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Traina F, Capodici M, Torregrossa M, Viviani G, Corsino SF. PHA and EPS production from industrial wastewater by conventional activated sludge, membrane bioreactor and aerobic granular sludge technologies: A comprehensive comparison. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141768. [PMID: 38537712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The present study has focused on the mainstream integration of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production with industrial wastewater treatment by exploiting three different technologies all operating in sequencing batch reactors (SBR): conventional activated sludge (AS-SBR), membrane bioreactor (AS-MBR) and aerobic granular sludge (AGS). A full aerobic feast/famine strategy was adopted to obtain enrichment of biomass with PHA-storing bacteria. All the systems were operated at different organic loading (OLR) rate equal to 1-2-3 kgCOD/m3∙d in three respective experimental periods. The AS-MBR showed the better and stable carbon removal performance, whereas the effluent quality of the AS-SBR and AGS deteriorated at high OLR. Biomass enrichment with PHA-storing bacteria was successfully obtained in all the systems. The AS-MBR improved the PHA productivity with increasing OLR (max 35% w/w), whereas the AS-SBR reduced the PHA content (max 20% w/w) above an OLR threshold of 2 kgCOD/m3∙d. In contrast, in the AGS the increase of OLR resulted in a significant decrease in PHA productivity (max 14% w/w) and a concomitant increase of extracellular polymers (EPS) production (max 75% w/w). Results demonstrated that organic carbon was mainly driven towards the intracellular storage pathway in the AS-SBR (max yield 51%) and MBR (max yield 61%), whereas additional stressors in AGS (e.g., hydraulic selection pressure, shear forces) induced bacteria to channel the COD into extracellular storage compounds (max yield 50%) necessary to maintain the granule's structure. The results of the present study indicated that full-aerobic feast/famine strategy was more suitable for flocculent sludge-based technologies, although biofilm-like systems could open new scenarios for other biopolymers recovery (e.g., EPS). Moreover, the AS-MBR resulted the most suitable technology for the integration of PHA production in a mainstream industrial wastewater treatment plant, considering the greater process stability and the potential reclamation of the treated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Traina
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Capodici
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Torregrossa
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Viviani
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Santo Fabio Corsino
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
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Noutsopoulos C, Gkoutzioupa V, Katsou E, Frison N, Fatone F, Malamis S. Integrated selection of PHA-storing biomass and nitrogen removal via nitrite from sludge reject water: a mathematical model. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:73-86. [PMID: 35794016 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2099311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the most recent innovations to promote a circular economy during wastewater treatment is the production of biopolymers. It has recently been demonstrated that it is possible to integrate the production of biopolymers in the form of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) with nitrogen removal via nitrite during the treatment of sludge reject water. In the present study, simulation of a new process for bioresource recovery was conducted by an appropriate modification of the Activated Sludge Model 3. The process consists of the integrated nitrogen removal via nitrite from sludge reject water and the selection of PHA-storing biomass by inducing a feast and famine regime under aerobic and anoxic conditions. According to the results, it is anticipated that simulation data matched very satisfactorily with the experimental data and confirmed the main experimental observation, showing that during the famine period the PHA depletion was almost complete due to the availability of nitrite as the electron acceptor. Simulation results indicate that the selection of the volumetric organic loading rate and of the relative duration of the aerobic feast/anoxic famine duration is critical in order to allow for the effective denitritation of the internally stored PHA during the famine phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Noutsopoulos
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evina Katsou
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Uxbridge Campus, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Nicola Frison
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Fatone
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simos Malamis
- Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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3
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Gottardo M, Zanatta S, Modesti M, Lorini L, Pavan P, Valentino F. Oxygen limitation in aerobic polyhydroxyalkanoates production from sewage sludge anaerobic fermentation liquids under low and medium organic loading rate. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139468. [PMID: 37442385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from thermally pre-treated sewage sludge at pilot scale level, investigating for the first time the effect of the organic loading rate (OLR) under oxygen limitation on biomass storage properties and kinetics. Polymer characteristics have been also evaluated. The selection/enrichment of PHA-storing biomass was successfully achieved in a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) under short hydraulic retention time (HRT; 2 days). Low OLR (2.05 g COD/L d) was ideal for the selection of an efficient PHA-producing consortium cultivated under limited oxygen availability. In the fed-batch accumulation conducted under high DO regime, such biomass was characterized by 51% of PHA content on cell dry weight, with a related storage yield (YP/Sbatch) of 0.61 CODPHA/CODS. On the contrary, medium OLR (4.56 g COD/L d) was not technically feasible to sustain the required consortium's selection under low DO regime. The PHA produced by biomass cultivated under low DO regime was characterized higher thermal stability and crystalline domain compared to PHA traditionally produced under high DO regime. The mass balance assessment highlighted a global yield of 51 g PHA/kg VS (volatile solids of thickened sludge), which was 9% lower than yield obtained under high DO regime, in the face of a realistic reduction of the energy cost of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gottardo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre-Venice, Italy.
| | - Silvia Zanatta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Modesti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padua, Italy; Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Lorini
- Department of Chemistry, La Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pavan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre-Venice, Italy
| | - Francesco Valentino
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre-Venice, Italy
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Isern-Cazorla L, Mineo A, Suárez-Ojeda ME, Mannina G. Effect of organic loading rate on the production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from sewage sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 343:118272. [PMID: 37257232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effect of organic loading rate on the production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from sewage sludge. Synthesis of PHA using sewage sludge as platform was achieved in this work. Three pilot-scale selection-sequencing batch reactors (S-SBR) were used for obtaining a culture able to accumulate PHA following a strategy of aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) at different volumetric organic-loading-rate (vOLR): 1.3, 1.8 and 0.8 g COD L-1 d-1 for S-SBR 1, S-SBR 2 and S-SBR 3, respectively. Decreasing the vOLR enhanced the general performance of the process as for organic matter removal (from 99.2% ± 0.3% in S-SBR-3 to 92 ± 2 in S-SBR-2) while the opposite trend was recorded for PHA production (6.0 PHA % w/w in S-SBR-3 vs 13.7 PHA % w/w in S-SBR-2 at the end of the feast phase). Furthermore, indirect and direct emissions, as N2O, were evaluated during the process for the first time. Finally, three accumulation tests were performed achieving 24% w/w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Isern-Cazorla
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy; GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Edifici Q, c/ de les Sitges s/n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Mineo
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - María Eugenia Suárez-Ojeda
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Edifici Q, c/ de les Sitges s/n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
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Brison A, Rossi P, Derlon N. Single CSTR can be as effective as an SBR in selecting PHA-storing biomass from municipal wastewater-derived feedstock. WATER RESEARCH X 2023; 18:100165. [PMID: 37250287 PMCID: PMC10214291 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A key step for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from organic waste streams is the selection of a biomass with a high PHA-storage capacity (selection-step), which is usually performed in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). A major advancement would be to perform such selection in continuous reactors to facilitate the full-scale implementation of PHA production from municipal wastewater (MWW)-derived feedstock. The present study therefore investigates to what extent a simple continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) represents a relevant alternative to anSBR. To this end, we operated two selection reactors (CSTR vs. SBR) on filtered primary sludge fermentate while performing a detailed analysis of the microbial communities, and monitoring PHA-storage over long-term (∼150 days) and during accumulation batches. Our study demonstrates that a simple CSTR is as effective as an SBR in selecting biomass with high PHA-storage capacity (up to 0.65 gPHA gVSS-1) while being 50% more efficient in terms of substrate to biomass conversion yields. We also show that such selection can occur on VFA-rich feedstock containing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in excess, whereas previously, selection of PHA-storing organisms in a single CSTR has only been studied under P limitation. We further found that microbial competition was mostly affected by nutrient availability (N and P) rather than by the reactor operation mode (CSTR vs. SBR). Similar microbial communities therefore developed in both selection reactors, while microbial communities were very different depending on N availability. Rhodobacteraceae gen. were most abundant when growth conditions were stable and N-limited, whereas dynamic N- (and P-) excess conditions favoured the selection of the known PHA-storer Comamonas, and led to the highest observed PHA-storage capacity. Overall, we demonstrate that biomass with high storage capacity can be selected in a simple CSTR on a wider range of feedstock than just P-limited ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Brison
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Rossi
- Central Environmental Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Derlon
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Koch J, Scott E, Bitter J, Asadi Tashvigh A. A plant wide simulation of polyhydroxyalkanoate production from wastewater and its conversion to methyl crotonate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127994. [PMID: 36262002 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work simulates the production of methyl crotonate from various industrial wastewaters. In the upstream process, wastewater is fermented into volatile fatty acids which are then converted into polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by means of mixed microbial cultures. In the downstream, PHA undergoes a series of thermolysis and esterification reactions to produce methyl crotonate. The origin of the wastewater was found to have a great influence on the composition of the PHA with the effluent of a candy bar factory producing a high polyhydroxybutyrate/polyhydroxyvalerate ratio of 86/14 in favour of methyl crotonate production. It was observed that the use of intracellular polyhydroxybutyrate, instead of purified, significantly lowers the number of separation steps and yet reduces the methyl crotonate recovery by only 20 %. An operating pressure higher than 18 bar led to more transesterification of polyhydroxybutyrate, producing byproducts instead of methyl crotonate. Finally, a 3 h reaction was found sufficient for completion of polyhydroxybutyrate conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Koch
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elinor Scott
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Bitter
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Akbar Asadi Tashvigh
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Werker A, Lorini L, Villano M, Valentino F, Majone M. Modelling Mixed Microbial Culture Polyhydroxyalkanoate Accumulation Bioprocess towards Novel Methods for Polymer Production Using Dilute Volatile Fatty Acid Rich Feedstocks. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9030125. [PMID: 35324814 PMCID: PMC8945694 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9030125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile fatty acid (VFA) rich streams from fermentation of organic residuals and wastewater are suitable feedstocks for mixed microbial culture (MMC) Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. However, many such streams have low total VFA concentration (1–10 gCOD/L). PHA accumulation requires a flow-through bioprocess if the VFAs are not concentrated. A flow through bioprocess must balance goals of productivity (highest possible influent flow rates) with goals of substrate utilization efficiency (lowest possible effluent VFA concentration). Towards these goals, dynamics of upshift and downshift respiration kinetics for laboratory and pilot scale MMCs were evaluated. Monod kinetics described a hysteresis between the upshift and downshift responses. Substrate concentrations necessary to stimulate a given substrate uptake rate were significantly higher than the concentrations necessary to sustain the attained substrate uptake rate. A benefit of this hysteresis was explored in Monte Carlo based PHA accumulation bioprocess numerical simulations. Simulations illustrated for a potential to establish continuous flow-through PHA production bioprocesses even at a low (1 gCOD/L) influent total VFA concentration. Process biomass recirculation into an engineered higher substrate concentration mixing zone, due to the constant influent substrate flow, enabled to drive the process to maximal possible PHA production rates without sacrificing substrate utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Werker
- Promiko AB, Briggatan 16, 23442 Lomma, Sweden
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Lorini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.L.); (M.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Marianna Villano
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.L.); (M.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesco Valentino
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Cà Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy;
| | - Mauro Majone
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.L.); (M.V.); (M.M.)
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Cabecas Segura P, De Meur Q, Tanghe A, Onderwater R, Dewasme L, Wattiez R, Leroy B. Effects of Mixing Volatile Fatty Acids as Carbon Sources on Rhodospirillum rubrum Carbon Metabolism and Redox Balance Mechanisms. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1996. [PMID: 34576891 PMCID: PMC8471276 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodospirillum rubrum has a versatile metabolism, and as such can assimilate a broad range of carbon sources, including volatile fatty acids. These carbon sources are gaining increasing interest for biotechnological processes, since they reduce the production costs for numerous value-added compounds and contribute to the development of a more circular economy. Usually, studies characterizing carbon metabolism are performed by supplying a single carbon source; however, in both environmental and engineered conditions, cells would rather grow on mixtures of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) generated via anaerobic fermentation. In this study, we show that the use of a mixture of VFAs as carbon source appears to have a synergy effect on growth phenotype. In addition, while propionate and butyrate assimilation in Rs. rubrum is known to require an excess of bicarbonate in the culture medium, mixing them reduces the requirement for bicarbonate supplementation. The fixation of CO2 is one of the main electron sinks in purple bacteria; therefore, this observation suggests an adaptation of both metabolic pathways used for the assimilation of these VFAs and redox homeostasis mechanism. Based on proteomic data, modification of the propionate assimilation pathway seems to occur with a switch from a methylmalonyl-CoA intermediate to the methylcitrate cycle. Moreover, it seems that the presence of a mixture of VFAs switches electron sinking from CO2 fixation to H2 and isoleucine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Cabecas Segura
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (P.C.S.); (Q.D.M.); (R.W.)
| | - Quentin De Meur
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (P.C.S.); (Q.D.M.); (R.W.)
| | - Audrey Tanghe
- Materia Nova ASBL, Parc Initialis, Avenue Copernic 3, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (A.T.); (R.O.)
| | - Rob Onderwater
- Materia Nova ASBL, Parc Initialis, Avenue Copernic 3, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (A.T.); (R.O.)
| | - Laurent Dewasme
- Systems, Estimation, Control and Optimization Group, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (P.C.S.); (Q.D.M.); (R.W.)
| | - Baptiste Leroy
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (P.C.S.); (Q.D.M.); (R.W.)
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9
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De Donno Novelli L, Moreno Sayavedra S, Rene ER. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production via resource recovery from industrial waste streams: A review of techniques and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 331:124985. [PMID: 33819906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The problem of waste generation in the form of wastewater and solid wastes has caused an urgent, yet persisting, global issue that calls for the development of sustainable treatment and resource recovery technologies. The production of value-added polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from industrial waste streams has attracted the attention of researchers and process industries because they could replace traditional plastics. PHAs are biopolymers with high degradability, with a variety of applications in the manufacturing sector (e.g. medical equipment, packaging). The aim of this review is to describe the techniques and industrial waste streams that are applied for PHA production. The different enrichment and accumulation techniques that employ mixed microbial communities and carbon recovery from industrial waste streams and various downstream processes were reviewed. PHA yields between 7.6 and 76 wt% were reported for pilot-scale PHA production; while, at the laboratory-scale, yields from PHA accumulation range between 8.6 and 56 wt%. The recent advances in the application of waste streams for PHA production could result in more widely spread PHA production at the industrial scale via its integration into biorefineries for co-generation of PHAs with other added-value products like biohydrogen and biogas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Donno Novelli
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Moreno Sayavedra
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, The Netherlands.
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Utilization of banana (Musa sp.) fronds extract as an alternative carbon source for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by Cupriavidus necator H16. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Estévez-Alonso Á, Pei R, van Loosdrecht MCM, Kleerebezem R, Werker A. Scaling-up microbial community-based polyhydroxyalkanoate production: status and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 327:124790. [PMID: 33582521 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of organic waste and wastewater to polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) offers a potential to recover valuable resources from organic waste. Microbial community-based PHA production systems have been successfully applied in the last decade at lab- and pilot-scales, with a total of 19 pilot installations reported in the scientific literature. In this review, research at pilot-scale on microbial community-based PHA production is categorized and subsequently analyzed with focus on feedstocks, enrichment strategies, yields of PHA on substrate, biomass PHA content and polymer characterization. From this assessment, the challenges for further scaling-up of microbial community-based PHA production are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Estévez-Alonso
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruizhe Pei
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Kleerebezem
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Alan Werker
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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12
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Amadu AA, Qiu S, Ge S, Addico GND, Ameka GK, Yu Z, Xia W, Abbew AW, Shao D, Champagne P, Wang S. A review of biopolymer (Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis in microbes cultivated on wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143729. [PMID: 33310224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The large quantities of non-degradable single use plastics, production and disposal, in addition to increasing amounts of municipal and industrial wastewaters are among the major global issues known today. Biodegradable plastics from biopolymers such as Poly-β-hydroxybutyrates (PHB) produced by microorganisms are potential substitutes for non-degradable petroleum-based plastics. This paper reviews the current status of wastewater-cultivated microbes utilized in PHB production, including the various types of wastewaters suitable for either pure or mixed culture PHB production. PHB-producing strains that have the potential for commercialization are also highlighted with proposed selection criteria for choosing the appropriate PHB microbe for optimization of processes. The biosynthetic pathways involved in producing microbial PHB are also discussed to highlight the advancements in genetic engineering techniques. Additionally, the paper outlines the factors influencing PHB production while exploring other metabolic pathways and metabolites simultaneously produced along with PHB in a bio-refinery context. Furthermore, the paper explores the effects of extraction methods on PHB yield and quality to ultimately facilitate the commercial production of biodegradable plastics. This review uniquely discusses the developments in research on microbial biopolymers, specifically PHB and also gives an overview of current commercial PHB companies making strides in cutting down plastic pollution and greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Algade Amadu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Shijian Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Gloria Naa Dzama Addico
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Water Research Institute (WRI), P.O. Box AH 38, Achimota Greater Accra, Ghana
| | - Gabriel Komla Ameka
- Department of Botany, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG55, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Wenhao Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Abdul-Wahab Abbew
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Dadong Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sufeng Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
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13
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Recovery of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Cooked Mussel Processing Wastewater at High Salinity and Acidic Conditions. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su122410386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable polymers that can be intracellularly produced by microorganisms valorizing organic-rich wastes. In the present study, a PHA production system was fed with mussel cooker wastewater after acidogenic fermentation. Besides low pH (4.0 ± 0.3) and high salt (21.7 ± 2.9 g NaCl/L) concentrations, this wastewater also contained nitrogen concentrations (0.8 ± 0.1 g N/L), which were previously reported to be a challenge to the PHA accumulating bacteria enrichment. Bacteria with a PHA storage capacity were selected in an enrichment sequencing batch reactor (SBR) after 60 days of operation. The enriched mixed microbial culture (MMC) was mainly formed by microorganisms from phylum Bacteroidetes, and genera Azoarcus, Comamonas and Thauera from phylum Proteobacteria. The MMC was able to accumulate up to 25 wt% of PHA that was mainly limited by the wastewater nitrogen content, which promoted biomass growth instead of PHA accumulation. Indeed, when the presence of nutrient was limited, PHA stored in the accumulation reactor increased to up to 40.9 wt%. This work demonstrated the feasibility of the enrichment of a MMC with a PHA storage ability valorizing the fish-canning industrial wastewater at low pH, which is generally difficult to treat in wastewater treatment plants.
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14
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Asiri F, Chen CH, Hwangbo M, Shao Y, Chu KH. From Organic Wastes to Bioplastics: Feasibility of
Nonsterile Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Production by Zobellella
denitrificans ZD1. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24158-24168. [PMID: 33015431 PMCID: PMC7528165 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
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Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
(PHB)—a renewable and biodegradable
polymer—is a promising alternative to nonbiodegradable synthetic
plastics that are derived from petrochemicals. The methods currently
employed for PHB production are costly, in part, due to the expensive
cultivation feedstocks and the need to sterilize the culture medium,
which is energy-intensive. This study investigates the feasibility
of nonsterile PHB production from several saline organic wastes using
a salt-tolerant strain, Zobellella denitrificans ZD1 (referred to as strain ZD1). Factors such as the pH, salinity,
carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, nitrogen source, and electron acceptor
that might affect the growth of strain ZD1 and its PHB production
were determined. Our results showed successful nonsterile PHB production
by growing the strain ZD1 on nonsterile synthetic crude glycerol,
high-strength saline wastewater, and real municipal wastewater-activated
sludge under saline conditions. The PHB production was significantly
enhanced when the levels of salts and nitrate-nitrogen in the culture
medium were increased. This study suggested a promising low-cost nonsterile
PHB production strategy from organic wastes using strain ZD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Asiri
- Zachry
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3136, United States
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Zachry
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3136, United States
- Department
of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Myung Hwangbo
- Zachry
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3136, United States
| | - Yiru Shao
- Zachry
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3136, United States
| | - Kung-Hui Chu
- Zachry
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3136, United States
- . Tel: (979)-845-1403. Fax: (979)-862-1542
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15
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Sabapathy PC, Devaraj S, Meixner K, Anburajan P, Kathirvel P, Ravikumar Y, Zabed HM, Qi X. Recent developments in Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123132. [PMID: 32220472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are inevitably a key biopolymer that has the potential to replace the conventional petrochemical based plastics that pose jeopardy to the environment globally. Even then the reach of PHA in the common market is so restricted. The economy of PHA is such that, even after several attempts the overall production cost seems to be high and this very factor surpasses PHAs usage when compared to the conventional polymers. The major focus of the review relies on the synthesis of PHA from Mixed Microbial Cultures (MMCs), through a 3-stage process most probably utilizing feedstocks from waste streams or models that mimic them. Emphasis was given to the works carried out in the past decade and their coherence with each and every individual criteria (Aeration, Substrate and bioprocess parameters) such that to understand their effect in enhancing the overall production of PHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorna Chandrika Sabapathy
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Sabarinathan Devaraj
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Katharina Meixner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Parthiban Anburajan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Preethi Kathirvel
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641046, India
| | - Yuvaraj Ravikumar
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Hossain M Zabed
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China.
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16
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Wang X, Bengtsson S, Oehmen A, Carvalho G, Werker A, Reis MA. Application of dissolved oxygen (DO) level control for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation with concurrent nitrification in surplus municipal activated sludge. N Biotechnol 2019; 50:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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17
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Carbon recovery from wastewater through bioconversion into biodegradable polymers. N Biotechnol 2017; 37:9-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Recent Advances and Challenges towards Sustainable Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4020055. [PMID: 28952534 PMCID: PMC5590474 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable biofuels, biomaterials, and fine chemicals production is a critical matter that research teams around the globe are focusing on nowadays. Polyhydroxyalkanoates represent one of the biomaterials of the future due to their physicochemical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Designing efficient and economic bioprocesses, combined with the respective social and environmental benefits, has brought together scientists from different backgrounds highlighting the multidisciplinary character of such a venture. In the current review, challenges and opportunities regarding polyhydroxyalkanoate production are presented and discussed, covering key steps of their overall production process by applying pure and mixed culture biotechnology, from raw bioprocess development to downstream processing.
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19
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A process for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production from municipal wastewater treatment with biological carbon and nitrogen removal demonstrated at pilot-scale. N Biotechnol 2017; 35:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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20
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Synthesis of Poly-(R-hydroxyalkanoates) byCupriavidus necatorATCC 17699 Using Mexican Avocado(Persea americana)Oil as a Carbon Source. INT J POLYM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/6942950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-R-hydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polymers produced by a vast number of bacterial species under stress conditions. PHAs exhibit different thermal and mechanical properties that depend on their molecular structure. In this work, PHAs were produced using avocado oil as the carbon source.Cupriavidus necatorH16 was cultured in three-stage fermentation using fructose during the cell growth stages and avocado oil during the PHA synthesis stage. Different concentrations of avocado oil were used during the third stage to test the incorporation of various monomeric units into the PHAs. Biomass and PHA production were measured during the fermentation. DSC, FTIR, and gas chromatography analysis aided the PHA characterization. Different proportions of 3-hydroxyvalerate were present in the 3-hydroxybutyrate main chain depending on the concentration of avocado oil. The results suggest that avocado oil is a viable new substrate for PHA production.
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21
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The Enrichment of Microbial Community for Accumulating Polyhydroxyalkanoates Using Propionate-Rich Waste. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 182:755-768. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Coats ER, Watson BS, Brinkman CK. Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis by mixed microbial consortia cultured on fermented dairy manure: Effect of aeration on process rates/yields and the associated microbial ecology. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 106:26-40. [PMID: 27697682 PMCID: PMC5176644 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polymers that can substitute for petroleum-based plastics in a variety of applications. One avenue to commercial PHA production involves coupling waste-based synthesis with the use of mixed microbial consortia (MMC). In this regard, production requires maximizing the enrichment of a MMC capable of feast-famine PHA synthesis, with the metabolic response induced through imposition of aerobic-dynamic feeding (ADF) conditions. However, the concept of PHA production in complex matrices remains unrefined; process operational improvements are needed, along with an enhanced understanding of the MMC. Research presented herein investigated the effect of aeration on feast-famine PHA synthesis, with four independent aeration state systems studied; MMC were fed volatile fatty acid (VFA)-rich fermented dairy manure. Regardless of the aeration state, all MMC exhibited a feast-famine response based on observed carbon cycling. Moreover, there was no statistical difference in PHA synthesis rates, with qPHA ranging from 0.10 to 0.19 CmmolPHA gVSS-1 min-1; VFA uptake rates exhibited similar statistical indifferences. PHA production assessments on the enriched MMC resulted in maximum intracellular concentrations ranging from 22.5 to 90.7% (mgPHA mgVSS-1); at maximum concentration, the mean hydroxyvalerate mol content was 73 ± 0.6%. While a typical feast-famine dissolved oxygen (DO) pattern was observed at maximum aeration, less resolution was observed at decreasing aeration rates, suggesting that DO may not be an optimal process monitoring parameter. At lower aeration states, nitrogen cycling patterns, supported by molecular investigations targeting AOBs and NOBs, indicate that NO2 and NO3 sustained feast-famine PHA synthesis. Next-generation sequencing analysis of the respective MMC revealed numerous and diverse genera exhibiting the potential to achieve PHA synthesis, suggesting functional redundancy embedded in the diverse MMC. Ultimately, results demonstrate that aeration can be controlled in waste-based ADF systems to sustain PHA production potential, while enriching for a diverse MMC that exhibits potential functional redundancy. Reduced aeration could also enhance cost competitiveness of waste-based PHA production, with potential further benefits associated with nitrogen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Coats
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1022, USA.
| | | | - Cynthia K Brinkman
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1022, USA
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23
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Kumar Singh N, Singh J, Bhatia A, Kazmi AA. A pilot-scale study on PVA gel beads based integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) plant for municipal wastewater treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:113-123. [PMID: 26744941 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a pilot-scale reactor incorporating polyvinyl alcohol gel beads as biomass carrier and operating in biological activated sludge mode (a combination of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and activated sludge) was investigated for the treatment of actual municipal wastewater. The results, during a monitoring period of 4 months, showed effective removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and NH3-N at optimum conditions with 91%, ∼92% and ∼90% removal efficiencies, respectively. Sludge volume index (SVI) values of activated sludge varied in the range of 25-72 mL/g, indicating appreciable settling characteristics. Furthermore, soluble COD and BOD in the effluent of the pilot plant were reduced to levels well below discharge limits of the Punjab Pollution Control Board, India. A culture dependent method was used to enrich and isolate abundant heterotrophic bacteria in activated sludge. In addition to this, 16S rRNA genes analysis was performed to identify diverse dominant bacterial species in suspended and attached biomass. Results revealed that Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp. and Nitrosomonas communis played a significant role in biomass carrier, while Acinetobactor sp. were dominant in activated sludge of the pilot plant. Identification of ciliated protozoa populations rendered six species of ciliates in the plant, among which Vorticella was the most dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India E-mail:
| | - Jasdeep Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India E-mail:
| | - Aakansha Bhatia
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India E-mail:
| | - A A Kazmi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India E-mail:
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24
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Unveiling PHA-storing populations using molecular methods. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10433-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Frison N, Katsou E, Malamis S, Oehmen A, Fatone F. Development of a Novel Process Integrating the Treatment of Sludge Reject Water and the Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:10877-10885. [PMID: 26270064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from activated sludge and renewable organic material can become an alternative product to traditional plastics since they are biodegradable and are produced from renewable sources. In this work, the selection of PHA storing bacteria was integrated with the side stream treatment of nitrogen removal via nitrite from sewage sludge reject water. A novel process was developed and applied where the alternation of aerobic-feast and anoxic-famine conditions accomplished the selection of PHA storing biomass and nitrogen removal via nitrite. Two configurations were examined: in configuration 1 the ammonium conversion to nitrite occurred in the same reactor in which the PHA selection process occurred, while in configuration 2 two separate reactors were used. The results showed that the selection of PHA storing biomass was successful in both configurations, while the nitrogen removal efficiency was much higher (almost 90%) in configuration 2. The PHA selection degree was evaluated by the volatile fatty acid (VFA) uptake rate (-qVFAs) and the PHA production rate (qPHA), which were 239 ± 74 and 89 ± 7 mg of COD per gram of active biomass (Xa) per hour, respectively. The characterization of the biopolymer recovered after the accumulation step, showed that it was composed of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) (60%) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) (40%). The properties associated with the produced PHA suggest that they are suitable for thermoplastic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Frison
- University of Verona , Department of Biotechnology, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Evina Katsou
- University of Verona , Department of Biotechnology, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Brunel University , Kingston Lane, UB8 3PH Uxbridge, Middlesex, U.K
| | - Simos Malamis
- University of Verona , Department of Biotechnology, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens , 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Adrian Oehmen
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Francesco Fatone
- University of Verona , Department of Biotechnology, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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26
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Marang L, van Loosdrecht MCM, Kleerebezem R. Modeling the competition between PHA-producing and non-PHA-producing bacteria in feast-famine SBR and staged CSTR systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:2475-84. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Marang
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; Julianalaan 67 2628 BC Delft The Netherlands
| | - Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; Julianalaan 67 2628 BC Delft The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Kleerebezem
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; Julianalaan 67 2628 BC Delft The Netherlands
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27
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Valentino F, Karabegovic L, Majone M, Morgan-Sagastume F, Werker A. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) storage within a mixed-culture biomass with simultaneous growth as a function of accumulation substrate nitrogen and phosphorus levels. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 77:49-63. [PMID: 25846983 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The response of a mixed-microbial-culture (MMC) biomass for PHA accumulation was evaluated over a range of relative nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availabilities with respect to the supply of either complex (fermented whey permeate - FWP) or simpler (acetic acid) organic feedstocks. Fed-batch feed-on-demand PHA accumulation experiments were conducted where the feed N/COD and P/COD ratios were varied ranging from conditions of nutrient starvation to excess. A feast-famine enrichment (activated sludge) biomass, produced in a pilot-scale aerobic sequencing batch reactor on FWP and with a long history of stable PHA accumulation performance, was used for all the experiments as reference material. FWP with N/COD ratios of (2, 5, 15, 70 mg/g all with P/COD = 8 mg/g) as well as simulated FWP with nutrient starvation (N/COD = P/COD = 0) conditions were applied. For the acetic acid accumulations, nutrient starvation as well as N/COD variations (2.5, 5, 50 mg/g all with P/COD = 9 mg/g) and P/COD variations (0.5, 2, 9, 15 mg/g all with N/COD = 10 mg/g) were evaluated. An optimal range of combined N and P limitation with N/COD from 2 to 15 mg/g and P/COD from 0.5 to 3 mg/g was considered to offer consistent improvement of productivity over the case of nutrient starvation. Productivity increased due to active biomass growth of the PHA storing biomass without observed risk for a growth response overtaking PHA storage activity. PHA production with respect to the initial active biomass was significantly higher even in cases of excess nutrient additions when compared to the cases of nutrient starvation. The 24-h PHA productivities were enhanced as much as 4-fold from a base value of 1.35 g-PHA per gram initial active biomass with respect nutrient starvation feedstock. With or without nutrient loading the biomass consistently accumulated similar and significant PHA (nominally 60% g-PHA/g-VSS). Based on results from replicate experiments some variability in the extant biomass maximum PHA content was attributed to interpreted differences in the biomass initial physiological state and not due to changes in feedstock nutrient loading. We found that the accumulation process production rates for mixed cultures can be sustained long after the maximum PHA content of the biomass was reached. Within the specific context of the applied fed-batch feed-on-demand methods, active biomass growth was interpreted to have been largely restricted to the PHA-storing phenotypic fraction of the biomass. This study suggests practical prospects for mixed culture PHA production using a wide range of volatile fatty acid (VFA) rich feedstocks. Such VFA sources derived from residual industrial or municipal organic wastes often naturally contain associated nutrients ranging in levels from limitation to excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Valentino
- Dept. of Chemistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Majone
- Dept. of Chemistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alan Werker
- AnoxKaldnes AB, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47, Lund, Sweden; The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland, 4072 Australia.
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28
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Valentino F, Morgan-Sagastume F, Fraraccio S, Corsi G, Zanaroli G, Werker A, Majone M. Sludge minimization in municipal wastewater treatment by polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:7281-7294. [PMID: 24996948 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An innovative approach has been recently proposed in order to link polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production with sludge minimization in municipal wastewater treatment, where (1) a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is used for the simultaneous municipal wastewater treatment and the selection/enrichment of biomass with storage ability and (2) the acidogenic fermentation of the primary sludge is used to produce a stream rich in volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as the carbon source for the following PHA accumulation stage. The reliability of the proposed process has been evaluated at lab scale by using substrate synthetic mixtures for both stages, simulating a low-strength municipal wastewater and the effluent from primary sludge fermentation, respectively. Six SBR runs were performed under the same operating conditions, each time starting from a new activated sludge inoculum. In every SBR run, despite the low VFA content (10% chemical oxygen demand, COD basis) of the substrate synthetic mixture, a stable feast-famine regime was established, ensuring the necessary selection/enrichment of the sludge and soluble COD removal to 89%. A good process reproducibility was observed, as also confirmed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the microbial community, which showed that a high similarity after SBR steady-state had been reached. The main variation factors of the storage properties among different runs were uncontrolled changes of settling properties which in turn caused variations of both sludge retention time and specific organic loading rate. In the following accumulation batch tests, the selected/enriched consortium was able to accumulate PHA with good rate (63 mg CODPHA g CODXa(-1) h(-1)) and yield (0.23 CODPHA CODΔS(-1)) in spite that the feeding solution was different from the acclimation one. Even though the PHA production performance still requires optimization, the proposed process has a good potential especially if coupled to minimization of both primary sludge (by its use as the VFA source for the PHA accumulation, via previous fermentation) and excess secondary sludge (by its use as the biomass source for the PHA accumulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Valentino
- Department of Chemistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, RM, Italy,
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29
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Morgan-Sagastume F, Hjort M, Cirne D, Gérardin F, Lacroix S, Gaval G, Karabegovic L, Alexandersson T, Johansson P, Karlsson A, Bengtsson S, Arcos-Hernández MV, Magnusson P, Werker A. Integrated production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with municipal wastewater and sludge treatment at pilot scale. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 181:78-89. [PMID: 25638407 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A pilot-scale process was operated over 22 months at the Brussels North Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in order to evaluate polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production integration with services of municipal wastewater and sludge management. Activated sludge was produced with PHA accumulation potential (PAP) by applying feast-famine selection while treating the readily biodegradable COD from influent wastewater (average removals of 70% COD, 60% CODsol, 24% nitrogen, and 46% phosphorus). The biomass PAP was evaluated to be in excess of 0.4gPHA/gVSS. Batch fermentation of full-scale WWTP sludge at selected temperatures (35, 42 and 55 °C) produced centrate (6-9.4 gCODVFA/L) of consistent VFA composition, with optimal fermentation performance at 42 °C. Centrate was used to accumulate PHA up to 0.39 gPHA/gVSS. The centrate nutrients are a challenge to the accumulation process but producing a biomass with 0.5 gPHA/gVSS is considered to be realistically achievable within the typically available carbon flows at municipal waste management facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Morgan-Sagastume
- AnoxKaldnes, Veolia Water Technologies, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47 Lund, Sweden.
| | - M Hjort
- AnoxKaldnes, Veolia Water Technologies, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - D Cirne
- Dept. of Biotechnology and Biosystems, Veolia Recherche et Innovation (VERI) - Centre de Recherche de Maisons Laffitte, Chemin de la Digue - BP 76, 78603 Maisons-Laffitte, France
| | - F Gérardin
- Dept. of Biotechnology and Biosystems, Veolia Recherche et Innovation (VERI) - Centre de Recherche de Maisons Laffitte, Chemin de la Digue - BP 76, 78603 Maisons-Laffitte, France
| | - S Lacroix
- Dept. of Biotechnology and Biosystems, Veolia Recherche et Innovation (VERI) - Centre de Recherche de Maisons Laffitte, Chemin de la Digue - BP 76, 78603 Maisons-Laffitte, France
| | - G Gaval
- Dept. of Biotechnology and Biosystems, Veolia Recherche et Innovation (VERI) - Centre de Recherche de Maisons Laffitte, Chemin de la Digue - BP 76, 78603 Maisons-Laffitte, France
| | - L Karabegovic
- AnoxKaldnes, Veolia Water Technologies, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - T Alexandersson
- AnoxKaldnes, Veolia Water Technologies, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - P Johansson
- AnoxKaldnes, Veolia Water Technologies, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Karlsson
- AnoxKaldnes, Veolia Water Technologies, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - S Bengtsson
- AnoxKaldnes, Veolia Water Technologies, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - M V Arcos-Hernández
- AnoxKaldnes, Veolia Water Technologies, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - P Magnusson
- AnoxKaldnes, Veolia Water Technologies, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Werker
- AnoxKaldnes, Veolia Water Technologies, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47 Lund, Sweden
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Tamis J, Sorokin DY, Jiang Y, van Loosdrecht MCM, Kleerebezem R. Lipid recovery from a vegetable oil emulsion using microbial enrichment cultures. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:39. [PMID: 25798194 PMCID: PMC4369065 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many waste streams have a relatively high vegetable oil content, which is a potential resource that should be recovered. Microbial storage compound production for the recovery of lipids from lipid-water emulsions with open (unsterilized) microbial cultures was investigated in a sequencing batch reactor using a diluted vegetable oil emulsion as model substrate. RESULTS After feeding, triacylglycerides (TAG) were accumulated intracellular by the microbial enrichment culture and subsequently used for growth in the remainder of the sequencing batch cycle. Roughly 50% of the added TAG could be recovered as intracellular lipids in this culture. The maximum lipid storage capacity of the enrichment culture was 54% on volatile suspended solids (VSS) mass basis in a separate fed-batch accumulation experiment. The microbial community was dominated by a lipolytic fungus, Trichosporon gracile, that was responsible for intracellular lipid accumulation but also a significant fraction of lipolytic and long chain fatty-acid-utilizing bacteria was present. CONCLUSION Herewith, we demonstrate an effective strategy for enrichment of a microbial community that can accumulate significant amounts of lipids from wastewaters without the need for sterilization of substrates or equipment. Further optimization of this process will make recovery of lipids from wastewater possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelmer Tamis
- />Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitry Y Sorokin
- />Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
- />Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, RAS, Leninskii avenue, 14, Leninskii avenue, 32а, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Yang Jiang
- />Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- />Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Kleerebezem
- />Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
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Integration of poly-3-(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) production by Haloferax mediterranei through utilization of stillage from rice-based ethanol manufacture in India and its techno-economic analysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:717-27. [PMID: 25690843 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Haloferax mediterranei has potential for economical industrial-scale production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) as it can utilize cheap carbon sources, has capacity for nonsterile cultivation and allows simple product recovery. Molasses-based Indian distilleries are converting themselves to cereal-based distilleries. Waste stillage (14 l) of rice-based ethanol industry was used for the production of PHA by H. mediterranei in the simple plug-flow reactor configuration of the activated sludge process. Cells utilized stillage and accumulated 63 ± 3 % PHA of dry cell weight and produced 13.12 ± 0.05 g PHA/l. The product yield coefficient was 0.27 while 0.14 g/l h volumetric productivity was reached. Simultaneous lowering of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand values of stillage by 82 % was attained. The biopolymer was characterized as poly-3-(hydroxybutyrate-co-17.9 mol%-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). Directional properties of decanoic acid jointly with temperature-dependent water solubility in decanoic acid were employed for two-step desalination of the spent stillage medium in a cylindrical baffled-tank with an immersed heater and a stirrer holding axial and radial impellers. 99.3 % of the medium salts were recovered and re-used for PHA production. The cost of PHBV was estimated as US$2.05/kg when the annual production was simulated as 1890 tons. Desalination contributed maximally to the overall cost. Technology and cost-analysis demonstrate that PHA production integrated with ethanol manufacture is feasible in India. This study could be the basis for construction of a pilot plant.
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Abstract
This review summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge of the usage of poly(hydroxy alkanoate)s in medical and sanitary applications. Depending on the monomers incorporated into the polymers and copolymers, this class of polymers exhibits a broad range of (thermo-)plastic properties, enabling their processing by, e.g., solution casting or melt extrusion. In this review, strategies for the polymer analogous modification of these materials and their surfaces are highlighted and correlated with the potential applications of the corresponding materials and blends. While the commercial availability of purified PHAs is addressed in brief, special focus is put on the (bio-)degradability of these polymers and ways to influence the degradation mechanism and/or the duration of degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. P. Luef
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - F. Stelzer
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - F. Wiesbrock
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria
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Enrichment of Plasticicumulans acidivorans at pilot-scale for PHA production on industrial wastewater. J Biotechnol 2014; 192 Pt A:161-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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