsy. Physical exercise can also improve cognitive function in epilepsy. The regular practice of physical exercise enhances the levels of brain-derived neuro factor (BDNF) in the hippocampi, induces neurogenesis, inhibits oxidative stress and reactive gliosis, avoids cognitive impairment, and stimulates the production of dopamine in the epileptic brain. CONCLUSION Physical exercise is an excellent non-pharmacological tool that can be used in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physiological Science Multicentric Program, Federal University of Valleyś Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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21
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Mathoux J, Henshall DC, Brennan GP. Regulatory Mechanisms of the RNA Modification m 6A and Significance in Brain Function in Health and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:671932. [PMID: 34093133 PMCID: PMC8170084 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.671932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications have emerged as an additional layer of regulatory complexity governing the function of almost all species of RNA. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the addition of methyl groups to adenine residues, is the most abundant and well understood RNA modification. The current review discusses the regulatory mechanisms governing m6A, how this influences neuronal development and function and how aberrant m6A signaling may contribute to neurological disease. M6A is known to regulate the stability of mRNA, the processing of microRNAs and function/processing of tRNAs among other roles. The development of antibodies against m6A has facilitated the application of next generation sequencing to profile methylated RNAs in both health and disease contexts, revealing the extent of this transcriptomic modification. The mechanisms by which m6A is deposited, processed, and potentially removed are increasingly understood. Writer enzymes include METTL3 and METTL14 while YTHDC1 and YTHDF1 are key reader proteins, which recognize and bind the m6A mark. Finally, FTO and ALKBH5 have been identified as potential erasers of m6A, although there in vivo activity and the dynamic nature of this modification requires further study. M6A is enriched in the brain and has emerged as a key regulator of neuronal activity and function in processes including neurodevelopment, learning and memory, synaptic plasticity, and the stress response. Changes to m6A have recently been linked with Schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease. Elucidating the functional consequences of m6A changes in these and other brain diseases may lead to novel insight into disease pathomechanisms, molecular biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Mathoux
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary P Brennan
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, RCSI, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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