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Zhao M, Chen X, Liu J, Feng Y, Wang C, Xu T, Liu W, Liu X, Liu M, Hou D. Sorl1 knockout inhibits expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor: involvement in the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1602-1607. [PMID: 38051905 PMCID: PMC10883503 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.387975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mingri Zhao
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiangfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yanjin Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wanxi Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xionghao Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mujun Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Deren Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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2
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Tesi N, van der Lee S, Hulsman M, van Schoor NM, Huisman M, Pijnenburg Y, van der Flier WM, Reinders M, Holstege H. Cognitively healthy centenarians are genetically protected against Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3864-3875. [PMID: 38634500 PMCID: PMC11180929 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence increases with age, yet a small fraction of the population reaches ages > 100 years without cognitive decline. We studied the genetic factors associated with such resilience against AD. METHODS Genome-wide association studies identified 86 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AD risk. We estimated SNP frequency in 2281 AD cases, 3165 age-matched controls, and 346 cognitively healthy centenarians. We calculated a polygenic risk score (PRS) for each individual and investigated the functional properties of SNPs enriched/depleted in centenarians. RESULTS Cognitively healthy centenarians were enriched with the protective alleles of the SNPs associated with AD risk. The protective effect concentrated on the alleles in/near ANKH, GRN, TMEM106B, SORT1, PLCG2, RIN3, and APOE genes. This translated to >5-fold lower PRS in centenarians compared to AD cases (P = 7.69 × 10-71), and 2-fold lower compared to age-matched controls (P = 5.83 × 10-17). DISCUSSION Maintaining cognitive health until extreme ages requires complex genetic protection against AD, which concentrates on the genes associated with the endolysosomal and immune systems. HIGHLIGHTS Cognitively healthy cent enarians are enriched with the protective alleles of genetic variants associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The protective effect is concentrated on variants involved in the immune and endolysosomal systems. Combining variants into a polygenic risk score (PRS) translated to > 5-fold lower PRS in centenarians compared to AD cases, and ≈ 2-fold lower compared to middle-aged healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolo’ Tesi
- Delft Bioinformatics LabDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsSection Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and AgingVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sven van der Lee
- Department of Clinical GeneticsSection Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and AgingVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marc Hulsman
- Delft Bioinformatics LabDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsSection Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and AgingVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Natasja M. van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Data SciencesAmsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Mental Health ProgramAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Department of Epidemiology and Data SciencesAmsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Mental Health ProgramAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Yolande Pijnenburg
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data SciencesAmsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marcel Reinders
- Delft Bioinformatics LabDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Henne Holstege
- Delft Bioinformatics LabDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsSection Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and AgingVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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3
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Nelson PT, Fardo DW, Wu X, Aung KZ, Cykowski MD, Katsumata Y. Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE-NC): Co-pathologies and genetic risk factors provide clues about pathogenesis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024; 83:396-415. [PMID: 38613823 PMCID: PMC11110076 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) is detectable at autopsy in more than one-third of people beyond age 85 years and is robustly associated with dementia independent of other pathologies. Although LATE-NC has a large impact on public health, there remain uncertainties about the underlying biologic mechanisms. Here, we review the literature from human studies that may shed light on pathogenetic mechanisms. It is increasingly clear that certain combinations of pathologic changes tend to coexist in aging brains. Although "pure" LATE-NC is not rare, LATE-NC often coexists in the same brains with Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change, brain arteriolosclerosis, hippocampal sclerosis of aging, and/or age-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG). The patterns of pathologic comorbidities provide circumstantial evidence of mechanistic interactions ("synergies") between the pathologies, and also suggest common upstream influences. As to primary mediators of vulnerability to neuropathologic changes, genetics may play key roles. Genes associated with LATE-NC include TMEM106B, GRN, APOE, SORL1, ABCC9, and others. Although the anatomic distribution of TDP-43 pathology defines the condition, important cofactors for LATE-NC may include Tau pathology, endolysosomal pathways, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. A review of the human phenomenology offers insights into disease-driving mechanisms, and may provide clues for diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Department of Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Khine Zin Aung
- Department of Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Matthew D Cykowski
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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4
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Duchateau L, Wawrzyniak N, Sleegers K. The ABC's of Alzheimer risk gene ABCA7. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3629-3648. [PMID: 38556850 PMCID: PMC11095487 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing problem worldwide. Since ABCA7's identification as a risk gene, it has been extensively researched for its role in the disease. We review its recently characterized structure and what the mechanistic insights teach us about its function. We furthermore provide an overview of identified ABCA7 mutations, their presence in different ancestries and protein domains and how they might cause AD. For ABCA7 PTC variants and a VNTR expansion, haploinsufficiency is proposed as the most likely mode-of-action, although splice events could further influence disease risk. Overall, the need to better understand expression of canonical ABCA7 and its isoforms in disease is indicated. Finally, ABCA7's potential functions in lipid metabolism, phagocytosis, amyloid deposition, and the interplay between these three, is described. To conclude, in this review, we provide a comprehensive overview and discussion about the current knowledge on ABCA7 in AD, and what research questions remain. HIGHLIGHTS: Alzheimer's risk-increasing variants in ABCA7 can be found in up to 7% of AD patients. We review the recently characterized protein structure of ABCA7. We present latest insights in genetics, expression patterns, and functions of ABCA7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Duchateau
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease group, VIB‐UAntwerp Center for Molecular NeurologyWilrijkAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkAntwerpBelgium
| | - Nicole Wawrzyniak
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease group, VIB‐UAntwerp Center for Molecular NeurologyWilrijkAntwerpBelgium
- Chávez‐Gutiérrez Lab, VIB‐KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIBLeuvenBelgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease group, VIB‐UAntwerp Center for Molecular NeurologyWilrijkAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkAntwerpBelgium
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5
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Katsumata Y, Fardo DW, Shade LMP, Wu X, Karanth SD, Hohman TJ, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Farfel JM, Gauthreaux K, Mock C, Kukull WA, Abner EL, Nelson PT. Genetic associations with dementia-related proteinopathy: Application of item response theory. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2906-2921. [PMID: 38460116 PMCID: PMC11032554 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although dementia-related proteinopathy has a strong negative impact on public health, and is highly heritable, understanding of the related genetic architecture is incomplete. METHODS We applied multidimensional generalized partial credit modeling (GPCM) to test genetic associations with dementia-related proteinopathies. Data were analyzed to identify candidate single nucleotide variants for the following proteinopathies: Aβ, tau, α-synuclein, and TDP-43. RESULTS Final included data comprised 966 participants with neuropathologic and WGS data. Three continuous latent outcomes were constructed, corresponding to TDP-43-, Aβ/Tau-, and α-synuclein-related neuropathology endophenotype scores. This approach helped validate known genotype/phenotype associations: for example, TMEM106B and GRN were risk alleles for TDP-43 pathology; and GBA for α-synuclein/Lewy bodies. Novel suggestive proteinopathy-linked alleles were also discovered, including several (SDHAF1, TMEM68, and ARHGEF28) with colocalization analyses and/or high degrees of biologic credibility. DISCUSSION A novel methodology using GPCM enabled insights into gene candidates for driving misfolded proteinopathies. HIGHLIGHTS Latent factor scores for proteinopathies were estimated using a generalized partial credit model. The three latent continuous scores corresponded well with proteinopathy severity. Novel genes associated with proteinopathies were identified. Several genes had high degrees of biologic credibility for dementia risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - David W. Fardo
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | | | - Xian Wu
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Shama D. Karanth
- Department of SurgeryCollege of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- UF Health Cancer CenterUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Department of Neurological SciencesRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of PathologyRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Department of Neurological SciencesRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of PathologyRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jose M. Farfel
- Department of PathologyRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Kathryn Gauthreaux
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating CenterDepartment of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Charles Mock
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating CenterDepartment of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Walter A. Kukull
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating CenterDepartment of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Erin L. Abner
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental HealthUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Peter T. Nelson
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of PathologyDivision of NeuropathologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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6
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Fazeli E, Child DD, Bucks SA, Stovarsky M, Edwards G, Rose SE, Yu CE, Latimer C, Kitago Y, Bird T, Jayadev S, Andersen OM, Young JE. A familial missense variant in the Alzheimer's disease gene SORL1 impairs its maturation and endosomal sorting. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:20. [PMID: 38244079 PMCID: PMC10799806 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The SORL1 gene has recently emerged as a strong Alzheimer's Disease (AD) risk gene. Over 500 different variants have been identified in the gene and the contribution of individual variants to AD development and progression is still largely unknown. Here, we describe a family consisting of 2 parents and 5 offspring. Both parents were affected with dementia and one had confirmed AD pathology with an age of onset > 75 years. All offspring were affected with AD with ages at onset ranging from 53 years to 74 years. DNA was available from the parent with confirmed AD and 5 offspring. We identified a coding variant, p.(Arg953Cys), in SORL1 in 5 of 6 individuals affected by AD. Notably, variant carriers had severe AD pathology, and the SORL1 variant segregated with TDP-43 pathology (LATE-NC). We further characterized this variant and show that this Arginine substitution occurs at a critical position in the YWTD-domain of the SORL1 translation product, SORL1. Functional studies further show that the p.R953C variant leads to retention of the SORL1 protein in the endoplasmic reticulum which leads to decreased maturation and shedding of the receptor and prevents its normal endosomal trafficking. Together, our analysis suggests that p.R953C is a pathogenic variant of SORL1 and sheds light on mechanisms of how missense SORL1 variants may lead to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Fazeli
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel D Child
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bucks
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Miki Stovarsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Gabrielle Edwards
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Shannon E Rose
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Caitlin Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Yu Kitago
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Olav M Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Jessica E Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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7
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Veitch DP, Weiner MW, Miller M, Aisen PS, Ashford MA, Beckett LA, Green RC, Harvey D, Jack CR, Jagust W, Landau SM, Morris JC, Nho KT, Nosheny R, Okonkwo O, Perrin RJ, Petersen RC, Rivera Mindt M, Saykin A, Shaw LM, Toga AW, Tosun D. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative in the era of Alzheimer's disease treatment: A review of ADNI studies from 2021 to 2022. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:652-694. [PMID: 37698424 PMCID: PMC10841343 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) aims to improve Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. Since 2006, ADNI has shared clinical, neuroimaging, and cognitive data, and biofluid samples. We used conventional search methods to identify 1459 publications from 2021 to 2022 using ADNI data/samples and reviewed 291 impactful studies. This review details how ADNI studies improved disease progression understanding and clinical trial efficiency. Advances in subject selection, detection of treatment effects, harmonization, and modeling improved clinical trials and plasma biomarkers like phosphorylated tau showed promise for clinical use. Biomarkers of amyloid beta, tau, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and others were prognostic with individualized prediction algorithms available online. Studies supported the amyloid cascade, emphasized the importance of neuroinflammation, and detailed widespread heterogeneity in disease, linked to genetic and vascular risk, co-pathologies, sex, and resilience. Biological subtypes were consistently observed. Generalizability of ADNI results is limited by lack of cohort diversity, an issue ADNI-4 aims to address by enrolling a diverse cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas P. Veitch
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterNorthern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael W. Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Melanie Miller
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterNorthern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paul S. Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Miriam A. Ashford
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterNorthern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Laurel A. Beckett
- Division of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert C. Green
- Division of GeneticsDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBroad Institute Ariadne Labs and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Susan M. Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - John C. Morris
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Kwangsik T. Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Center for Computational Biology and BioinformaticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Rachel Nosheny
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ozioma Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Richard J. Perrin
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Monica Rivera Mindt
- Department of PsychologyLatin American and Latino Studies InstituteAfrican and African American StudiesFordham UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrew Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the PENN Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterCenter for Neurodegenerative ResearchPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro ImagingInstitute of Neuroimaging and InformaticsKeck School of Medicine of University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Duygu Tosun
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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8
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Bano D, Ehninger D, Bagetta G. Decoding metabolic signatures in Alzheimer's disease: a mitochondrial perspective. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:432. [PMID: 38040687 PMCID: PMC10692234 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative diseases and accounts for the majority of dementia cases worldwide. Tremendous ongoing efforts of basic and clinical research have expanded our knowledge on AD and its complex multifactorial pathogenesis. For sporadic AD, it is widely assumed that silent and early symptomatic stages initiate decades before the irreversible decline in cognitive abilities that ultimately lead to debilitating conditions. In addition to amyloid plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles as the most prominent hallmarks of AD lesions within the affected brain areas, we now possess a broader collection of pathological signatures that are associated with AD development and progression. In this regard, there is a substantial body of evidence suggesting that hypometabolism occurs in the brains of individuals at the prodromal stage before dementia is diagnosed, which may reflect an early role of metabolic dysfunction in AD. This perspective surveys the vast literature and critically assesses the current evidence demonstrating a mitochondrial contribution to AD. Additionally, we discuss our interpretations of the reported mitochondrial signatures and consider how altered mitochondrial bioenergetics may be an additional risk factor for AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Dan Ehninger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
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9
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Fazeli E, Child DD, Bucks SA, Stovarsky M, Edwards G, Rose SE, Yu CE, Latimer C, Kitago Y, Bird T, Jayadev S, Andersen OM, Young JE. A familial missense variant in the Alzheimer's Disease gene SORL1 impairs its maturation and endosomal sorting. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.01.547348. [PMID: 37461597 PMCID: PMC10349966 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.01.547348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The SORL1 gene has recently emerged as a strong Alzheimer's Disease (AD) risk gene. Over 500 different variants have been identified in the gene and the contribution of individual variants to AD development and progression is still largely unknown. Here, we describe a family consisting of 2 parents and 5 offspring. Both parents were affected with dementia and one had confirmed AD pathology with an age of onset >75 years. All offspring were affected with AD with ages at onset ranging from 53yrs-74yrs. DNA was available from the parent with confirmed AD and 5 offspring. We identified a coding variant, p.(Arg953Cys), in SORL1 in 5 of 6 individuals affected by AD. Notably, variant carriers had severe AD pathology, and the SORL1 variant segregated with TDP-43 pathology (LATE-NC). We further characterized this variant and show that this Arginine substitution occurs at a critical position in the YWTD-domain of the SORL1 translation product, SORL1. Functional studies further show that the p.R953C variant leads to retention of the SORL1 protein in the endoplasmic reticulum which leads to decreased maturation and shedding of the receptor and prevents its normal endosomal trafficking. Together, our analysis suggests that p.R953C is a pathogenic variant of SORL1 and sheds light on mechanisms of how missense SORL1 variants may lead to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Fazeli
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK8000 AarhusC, Denmark
| | - Daniel D. Child
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Stephanie A. Bucks
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Miki Stovarsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Gabrielle Edwards
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Shannon E. Rose
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Health Care System
| | - Caitlin Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Yu Kitago
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Thomas Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Health Care System
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Olav M. Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK8000 AarhusC, Denmark
| | - Jessica E. Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
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