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Isakova A, Artykov A, Vorontsova Y, Dolgikh D, Kirpichnikov M, Gasparian M, Yagolovich A. Application of an Autoinduction Strategy to Optimize the Heterologous Production of an Antitumor Bispecific Fusion Protein Based on the TRAIL Receptor-Selective Mutant Variant in Escherichia coli. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:581-589. [PMID: 36094644 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Autoinduction is a simple approach for heterologous protein expression that helps to achieve the high-level production of recombinant proteins in soluble form. In this work, we investigated if the application of an autoinduction strategy could help to optimize the production of bifunctional protein SRH-DR5-B, the DR5-specific TRAIL variant DR5-B fused to a VEGFR2-specific peptide SRHTKQRHTALH for dual antitumor and antiangiogenic activity. The protein was expressed in Escherichia coli SHuffle B T7, BL21(DE3), and BL21(DE3)pLysS strains. By IPTG induction, the highest expression level was in SHuffle B T7, while by autoinduction, the similar expression level was achieved in BL21(DE3)pLysS. However, in SHuffle B T7, only 45% of IPTG-induced SRH-DR5-B was expressed in soluble form, in contrast to 75% autoinduced in BL21(DE3)pLysS. The yield of purified SRH-DR5-B protein expressed by autoinduction in BL21(DE3)pLysS was 28 ± 4.5 mg per 200 ml of cell culture, which was 1.4 times higher than the yield from IPTG-induced SHuffle B T7. Regardless of the production method, SRH-DR5-B was equally cytotoxic to BxPC-3 human tumor cells expressing DR5 and VEGFR2 receptors. Thus, the production of SRH-DR5-B by autoinduction in the E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS strain is an efficient, technologically simple, and economical technique that allows to obtain a large amount of active protein from the cytoplasmic cell fraction. Our work demonstrates that the strategy of induction of protein expression is no less important than the strain selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Isakova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Artykov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yekaterina Vorontsova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Dolgikh
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marine Gasparian
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anne Yagolovich
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia. .,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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Naeem SU, Ahmad N, Rashid N. Pcal_0842, a highly thermostable glycosidase from Pyrobaculum calidifontis displays both α-1,4- and β-1,4-glycosidic cleavage activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1745-1754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Pulido IY, Prieto E, Pieffet GP, Méndez L, Jiménez-Junca CA. Functional Heterologous Expression of Mature Lipase LipA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PSA01 in Escherichia coli SHuffle and BL21 (DE3): Effect of the Expression Host on Thermal Stability and Solvent Tolerance of the Enzyme Produced. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3925. [PMID: 32486240 PMCID: PMC7312249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to express heterologously the lipase LipA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PSA01 obtained from palm fruit residues. In previous approaches, LipA was expressed in Escherichia coli fused with its signal peptide and without its disulfide bond, displaying low activity. We cloned the mature LipA with its truncated chaperone Lif in a dual plasmid and overexpressed the enzyme in two E. coli strains: the traditional BL21 (DE3) and the SHuffle® strain, engineered to produce stable cytoplasmic disulfide bonds. We evaluated the effect of the disulfide bond on LipA stability using molecular dynamics. We expressed LipA successfully under isopropyl β-d-1-thio-galactopyranoside (IPTG) and slow autoinducing conditions. The SHuffle LipA showed higher residual activity at 45 °C and a greater hyperactivation after incubation with ethanol than the enzyme produced by E. coli BL21 (DE3). Conversely, the latter was slightly more stable in methanol 50% and 60% (t½: 49.5 min and 9 min) than the SHuffle LipA (t½: 31.5 min and 7.4 min). The molecular dynamics simulations showed that removing the disulfide bond caused some regions of LipA to become less flexible and some others to become more flexible, significantly affecting the closing lid and partially exposing the active site at all times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Yamile Pulido
- Biosciences Doctoral Program, Universidad de La Sabana, km 7 Autopista Norte, Chía 250001, Colombia;
| | - Erlide Prieto
- Agro-industrial Processes Research Group, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Sabana, km 7 Autopista Norte, Chía, Cundinamarca 250001, Colombia; (E.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Gilles Paul Pieffet
- Science Faculty, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Calle 58 A # 37–94 Bogotá D.C.111511, Colombia;
| | - Lina Méndez
- Agro-industrial Processes Research Group, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Sabana, km 7 Autopista Norte, Chía, Cundinamarca 250001, Colombia; (E.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Carlos A. Jiménez-Junca
- Bioprospecting Research Group, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Sabana, km 7 Autopista Norte, Chía, Cundinamarca 250001, Colombia
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Toda A, Nishikawa Y, Tanaka H, Yagi T, Kurisu G. The complex of outer-arm dynein light chain-1 and the microtubule-binding domain of the γ heavy chain shows how axonemal dynein tunes ciliary beating. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3982-3989. [PMID: 32014992 PMCID: PMC7086020 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonemal dynein is a microtubule-based molecular motor that drives ciliary/flagellar beating in eukaryotes. In axonemal dynein, the outer-arm dynein (OAD) complex, which comprises three heavy chains (α, β, and γ), produces the main driving force for ciliary/flagellar motility. It has recently been shown that axonemal dynein light chain-1 (LC1) binds to the microtubule-binding domain (MTBD) of OADγ, leading to a decrease in its microtubule-binding affinity. However, it remains unclear how LC1 interacts with the MTBD and controls the microtubule-binding affinity of OADγ. Here, we have used X-ray crystallography and pulldown assays to examine the interaction between LC1 and the MTBD, identifying two important sites of interaction in the MTBD. Solving the LC1-MTBD complex from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at 1.7 Å resolution, we observed that one site is located in the H5 helix and that the other is located in the flap region that is unique to some axonemal dynein MTBDs. Mutational analysis of key residues in these sites indicated that the H5 helix is the main LC1-binding site. We modeled the ternary structure of the LC1-MTBD complex bound to microtubules based on the known dynein-microtubule complex. This enabled us to propose a structural basis for both formations of the ternary LC1-MTBD-microtubule complex and LC1-mediated tuning of MTBD binding to the microtubule, suggesting a molecular model for how axonemal dynein senses the curvature of the axoneme and tunes ciliary/flagellar beating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyuki Toda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan,Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nishikawa
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tanaka
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yagi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
| | - Genji Kurisu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan,Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Sundarrajan S, Rao S, Padmanabhan S. Cloning and high-level expression of Thermus thermophilus RecA in E. coli: purification and novel use in HBV diagnostics. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:848-855. [PMID: 29691193 PMCID: PMC6175717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the role of Thermus thermophilus Recombinase A (RecA) in enhancing the PCR signals of DNA viruses such as Hepatitis B virus (HBV). The RecA gene of a thermophilic eubacterial strain, T. thermophilus, was cloned and hyperexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant RecA protein was purified using a single heat treatment step without the use of any chromatography steps, and the purified protein (>95%) was found to be active. The purified RecA could enhance the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) signals of HBV and improve the detection limit of the HBV diagnosis by real time PCR. The yield of recombinant RecA was ∼35mg/L, the highest yield reported for a recombinant RecA to date. RecA can be successfully employed to enhance detection sensitivity for the diagnosis of DNA viruses such as HBV, and this methodology could be particularly useful for clinical samples with HBV viral loads of less than 10IU/mL, which is interesting and novel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarson Sundarrajan
- Cancyte Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Sri Shankara Research Center, Shankarapuram, Bangalore, India
| | - Sneha Rao
- Cancyte Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Sri Shankara Research Center, Shankarapuram, Bangalore, India
| | - Sriram Padmanabhan
- Cancyte Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Sri Shankara Research Center, Shankarapuram, Bangalore, India.
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Ukkonen K, Neubauer A, Pereira VJ, Vasala A. High Yield of Recombinant Protein in Shaken E. coli Cultures with Enzymatic Glucose Release Medium EnPresso B. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1586:127-137. [PMID: 28470602 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6887-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Expression of recombinant proteins in sufficient quantities is essential for protein structure-function studies. The most commonly used method for recombinant protein production is overexpression in E. coli cultures. However, producing high yields of functional proteins in E. coli can be a challenge in conventional shaken cultures. This is often due to nonoptimal growth conditions, which result in low cell yields and insoluble or incorrectly folded target protein. To overcome the shortcomings of shake flask cultivation, we present a cultivation method based on enzymatic glucose delivery. This system mimics the fed-batch principle used in bioreactor cultivations and provides high yields of biomass and recombinant proteins in shaken cultivations.
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Briand L, Marcion G, Kriznik A, Heydel JM, Artur Y, Garrido C, Seigneuric R, Neiers F. A self-inducible heterologous protein expression system in Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33037. [PMID: 27611846 PMCID: PMC5017159 DOI: 10.1038/srep33037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is an important experimental, medical and industrial cell factory for recombinant protein production. The inducible lac promoter is one of the most commonly used promoters for heterologous protein expression in E. coli. Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) is currently the most efficient molecular inducer for regulating this promoter’s transcriptional activity. However, limitations have been observed in large-scale and microplate production, including toxicity, cost and culture monitoring. Here, we report the novel SILEX (Self-InducibLe Expression) system, which is a convenient, cost-effective alternative that does not require cell density monitoring or IPTG induction. We demonstrate the broad utility of the presented self-inducible method for a panel of diverse proteins produced in large amounts. The SILEX system is compatible with all classical culture media and growth temperatures and allows protein expression modulation. Importantly, the SILEX system is proven to be efficient for protein expression screening on a microplate scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Briand
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - G Marcion
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,INSERM, UMR 866, 7 blvd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - A Kriznik
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine IMoPA, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye 54505 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy
| | - J M Heydel
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Y Artur
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - C Garrido
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,INSERM, UMR 866, 7 blvd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.,Anticancer Center Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - R Seigneuric
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,INSERM, UMR 866, 7 blvd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - F Neiers
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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8
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Zhang Z, Kuipers G, Niemiec Ł, Baumgarten T, Slotboom DJ, de Gier JW, Hjelm A. High-level production of membrane proteins in E. coli BL21(DE3) by omitting the inducer IPTG. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:142. [PMID: 26377812 PMCID: PMC4574001 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For membrane protein production, the Escherichia coli T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP)-based protein production strain BL21(DE3) in combination with T7-promoter based expression vectors is widely used. Cells are routinely cultured in Lysogeny broth (LB medium) and expression of the chromosomally localized t7rnap gene is governed by the isopropyl-β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) inducible lacUV5 promoter. The T7 RNAP drives the expression of the plasmid borne gene encoding the recombinant membrane protein. Production of membrane proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane rather than in inclusion bodies in a misfolded state is usually preferred, but often hampered due to saturation of the capacity of the Sec-translocon, resulting in low yields. Results Contrary to expectation we observed that omission of IPTG from BL21(DE3) cells cultured in LB medium can lead to significantly higher membrane protein production yields than when IPTG is added. In the complete absence of IPTG cultures stably produce membrane proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane, whereas upon the addition of IPTG membrane proteins aggregate in the cytoplasm and non-producing clones are selected for. Furthermore, in the absence of IPTG, membrane proteins are produced at a lower rate than in the presence of IPTG. These observations indicate that in the absence of IPTG the Sec-translocon capacity is not/hardly saturated, leading to enhanced membrane protein production yields in the cytoplasmic membrane. Importantly, for more than half of the targets tested the yields obtained using un-induced BL21(DE3) cells were higher than the yields obtained in the widely used membrane protein production strains C41(DE3) and C43(DE3). Since most secretory proteins reach the periplasm via the Sec-translocon, we also monitored the production of three secretory recombinant proteins in the periplasm of BL21(DE3) cells in the presence and absence of IPTG. For all three targets tested omitting IPTG led to the highest production levels in the periplasm. Conclusions Omission of IPTG from BL21(DE3) cells cultured in LB medium provides a very cost- and time effective alternative for the production of membrane and secretory proteins. Therefore, we recommend that this condition is incorporated in membrane- and secretory protein production screens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0328-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Łukasz Niemiec
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Baumgarten
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Dirk Jan Slotboom
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan-Willem de Gier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna Hjelm
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Mayer S, Junne S, Ukkonen K, Glazyrina J, Glauche F, Neubauer P, Vasala A. Lactose autoinduction with enzymatic glucose release: Characterization of the cultivation system in bioreactor. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 94:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Collins T, Azevedo-Silva J, da Costa A, Branca F, Machado R, Casal M. Batch production of a silk-elastin-like protein in E. coli BL21(DE3): key parameters for optimisation. Microb Cell Fact 2013; 12:21. [PMID: 23446293 PMCID: PMC3623843 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-12-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Silk-elastin-like proteins (SELPs) combining the physicochemical and biological properties of silk and elastin have a high potential for use in the pharmaceutical, regenerative medicine and materials fields. Their development for use is however restrained by their production levels. Here we describe the batch production optimisation for a novel recently described SELP in the pET-E. coli BL21(DE3) expression system. Both a comprehensive empirical approach examining all process variables (media, induction time and period, temperature, pH, aeration and agitation) and a detailed characterisation of the bioprocess were carried out in an attempt to maximise production with this system. Results This study shows that maximum SELP volumetric production is achieved at 37°C using terrific broth at pH 6–7.5, a shake flask volume to medium volume ratio of 10:1 and an agitation speed of 200 rpm. Maximum induction is attained at the beginning of the stationary phase with 0.5 mM IPTG and an induction period of at least 4 hours. We show that the selection agents ampicillin and carbenicillin are rapidly degraded early in the cultivation and that plasmid stability decreases dramatically on induction. Furthermore, acetate accumulates during the bioprocess to levels which are shown to be inhibitory to the host cells. Using our optimised conditions, 500 mg/L of purified SELP was obtained. Conclusions We have identified the optimal conditions for the shake flask production of a novel SELP with the final production levels obtained being the highest reported to date. While this study is focused on SELPs, we believe that it could also be of general interest to any study where the pET (ampicillin selective marker)-E. coli BL21(DE3) expression system is used. In particular, we show that induction time is critical in this system with, in contrast to that which is generally believed, optimal production being obtained by induction at the beginning of the stationary phase. Furthermore, we believe that we are at or near the maximum productivity for the system used, with rapid degradation of the selective agent by plasmid encoded β-lactamase, plasmid instability on induction and high acetate production levels being the principal limiting factors for further improved production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Collins
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Xu J, Banerjee A, Pan SH, Li ZJ. Galactose can be an inducer for production of therapeutic proteins by auto-induction using E. coli BL21 strains. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 83:30-6. [PMID: 22425658 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently lactose mediated auto-induction in Escherichia coli has gained a lot of interest because higher protein titer could be achieved without the need to monitor growth and add inducer at the proper time. In this study a high level therapeutic protein production by auto-induction was observed in E. coli BL21 using either T7 or tac promoters in the modified Luria Bertani (mLB) medium containing soy peptone instead of tryptone in Luria Bertani (LB) medium. Based on medium analysis and spiking experiments it was found that 0.4 mM galactose from the soy peptone caused the auto-induction. E. coli cultures induced by galactose can saturate at considerably higher density than cultures induced by IPTG. Galactose is not consumed by E. coli BL21. Finally it has been demonstrated that auto-induction can be effectively used in fed-batch fermentation for the industrial production of a therapeutic protein. The principle of galactose mediated auto-induction should be able to apply to high throughput microplates, shake flasks and fed-batch fermentors for clone screening and therapeutic protein expression in E. coli gal(-) strains such as most commonly used BL21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Xu
- Biologics Process Science, Technical Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Syracuse, NY 13057, United States
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12
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Dubey S, Singh A, Banerjee UC. Response surface methodology of nitrilase production by recombinant Escherichia coli. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:1085-92. [PMID: 24031726 PMCID: PMC3768802 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220110003000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth and nitrilase production by recombinant Escherichia coli cells harbouring pET 21 (b) plasmid, for the expression of Pseudomonas putida nitrilase were improved using response surface methodology. Central composite design was used for obtaining ideal concentration of critical medium components which include fructose, tryptone, yeast extract and lactose. The optimal values for the concentration of fructose, tryptone, yeast extract and lactose were found to be 1.13, 2.26, 3.25 and 0.9 % (w/v), respectively. Here, fructose served as carbon source for the growth while lactose was preferably used as inducer for the expression of foreign protein. Yeast extract in the medium was used as a growth promoter while tryptone was added as a major nitrogen source. Using this optimized medium, an experimental growth of 6.67 (OD at 600 nm) and nitrilase activity of 27.13 U/ml was achieved. This approach for medium development led to an enhancement of the growth and enzyme activity by 1.4 and 2.2 times, respectively, as compared to the un-optimized medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Dubey
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160 062, Punjab , India ; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva & University of Lausanne , 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva , Switzerland
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From shake flasks to bioreactors: survival of E. coli cells harboring pGST-hPTH through auto-induction by controlling initial content of yeast extract. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:1419-28. [PMID: 21523618 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A high content of yeast extract in complex media can cause auto-induction of phage T7 RNA polymerase and the consequent expression of recombinant protein in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) during long-term cultivation. Our study demonstrated that the auto-induction of recombinant protein varied in different vectors harboring heterologous genes. Trx, GST, and their fusion proteins such as GST-human parathyroid hormone (hPTH), expressed by pET32a (+), were easily auto-induced by media containing a high content of yeast extract; however, rtPA was not easily auto-induced when using pET22b (+), although both pET systems were under the control of T7lac promoter. Furthermore, the auto-induction of GST-hPTH may start within 1-2 h after inoculation in bioreactors, which is a deficiency in the scale-up from shake flasks to bioreactors. Our results indicated that too much yeast extract in bioreactor cultivations may be responsible for the early auto-induction of target proteins and consequent loss of cell viability and plasmid instability. To achieve a satisfactory yield, host cells with both high cell viability and plasmid stability were necessary for the starter cultures in shake flasks and pre-induction cultures in bioreactors. This could be achieved simply by controlling the initial content of yeast extract and its subsequent supplementation.
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