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Vaussenat F, Bhattacharya A, Boudreau P, Boivin DB, Gagnon G, Cloutier SG. Derivative Method to Detect Sleep and Awake States through Heart Rate Variability Analysis Using Machine Learning Algorithms. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4317. [PMID: 39001096 PMCID: PMC11243930 DOI: 10.3390/s24134317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Sleep disorders can have harmful consequences in both the short and long term. They can lead to attention deficits, as well as cardiac, neurological and behavioral repercussions. One of the most widely used methods for assessing sleep disorders is polysomnography (PSG). A major challenge associated with this method is all the cables needed to connect the recording devices, making the examination more intrusive and usually requiring a clinical environment. This can have potential consequences on the test results and their accuracy. One simple way to assess the state of the central nervous system (CNS), a well-known indicator of sleep disorder, could be the use of a portable medical device. With this in mind, we implemented a simple model using both the RR interval (RRI) and its second derivative to accurately predict the awake and napping states of a subject using a feature classification model. For training and validation, we used a database providing measurements from nine healthy young adults (six men and three women), in which heart rate variability (HRV) associated with light-on, light-off, sleep onset and sleep offset events. Results show that using a 30 min RRI time series window suffices for this lightweight model to accurately predict whether the patient was awake or napping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Vaussenat
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada; (F.V.); (A.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Abhiroop Bhattacharya
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada; (F.V.); (A.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Philippe Boudreau
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; (P.B.); (D.B.B.)
| | - Diane B. Boivin
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; (P.B.); (D.B.B.)
| | - Ghyslain Gagnon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada; (F.V.); (A.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Sylvain G. Cloutier
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada; (F.V.); (A.B.); (G.G.)
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Kerner N, Goldberg TE, Cohen HR, Phillips JG, Cohen DE, Andrews H, Pelton G, Devanand DP. Sleep-wake behavior, perceived fatigability, and cognitive reserve in older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4020-4031. [PMID: 38690777 PMCID: PMC11180948 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of sleep-wake behavior on perceived fatigability and cognitive abilities when performing daily activities have not been investigated across levels of cognitive reserve (CR). METHODS CR Index Questionnaire (CRIq) data were collected and subjected to moderated mediation analysis. RESULTS In amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; n = 41), CR moderated sleep-related impairments (SRIs), and fatigability at low CR (CRIq < 105.8, p = 0.004) and mean CR (CRIq = 126.9, p = 0.03) but not high CR (CRIq > 145.9, p = 0.65) levels. SRI affected cognitive abilities mediated by fatigability at low CR (p < 0.001) and mean CR (p = 0.003) levels. In healthy controls (n = 13), SRI in fatigability did not alter cognitive abilities across CR levels; controls had higher leisure scores than patients with aMCI (p = 0.003, effect size = 0.93). DISCUSSION SRI can amplify impaired cognitive abilities through exacerbation of fatigability in patients with aMCI with below-mean CR. Therefore, improving sleep-wake regulation and leisure activities may protect against fatigability and cognitive decline. HIGHLIGHTS Clinical fatigue and fatigability cannot be alleviated by rest. Clinical fatigability disrupts daily activities during preclinical Alzheimer's. High cognitive reserve mitigates sleep-wake disturbance effects. High cognitive reserve attenuates clinical fatigability effects on daily functioning. Untreated obstructive sleep apnea potentiates Alzheimer's pathology in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Kerner
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Division of Geriatric PsychiatryNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Terry E. Goldberg
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Division of Geriatric PsychiatryNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of AnesthesiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Hannah R. Cohen
- Division of Geriatric PsychiatryNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Julia G. Phillips
- Division of Geriatric PsychiatryNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Daniel E. Cohen
- Division of Geriatric PsychiatryNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Howard Andrews
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Division of Geriatric PsychiatryNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of BiostatisticsMailman School of Public HealthColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Gregory Pelton
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Division of Geriatric PsychiatryNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- The GH Sergievsky Center and the Taub InstituteColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Davangere P. Devanand
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Division of Geriatric PsychiatryNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- The GH Sergievsky Center and the Taub InstituteColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Kaur S, Khullar N, Navik U, Bali A, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Multifaceted role of dynamin-related protein 1 in cardiovascular disease: From mitochondrial fission to therapeutic interventions. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101904. [PMID: 38763184 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central to cellular energy production and metabolic regulation, particularly in cardiomyocytes. These organelles constantly undergo cycles of fusion and fission, orchestrated by key proteins like Dynamin-related Protein 1 (Drp-1). This review focuses on the intricate roles of Drp-1 in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, its implications in cardiovascular health, and particularly in myocardial infarction. Drp-1 is not merely a mediator of mitochondrial fission; it also plays pivotal roles in autophagy, mitophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis in cardiac cells. This multifaceted functionality is often modulated through various post-translational alterations, and Drp-1's interaction with intracellular calcium (Ca2 + ) adds another layer of complexity. We also explore the pathological consequences of Drp-1 dysregulation, including increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, this review delves into the potential therapeutic interventions targeting Drp-1 to modulate mitochondrial dynamics and improve cardiovascular outcomes. We highlight recent findings on the interaction between Drp-1 and sirtuin-3 and suggest that understanding this interaction may open new avenues for therapeutically modulating endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes. As the cardiovascular system increasingly becomes the focal point of aging and chronic disease research, understanding the nuances of Drp-1's functionality can lead to innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda India
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda India.
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Alomri RM, Alghamdi Y. The Prevalence and Predictors of Sleep Disorders and Their Impact on Academic Performance Among Saudi University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e61334. [PMID: 38947619 PMCID: PMC11213967 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students encounter a variety of sleep problems that have an impact on their health and academic performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of sleep disorders and their impact on academic performance among Saudi university students. METHODS This is an online cross-sectional study that involved university students and was conducted between November 2022 and February 2023 in Saudi Arabia. Sleep disorders were examined among undergraduate students through online screening surveys including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to assess excessive daytime sleepiness, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) to measure insomnia, and the Berlin questionnaire to examine obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Restless leg syndrome (RLS) was measured using the RLS rating. SPSS version 29.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for all statistical analyses. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of having excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, sleep-disordered breathing, and RLS. RESULTS The sample included 449 participants. According to the ESS, 56.6% (n=254) of students reported excessive daytime sleepiness. Using the ISI, 78.4% (n=352) of students were found to have insomnia. The Berlin questionnaire indicated that 6.7% (n=30) of students had sleep-disordered breathing. Additionally, 13.6% (n=61) of students reported having RLS. Male students had higher odds of sleep-disordered breathing compared to females (p<0.01), while marital status showed that married students had higher odds of sleep-disordered breathing (p<0.05). Students who reported nighttime sleeping had lower odds of insomnia and restless leg syndrome (p<0.05). Having regular sleeping times was associated with higher odds of insomnia (p<0.05). Napping sometimes was associated with higher odds of excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep-disordered breathing (p<0.05). Students working day and night shifts had higher odds of sleep-disordered breathing (p<0.01). Interestingly, students with comorbidities had lower odds of RLS (p<0.01). CONCLUSION This study established that sleep disturbances among students significantly reduce grade point averages (GPAs), where the most affected were male students and those who were married. The government should implement sleep education programs, provide resources for the management of sleep, encourage consistent sleep schedules, and come up with targeted interventions for at-risk groups. More research is also recommended on effective sleep interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridwan M Alomri
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences and Media, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Yaser Alghamdi
- Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
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Holland-Winkler AM, Greene DR, Oberther TJ. The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2169. [PMID: 38673442 PMCID: PMC11050272 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The occupational requirements of full-time non-administrative firefighters include shift-work schedules and chronic exposure to alerting emergency alarms, hazardous working conditions, and psychologically traumatic events that they must attend and respond to. These compiling and enduring aspects of the career increase the firefighter's risk for insomnia and mental health conditions compared to the general population. Poor sleep quality and mental health impairments are known to coincide with and contribute to the symptom severity of one another. Thus, it is important to determine approaches that may improve sleep and/or mental health specifically for firefighters, as their occupation varies in many aspects from any other occupation. This review will discuss symptoms of insomnia and mental health conditions such as PTSD, anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and suicide in firefighters. The influencing factors of sleep and mental health will be examined including anxiety sensitivity, emotional regulation, and distress tolerance. Current sleep and mental health interventions specific to full-time firefighters are limited in number; however, the existing experimental studies will be outlined. Lastly, this review will provide support for exploring exercise as a possible intervention that may benefit the sleep and mental health of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelia M. Holland-Winkler
- Department of Kinesiology, Augusta University, 3109 Wrightsboro Road, Augusta, GA 30909, USA; (D.R.G.); (T.J.O.)
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Agostini A, Centofanti S. Normal Sleep in Children and Adolescence. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2024; 47:1-14. [PMID: 38302199 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Adequate sleep is essential for healthy development in childhood and adolescence. Healthy sleep contributes to good physical health, immune function, mental health, and academic performance. The regulation and architecture of sleep change greatly across childhood and adolescence, and the ability to obtain sufficient sleep is impacted by a range of factors that change with maturation. This article describes normal sleep across childhood and adolescence and discusses some of the most common barriers to adequate sleep, including early school start times, technology use, and changes to circadian rhythms, and sleep homeostasis across puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Agostini
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Stephanie Centofanti
- UniSA Online, University of South Australia, University of South Australia Online, L4, Catherine Helen Spence Building, City West Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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Wang S, Liu L, Liang S, Yang J, Zhang Y, Liu X. Effects of BXSMD on ESR1 and ESR2 expression in CSD female mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116973. [PMID: 37517566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Due to the rapid pace of modern society, chronic insomnia has become universal phenomenon. In China, Banxia Shumi Decoction (BXSMD) has been used in treating chronic insomnia for thousands of years, but its chemical composition and action mechanism are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the chemical composition of BXSMD and its effects on Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and Estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) in mice with chronic sleep deprivation (CSD). MATERIALS AND METHODS UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS was applied in determining the chemical composition of BXSMD. After 21-day sleep deprivation (SD) in platform water environment, CSD mice model was prepared. By conducting open field test, 24-h autonomic diurnal and nocturnal activity of mice in each group was detected. ELISA was employed to measure the contents of 5-HT, DA, NE, GABA, Glu, and MT. With RT-PCR, Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), mRNA and protein expressions of ESR1 and ESR2 in the hypothalamus and hippocampus were tested. RESULTS BXSMD included ferulic acid, kaverol, daidzein, apigenin, berberine, adenosine, aesculin, vanillin, naringin, and glycine, which might constitute the material basis forthe improvement of chronic insomnia. With BXSMD, the total moving distance and the rest time in dark period of CSD mice were shortened, while its rest time in light period was increased. Besides, BXSMD enhanced the contents of 5-HT, GABA, and MT in CSD mice, and decreased the contents of Glu, NE, and DA. BXSMD elevated the mRNA of Esr1 and Esr2, and elevated the protein expressions of ESR1 and ESR2 in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of CSD mice. CONCLUSIONS BXSMD contains various chemical components for sleep-wake regulation, with the mechanism of stimulating estrogen signaling pathway by regulating the expressions of ESR1 and ESR2, ultimately realizing the regulation to sleep-wake disorder caused by CSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Leilei Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Shuzhi Liang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jinni Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xijian Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Johnson CE, Duncan MJ, Murphy MP. Sex and Sleep Disruption as Contributing Factors in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:31-74. [PMID: 38007653 PMCID: PMC10842753 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more women than men, with women throughout the menopausal transition potentially being the most under researched and at-risk group. Sleep disruptions, which are an established risk factor for AD, increase in prevalence with normal aging and are exacerbated in women during menopause. Sex differences showing more disrupted sleep patterns and increased AD pathology in women and female animal models have been established in literature, with much emphasis placed on loss of circulating gonadal hormones with age. Interestingly, increases in gonadotropins such as follicle stimulating hormone are emerging to be a major contributor to AD pathogenesis and may also play a role in sleep disruption, perhaps in combination with other lesser studied hormones. Several sleep influencing regions of the brain appear to be affected early in AD progression and some may exhibit sexual dimorphisms that may contribute to increased sleep disruptions in women with age. Additionally, some of the most common sleep disorders, as well as multiple health conditions that impair sleep quality, are more prevalent and more severe in women. These conditions are often comorbid with AD and have bi-directional relationships that contribute synergistically to cognitive decline and neuropathology. The association during aging of increased sleep disruption and sleep disorders, dramatic hormonal changes during and after menopause, and increased AD pathology may be interacting and contributing factors that lead to the increased number of women living with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E. Johnson
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marilyn J. Duncan
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - M. Paul Murphy
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY, USA
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Petkovic M, Yalçin M, Heese O, Relógio A. Differential expression of the circadian clock network correlates with tumour progression in gliomas. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:154. [PMID: 37400829 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01585-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are tumours arising mostly from astrocytic or oligodendrocytic precursor cells. These tumours are classified according to the updated WHO classification from 2021 in 4 grades depending on molecular and histopathological criteria. Despite novel multimodal therapeutic approaches, the vast majority of gliomas (WHO grade III and IV) are not curable. The circadian clock is an important regulator of numerous cellular processes and its dysregulation had been found during the progression of many cancers, including gliomas. RESULTS In this study, we explore expression patterns of clock-controlled genes in low-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and show that a set of 45 clock-controlled genes can be used to distinguish GBM from normal tissue. Subsequent analysis identified 17 clock-controlled genes with a significant association with survival. The results point to a loss of correlation strength within elements of the circadian clock network in GBM compared to LGG. We further explored the progression patterns of mutations in LGG and GBM, and showed that tumour suppressor APC is lost late both in LGG and GBM. Moreover, HIF1A, involved in cellular response to hypoxia, exhibits subclonal losses in LGG, and TERT, involved in the formation of telomerase, is lost late in the GBM progression. By examining multi-sample LGG data, we find that the clock-controlled driver genes APC, HIF1A, TERT and TP53 experience frequent subclonal gains and losses. CONCLUSIONS Our results show a higher level of disrgulation at the gene expression level in GBM compared to LGG, and indicate an association between the differentially expressed clock-regulated genes and patient survival in both LGG and GBM. By reconstructing the patterns of progression in LGG and GBM, our data reveals the relatively late gains and losses of clock-regulated glioma drivers. Our analysis emphasizes the role of clock-regulated genes in glioma development and progression. Yet, further research is needed to asses their value in the development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Petkovic
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Müge Yalçin
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Systems Medicine, Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Heese
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spinal Surgery, HELIOS Medical Center Schwerin, University Campus of MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute for Systems Medicine, Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457, Hamburg, Germany.
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Bormes G, Love J, Akeju O, Cherry J, Kunorozva L, Qadri S, Rahman SA, Westover B, Winkelman J, Lane JM. Self-Directed Home-Based Dim-Light Melatonin Onset Collection: The Circadia Pilot Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.26.23290467. [PMID: 37398260 PMCID: PMC10312844 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.23290467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Study Objectives To test the feasibility of a novel at-home salivary Dim Light Melatonin Onset (DLMO) assessment protocol to measure the endogenous circadian phase of 10 individuals ( 1 Advanced Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder patient (ASWPD), 4 Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder patients (DSWPD), and 5 controls). Methods The study involved 10 participants (sex at birth: females = 9; male= 1), who ranged between 27 to 63 years old, with an average age of 38 years old. Our study population consisted of 7 individuals who identified as white and 3 who identified as Asian. Our participants were diverse in gender identity (woman = 7, male = 1, transgender = 1, nonbinary = 1, none = 1).The study tracked the sleep and activity patterns of 10 individuals over a 5-6 week period using self-reported online sleep diaries and objective actigraphy data. Participants completed two self-directed DLMO assessments, approximately one week apart, adhering to objective compliance measures. Participants completed the study entirely remotely: they completed all sleep diaries and other evaluations online and were mailed a kit with all materials needed to perform the actigraphy and at-home sample collections. Results Salivary DLMO times were calculated for 8/10 participants using the Hockeystick method. DLMO times were on average 3 hours and 18 minutes earlier than self-reported sleep onset times (DSPD: 12:04 AM, controls: 9:55 PM.) Among the 6 participants for whom we calculated two separate DLMO times, DLMOs 1 and 2 were 96% correlated (p<0.0005.). Conclusions Our results indicate that self-directed, at-home DLMO assessments are feasible and accurate. The current protocol may serve as a framework to reliably assess circadian phase in both clinical and general populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Bormes
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jessica Love
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Oluwaseun Akeju
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jakob Cherry
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Lovemore Kunorozva
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Salim Qadri
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Shadab A Rahman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Brandon Westover
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - John Winkelman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA USA
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Lee K, Lee C. Generation of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockin mutant models in mice and MEFs for studies of polymorphism in clock genes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8109. [PMID: 37208532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The creation of mutant mice has been invaluable for advancing biomedical science, but is too time- and resource-intensive for investigating the full range of mutations and polymorphisms. Cell culture models are therefore an invaluable complement to mouse models, especially for cell-autonomous pathways like the circadian clock. In this study, we quantitatively assessed the use of CRISPR to create cell models in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as compared to mouse models. We generated two point mutations in the clock genes Per1 and Per2 in mice and in MEFs using the same sgRNAs and repair templates for HDR and quantified the frequency of the mutations by digital PCR. The frequency was about an order of magnitude higher in mouse zygotes compared to that in MEFs. However, the mutation frequency in MEFs was still high enough for clonal isolation by simple screening of a few dozen individual cells. The Per mutant cells that we generated provide important new insights into the role of the PAS domain in regulating PER phosphorylation, a key aspect of the circadian clock mechanism. Quantification of the mutation frequency in bulk MEF populations provides a valuable basis for optimizing CRISPR protocols and time/resource planning for generating cell models for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangjun Lee
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Choogon Lee
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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12
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Cho SS, Chung BH, Lee HE, Kang MY. Association between social jetlag and chronic kidney disease among the Korean working population. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5998. [PMID: 37045895 PMCID: PMC10097717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Social jetlag refers to the discrepancy between social time and the body's internal rhythm, which can lead to unfavorable health outcomes. However, no study has directly explored the relation between social jetlag and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to investigate the relationship between social jetlag and CKD in a representative population of South Korea. This study included 8259 currently economically active Korean population in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Social jetlag was calculated as the difference between the midpoint of sleep time on weekdays and free days. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated the by using the serum creatinine value according to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Participants with an eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 were defined as CKD cases. The estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased as social jetlag increased. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of CKD for 1-2 h of social jetlag was 0.926 (0.660-1.299), while the odds ratio for more than 2 h was 2.042 (1.328-3.139) when less than 1 h was used as reference. This study found that social jetlag and risk of CKD were significantly related in the Korean working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Sik Cho
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Lee
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mo-Yeol Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Ludwig M, Basti A, Yalçin M, Schulte JH, Relógio A. Molecular characterization of the circadian clock in paediatric leukaemia patients: a prospective study protocol. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:105. [PMID: 36870963 PMCID: PMC9985245 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-03921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many organisms, including humans, the timing of cellular processes is regulated by the circadian clock. At the molecular level the core-clock consists of transcriptional-translational-feedback loops including several genes such as BMAL1, CLOCK, PERs and CRYs generating circa 24-h rhythms in the expression of about 40% of our genes across all tissues. Previously these core-clock genes have been shown to be differentially expressed in various cancers. Albeit a significant effect in treatment optimization of chemotherapy timing in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia has previously been reported, the mechanistic role played by the molecular circadian clock in acute paediatric leukaemia remains elusive. METHODS To characterize the circadian clock, we will recruit patients with newly diagnosed leukaemia and collect time course saliva and blood samples, as well as a single bone marrow sample. From the blood and bone marrow samples nucleated cells will be isolated and further undergo separation into CD19+ and CD19- cells. qPCR is performed on all samples targeting the core-clock genes including BMAL1, CLOCK, PER2 and CRY1. Resulting data will be analysed for circadian rhythmicity using the RAIN algorithm and harmonic regression. DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge this is the first study aiming to characterize the circadian clock in a cohort of paediatric patients with acute leukaemia. In the future we hope to contribute to uncovering further vulnerabilities of cancers associated with the molecular circadian clock and in particular adjust chemotherapy accordingly, leading to more targeted toxicity, and hence decreased systemic toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ludwig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alireza Basti
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Müge Yalçin
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457, Hamburg, Germany.
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14
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Endogenous circadian reporters reveal functional differences of PERIOD paralogs and the significance of PERIOD:CK1 stable interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212255120. [PMID: 36724252 PMCID: PMC9962996 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212255120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse consequences from having a faulty circadian clock include compromised sleep quality and poor performance in the short-term, and metabolic diseases and cancer in the long-term. However, our understanding of circadian disorders is limited by the incompleteness of our molecular models and our dearth of defined mutant models. Because it would be prohibitively expensive to develop live animal models to study the full range of complicated clock mechanisms, we developed PER1-luc and PER2-luc endogenous circadian reporters in a validated clock cell model, U-2 OS, where the genome can be easily manipulated, and functional consequences of mutations can be accurately studied. When major clock genes were knocked out in these cells, circadian rhythms were modulated similarly compared with corresponding mutant mice, validating the platform for genetics studies. Using these reporter cells, we uncovered critical differences between two paralogs of PER. Although PER1 and PER2 are considered redundant and either one can serve as a pacemaker alone, they were dramatically different in biochemical parameters such as stability and phosphorylation kinetics. Consistently, circadian phase was dramatically different between PER1 and PER2 knockout reporter cells. We further showed that the stable binding of casein kinase1δ/ε to PER is not required for PER phosphorylation itself, but is critical for delayed timing of phosphorylation. Our system can be used as an efficient platform to study circadian disorders associated with pathogenic mutations and their underlying molecular mechanisms.
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15
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Joshi K, Das M, Sarma A, Arora MK, SInghal M, Kumar B. Insight on Cardiac Chronobiology and Latest Developments of Chronotherapeutic Antihypertensive Interventions for Better Clinical Outcomes. Curr Hypertens Rev 2023; 19:106-122. [PMID: 36624649 DOI: 10.2174/1573402119666230109142156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac circadian rhythms are an important regulator of body functions, including cardiac activities and blood pressure. Disturbance of circadian rhythm is known to trigger and aggravate various cardiovascular diseases. Thus, modulating the circadian rhythm can be used as a therapeutic approach to cardiovascular diseases. Through this work, we intend to discuss the current understanding of cardiac circadian rhythms, in terms of quantifiable parameters like BP and HR. We also elaborate on the molecular regulators and the molecular cascades along with their specific genetic aspects involved in modulating circadian rhythms, with specific reference to cardiovascular health and cardiovascular diseases. Along with this, we also presented the latest pharmacogenomic and metabolomics markers involved in chronobiological control of the cardiovascular system along with their possible utility in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and therapeutics. Finally, we reviewed the current expert opinions on chronotherapeutic approaches for utilizing the conventional as well as the new pharmacological molecules for antihypertensive chronotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Joshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology, Greater Noida, India
| | - Madhubanti Das
- Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, GIPS, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mandeep K Arora
- School of Pharmacy and population health informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Manmohan SInghal
- School of Pharmacy and population health informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Bhavna Kumar
- School of Pharmacy and population health informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
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16
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Sleep quality traits correlate with inflammatory markers in the breast tissue of women. Cytokine 2022; 160:156028. [PMID: 36099755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several mechanisms have been posited to play a role in the sleep and breast cancer association, including alterations in immune function, but evidence remains inconclusive. A closer look at how sleep quality traits affect the breast microenvironment may provide clues for molecular mechanisms underlying the link between sleep and breast cancer. We examined the association between sleep quality traits (sleep duration, sleep aids, and insomnia) and tissue-based protein levels and gene expression of several inflammatory markers associated with breast cancer. METHODS Breast tissues (normal n = 165 and adipose n = 74) were surgically obtained from women diagnosed with breast cancer. Protein levels by immunohistochemistry were determined using the quickscore method for 11 inflammatory markers in the normal epithelial breast tissue (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), leptin, serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), lactoferrin, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 markers (STAT3). Relative quantification of 4 genes (COX-2, IL-6, TNF-α and LEP) in the adipose breast tissue was carried out using qPCR. Patient characteristics and sleep traits (average sleep duration per night, taking sleeping aids in the past year, and the average number of insomnia episodes per month) were determined by telephone interview. Associations were tested using Spearman's rank correlation (rs) coefficients adjusted (ars) for age at surgery, menopausal status and PCR batch when applicable. Sleep duration categories (<7, 7-9, >9 h) and root- or log-transformed biomarker levels were examined with adjusted linear mixed models. RESULTS TGF-β and CRP levels in normal epithelial breast tissue were positively correlated with sleep aids (ars = 0.28, p = 0.013), and insomnia (ars = 0.23, p = 0.044) in postmenopausal women, respectively. IL-6 in the adipose breast tissue was inversely correlated with sleep aids (ars = -0.26, p = 0.029) in all women. None of the sleep traits significantly correlated with inflammatory markers in premenopausal women. Several markers tended to correlate at 0.05 ≥ p ≤ 0.10. Adjusted mean levels of inflammatory markers were significantly different across sleep duration categories (<7, 7-9, >9 h). Higher mean levels of IL-6, CRP, IL-10, and IL-6 and COX-2 expression were noted in the breast tissues of women sleeping < 7, and particularly, >9 h per night (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that sleep duration, sleep aids, and insomnia may differently affect women's breast tissues depending on menopausal status. From a public health perspective, these results warrant further validation in larger studies. Since sleep is a modifiable factor, it may be an interesting approach for breast cancer prevention.
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17
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Bilu C, Einat H, Zimmet P, Kronfeld-Schor N. Circadian rhythms-related disorders in diurnal fat sand rats under modern lifestyle conditions: A review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:963449. [PMID: 36160856 PMCID: PMC9489903 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.963449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyle reduces environmental rhythmicity and may lead to circadian desynchrony. We are exposed to poor day-time lighting indoors and excessive night-time artificial light. We use air-conditioning to reduce ambient temperature cycle, and food is regularly available at all times. These disruptions of daily rhythms may lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), depression and anxiety, all of which impose major public health and economic burden on societies. Therefore, we need appropriate animal models to gain a better understanding of their etiologic mechanisms, prevention, and management.We argue that the fat sand rat (Psammomys obesus), a diurnal animal model, is most suitable for studying the effects of modern-life conditions. Numerous attributes make it an excellent model to study human health disorders including T2DM, CMD, depression and anxiety. Here we review a comprehensive series of studies we and others conducted, utilizing the fat sand rat to study the underlying interactions between biological rhythms and health. Understanding these interactions will help deciphering the biological basis of these diseases, which often occur concurrently. We found that when kept in the laboratory (compared with natural and semi-wild outdoors conditions where they are diurnal), fat sand rats show low amplitude, nocturnal or arrhythmic activity patterns, dampened daily glucose rhythm, glucose intolerance, obesity and decreased survival rates. Short photoperiod acclimation exacerbates these pathologies and further dampens behavioral and molecular daily rhythms, resulting in CMD, T2DM, obesity, adipocyte dysfunction, cataracts, depression and anxiety. Increasing environmental rhythmicity by morning bright light exposure or by access to running wheels strengthens daily rhythms, and results in higher peak-to-trough difference in activity, better rhythmicity in clock genes expression, lower blood glucose and insulin levels, improved glucose tolerance, lower body and heart weight, and lower anxiety and depression. In summary, we have demonstrated that fat sand rats living under the correspondent of “human modern lifestyle” conditions exhibit dampened behavioral and biological rhythms and develop circadian desynchrony, which leads to what we have named “The Circadian Syndrome”. Environmental manipulations that increase rhythmicity result in improvement or prevention of these pathologies. Similar interventions in human subjects could have the same positive results and further research on this should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Bilu
- School of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Carmel Bilu,
| | - Haim Einat
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Paul Zimmet
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Buel SM, Debopadhaya S, De los Santos H, Edwards KM, David AM, Dao UH, Bennett KP, Hurley JM. The PAICE suite reveals circadian posttranscriptional timing of noncoding RNAs and spliceosome components in Mus musculus macrophages. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:6649694. [PMID: 35876788 PMCID: PMC9434326 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms broadly regulate physiological functions by tuning oscillations in the levels of mRNAs and proteins to the 24-h day/night cycle. Globally assessing which mRNAs and proteins are timed by the clock necessitates accurate recognition of oscillations in RNA and protein data, particularly in large omics data sets. Tools that employ fixed-amplitude models have previously been used to positive effect. However, the recognition of amplitude change in circadian oscillations required a new generation of analytical software to enhance the identification of these oscillations. To address this gap, we created the Pipeline for Amplitude Integration of Circadian Exploration suite. Here, we demonstrate the Pipeline for Amplitude Integration of Circadian Exploration suite's increased utility to detect circadian trends through the joint modeling of the Mus musculus macrophage transcriptome and proteome. Our enhanced detection confirmed extensive circadian posttranscriptional regulation in macrophages but highlighted that some of the reported discrepancy between mRNA and protein oscillations was due to noise in data. We further applied the Pipeline for Amplitude Integration of Circadian Exploration suite to investigate the circadian timing of noncoding RNAs, documenting extensive circadian timing of long noncoding RNAs and small nuclear RNAs, which control the recognition of mRNA in the spliceosome complex. By tracking oscillating spliceosome complex proteins using the PAICE suite, we noted that the clock broadly regulates the spliceosome, particularly the major spliceosome complex. As most of the above-noted rhythms had damped amplitude changes in their oscillations, this work highlights the importance of the PAICE suite in the thorough enumeration of oscillations in omics-scale datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kaelyn M Edwards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Alexandra M David
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Uyen H Dao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Kristin P Bennett
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA,Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA,Institute for Data Exploration and Applications, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Jennifer M Hurley
- Corresponding author: Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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19
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Brown BWJ, Crowther ME, Appleton SL, Melaku YA, Adams RJ, Reynolds AC. Shift work disorder and the prevalence of help seeking behaviors for sleep concerns in Australia: A descriptive study. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:714-724. [PMID: 35253569 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2032125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Shift work disorder (SWD) is a circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, defined by symptoms of insomnia and excessive levels of sleepiness resulting from work that occurs during non-standard hours. Sleep problems are common in shift workers, yet our understanding of help seeking behaviours for sleep in shift workers is limited. The primary aim of this study was to examine the help seeking behaviours of Australian workers who meet criteria for SWD. Of the 448 (46% of sample, n = 964 total) Australian workers reporting non-standard work hours, 10.5% (n = 41) met the criteria for probable shift work disorder (pSWD). Non-standard workers with pSWD did not seek help for sleep problems at higher rates than workers without SWD. Of the small proportion of workers with pSWD who sought help, general practitioners were the most common healthcare professionals for sleep problems. Self-management was common in workers with pSWD, with a high self-reported prevalence of alcohol use (31.7%) as a sleep management strategy, and caffeine consumption (76.9%) as a sleepiness management strategy. The majority of individuals with pSWD reported the mentality of 'accept it and keep going' as a sleepiness management strategy, highlighting a potential barrier to help seeking behaviour in workers with pSWD. These findings provide novel insight into the help seeking behaviours of those with pSWD. There is a need for further research to understand why individuals at risk for SWD are not actively seeking help, and to develop health promotion and intervention strategies to improve help seeking when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon W J Brown
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health)/Adelaide Institute of Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Sarah L Appleton
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health)/Adelaide Institute of Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yohannes Adama Melaku
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health)/Adelaide Institute of Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert J Adams
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health)/Adelaide Institute of Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amy C Reynolds
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health)/Adelaide Institute of Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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20
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Louis M, Staiano P, Micalo L, Chaudary N. Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep Circadian Rhythms. Pulm Ther 2022; 8:139-147. [PMID: 35149967 PMCID: PMC9098776 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-022-00184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is due to a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR), which leads to unusual water and chloride secretion across epithelial surfaces. The lungs are responsible for most morbidity, though other organs are frequently affected. Sleep abnormalities have long been recognized in CF. Abnormal ventilation and oxygenation, sinus disease, deconditioning due to muscle weakness and recurrent infections, and inflammation have been thought to play a role in sleep disorders in CF. However, there is evidence that CFTR gene dysregulation can affect circadian rhythms in CF. Early recognition and treatment of circadian rhythms may improve outcomes in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Louis
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Staiano
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Lavender Micalo
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 East Broad Street, Box 980050, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Nauman Chaudary
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 East Broad Street, Box 980050, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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21
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Gabryelska A, Turkiewicz S, Karuga FF, Sochal M, Strzelecki D, Białasiewicz P. Disruption of Circadian Rhythm Genes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients-Possible Mechanisms Involved and Clinical Implication. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020709. [PMID: 35054894 PMCID: PMC8775490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent pauses in breathing caused by the collapse of the upper airways, which results in intermittent hypoxia and arousals during the night. The disorder is associated with a vast number of comorbidities affecting different systems, including cardiovascular, metabolic, psychiatric, and neurological complications. Due to abnormal sleep architecture, OSA patients are at high risk of circadian clock disruption, as has been reported in several recent studies. The circadian clock affects almost all daily behavioral patterns, as well as a plethora of physiological processes, and might be one of the key factors contributing to OSA complications. An intricate interaction between the circadian clock and hypoxia may further affect these processes, which has a strong foundation on the molecular level. Recent studies revealed an interaction between hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a key regulator of oxygen metabolism, and elements of circadian clocks. This relationship has a strong base in the structure of involved elements, as HIF-1 as well as PER, CLOCK, and BMAL, belong to the same Per-Arnt-Sim domain family. Therefore, this review summarizes the available knowledge on the molecular mechanism of circadian clock disruption and its influence on the development and progression of OSA comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-660796004
| | - Szymon Turkiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Filip Franciszek Karuga
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Marcin Sochal
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Białasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
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22
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Kumar D, Sharma A, Taliyan R, Urmera MT, Herrera Calderon O, Heinbockel T, Rahman S, Goyal R. Orchestration of the circadian clock and its association with Alzheimer's disease: Role of endocannabinoid signaling. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101533. [PMID: 34844016 PMCID: PMC8729113 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24-hour natural rhythms regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, also known as the "master clock". The retino-hypothalamic tract entrains suprachiasmatic nucleus with photic information to synchronise endogenous circadian rhythms with the Earth's light-dark cycle. However, despite the robustness of circadian rhythms, an unhealthy lifestyle and chronic photic disturbances cause circadian rhythm disruption in the suprachiasmatic nucleus's TTFL loops via affecting glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated neurotransmission in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Recently, considerable evidence has been shown correlating CRd with the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. The present review aims to identify the existence and signalling of endocannabinoids in CRd induced Alzheimer's disease through retino-hypothalamic tract- suprachiasmatic nucleus-cortex. Immunohistochemistry has confirmed the expression of cannabinoid receptor 1 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus to modulate the circadian phases of the master clock. Literature also suggests that cannabinoids may alter activity of suprachiasmatic nucleus by influencing the activity of their major neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid or by interacting indirectly with the suprachiasmatic nucleus's two other major inputs i.e., the geniculo-hypothalamic tract-mediated release of neuropeptide Y and serotonergic inputs from the dorsal raphe nuclei. Besides, the expression of cannabinoid receptor 2 ameliorates cognitive deficits via reduction of tauopathy and microglial activation. In conclusion, endocannabinoids may be identified as a putative target for correcting CRd and decelerating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Ashish Sharma
- School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333301, India
| | - Maiko T. Urmera
- Institute on Aging and Centre for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oscar Herrera Calderon
- Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Thomas Heinbockel
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Rohit Goyal
- Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India.,Corresponding author: Dr Rohit Goyal, Professor, Department of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India, ; Mob. +91 98160 62679
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Kumar D, Sharma A, Taliyan R, Urmera MT, Herrera-Calderon O, Heinbockel T, Rahman S, Goyal R. Orchestration of the circadian clock and its association with Alzheimer's disease: Role of endocannabinoid signaling. Ageing Res Rev 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kimura S, Takaoka Y, Toyoura M, Kohira S, Ohta M. Core body temperature changes in school-age children with circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder. Sleep Med 2021; 87:97-104. [PMID: 34547649 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Core body temperature (CBT) is considered a valuable marker for circadian rhythm. This study aimed to investigate the changes in CBT that are associated with the symptoms of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder (CRSWD) post-treatment in children. PATIENTS/METHODS Twenty-eight school-age children [10 boys and 18 girls; mean age (±standard deviation), 13.68 ± 0.93 years] who were admitted to our hospital with CRSWD underwent treatment for 6-8 weeks according to the following protocol: lights-out for sleep at 21:00; phototherapy for waking at 6:00 or 7:00; light exercise everyday (eg, a 20- to 30-min walk). CBT was continuously measured for 24 h on the first day of admission and on the first day after treatment. RESULTS The mean time of sleep onset/offset (±standard deviation; in hours:minutes) 1 week before admission and 1 week after treatment were 23:53 ± 2:26/9:58 ± 2:15 and 21:17 ± 0:19/6:46 ± 0:32, respectively. The mean times of sleep onset and offset measured post-treatment were significantly earlier than those measured pre-treatment (p < 0.001). The mean CBT and mean minimum CBT during sleep were significantly lower on the first day post-treatment than on the first day of admission (p = 0.011 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Symptom improvements in patients with CRSWD were associated with a decrease in CBT during sleep, suggesting that CBT may be a biomarker for improvements in CRSWD. These results help elucidate the cause of this sleep disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemi Kimura
- Children's Rehabilitation, Sleep and Development Medical Center, Hyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Central Hospital, 1070 Akebono-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2181, Japan; Division of Medical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Takaoka
- Division of Medical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; Data Science Center for Medicine and Hospital Management, Toyama University Hospital, 2630, Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan; Division of Medical Law and Ethics, Department of Medical Systems, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Makiko Toyoura
- Children's Rehabilitation, Sleep and Development Medical Center, Hyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Central Hospital, 1070 Akebono-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2181, Japan
| | - Shinji Kohira
- Children's Rehabilitation, Sleep and Development Medical Center, Hyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Central Hospital, 1070 Akebono-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2181, Japan
| | - Mika Ohta
- Division of Medical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; Data Science Center for Medicine and Hospital Management, Toyama University Hospital, 2630, Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan; Division of Medical Law and Ethics, Department of Medical Systems, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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25
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Feng ZY, Yang SD, Wang T, Guo S. Effect of Melatonin for Regulating Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:717913. [PMID: 34540834 PMCID: PMC8440901 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone, synthesized in the pineal gland, which primarily controls the circadian rhythm of the body. In recent years, melatonin has also been shown to regulate metabolism, provide neuroprotection, and act as an anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenger. There has also been a recent research interest in the role of melatonin in regulating mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs are pivotal for their ability to differentiate into a variety of different tissues. There is also increasing evidence for the therapeutic prospects of MSCs via paracrine signaling. In addition to secreting cytokines and chemokines, MSCs can secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), allowing them to respond to injury and promote tissue regeneration. While there has been a major research interest in the use of MSCs for regenerative medicine, the clinical application is limited by many risks, including tumorigenicity, senescence, and sensitivity to toxic environments. The use of MSC-derived EVs for cell-free therapy can potentially avoid the disadvantages of MSCs, which makes this an exciting prospect for regenerative medicine. Prior research has shown that MSCs, via paracrine mechanisms, can identify receptor-independent responses to melatonin and then activate a series of downstream pathways, which exert a variety of effects, including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. Here we review the synthesis of melatonin, its mechanisms of action, and the effect of melatonin on MSCs via paracrine signaling. Furthermore, we summarize the current clinical applications of melatonin and discuss future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu-De Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Energy Balance and Control of Body Weight: Possible Effects of Meal Timing and Circadian Rhythm Dysregulation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093276. [PMID: 34579152 PMCID: PMC8470941 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation of the energy equilibrium can be considered a dynamic process and variations of one component (energy intake or energy expenditure) cause biological and/or behavioral compensatory changes in the other part of the system. The interplay between energy demand and caloric intake appears designed to guarantee an adequate food supply in variable life contexts. The circadian rhythm plays a major role in systemic homeostasis by acting as “timekeeper” of the human body, under the control of central and peripheral clocks that regulate many physiological functions such as sleep, hunger and body temperature. Clock-associated biological processes anticipate the daily demands imposed by the environment, being synchronized under ideal physiologic conditions. Factors that interfere with the expected demand, including daily distribution of macronutrients, physical activity and light exposure, may disrupt the physiologic harmony between predicted and actual behavior. Such a desynchronization may favor the development of a wide range of disease-related processes, including obesity and its comorbidities. Evidence has been provided that the main components of 24-h EE may be affected by disruption of the circadian rhythm. The sleep pattern, meal timing and meal composition could mediate these effects. An increased understanding of the crosstalk between disruption of the circadian rhythm and energy balance may shed light on the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying weight gain, which may eventually lead to design effective strategies to fight the obesity pandemic.
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Aung O, Weber ET. Differential effects of time-restricted feeding on circadian locomotor activity, food intake and body weight gain in BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J mice. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1970395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Aung
- Department of Biology, Behavioral Neuroscience and Health Sciences, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - E. Todd Weber
- Department of Biology, Behavioral Neuroscience and Health Sciences, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
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Sfeir E, Haddad C, Akel M, Hallit S, Obeid S. Sleep disorders in a sample of Lebanese children: the role of parental mental health and child nutrition and activity. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:324. [PMID: 34301219 PMCID: PMC8298696 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02795-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep habits are an important component of a child's health and it is affected by parent-child relationship. Also, child's diet and nutrition appear to be an important factor affecting sleep health. Few studies have addressed the effect of parental emotional disturbance that can leave on children's sleep. Therefore, the objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders in pre- and school-aged children and evaluate its relation with parental mental health and child's nutrition and activity. METHODS A cross-sectional study, conducted between October 2020 and January 2021, which enrolled 402 Lebanese parents from all over Lebanon. The questionnaire was distributed online using the snowball technique. The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was used to assess pediatric sleep behaviors and the Family Nutrition and physical activity questionnaire was used to assess parental behaviors that might predispose children for obesity. RESULTS A total of 76 (19%) children had sleep disorders (PSQ scores of 8 or more). The multivariable analysis showed that higher paternal depression (Beta = 0.079, p = 0.010), maternal depression (Beta = 0.089, p = 0.001) and higher anxiety in the father (Beta = 0.064, p = 0.021) were significantly associated with higher PSQ scores (worse sleep) in the child. Higher Family Nutrition and Physical Activity Screening Tool scores in the child (Beta = -0.161, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with lower PSQ scores (better sleep). CONCLUSION Paternal anxiety and depression, as well as maternal depression, were factors associated with children's sleeping disorders. Future studies are needed to assess parental influence on child's development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Sfeir
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, GEIST, U1094, Limoges, France
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, D'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, D'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, D'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
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Vitale E, Galatola V, Mea R, Dio FD, Canonico A. The linkage "Body Mass Index-Insomnia Levels-Eating Disorder Flexibility" in Italian nurses during the Covid-19 outbreak: a psychoendocrinological employment disease. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:490-501. [PMID: 34269670 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666210715125939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate differences between insomnia condition and flexibility attitude to eating in Italian nurses directly involved in the care of patients affected by Covid-19 according to sex, Body Mass Index, shift working condition and incidence of new Covid-19 cases in the region of participants. Moreover, any correlations between the insomnia condition and the flexible attitude to eat have been investigated. METHODS An online questionnaire was administered in October 2020, including the socio-demographic section, the insomnia condition assessment, and the behavioral flexibility evaluation to develop an eating disorder. RESULTS 341 Italian nurses answered the questionnaire. Regarding the insomnia condition levels, nurses belonging to regions with a higher incidence rate of the Covid-19 pandemic recorded higher levels of insomnia than others (p=.004). Females and nurses belonging to areas with lower Covid-19 incidence rate recorded a significantly higher total eating flexibility attitude (p=.003; p<.001), also, in the Food and Exercise flexibility (p=.007; p<.001). As regards the flexible attitude for weight and shape, significant differences were recorded among nurses according to their BMI values (p<.001) and to their incidence rate of the belonging region (p<.001). The insomnia condition levels significantly correlated with the eat flexibility attitude both in its total score (p=.010), in the general score (p=.010), and the weight and shape score (p<.001). All correlations between the insomnia conditions and the flexibility to eat were significantly inverse except for the food and exercise dimension. All the eat flexibility sub-dimensions significantly correlated among them (p<.001). CONCLUSION There was a direct correlation among socio-demographic factors, BMI values, insomnia, and behavioral flexibility scores in Italian nurses. So, it could be assumed that the nursing profession is at risk of developing a metabolic syndrome condition. Therefore, it could be considered a psychoendocrinological employment disease during the Covid-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Vitale
- Centre of Mental Health, Modugno, Local Health Company Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Galatola
- Occidental Hospital in Castellaneta, Local Health Company Taranto, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Canonico
- Cardiology Unit, Di Venere Hospital, Local Health Company Bari, Italy
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Manolis TA, Manolis AA, Apostolopoulos EJ, Melita H, Manolis AS. Cardiovascular Complications of Sleep Disorders: A Better Night's Sleep for a Healthier Heart / From Bench to Bedside. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:210-232. [PMID: 32209044 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200325102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is essential to and an integral part of life and when lacking or disrupted, a multitude of mental and physical pathologies ensue, including cardiovascular (CV) disease, which increases health care costs. Several prospective studies and meta-analyses show that insomnia, short (<7h) or long (>9h) sleep and other sleep disorders are associated with an increased risk of hypertension, metabolic syndrome, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, CV disease risk and/or mortality. The mechanisms by which insomnia and other sleep disorders lead to increased CV risk may encompass inflammatory, immunological, neuro-autonomic, endocrinological, genetic and microbiome perturbations. Guidelines are emerging that recommend a target of >7 h of sleep for all adults >18 years for optimal CV health. Treatment of sleep disorders includes cognitive-behavioral therapy considered the mainstay of non-pharmacologic management of chronic insomnia, and drug treatment with benzodiazepine receptor agonists binding to gamma aminobutyric acid type A (benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine agents) and some antidepressants. However, observational studies and meta-analyses indicate an increased mortality risk of anxiolytics and hypnotics, although bias may be involved due to confounding and high heterogeneity in these studies. Nevertheless, it seems that the risk incurred by the non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agents (Z drugs) may be relatively less than the risk of anxiolytics, with evidence indicating that at least one of these agents, zolpidem, may even confer a lower risk of mortality in adjusted models. All these issues are herein reviewed.
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Björk V. Aging of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, CIRCLONSA Syndrome, Implications for Regenerative Medicine and Restoration of the Master Body Clock. Rejuvenation Res 2021; 24:274-282. [PMID: 33573456 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2020.2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain is the master regulator of the circadian clocks throughout the human body. With increasing age the circadian clock in humans and other mammals becomes increasingly disorganized leading to a large number of more or less well-categorized problems. While a lot of aging research has focused on the peripheral clocks in tissues across organisms, it remains a paramount task to quantify aging of the most important master clock, the human SCN. Furthermore, a pipeline needs to be developed with therapies to mitigate the systemic cellular circadian dysfunction in the elderly and ultimately repair and reverse aging of the SCN itself. A disease classification for the aging SCN, Circadian Clock Neuronal Senile Atrophy (CIRCLONSA syndrome), would improve research funding and goal-oriented biotechnological entrepreneurship.
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Barbosa Vieira TK, Jurema da Rocha Leão M, Pereira LX, Alves da Silva LC, Pereira da Paz BB, Santos Ferreira RJ, Feitoza CC, Fernandes Duarte AK, Barros Ferreira Rodrigues AK, Cavalcanti de Queiroz A, Fireman de Farias K, Del Vechio Koike B, de Sales Marques C, Alberto de Carvalho Fraga C. Correlation between circadian rhythm related genes, type 2 diabetes, and cancer: Insights from metanalysis of transcriptomics data. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 526:111214. [PMID: 33610641 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clock genes work as an auto-regulated transcription-translational loop of circadian genes that drives the circadian rhythms in each cell and they are essential to physiological requests. Since metabolism is a dynamic process, it involves several physiological variables that circadian cycling. The clock genes alterations can affect multiple systems concomitantly, because they constitute the promoter factors for relevant metabolic pathways. Considering the intertwined structure of signaling, regulatory, and metabolic processes within a cell, we employed a genome-scale biomolecular network. Accordingly, a meta-analysis of diabetic-associated transcriptomic datasets was performed, and the core information on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was obtained by statistical analyses. In the current study, meta-analysis was performed on type 2 diabetes, circadian rhythm-related genes, and breast, bladder, liver, pancreas, colon and rectum cancer-associated transcriptome data using the integration of gene expression profiles with genome-scale biomolecular networks in diabetes samples. First, we detected downregulated and upregulated DEGs in mouse cortex and hypothalamus samples of mice with sleep deprivation. In summary, upregulated genes active genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation, cancer and diabetes, mainly in hypothalamus specimens. In cortex, we observed mainly downregulation of immune system. DEGs were combined with 214 circadian rhythm related genes to type 2 DM and cancer samples. We observed that several common genes deregulated in both diseases. Klf10, Ntkr3, Igf1, Usp2, Ezh2 were both downregulated in type 2 DM and cancer samples, while Arntl2 and Agrp were upregulated. It seems that the changes in mRNA are contributing to the phenotypic changes in type 2 DM, resulting in phenotypic changes associated with the malignant transformation. Taking those genes to perform a survival analysis, we found only Igf1, Usp2 and Arntl2 genes associated with patient outcomes. While Igf1 and Usp2 downregulation had a negative impact, Arntl2 upregulation was associated with poor survival both in BLCA and BRCA cancer samples. Our data stimulate efforts in news studies to achieve the experimental and clinical validation about these biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaysa Kelly Barbosa Vieira
- Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca. Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, AL, 57309-005, Brazil
| | - Myra Jurema da Rocha Leão
- Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca. Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, AL, 57309-005, Brazil
| | - Luciana Xavier Pereira
- Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca. Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, AL, 57309-005, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Batista Pereira da Paz
- Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca. Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, AL, 57309-005, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Jansen Santos Ferreira
- Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca. Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, AL, 57309-005, Brazil
| | - Christiane Cavalcante Feitoza
- Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca. Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, AL, 57309-005, Brazil
| | - Ana Kelly Fernandes Duarte
- Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca. Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, AL, 57309-005, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Cavalcanti de Queiroz
- Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca. Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, AL, 57309-005, Brazil
| | - Karol Fireman de Farias
- Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca. Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, AL, 57309-005, Brazil
| | - Bruna Del Vechio Koike
- Federal University of the São Francisco Valley, Petrolina. Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N - Centro, Petrolina, PE, 56304-917, Brazil
| | - Carolinne de Sales Marques
- Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca. Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa, Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, AL, 57309-005, Brazil
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Abstract
Insomnia-the unwelcome experience of difficulty sleeping-is common and can be acute, intermittent, or chronic. Insomnia can be the presenting symptom for several common sleep disorders, but it also often occurs comorbidly with mental and physical health conditions. Evaluating the symptom of insomnia requires assessing-largely by history-whether an underlying condition explains it. Insomnia disorder is the diagnostic term for the symptom of insomnia that merits specific attention. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is the preferred treatment approach because of its efficacy, safety, and durability of benefit, but pharmaceutical treatments are widely used for insomnia symptoms.
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Abstract
Adequate sleep is essential for healthy development in childhood and adolescence. Healthy sleep contributes to good physical health, immune function, mental health, and academic performance. The regulation and architecture of sleep change greatly across childhood and adolescence, and the ability to obtain sufficient sleep is impacted by a range of factors that change with maturation. This article describes normal sleep across childhood and adolescence and discusses some of the most common barriers to adequate sleep, including early school start times, technology use, and changes to circadian rhythms, and sleep homeostasis across puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Agostini
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Stephanie Centofanti
- UniSA Online, University of South Australia, University of South Australia Online, L4, Catherine Helen Spence Building, City West Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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Toljan K, Homolak J. Circadian changes in Alzheimer's disease: Neurobiology, clinical problems, and therapeutic opportunities. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:285-300. [PMID: 34225969 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology is an active area of research, and the traditional focus on hippocampus, amyloid and tau protein, and memory impairment has been expanded with components like neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and circadian rhythm alterations. The bidirectional vicious cycle of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration on a molecular level may cause functional deficits already long before the appearance of overt clinical symptoms. Located at the crossroads of metabolic, circadian, and hormonal signaling, the hypothalamus has been identified as another brain region affected by AD pathophysiology. Current findings on hypothalamic dysfunction open a broader horizon for studying AD pathogenesis and offer new opportunities for diagnosis and therapy. While treatments with cholinomimetics and memantine form a first line of pharmacological treatment, additional innovative research is pursued toward the development of antiinflammatory, growth factor, or antidiabetic types of medication. Following recent epidemiological data showing associations of AD incidence with modern societal and "life-style"-related risk factors, also nonpharmacological interventions, including sleep optimization, are being developed and some have been shown to be beneficial. Circadian aspects in AD are relevant from a pathophysiological standpoint, but they can also have an important role in pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions, and appropriate timing of sleep, meals, and medication may boost therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlo Toljan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| | - Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Kimura S, Toyoura M, Toyota Y, Takaoka Y. Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 as a biomarker of improved circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder in school-aged children. J Clin Sleep Med 2020; 16:2073-2078. [PMID: 32876042 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate whether improvements in the symptoms of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder after treatment were associated with an increase in serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration. METHODS Eighty-seven school-aged children (32 males, 55 females), aged 14.31 ± 1.50 years (mean ± standard deviation), who were admitted to our hospital with circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder received treatment for 6-8 weeks consisting of the following protocol: (1) lights-out for sleep occurred at 21:00, (2) phototherapy for waking started at 06:00 or 07:00, and (3) light exercise was required every day (eg, a 20- to 30-minute walk). Blood samples were collected at 08:00 am to measure the serum concentrations of IGF-1, pre- and posttreatment. RESULTS The mean times of day of sleep onset and offset at the pre- and posttreatment timepoints were 23:32 ± 4.21 and 10:27 ± 2.98, and 21:26 ± 0.55 and 06:50 ± 0.70, respectively. The mean times of day of sleep onset and offset measured at the posttreatment timepoint were significantly earlier compared with the pretreatment baselines (P < .01). The mean serum levels of IGF-1 significantly increased from 315.59 ± 68.26 ng/mL at pretreatment to 335.09 ± 69.78 ng/mL at posttreatment (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Improvements in the symptoms of patients with circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders were associated with increased serum concentrations of IGF-1, suggesting that serum IGF-1 may be a biomarker of improvements in school-aged children with circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemi Kimura
- Children's Rehabilitation, Sleep and Development Medical Center, Hyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Medical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makiko Toyoura
- Children's Rehabilitation, Sleep and Development Medical Center, Hyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuko Toyota
- Children's Rehabilitation, Sleep and Development Medical Center, Hyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takaoka
- Division of Medical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Wajid F, Poolacherla R, Mim FK, Bangash A, Rutkofsky IH. Therapeutic potential of melatonin as a chronobiotic and cytoprotective agent in diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1797-1825. [PMID: 33520862 PMCID: PMC7843808 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia occurring as a result of dysregulation and balance of various metabolic pathways. In recent years, circadian misalignment (due to altered sleep/wake, feeding/fasting cycles), has been intimately linked with the development of diabetes mellitus. Herein, we review our knowledge of oxidative stress, circadian rhythms control of metabolism, and the effects of its disruption on homeostasis while emphasizing the importance of melatonin, a nocturnally peaking, pineal hormone, as a potential therapeutic drug for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. METHODS PubMed database was systematically searched for related articles and data from all types of studies, including clinical trials, review articles, and case reports were considered without limiting the study to one specific category. RESULTS Experimental and epidemiological evidence indicate melatonin's multifaceted effects in intermediary metabolism via resynchronization of the circadian rhythms and its deficiency is associated with metabolic derangements. As a chronobiotic, it cures insomnia and sleep disorders caused by shift work or jet lag. The antagonistic relationship between melatonin and insulin highlights its influence in regulating insulin secretion, its action, and melatonin treatment successfully improved glucose homeostasis, energy balance, and overall health in diabetes mellitus. Melatonin's cytoprotective role as an antioxidant and free radical scavenger, proved useful in combating oxidative stress, preserving beta-cell function, and influencing the development of diabetic complications. CONCLUSION The therapeutic application of melatonin as a chronobiotic and cytoprotective agent is of promising significance in diabetes mellitus. Future investigations are encouraged to fully explore the efficacy of this ubiquitous molecule in various metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareha Wajid
- California Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience and Psychology, Fairfield, CA USA
| | - Raju Poolacherla
- California Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience and Psychology, Fairfield, CA USA
| | - Fatiha Kabir Mim
- California Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience and Psychology, Fairfield, CA USA
| | - Amna Bangash
- California Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience and Psychology, Fairfield, CA USA
| | - Ian H. Rutkofsky
- California Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience and Psychology, Fairfield, CA USA
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Li X, Zhao H. Automated feature extraction from population wearable device data identified novel loci associated with sleep and circadian rhythms. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009089. [PMID: 33075057 PMCID: PMC7595622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wearable devices have been increasingly used in research to provide continuous physical activity monitoring, but how to effectively extract features remains challenging for researchers. To analyze the generated actigraphy data in large-scale population studies, we developed computationally efficient methods to derive sleep and activity features through a Hidden Markov Model-based sleep/wake identification algorithm, and circadian rhythm features through a Penalized Multi-band Learning approach adapted from machine learning. Unsupervised feature extraction is useful when labeled data are unavailable, especially in large-scale population studies. We applied these two methods to the UK Biobank wearable device data and used the derived sleep and circadian features as phenotypes in genome-wide association studies. We identified 53 genetic loci with p<5×10-8 including genes known to be associated with sleep disorders and circadian rhythms as well as novel loci associated with Body Mass Index, mental diseases and neurological disorders, which suggest shared genetic factors of sleep and circadian rhythms with physical and mental health. Further cross-tissue enrichment analysis highlights the important role of the central nervous system and the shared genetic architecture with metabolism-related traits and the metabolic system. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of our unsupervised methods for wearable device data when additional training data cannot be easily acquired, and our study further expands the application of wearable devices in population studies and genetic studies to provide novel biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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Amaike K, Oshima T, Skoulding NS, Toyama Y, Hirota T, Itami K. Small Molecules Modulating Mammalian Biological Clocks: Exciting New Opportunities for Synthetic Chemistry. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kinoshita C, Okamoto Y, Aoyama K, Nakaki T. MicroRNA: A Key Player for the Interplay of Circadian Rhythm Abnormalities, Sleep Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Clocks Sleep 2020; 2:282-307. [PMID: 33089205 PMCID: PMC7573810 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep2030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenous 24-h oscillators that regulate the sleep/wake cycles and the timing of biological systems to optimize physiology and behavior for the environmental day/night cycles. The systems are basically generated by transcription-translation feedback loops combined with post-transcriptional and post-translational modification. Recently, evidence is emerging that additional non-coding RNA-based mechanisms are also required to maintain proper clock function. MicroRNA is an especially important factor that plays critical roles in regulating circadian rhythm as well as many other physiological functions. Circadian misalignment not only disturbs the sleep/wake cycle and rhythmic physiological activity but also contributes to the development of various diseases, such as sleep disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The patient with neurodegenerative diseases often experiences profound disruptions in their circadian rhythms and/or sleep/wake cycles. In addition, a growing body of recent evidence implicates sleep disorders as an early symptom of neurodegenerative diseases, and also suggests that abnormalities in the circadian system lead to the onset and expression of neurodegenerative diseases. The genetic mutations which cause the pathogenesis of familial neurodegenerative diseases have been well studied; however, with the exception of Huntington's disease, the majority of neurodegenerative diseases are sporadic. Interestingly, the dysfunction of microRNA is increasingly recognized as a cause of sporadic neurodegenerative diseases through the deregulated genes related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, some of which are the causative genes of familial neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review the interplay of circadian rhythm disruption, sleep disorders and neurodegenerative disease, and its relation to microRNA, a key regulator of cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (C.K.); (Y.O.); (K.A.)
| | - Yayoi Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (C.K.); (Y.O.); (K.A.)
- Teikyo University Support Center for Women Physicians and Researchers, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Koji Aoyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (C.K.); (Y.O.); (K.A.)
| | - Toshio Nakaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (C.K.); (Y.O.); (K.A.)
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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Kim SJ, Lim YC, Suh IB, Lee JH. Disrupted sleep maintenance is associated with altered circadian phase and phase angle in community-dwelling adults. Sleep Med 2020; 73:250-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kirlioglu SS, Balcioglu YH. Chronobiology Revisited in Psychiatric Disorders: From a Translational Perspective. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:725-743. [PMID: 32750762 PMCID: PMC7449842 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several lines of evidence support a relationship between circadian rhythms disruption in the onset, course, and maintenance of mental disorders. Despite the study of circadian phenotypes promising a decent understanding of the pathophysiologic or etiologic mechanisms of psychiatric entities, several questions still need to be addressed. In this review, we aimed to synthesize the literature investigating chronobiologic theories and their associations with psychiatric entities. METHODS The Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and Scopus databases were comprehensively and systematically searched and articles published between January 1990 and October 2019 were reviewed. Different combinations of the relevant keywords were polled. We first introduced molecular elements and mechanisms of the circadian system to promote a better understanding of the chronobiologic implications of mental disorders. Then, we comprehensively and systematically reviewed circadian system studies in mood disorders, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders. RESULTS Although subject characteristics and study designs vary across studies, current research has demonstrated that circadian pathologies, including genetic and neurohumoral alterations, represent the neural substrates of the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders. Impaired HPA-axis function-related glucocorticoid rhythm and disrupted melatonin homeostasis have been prominently demonstrated in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, while alterations of molecular expressions of circadian rhythm genes including CLOCK, PER, and CRY have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of mood disorders. CONCLUSION Further translational work is needed to identify the causal relationship between circadian physiology abnormalities and mental disorders and related psychopathology, and to develop sound pharmacologic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Seren Kirlioglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Prof Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasin Hasan Balcioglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Prof Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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Orr WC, Fass R, Sundaram SS, Scheimann AO. The effect of sleep on gastrointestinal functioning in common digestive diseases. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5:616-624. [DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Toyoura M, Miike T, Tajima S, Matsuzawa S, Konishi Y. Inadequate sleep as a contributor to impaired glucose tolerance: A cross-sectional study in children, adolescents, and young adults with circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder. Pediatr Diabetes 2020; 21:557-564. [PMID: 32134542 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation and circadian disruption are associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and hyperglycemia. It is uncertain whether circadian sleep-wake disorder (CRSWD), which relates to both the homeostatic sleep system and the circadian timing system, affects glycemic regulation and insulin secretion. We aimed to examine the associations among sleep duration, sleep architecture or circadian rhythm of the sleep-wake cycle, and glucose metabolism in children, adolescents, and young adults with CRSWD. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study of 124 patients with CRSWD took place at Hyogo Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center in Hyogo, Japan. The patients underwent a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test, anthropometric measurements, sleep-log analyses, and polysomnography. Analysis of covariance models were used to assess the association between sleep architecture or circadian rhythm of sleep-wake cycle and glucose/insulin homeostasis, adjusted for confounding variables such as age, gender, standardized body mass index, and sleep apnea index. RESULTS Impaired glucose tolerance was detected in 25.8% of all patients with CRSWD. After adjustment for confounding variables, we found a negative association between total sleep time (TST) and the 2-hour plasma glucose level. Stage N1 (%TST) was also a significant predictor of 3-hour glucose level. However, we did not detect an association between circadian rhythm of the sleep-wake cycle and glucose/insulin measures. CONCLUSIONS Decreased sleep duration and increased stage N1 (%TST) were associated with hyperglycemia in patients with CRSWD. Further research should elucidate how circadian misalignment in patients with CRSWD is associated with glucose and insulin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Toyoura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Miike
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiki Tajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Yukuo Konishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan
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Najumuddin, Fakhar M, Rashid S. Evidence for NAD +-dependent histone dynamics and tunneling associated conformational transitions in circadian deacetylase SIRT1. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 99:107646. [PMID: 32531731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a biological cycle that is involved in all processes over 24 h day and night period. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a 747 amino acid-long class III Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone that acts as a circadian deacetylase. Here we present a detailed in-silico analysis to address comparative structure-function relationship and interaction pattern of SIRT1-NAD+/Zn+2 and SIRT1NAD+/Zn+2-acetylated histone H4 (H4KAC16) complexes. MD-based ensemble analysis suggested an overall loss of helical content (21.144-17.230%) in H4KAC16-bound SIRT1NAD+/Zn+2 due to conformational readjustments of 32 residues, as compared to SIRT1NAD+/Zn+2. Due to increased flexibility, SIRT1-specific SER275, SER442 and ARG466 residues involved in NAD+ association facilitated in the formation of a transient tunnel (17.77 Å) that was further elongated to 19.25 Å upon SIRT1NAD+/Zn+2 binding to H4KAC16. A close conformation of SIRT1NAD+/Zn+2 was achieved due to binding of H4KAC16 that results in the movement of helical module towards Zn+2 binding module together with Rossmann fold at NAD+ binding region. Furthermore, a 2-fold increase (4.31-8.82 Å) in the measured inter-atomic distance between imidazole nitrogen of conserved HIS363 and NAD+-specific 2'-hydroxyl group of ribose ring was evident in SIRT1NAD+/Zn+2-H4KAC16 complex. At 90 ns time scale, the distance between C6A of adenine ring and C2N of nicotinamide ring was more extended (19.32 Å) in SIRT1NAD+/Zn+2-H4KAC16 as compared to SIRT1NAD+/Zn+2 (11.54 Å). These data suggest that H4KAC16 binding to SIRT1 may coordinate an unusual conformational readjustment of nicotinamide ring at site-b and reposition of HIS363 to facilitate SIRT1-dependent deacetylase activity. Taken together, our findings will help in understanding the precise structural changes occurring in response to SIRT1 deacetylase activity of core histone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najumuddin
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fakhar
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Brooks AT, Raju S, Barb JJ, Kazmi N, Chakravorty S, Krumlauf M, Wallen GR. Sleep Regularity Index in Patients with Alcohol Dependence: Daytime Napping and Mood Disorders as Correlates of Interest. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17010331. [PMID: 31947749 PMCID: PMC6982308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is often accompanied by comorbid conditions, including sleep disturbances related to sleep regularity and timing. The Sleep Regularity Index (SRI) is a novel measure that assesses the probability that an individual is awake (vs. asleep) at any two time points 24 h apart. We calculated actigraphy-based SRI on 124 participants with alcohol dependence to capture the effects of changes in sleep timing and duration among patients enrolled in an inpatient alcohol treatment program. During the course of the study, the mean SRI increased between weeks 1 and 3 (75.4 to 77.8), thus indicating slightly improved sleep quality and regularity during alcohol treatment. Individuals within the bottom quartile of SRI scores at week 1 improved significantly over time. Average total SRI for individuals with no mood disorders was slightly higher than that for individuals with one or more mood disorders. Increased SRI scores were associated with lower total nap duration from week 1 to week 3. Increased SRI scores were associated with decreased mental/physical exhaustion scores from week 1 to week 3. The SRI could be a target for assessment/intervention in certain sub-groups of individuals undergoing inpatient treatment for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa T. Brooks
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.R.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (G.R.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shravya Raju
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.R.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (G.R.W.)
| | - Jennifer J. Barb
- Mathematical and Statistical Computing Lab/CIT/NIH, 12 South Drive Bldg 12A Room 2001, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Narjis Kazmi
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.R.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (G.R.W.)
| | - Subhajit Chakravorty
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, MIRECC, 2nd Floor, Mail stop 116, 3900 Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Michael Krumlauf
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.R.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (G.R.W.)
| | - Gwenyth R. Wallen
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.R.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (G.R.W.)
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Gleason JD, Oishi MM, Wen JT, Julius A, Pappu S, Yonas H. Assessing circadian rhythms and entrainment via intracranial temperature after severe head trauma. Biomed Signal Process Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2019.101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gleason JD, Oishi M, Simkulet M, Tuzikas A, Hanifin JP, Brainard GC, Brueck SRJ, Karlicek RF, Brown LK. Smart Lighting Clinical Testbed Pilot Study on Circadian Phase Advancement. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2019; 7:3200110. [PMID: 32309057 PMCID: PMC7075421 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2019.2937957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lighting is a strong synchronizer for circadian rhythms, which in turn drives a wide range of biological functions. The objective of our work is a) to construct a clinical in-patient testbed with smartİ lighting, and b) evaluate its feasibility for use in future clinical studies. METHODS A feedback capable, variable spectrum lighting system was installed at the University of New Mexico Hospital. The system consists of variable spectrum lighting troffers, color sensors, occupancy sensors, and computing and communication infrastructure. We conducted a pilot study to demonstrate proof of principle, that 1) this new technology is capable of providing continuous lighting and sensing in an active clinical environment, 2) subject recruitment and retention is feasible for round-the-clock, multi-day studies, and 3) current techniques for circadian regulation can be deployed in this unique testbed. Unlike light box studies, only troffer-based lighting was used, and both lighting intensity and spectral content were varied. RESULTS The hardware and software functioned seamlessly to gather biometric data and provide the desired lighting. Salivary samples that measure dim-light melatonin onset showed phase advancement for all three subjects. CONCLUSION We executed a five-day circadian rhythm study that varied intensity, spectrum, and timing of lighting as proof-of-concept or future clinical studies with troffer-based, variable spectrum lighting. Clinical Impact: The ability to perform circadian rhythm experiments in more realistic environments that do not overly constrain the subject is important for translating lighting research into practice, as well as for further research on the health impacts of lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Gleason
- Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM87131USA
| | - Meeko Oishi
- Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM87131USA
| | - Michelle Simkulet
- Lighting Enabled Systems and Applications Engineering Research CenterRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY12189USA
| | - Arunas Tuzikas
- Lighting Enabled Systems and Applications Engineering Research CenterRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY12189USA
| | - John P. Hanifin
- Department of NeurologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA19107USA
| | - George C. Brainard
- Department of NeurologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA19107USA
| | - S. R. J. Brueck
- Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM87131USA
| | - Robert F. Karlicek
- Lighting Enabled Systems and Applications Engineering Research CenterRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY12189USA
| | - Lee K. Brown
- Internal MedicineUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM87131USA
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Khazaie H, Ahmadi HR, Kiani A, Ghadami MR. Circadian melatonin profile in opium and amphetamine dependent patients: A preliminary study. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2019; 7:100046. [PMID: 31463419 PMCID: PMC6710474 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2019.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between opium and amphetamine dependency with the serum melatonin levels in the presence of circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD). Participants Forty four male amphetamine-dependent and opium-dependent patients with CRSD and with more than one year substance dependency were enrolled in this study. Control group consisted of twelve healthy male subjects. Design The diagnoses of sleep disorders were established by a psychiatrist and were made on the basis of the criteria of ICSD-II using the patients’ sleep logs. Blood samples were drawn every 4 h through an intravenous catheter. Serum melatonin levels were assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Repeated Measures Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess differences between the melatonin levels at six separate times. Finding The serum melatonin levels of the control subjects were significantly higher than both opium-dependent and amphetamine-dependent patients at 24:00, 4:00 and 8:00. The serum melatonin level of the opium-dependent patients were significantly lower than the amphetamine-dependent patients at 24:00 (26.9 ± 11.4 vs. 41 ± 19.4, respectively; p = 0.006) and were significantly higher than the amphetamine-dependent patients at 16:00 (12.7 ± 5.1 vs. 8.9 ± 4.1, respectively; p = 0.011). Conclusion This is an evidence of negative effects of substance dependence on circadian cycle of melatonin secretion among opium and amphetamine dependent patients. Sleep problems in substance abuse patients may be caused by dysfunction of circadian rhythm. High prevalence of circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD) in substance dependent patients, possibly related to abnormal melatonin cycle. Circadian rhythm-based interventions could play an important role in the prevention and treatment of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Ahmadi
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Kiani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rasoul Ghadami
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Corresponding author. Sleep Disorders Research Center, Farabi Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, PO Box: 6719851151, Iran.
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