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Kronemer SI, Holness M, Morgan AT, Teves JB, Gonzalez-Castillo J, Handwerker DA, Bandettini PA. Visual imagery vividness correlates with afterimage conscious perception. Neurosci Conscious 2024; 2024:niae032. [PMID: 39101126 PMCID: PMC11294681 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Afterimages are illusory, visual conscious perceptions. A widely accepted theory is that afterimages are caused by retinal signaling that continues after the physical disappearance of a light stimulus. However, afterimages have been reported without preceding visual, sensory stimulation (e.g. conditioned afterimages and afterimages induced by illusory vision). These observations suggest the role of top-down brain mechanisms in afterimage conscious perception. Therefore, some afterimages may share perceptual features with sensory-independent conscious perceptions (e.g. imagery, hallucinations, and dreams) that occur without bottom-up sensory input. In the current investigation, we tested for a link between the vividness of visual imagery and afterimage conscious perception. Participants reported their vividness of visual imagery and perceived sharpness, contrast, and duration of negative afterimages. The afterimage perceptual features were acquired using perception matching paradigms that were validated on image stimuli. Relating these perceptual reports revealed that the vividness of visual imagery positively correlated with afterimage contrast and sharpness. These behavioral results support shared neural mechanisms between visual imagery and afterimages. However, we cannot exclude alternative explanations, including demand characteristics and afterimage perception reporting inaccuracy. This study encourages future research combining neurophysiology recording methods and afterimage paradigms to directly examine the neural mechanisms of afterimage conscious perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif I Kronemer
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Micah Holness
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - A Tyler Morgan
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Core Facility, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Joshua B Teves
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Javier Gonzalez-Castillo
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Daniel A Handwerker
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Peter A Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Core Facility, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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2
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Pascucci D, Roinishvili M, Chkonia E, Brand A, Whitney D, Herzog MH, Manassi M. Intact Serial Dependence in Schizophrenia: Evidence from an Orientation Adjustment Task. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae106. [PMID: 38936422 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS For a long time, it was proposed that schizophrenia (SCZ) patients rely more on sensory input and less on prior information, potentially leading to reduced serial dependence-ie, a reduced influence of prior stimuli in perceptual tasks. However, existing evidence is constrained to a few paradigms, and whether reduced serial dependence reflects a general characteristic of the disease remains unclear. STUDY DESIGN We investigated serial dependence in 26 SCZ patients and 27 healthy controls (CNT) to evaluate the influence of prior stimuli in a classic visual orientation adjustment task, a paradigm not previously tested in this context. STUDY RESULTS As expected, the CNT group exhibited clear serial dependence, with systematic biases toward the orientation of stimuli shown in the preceding trials. Serial dependence in SCZ patients was largely comparable to that in the CNT group. CONCLUSIONS These findings challenge the prevailing notion of reduced serial dependence in SCZ, suggesting that observed differences between healthy CNT and patients may depend on aspects of perceptual or cognitive processing that are currently not understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pascucci
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maya Roinishvili
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Free University of Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Eka Chkonia
- Department of Psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Andreas Brand
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Whitney
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Vision Science Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael H Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Manassi
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen, UK
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3
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Kronemer SI, Holness M, Morgan AT, Teves JB, Gonzalez-Castillo J, Handwerker DA, Bandettini PA. Visual imagery vividness correlates with afterimage conscious perception. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.07.570716. [PMID: 38168380 PMCID: PMC10760211 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.570716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Afterimages are illusory, visual conscious perceptions. A widely accepted theory is that afterimages are caused by retinal signaling that continues after the physical disappearance of a light stimulus. However, afterimages have been reported without preceding visual, sensory stimulation (e.g., conditioned afterimages and afterimages induced by illusory vision). These observations suggest the role of top-down, brain mechanisms in afterimage conscious perception. Therefore, some afterimages may share perceptual features with sensory-independent conscious perceptions (e.g., imagery, hallucinations, and dreams) that occur without bottom-up, sensory input. In the current investigation, we tested for a link between the vividness of visual imagery and afterimage conscious perception. Participants reported their vividness of visual imagery and perceived sharpness, contrast, and duration of negative afterimages. The afterimage perceptual features were acquired using perception matching paradigms that were validated on image stimuli. Relating these perceptual reports revealed that the vividness of visual imagery positively correlated with afterimage contrast and sharpness. These behavioral results support shared neural mechanisms between visual imagery and afterimages. This study encourages future research combining neurophysiology recording methods and afterimage paradigms to directly examine the neural mechanisms of afterimage conscious perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif I. Kronemer
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Micah Holness
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - A. Tyler Morgan
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Core Facility, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joshua B. Teves
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Javier Gonzalez-Castillo
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel A. Handwerker
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter A. Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Core Facility, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD
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4
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Thakkar KN, Silverstein SM, Fattal J, Bao J, Slate R, Roberts D, Brascamp JW. Stronger tilt aftereffects in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders but not bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:345-353. [PMID: 38218020 PMCID: PMC10923089 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
An altered use of context and experience to interpret incoming information has been posited to explain schizophrenia symptoms. The visual system can serve as a model system for examining how context and experience guide perception and the neural mechanisms underlying putative alterations. The influence of prior experience on current perception is evident in visual aftereffects, the perception of the "opposite" of a previously viewed stimulus. Aftereffects are associated with neural adaptation and concomitant change in strength of lateral inhibitory connections in visually responsive neurons. In a previous study, we observed stronger aftereffects related to orientation (tilt aftereffects) but not luminance (negative afterimages) in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, which we interpreted as potentially suggesting altered cortical (but not subcortical) adaptability and local changes in excitatory-inhibitory interactions. Here, we tested whether stronger tilt aftereffects were specific to individuals with schizophrenia or extended to individuals with bipolar disorder. We measured tilt aftereffects and negative afterimages in 32 individuals with bipolar disorder, and compared aftereffect strength to a previously reported group of 36 individuals with schizophrenia and 22 healthy controls. We observed stronger tilt aftereffects, but not negative afterimages, in individuals with schizophrenia as compared to both controls and individuals with bipolar disorder, who did not differ from each other. These results mitigate concerns that stronger tilt aftereffects in schizophrenia are a consequence of medication or of the psychosocial consequences of a severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine N Thakkar
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America; Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America.
| | - Steven M Silverstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Jessica Fattal
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Bao
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Rachael Slate
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Dominic Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Jan W Brascamp
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
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5
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Bansal S, Bae GY, Robinson BM, Dutterer J, Hahn B, Luck SJ, Gold JM. Qualitatively Different Delay-Dependent Working Memory Distortions in People With Schizophrenia and Healthy Control Participants. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:1218-1227. [PMID: 37459911 PMCID: PMC10792108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairments in working memory (WM) have been well documented in people with schizophrenia (PSZ). However, these quantitative WM impairments can often be explained by nonspecific factors, such as impaired goal maintenance. Here, we used a spatial orientation delayed response task to explore a qualitative difference in WM dynamics between PSZ and healthy control participants (HCs). More specifically, we took advantage of the discovery that WM representations may drift either toward or away from previous trial targets (serial dependence). We tested the hypothesis that WM representations would drift toward the previous trial target in HCs but away from the previous trial target in PSZ. METHODS We assessed serial dependence in PSZ (n = 31) and HCs (n = 25) using orientation as the to-be-remembered feature and memory delays lasting from 0 to 8 seconds. Participants were asked to remember the orientation of a teardrop-shaped object and reproduce the orientation after a delay period of varying length. RESULTS Consistent with prior studies, we found that current trial memory representations were less precise in PSZ than in HCs. We also found that WM for the current trial orientation drifted toward the previous trial orientation in HCs (representational attraction) but drifted away from the previous trial orientation in PSZ (representational repulsion). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a qualitative difference in WM dynamics between PSZ and HCs that cannot be easily explained by nuisance factors such as reduced effort. Most computational neuroscience models also fail to explain these results because they maintain information solely by means of sustained neural firing, which does not extend across trials. The results suggest a fundamental difference between PSZ and HCs in longer-term memory mechanisms that persist across trials, such as short-term potentiation and neuronal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bansal
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Gi-Yeul Bae
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Benjamin M Robinson
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jenna Dutterer
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Britta Hahn
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven J Luck
- Center for Mind & Brain and Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - James M Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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6
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Mihali A, Broeker M, Ragalmuto FDM, Horga G. Introspective inference counteracts perceptual distortion. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7826. [PMID: 38030601 PMCID: PMC10687029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introspective agents can recognize the extent to which their internal perceptual experiences deviate from the actual states of the external world. This ability, also known as insight, is critically required for reality testing and is impaired in psychosis, yet little is known about its cognitive underpinnings. We develop a Bayesian modeling framework and a psychophysics paradigm to quantitatively characterize this type of insight while people experience a motion after-effect illusion. People can incorporate knowledge about the illusion into their decisions when judging the actual direction of a motion stimulus, compensating for the illusion (and often overcompensating). Furthermore, confidence, reaction-time, and pupil-dilation data all show signatures consistent with inferential adjustments in the Bayesian insight model. Our results suggest that people can question the veracity of what they see by making insightful inferences that incorporate introspective knowledge about internal distortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra Mihali
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marianne Broeker
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia University, Teachers College, New York, NY, USA
- University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford, UK
| | - Florian D M Ragalmuto
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
- Vrije Universiteit, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Berliner FortbildungsAkademie, Berlin, DE, Germany
| | - Guillermo Horga
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Fakheir Y, Khalil R. The effects of abnormal visual experience on neurodevelopmental disorders. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22408. [PMID: 37607893 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Normal visual development is supported by intrinsic neurobiological mechanisms and by appropriate stimulation from the environment, both of which facilitate the maturation of visual functions. However, an offset of this balance can give rise to visual disorders. Therefore, understanding the factors that support normal vision during development and in the mature brain is important, as vision guides movement, enables social interaction, and allows children to recognize and understand their environment. In this paper, we review fundamental mechanisms that support the maturation of visual functions and discuss and draw links between the perceptual and neurobiological impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. We aim to explore how this is evident in the case of ASD, and how perceptual and neurobiological deficits further degrade social ability. Furthermore, we describe the altered perceptual experience of those with schizophrenia and evaluate theories of the underlying neural deficits that alter perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Fakheir
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Reem Khalil
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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8
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Merchie A, Gomot M. Habituation, Adaptation and Prediction Processes in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Comprehensive Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1110. [PMID: 37509040 PMCID: PMC10377027 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Habituation, the simplest form of learning preserved across species and evolution, is characterized by a response decrease as a stimulus is repeated. This adaptive function has been shown to be altered in some psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or schizophrenia. At the brain level, habituation is characterized by a decrease in neural activity as a stimulation is repeated, referred to as neural adaptation. This phenomenon influences the ability to make predictions and to detect change, two processes altered in some neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. In this comprehensive review, the objectives are to characterize habituation, neural adaptation, and prediction throughout typical development and in neurodevelopmental disorders; and to evaluate their implication in symptomatology, specifically in sensitivity to change or need for sameness. A summary of the different approaches to investigate adaptation will be proposed, in which we report the contribution of animal studies as well as electrophysiological studies in humans to understanding of underlying neuronal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Gomot
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France
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9
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Bansal S, Bae GY, Robinson BM, Dutterer J, Hahn B, Luck SJ, Gold JM. Qualitatively different delay-dependent working memory distortions in people with schizophrenia and healthy control subjects. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.04.535597. [PMID: 37066149 PMCID: PMC10104073 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.04.535597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Impairments in working memory(WM) have been well-documented in people with schizophrenia(PSZ). However, these quantitative WM impairments can often be explained by nonspecific factors, such as impaired goal maintenance. Here, we used a spatial orientation delayed-response task to explore a qualitative difference in WM dynamics between PSZ and healthy control subjects(HCS). Specifically, we took advantage of the discovery that WM representations may drift either toward or away from previous-trial targets(serial dependence). We tested the hypothesis that WM representations drift toward the previous-trial target in HCS but away from the previous-trial target in PSZ. Methods We assessed serial dependence in PSZ(N=31) and HCS(N=25), using orientation as the to-be-remembered feature and memory delays from 0 to 8s. Participants were asked to remember the orientation of a teardrop-shaped object and reproduce the orientation after a varying delay period. Results Consistent with prior studies, we found that current-trial memory representations were less precise in PSZ than in HCS. We also found that WM for the current-trial orientation drifted toward the previous-trial orientation in HCS(representational attraction) but drifted away from the previous-trial orientation in PSZ(representational repulsion). Conclusions These results demonstrate a qualitative difference in WM dynamics between PSZ and HCS that cannot easily be explained by nuisance factors such as reduced effort. Most computational neuroscience models also fail to explain these results, because they maintain information solely by means of sustained neural firing, which does not extend across trials. The results suggest a fundamental difference between PSZ and HCS in longer-term memory mechanisms that persist across trials, such as short-term potentiation and neuronal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bansal
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gi-Yeul Bae
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Benjamin M Robinson
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jenna Dutterer
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Britta Hahn
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven J Luck
- Center for Mind & Brain and Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - James M Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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10
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Torrens WA, Pablo JN, Shires J, Haigh SM, Berryhill ME. People with high schizotypy experience more illusions in the Pattern Glare Test: Consistent with the hyperexcitability hypothesis. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:388-399. [PMID: 36484768 PMCID: PMC9847329 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) exhibit a constellation of sensory and perceptual impairments, including hyporeactivity to external input. However, individuals with SSD also report subjective experiences of sensory flooding, suggesting sensory hyperexcitability. To identify the extent to which behavioural indices of hyperexcitability are related to non-psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia, we tested a non-clinical population measured for schizophrenia-like traits (schizotypy), and a behavioural measure of sensory hyperexcitability, specifically the number of illusions seen in the Pattern Glare Test. Two samples totaling 913 individuals completed an online version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire - Brief Revised (SPQ-BR) and the Pattern Glare Test. Individuals with higher schizotypy traits reported more illusions in the Pattern Glare Test. Additionally, one of the three SPQ-BR factors, the disorganized factor, significantly predicted the number of illusions reported. These data illustrate the potential for research in non-clinical samples to inform clinically relevant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Torrens
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Jenna N Pablo
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Jorja Shires
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Sarah M Haigh
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
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11
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Olfactory impairment in psychiatric disorders: Does nasal inflammation impact disease psychophysiology? Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:314. [PMID: 35927242 PMCID: PMC9352903 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory impairments contribute to the psychopathology of mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and depression. Recent neuroscience research has shed light on the previously underappreciated olfactory neural circuits involved in regulation of higher brain functions. Although environmental factors such as air pollutants and respiratory viral infections are known to contribute to the risk for psychiatric disorders, the role of nasal inflammation in neurobehavioral outcomes and disease pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Here, we will first provide an overview of published findings on the impact of nasal inflammation in the olfactory system. We will then summarize clinical studies on olfactory impairments in schizophrenia and depression, followed by preclinical evidence on the neurobehavioral outcomes produced by olfactory dysfunction. Lastly, we will discuss the potential impact of nasal inflammation on brain development and function, as well as how we can address the role of nasal inflammation in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders. Considering the current outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which often causes nasal inflammation and serious adverse effects for olfactory function that might result in long-lasting neuropsychiatric sequelae, this line of research is particularly critical to understanding of the potential significance of nasal inflammation in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.
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12
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Chen S, Zhong H, Mei G. Stable abnormalities of contrast discrimination sensitivity in subthreshold depression: A longitudinal study. Psych J 2022; 11:194-204. [PMID: 35168295 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Subthreshold depression (StD), as a subclinical state, is highly prevalent and increases the risk for developing major depressive disorder (MDD). Although several studies have reported deficits of contrast sensitivity in MDD patients, it is unclear whether individuals with StD could demonstrate deficits of contrast sensitivity and whether the deficits could remain stable over time. Here we used a contrast discrimination task (a suprathreshold task) and a contrast detection task (a near-threshold task) to compare contrast sensitivity of the StD group with that of matched non-depressed controls. For each task, a spatial four-alternative forced-choice method and a psychophysical QUEST procedure were used to measure contrast discrimination threshold or contrast detection threshold. Participants performed an initial assessment and a follow-up assessment 4 months later. Compared to the non-depressed controls, individuals with StD demonstrated reduced contrast discrimination sensitivity, not only at the initial assessment but also at the follow-up assessment, indicating a stable abnormality. Contrast discrimination thresholds at the initial assessment did not predict changes of depression symptom severity over time. For contrast detection sensitivity, there was no significant difference between the StD group and non-depressed controls. We concluded that contrast discrimination testing might provide a trait-dependent biomarker for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Education, Guiyang Ninth High School, Guiyang, China
| | - Han Zhong
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gaoxing Mei
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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13
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Shen H, Wang SH, Zhang Y, Wang H, Li F, Lucas MV, Zhang YD, Liu Y, Yuan TF. Color painting predicts clinical symptoms in chronic schizophrenia patients via deep learning. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:522. [PMID: 34686178 PMCID: PMC8532270 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with psychiatric disorders perceive the world differently. Previous studies indicated impaired color vision and weakened color discrimination ability in psychotic patients. Examining the paintings from psychotic patients can measure the visual-motor function. However, few studies examined the potential changes in the color painting behavior in these individuals. The current study aims to discriminate schizophrenia patients from healthy controls (HCs) and predict PANSS scores of schizophrenia patients according to their paintings. METHODS In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed the paintings colored by 281 chronic schizophrenia patients and 35 HCs. The images were scanned and processed using series of computational analyses. RESULTS The results showed that schizophrenia patients tend to use less color and exhibit different strokes compared to HCs. Using a deep learning residual neural network (ResNet), we were able to discriminate patients from HCs with over 90% accuracy. Further, we developed a novel convolutional neural network to predict PANSS positive, negative, general psychopathology, and total scores. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the prediction was low, which indicates higher accuracy of prediction. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the deep learning paradigm showed the large potential to discriminate schizophrenia patients from HCs based on color paintings. Besides, this color painting-based paradigm can effectively predict clinical symptom severity for chronic schizophrenia patients. The color paintings by schizophrenia patients show potential as a tool for clinical diagnosis and prognosis. These findings show potential as a tool for clinical diagnosis and prognosis among schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shui-Hua Wang
- grid.9918.90000 0004 1936 8411School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - Yi Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Molly V. Lucas
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Yu-Dong Zhang
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Yan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China. .,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Zhuo C, Xiao B, Ji F, Lin X, Jiang D, Tian H, Xu Y, Wang W, Chen C. Patients with first-episode untreated schizophrenia who experience concomitant visual disturbances and auditory hallucinations exhibit co-impairment of the brain and retinas-a pilot study. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1533-1541. [PMID: 32748321 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There are limited structural brain and retina alteration data from schizophrenia patients who experience visual disturbances (VDs) with or without auditory hallucinations (AHs). We compared brain and retina alterations between first-episode untreated schizophrenia patients with VDs (FUSCH-VDs) with versus without AHs, and between patients and healthy controls (HCs)(N = 30/group). VDs, AHs, gray matter volumes (GMVs), and retinal thicknesses were evaluated with the Bonn Scale for Assessment of Basic Symptoms (BSABS) scale, the Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale (AHRS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and optical coherence tomography (OCT), respectively. Compared to HCs, FUSCH-VDs had reduced GMVs, mainly in dorsal V3/V3A and V5 regions, the fusiform gyrus, and ventral V4 and V8 regions. Most FUSCH-VDs (85.0%; 51/60) had primary visual cortex-retina co-impairments. FUSCH-VDs with AHs had more serious and larger scope GMV reductions than FUSCH-VDs without AHs. FUSCH-VDs with AHs had significant retinal thickness reductions compared to HCs. Primary visual cortex-retina co-impairments were found to be more common, and more pronounced when present, in FUSCH-VDs with AHs than in FUSCH-VDs without AHs. The present findings support the notion that VDs and AHs may have reciprocal deteriorating actions in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272119, Shandong, China. .,Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China. .,Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics-Comorbidity Laboratory, Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300222, China.
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of OCT, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300034, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272119, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Deguo Jiang
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics-Comorbidity Laboratory, Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Disorders, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Co-collaboration Laboratory of China and Canada, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital and University of Alberta, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Ce Chen
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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15
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Thakkar KN, Ghermezi L, Silverstein SM, Slate R, Yao B, Achtyes ED, Brascamp JW. Stronger tilt aftereffects in persons with schizophrenia. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 130:186-197. [PMID: 33301337 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia may fail to appropriately use temporal context and apply past environmental regularities to the interpretation of incoming sensory information. Here we use the visual system as a test bed for investigating how prior experience shapes perception in individuals with schizophrenia. Specifically, we use visual aftereffects, illusory percepts resulting from prior exposure to visual input, to measure the influence of prior events on current processing. At a neural level, visual aftereffects arise due to attenuation in the responses of neurons that code the features of the prior stimulus (neuronal adaptation) and subsequent disinhibition of neurons signaling activity at the opposite end of the feature dimension. In the current study, we measured tilt aftereffects and negative afterimages, 2 types of aftereffects that reflect, respectively, adaptation of cortical orientation-coding neurons and adaptation of subcortical and retinal luminance-coding cells in persons with schizophrenia (PSZ; n = 36) and demographically matched healthy controls (HC; n = 22). We observed stronger tilt aftereffects in PSZ compared to HC, but no difference in negative afterimages. Stronger tilt aftereffects were related to more severe negative symptoms. These data suggest oversensitivity to recent regularities, in the form of stronger visual adaptation, at cortical, but not subcortical, levels in schizophrenia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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