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Orwig W, Diez I, Bueichekú E, Pedale T, Parente F, Campolongo P, Schacter DL, Sepulcre J, Santangelo V. Cortical hubs of highly superior autobiographical memory. Cortex 2024; 179:14-24. [PMID: 39094240 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM) is a rare form of enhanced memory in which individuals demonstrate an extraordinary ability to remember details of their personal lives with high levels of accuracy and vividness. Neuroimaging studies have identified brain regions - specifically, midline areas within the default network - associated with remembering events from one's past. Extending this research on the neural underpinnings of autobiographical memory, the present study utilizes graph theory analyses to compare functional brain connectivity in a cohort of HSAM (n = 12) and control participants (n = 29). We perform seed-based analysis in resting-state fMRI data to assess how specific cortical regions within the autobiographical memory network are differentially connected in HSAM individuals. Additionally, we apply a whole-brain connectivity analysis to identify differences in brain hub-network topology associated with enhanced autobiographical memory. Seed-based results show converging patterns of increased connectivity in HSAM across midline areas. Whole-brain analysis also reveals enhanced connectivity across medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortex in HSAM individuals. Together, these results extend prior research, highlighting cortical hubs within the default network associated with enhanced autobiographical memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Orwig
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ibai Diez
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisenda Bueichekú
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiziana Pedale
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Parente
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; CERC, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerio Santangelo
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences & Education, University of Perugia, Piazza G. Ermini 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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2
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Conti M, Teghil A, Boccia M. The autobiographical fluency task: Validity and reliability of a tool to assess episodic autobiographical memory and experience-near personal semantics. J Neuropsychol 2024; 18:251-264. [PMID: 37837256 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of autobiographical memory is challenging in clinical settings. The Autobiographical Fluency Task (AFT) - that is designed to test both Episodic Autobiographical Memory (EAM) and experience-near Personal Semantics (enPS) - may represent a feasible and rapid method to test access to autobiographical memories. Here we tested the reliability and the construct validity of the AFT. A total number of 51 individuals participated in the present study, with 24 included in Experiment 1 and 27 in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, participants performed both the AFT and the Survey of Autobiographical Memory (SAM). In Experiment 2, participants completed the AFT and the Autobiographical Interview (AI). The AFT showed a moderate-to-high reliability. Also, EAM and enPS scores significantly correlated with the episodic subscale of the SAM. Results of Experiment 1 were replicated and expanded in Experiment 2. Again, the AFT showed a high reliability. Both EAM and enPS showed a significant correlation with the number of internal details produced during the AI; enPS also correlated with the number of external details. Overall, the present results show that the AFT may be a feasible instrument to assess autobiographical memory, especially for testing episodic autobiographical memory and experience-near personal semantics in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Conti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Teghil
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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3
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Zotev V, McQuaid JR, Robertson-Benta CR, Hittson AK, Wick TV, Ling JM, van der Horn HJ, Mayer AR. Validation of real-time fMRI neurofeedback procedure for cognitive training using counterbalanced active-sham study design. Neuroimage 2024; 290:120575. [PMID: 38479461 PMCID: PMC11060147 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigation of neural mechanisms of real-time functional MRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) training requires an efficient study control approach. A common rtfMRI-nf study design involves an experimental group, receiving active rtfMRI-nf, and a control group, provided with sham rtfMRI-nf. We report the first study in which rtfMRI-nf procedure is controlled through counterbalancing training runs with active and sham rtfMRI-nf for each participant. Healthy volunteers (n = 18) used rtfMRI-nf to upregulate fMRI activity of an individually defined target region in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) while performing tasks that involved mental generation of a random numerical sequence and serial summation of numbers in the sequence. Sham rtfMRI-nf was provided based on fMRI activity of a different brain region, not involved in these tasks. The experimental procedure included two training runs with the active rtfMRI-nf and two runs with the sham rtfMRI-nf, in a randomized order. The participants achieved significantly higher fMRI activation of the left DLPFC target region during the active rtfMRI-nf conditions compared to the sham rtfMRI-nf conditions. fMRI functional connectivity of the left DLPFC target region with the nodes of the central executive network was significantly enhanced during the active rtfMRI-nf conditions relative to the sham conditions. fMRI connectivity of the target region with the nodes of the default mode network was similarly enhanced. fMRI connectivity changes between the active and sham conditions exhibited meaningful associations with individual performance measures on the Working Memory Multimodal Attention Task, the Approach-Avoidance Task, and the Trail Making Test. Our results demonstrate that the counterbalanced active-sham study design can be efficiently used to investigate mechanisms of active rtfMRI-nf in direct comparison to those of sham rtfMRI-nf. Further studies with larger group sizes are needed to confirm the reported findings and evaluate clinical utility of this study control approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Zotev
- The Mind Research Network/LBRI, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | | | | | - Anne K Hittson
- The Mind Research Network/LBRI, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tracey V Wick
- The Mind Research Network/LBRI, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Josef M Ling
- The Mind Research Network/LBRI, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Andrew R Mayer
- The Mind Research Network/LBRI, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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4
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Watanuki S. Identifying distinctive brain regions related to consumer choice behaviors on branded foods using activation likelihood estimation and machine learning. Front Comput Neurosci 2024; 18:1310013. [PMID: 38374888 PMCID: PMC10875973 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2024.1310013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brand equity plays a crucial role in a brand's commercial success; however, research on the brain regions associated with brand equity has had mixed results. This study aimed to investigate key brain regions associated with the decision-making of branded and unbranded foods using quantitative neuroimaging meta-analysis and machine learning. Methods Quantitative neuroimaging meta-analysis was performed using the activation likelihood method. Activation of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) overlapped between branded and unbranded foods. The lingual and parahippocampal gyri (PHG) were activated in the case of branded foods, whereas no brain regions were characteristically activated in response to unbranded foods. We proposed a novel predictive method based on the reported foci data, referencing the multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) results. This approach is referred to as the multi-coordinate pattern analysis (MCPA). We conducted the MCPA, adopting the sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) to detect unique brain regions associated with branded and unbranded foods based on coordinate data. The sPLS-DA is an extended PLS method that enables the processing of categorical data as outcome variables. Results We found that the lingual gyrus is a distinct brain region in branded foods. Thus, the VMPFC might be a core brain region in food categories in consumer behavior, regardless of whether they are branded foods. Moreover, the connection between the PHG and lingual gyrus might be a unique neural mechanism in branded foods. Discussion As this mechanism engages in imaging the feature-self based on emotionally subjective contextual associative memories, brand managers should create future-oriented relevancies between brands and consumers to build valuable brands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Watanuki
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Commerce, University of Marketing and Distribution Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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5
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Riva G, Wiederhold BK, Mantovani F. Searching for the Metaverse: Neuroscience of Physical and Digital Communities. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024; 27:9-18. [PMID: 37057986 PMCID: PMC10794843 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
What distinguishes real-world communities from their online counterparts? Social and cognitive neuroscience research on social networks and collective intentionality will be used in the article to answer this question. Physical communities are born in places. And places engage "we-mode" neurobiological and cognitive processes as behavioral synchrony, shared attention, deliberate attunement, interbrain synchronization, and so on, which create coherent social networks of very different individuals who are supported by a "wisdom of crowd." Digital technologies remove physical boundaries, giving people more freedom to choose their activities and groups. At the same time, however, the lack of physical co-presence of community members significantly reduces their possibility of activating "we-mode" cognitive processes and social motivation. Because of this, unlike physical communities that allow interaction between people from varied origins and stories, digital communities are always made up of people who have the same interests and knowledge (communities of practice). This new situation disrupts the "wisdom of crowd," making the community more radical and less accurate (polarization effect), allowing influential users to wield disproportionate influence over the group's beliefs, and producing inequalities in the distribution of social capital. However, a new emergent technology-the Metaverse-has the potential to reverse this trend. Several studies have revealed that virtual and augmented reality-the major technologies underlying the Metaverse-can engage the same neurobiological and cognitive "we-mode" processes as real-world environments. If the many flaws in this technology are fixed, it might encourage people to engage in more meaningful and constructive interactions in online communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Riva
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Brenda K. Wiederhold
- Virtual Reality Medical Center, La Jolla, California, USA
- Virtual Reality Medical Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabrizia Mantovani
- Centre for Studies in Communication Sciences “Luigi Anolli” (CESCOM), Department of Human Sciences for Education “Riccardo Massa,” University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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6
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Teghil A, Boccia M, Di Vita A, Zazzaro G, Sepe Monti M, Trebbastoni A, Talarico G, Campanelli A, Bruno G, Guariglia C, de Lena C, D'Antonio F. Multidimensional assessment of time perception along the continuum of Alzheimer's Disease and evidence of alterations in subjective cognitive decline. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22117. [PMID: 38092802 PMCID: PMC10719320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Timing alterations occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD), even in early stages (mild cognitive impairment, MCI). Moreover, a stage named subjective cognitive decline (SCD), in which individuals perceive a change in cognitive performance not revealed by neuropsychological tests, has been identified as a preclinical phase of AD. However, no study to date has investigated different dimensions of time processing along the continuum from physiological to pathological aging, and whether timing alterations occur in SCD. Here a sample of participants with SCD, MCI, AD and healthy controls (HC) performed tasks assessing prospective duration estimation, production, reproduction, implicit temporal learning in conditions dependent from external cues (externally-cued learning, ECL) or independent from external cues (internally-based learning, IBL), retrospective duration estimation, the subjective experience of time and the temporal collocation of events. AD patients performed worse than HC and SCD in prospective timing, and in collocating events in time. The subjective experience of time did not differ between groups. Concerning temporal learning, AD performed worse in ECL than in IBL, whereas SCD performed worse in IBL than in ECL. SCD, MCI and AD patients all showed errors greater than HC in retrospective duration estimation. Results point to implicit temporal learning in externally-cued conditions and retrospective time estimation as possible early markers of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Teghil
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Zazzaro
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Sepe Monti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo de Lena
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizia D'Antonio
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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7
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Soares C, Gonzalo G, Castelhano J, Castelo-Branco M. The relationship between the default mode network and the theory of mind network as revealed by psychedelics - A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105325. [PMID: 37467907 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The Default Mode Network (DMN) and the Theory of Mind (ToM) networks play a crucial role in our understanding of the neurocognition of the self. The DMN is commonly associated with introspection, while the ToM is involved in perspective-taking. There is no research investigating the overlap between the DMN and ToM in relation to causal effects such as induced by psychedelics, and their precise relationship remains therefore unknown. Psychedelics alter self-perception and modulate these networks, providing a unique opportunity to shed light on this relationship. We performed a quantitative meta-analysis of 88 studies with a total of 2122 participants to investigate the overlap between DMN and ToM and whether psychedelics affect their neural relationship. We found that the cingulate cortex (BA23 and BA31) plays a crucial role in the overlap between these networks which is substantiated by the effects of psychedelics. These compounds affect the neural basis of ToM and social cognition, which may underlie their therapeutic potential and deepen our understanding of the neural correlates of the self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Soares
- CIBIT/ ICNAS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, R. Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gerardo Gonzalo
- CIBIT/ ICNAS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, R. Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Castelhano
- CIBIT/ ICNAS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, R. Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- CIBIT/ ICNAS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, R. Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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8
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Shepardson S, Dahlgren K, Hamann S. Neural correlates of autobiographical memory retrieval: An SDM neuroimaging meta-analysis. Cortex 2023; 166:59-79. [PMID: 37315358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) is a type of episodic memory that involves the recollection and re-experiencing of personal life events. AM retrieval is a complex process requiring the coordination of multiple memory processes across the brain. Important questions remain regarding the degree to which specific brain regions are consistently recruited during AM retrieval and the influence of methodological factors such as type of AM retrieval task and control task. Neuroimaging meta-analyses can summarize the brain regions associated with AM retrieval, addressing these questions by revealing consistent findings across multiple studies. We used a coordinate-based neuroimaging meta-analysis method, seed-based d mapping (SDM), to assess the largest set of neuroimaging studies of AM retrieval to date. An important advantage of SDM over other methods is that it factors in the effect sizes of the activation coordinates from studies, yielding a more representative summary of activations. Studies were selected if they elicited AM retrieval in the scanner, contrasted AM retrieval with a matched control task, and used univariate whole-brain analyses, yielding a set of 50 papers with 963 participants and 891 foci. The findings confirmed the recruitment of many previously identified core AM retrieval regions including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex, retrosplenial cortex and posterior cingulate, and angular gyrus, and revealed additional regions, including bilateral inferior parietal lobule and greater activation extent through the PFC, including lateral PFC activation. Results were robust across different types of AM retrieval tasks (previously rehearsed cues vs. novel cues), and robust across different control tasks (visual/attention vs. semantic retrieval). To maximize the utility of the meta-analysis, all results image files are available online. In summary, the current meta-analysis provides an updated and more representative characterization of the neural correlates of autobiographical memory retrieval and how these neural correlates are affected by important experimental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephan Hamann
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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9
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Conti M, Teghil A, Di Vita A, Boccia M. Lifelong impairment in episodic re-experiencing: Neuropsychological and neuroimaging examination of a new case of Severely Deficient Autobiographical Memory. Cortex 2023; 163:80-91. [PMID: 37075508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) represents a complex and multimodal cognitive function, that allows an individual to collect and retrieve personal events and facts, enabling to develop and maintain the continuity of the self over time. Here we describe the case of DR (acronym of the fictional name Doriana Rossi), a 53-year-old woman, who complains of a specific and lifelong deficit in recalling autobiographical episodes. Along with an extensive neuropsychological assessment, DR underwent a structural and functional MRI examination to further define this impairment. The neuropsychological assessment revealed a deficit in episodic re-experiencing of her own personal life events. DR showed reduced cortical thickness in the Retrosplenial Complex in the left hemisphere, and in the Lateral Occipital Cortex, in the Prostriate Cortex and the Angular Gyrus in the right hemisphere. An altered pattern of activity in the calcarine cortex was detected during ordering of autobiographical events according to her own personal timeline. The present study provides further evidence about the existence of a severely deficient autobiographical memory condition in neurologically healthy people, with otherwise preserved cognitive functioning. Furthermore, the present data provide new important insights into neurocognitive mechanisms underpinning such a developmental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Conti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alice Teghil
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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10
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Daviddi S, Pedale T, St Jacques PL, Schacter DL, Santangelo V. Common and distinct correlates of construction and elaboration of episodic-autobiographical memory: An ALE meta-analysis. Cortex 2023; 163:123-138. [PMID: 37104887 PMCID: PMC10192150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The recollection of episodic-autobiographical memories (EAMs) entails a complex temporal dynamic, from initial "construction" to subsequent "elaboration" of memories. While there is consensus that EAM retrieval involves a distributed network of brain regions, it is still largely debated which regions specifically contribute to EAM construction and/or elaboration. To clarify this issue, we conducted an Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic-Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. We found common recruitment of the left hippocampus and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) during both phases. Additionally, EAM construction led to activations in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, left angular gyrus (AG), right hippocampus, and precuneus, while the right inferior frontal gyrus was activated by EAM elaboration. Although most of these regions are distributed over the default mode network, the current findings highlight a differential contribution according to early (midline regions, left/right hippocampus, and left AG) versus later (left hippocampus, and PCC) recollection. Overall, these findings contribute to clarify the neural correlates that support the temporal dynamics of EAM recollection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Daviddi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences & Education, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Pedale
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Valerio Santangelo
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences & Education, University of Perugia, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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11
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Huang Y, Zhang D, Zhang X, Cheng M, Yang Z, Gao J, Tang M, Ai K, Lei X, Zhang X. Altered functional hubs and connectivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without mild cognitive impairment. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1062816. [PMID: 36578308 PMCID: PMC9792165 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1062816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with functional and structural abnormalities of brain networks, especially the damage to hub nodes in networks. This study explored the abnormal hub nodes of brain functional networks in patients with T2DM under different cognitive states. Sixty-five patients with T2DM and 34 healthy controls (HCs) underwent neuropsychological assessment. Then, degree centrality (DC) analysis and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis were performed to identify the abnormal hub nodes and the FC patterns of these hubs in T2DM patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (DMCI group, N = 31) and without MCI (DMCN group, N = 34). Correlation analyzes examined the relationship between abnormal DC and FC and clinical/cognitive variables. Compared with HCs, both T2DM groups showed decreased DC values in the visual cortex, and the T2DM patients with MCI (DMCI) showed more extensive alterations in the right parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) regions than T2DM patients with normal cognitive function. Seed-based FC analysis of PHG and PCC nodes showed that functional disconnection mainly occurred in visual and memory connectivity in patients with DMCI. Multiple abnormal DC values correlated with neuropsychological tests in patients with T2DM. In conclusion, this study found that the DMCI group displayed more extensive alterations in hub nodes and FC in vision and memory-related brain regions, suggesting that visual-related regions dysfunctions and disconnection may be involved in the neuropathology of visuospatial function impairment in patients with DMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Huang
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Cheng
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Ai
- Department of Clinical and Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lei
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China,Xiaoyan Lei
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoling Zhang
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12
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Bradley-Garcia M, Winocur G, Sekeres MJ. Episodic Memory and Recollection Network Disruptions Following Chemotherapy Treatment in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Review of Neuroimaging Findings. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194752. [PMID: 36230678 PMCID: PMC9563268 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Memory disturbances are amongst the most common and disruptive symptoms of chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment. Chemotherapy treatments commonly cause neurotoxicity within the hippocampus, creating a vulnerability to memory impairment. Most clinical assessments of long-term memory in breast cancer survivors assess basic verbal and visual memory processing, and do not capture the complexities of everyday event memories, including episodic and autobiographical memory. This review focuses on structural and functional neuroimaging studies identifying disruptions in the hippocampus and recollection network, and related episodic memory impairments in chemotherapy-treated breast cancer survivors. We argue for the need to better characterize memory dysfunction following chemotherapy treatments. Given the importance of episodic and autobiographical memory to a person’s personal history and quality of life, an under-appreciation of how this memory domain is impacted by standard cancer treatments potentially diminishes the negative experiences of breast cancer survivors, and neglects cognitive problems that could benefit from intervention strategies. Abstract Long-term memory disturbances are amongst the most common and disruptive cognitive symptoms experienced by breast cancer survivors following chemotherapy. To date, most clinical assessments of long-term memory dysfunction in breast cancer survivors have utilized basic verbal and visual memory tasks that do not capture the complexities of everyday event memories. Complex event memories, including episodic memory and autobiographical memory, critically rely on hippocampal processing for encoding and retrieval. Systemic chemotherapy treatments used in breast cancer commonly cause neurotoxicity within the hippocampus, thereby creating a vulnerability to memory impairment. We review structural and functional neuroimaging studies that have identified disruptions in the recollection network and related episodic memory impairments in chemotherapy-treated breast cancer survivors, and argue for the need to better characterize hippocampally mediated memory dysfunction following chemotherapy treatments. Given the importance of autobiographical memory for a person’s sense of identity, ability to plan for the future, and general functioning, under-appreciation of how this type of memory is impacted by cancer treatment can lead to overlooking or minimizing the negative experiences of breast cancer survivors, and neglecting a cognitive domain that may benefit from intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordon Winocur
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Melanie J. Sekeres
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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13
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Oversampled and undersolved: Depressive rumination from an active inference perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104873. [PMID: 36116573 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rumination is a widely recognized cognitive deviation in depression. Despite the recognition, researchers have struggled to explain why patients cannot disengage from the process, although it depresses their mood and fails to lead to effective problem-solving. We rethink rumination as repetitive but unsuccessful problem-solving attempts. Appealing to an active inference account, we suggest that adaptive problem-solving is based on the generation, evaluation, and performance of candidate policies that increase an organism's knowledge of its environment. We argue that the problem-solving process is distorted during rumination. Specifically, rumination is understood as engaging in excessive yet unsuccessful oversampling of policy candidates that do not resolve uncertainty. Because candidates are sampled from policies that were selected in states resembling one's current state, "bad" starting points (e.g., depressed mood, physical inactivity) make the problem-solving process vulnerable for generating a ruminative "halting problem". This problem leads to high opportunity costs, learned helplessness and diminished overt behavior. Besides reviewing evidence for the conceptual paths of this model, we discuss its neurophysiological correlates and point towards clinical implications.
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14
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Fenerci C, Gurguryan L, Spreng RN, Sheldon S. Comparing neural activity during autobiographical memory retrieval between younger and older adults: An ALE meta-analysis. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 119:8-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Sader M, Williams JHG, Waiter GD. A meta-analytic investigation of grey matter differences in anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2022; 30:560-579. [PMID: 35526083 PMCID: PMC9543727 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent research reports Anorexia Nervosa (AN) to be highly dependent upon neurobiological function. Some behaviours, particularly concerning food selectivity are found in populations with both Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and AN, and there is a proportionally elevated number of anorexic patients exhibiting symptoms of ASD. We performed a systematic review of structural MRI literature with the aim of identifying common structural neural correlates common to both AN and ASD. Across 46 ASD publications, a meta‐analysis of volumetric differences between ASD and healthy controls revealed no consistently affected brain regions. Meta‐analysis of 23 AN publications revealed increased volume within the orbitofrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe, and adult‐only AN literature revealed differences within the genu of the anterior cingulate cortex. The changes are consistent with alterations in flexible reward‐related learning and episodic memory reported in neuropsychological studies. There was no structural overlap between ASD and AN. Findings suggest no consistent neuroanatomical abnormality associated with ASD, and evidence is lacking to suggest that reported behavioural similarities between those with AN and ASD are due to neuroanatomical structural similarities. Findings related to neuroanatomical structure in AN/ASD demonstrate overlap and require revisiting. Meta‐analytic findings show structural increase/decrease versus healthy controls (LPFC/MTL/OFC) in AN, but no clusters found in ASD. The neuroanatomy associated with ASD is inconsistent, but findings in AN reflect condition‐related impairment in executive function and sociocognitive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Sader
- Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Justin H G Williams
- Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gordon D Waiter
- Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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16
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Roehri N, Bréchet L, Seeber M, Pascual-Leone A, Michel CM. Phase-Amplitude Coupling and Phase Synchronization Between Medial Temporal, Frontal and Posterior Brain Regions Support Episodic Autobiographical Memory Recall. Brain Topogr 2022; 35:191-206. [PMID: 35080692 PMCID: PMC8860804 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-022-00890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Episodic autobiographical memory (EAM) is a complex cognitive function that emerges from the coordination of specific and distant brain regions. Specific brain rhythms, namely theta and gamma oscillations and their synchronization, are thought of as putative mechanisms enabling EAM. Yet, the mechanisms of inter-regional interaction in the EAM network remain unclear in humans at the whole brain level. To investigate this, we analyzed EEG recordings of participants instructed to retrieve autobiographical episodes. EEG recordings were projected in the source space, and time-courses of atlas-based brain regions-of-interest (ROIs) were derived. Directed phase synchrony in high theta (7–10 Hz) and gamma (30–80 Hz) bands and high theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling were computed between each pair of ROIs. Using network-based statistics, a graph-theory method, we found statistically significant networks for each investigated mechanism. In the gamma band, two sub-networks were found, one between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and another within the medial frontal areas. In the high theta band, we found a PCC to ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) network. In phase-amplitude coupling, we found the high theta phase of the left MTL biasing the gamma amplitude of posterior regions and the vmPFC. Other regions of the temporal lobe and the insula were also phase biasing the vmPFC. These findings suggest that EAM, rather than emerging from a single mechanism at a single frequency, involves precise spatio-temporal signatures mapping on distinct memory processes. We propose that the MTL orchestrates activity in vmPFC and PCC via precise phase-amplitude coupling, with vmPFC and PCC interaction via high theta phase synchrony and gamma synchronization contributing to bind information within the PCC-MTL sub-network or valuate the candidate memory within the medial frontal sub-network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Roehri
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Campus Biotech, University of Geneva, 9 chemin des Mines, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Bréchet
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne and Geneva, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Seeber
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Campus Biotech, University of Geneva, 9 chemin des Mines, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Guttmann Brain Health Institute, Institut Guttman de Neurorehabilitació, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christoph M Michel
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Campus Biotech, University of Geneva, 9 chemin des Mines, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne and Geneva, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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17
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Johnson EG, Mooney L, Graf Estes K, Nordahl CW, Ghetti S. Activation for newly learned words in left medial-temporal lobe during toddlers' sleep is associated with memory for words. Curr Biol 2021; 31:5429-5438.e5. [PMID: 34670113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the neural substrates underlying early memory functioning. To gain more insight, we examined how toddlers remember newly learned words. Hippocampal and anterior medial-temporal lobe (MTL) processes have been hypothesized to support forming and retaining the association between novel words and their referents, but direct evidence of this connection in early childhood is lacking. We assessed 2-year-olds (n = 38) for their memory of newly learned pseudowords associated with novel objects and puppets. We tested memory for these associations during the same session as learning and after a 1-week delay. We then played these pseudowords, previously known words, and completely novel pseudowords during natural nocturnal sleep, while collecting functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Activation in the left hippocampus and the left anterior MTL for newly learned compared to novel words was associated with same-session memory for these newly learned words only when they were learned as puppet names. Activation for known words was associated with memory for puppet names at the 1-week delay. Activation for newly learned words was also associated with overall productive vocabulary. These results underscore an early developing link between memory mechanisms and word learning in the medial temporal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Gray Johnson
- Human Development Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
| | - Lindsey Mooney
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Katharine Graf Estes
- Human Development Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christine Wu Nordahl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Simona Ghetti
- Human Development Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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18
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Evidence supporting a time-limited hippocampal role in retrieving autobiographical memories. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023069118. [PMID: 33723070 PMCID: PMC8000197 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023069118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is central to healthy memory function, yet its necessity for remembering events from the distant past remains unclear. Prominent hypotheses alternatively suggest a time-limited or an indefinite role. fMRI evidence, typically based on silent in-scanner recall, has been equivocal, possibly because it provides sparse information of the content being remembered. Here, we asked fMRI participants to verbally describe recent and remote memories. After accounting for neural activity associated with the moment-to-moment memory content of recalled memories, we observed a temporally graded pattern of activity within the posterior hippocampus and found that recent—but not remote—event recall significantly activated the hippocampus relative to a non-autobiographical control task. Our findings support a time-limited hippocampal role in autobiographical memory. The necessity of the human hippocampus for remote autobiographical recall remains fiercely debated. The standard model of consolidation predicts a time-limited role for the hippocampus, but the competing multiple trace/trace transformation theories posit indefinite involvement. Lesion evidence remains inconclusive, and the inferences one can draw from functional MRI (fMRI) have been limited by reliance on covert (silent) recall, which obscures dynamic, moment-to-moment content of retrieved memories. Here, we capitalized on advances in fMRI denoising to employ overtly spoken recall. Forty participants retrieved recent and remote memories, describing each for approximately 2 min. Details associated with each memory were identified and modeled in the fMRI time-series data using a variant of the Autobiographical Interview procedure, and activity associated with the recall of recent and remote memories was then compared. Posterior hippocampal regions exhibited temporally graded activity patterns (recent events > remote events), as did several regions of frontal and parietal cortex. Consistent with predictions of the standard model, recall-related hippocampal activity differed from a non-autobiographical control task only for recent, and not remote, events. Task-based connectivity between posterior hippocampal regions and others associated with mental scene construction also exhibited a temporal gradient, with greater connectivity accompanying the recall of recent events. These findings support predictions of the standard model of consolidation and demonstrate the potential benefits of overt recall in neuroimaging experiments.
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19
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The human source memory system struggles to distinguish virtual reality and reality. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Meconi F, Hodsoll J, Goranova Z, Degano G, Di Lello N, Miniussi C, Avenanti A, Mevorach C. Remember as we empathize. Do brain mechanisms engaged in autobiographical memory retrieval causally affect empathy awareness? A combined TMS and EEG registered report. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2377-2389. [PMID: 34185890 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Social interactions are partly driven by our ability to empathize-the capacity to share and understand others' inner states. While a growing body of evidence suggests a link between past experiences and empathy, to what degree empathy is dependent on our own previous experiences (autobiographical memories, AMs) is still unclear. Whereas neuroimaging studies have shown wide overlapping brain networks underpinning AM and empathic processes, studies on clinical populations with memory loss have not always shown empathy is impaired. The current transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography study will seek to shed light on this neuropsychological puzzle by testing whether self-perceived empathy is causally linked to AM retrieval. Cortical activity, together with self-rating of empathy, will be recorded for scenarios that echo personal experiences while a brain region critical for AM retrieval will be transiently inhibited using TMS before task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Meconi
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - John Hodsoll
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zheni Goranova
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Giulio Degano
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicolò Di Lello
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience (CsrNC), Department of Psychology, Campus of Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Centro de Investigaci on en Neuropsicología y Neurosciencias Cognitivas, Universidad Catolica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Carmel Mevorach
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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21
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Serra L, De Simone MS, Fadda L, Perri R, Caltagirone C, Bozzali M, Carlesimo GA. Memory for public events in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: The role of hippocampus and ventro-medial prefrontal cortex. J Neuropsychol 2021; 16:131-148. [PMID: 34170071 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current theories assume that retrograde memory deficits for semantic information in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are temporally graded and partially sparing most remote memories. Moreover, these models assume a prevalent role of the hippocampus in early phases of memory consolidation and of the prefrontal mesial neocortical areas in permanent consolidation of traces. PURPOSE To explore the relationship between hippocampus and memory accuracy for the most recent public events and between the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and memory accuracy irrespective of the memory age, we investigated in aMCI patients the retrograde memory for public events and its relationship with grey matter volume reductions in the hippocampus and vmPFC. METHODS 18 aMCI patients and 13 healthy subjects (HS) underwent a modified version of the Famous Events questionnaire (FEq) to assess their memory performance for public events. Patients underwent 3T-MRI scanning to assess correlations between FEq's scores and grey matter volumes. RESULTS aMCI showed significantly reduced performances on FEq compared to HS in the recollection of most recent events, while no significant difference was observed for more remote memories, thus demonstrating a temporal gradient. Moreover, hippocampal volumes predicted accuracy scores for most recent, but not older, public events. Finally, an area in the subcallosal portion of the vmPFC, corresponding to BA32, predicted accuracy scores on FEq irrespective of the period examined. CONCLUSIONS Pathological changes in a neural circuit linking hippocampal to medial prefrontal cortical regions are responsible for impaired recollection of retrograde memories in aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serra
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Fadda
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Perri
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Giovanni A Carlesimo
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
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22
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Meconi F, Linde-Domingo J, S Ferreira C, Michelmann S, Staresina B, Apperly IA, Hanslmayr S. EEG and fMRI evidence for autobiographical memory reactivation in empathy. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:4448-4464. [PMID: 34121270 PMCID: PMC8410563 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Empathy relies on the ability to mirror and to explicitly infer others' inner states. Theoretical accounts suggest that memories play a role in empathy, but direct evidence of reactivation of autobiographical memories (AM) in empathy is yet to be shown. We addressed this question in two experiments. In Experiment 1, electrophysiological activity (EEG) was recorded from 28 participants. Participants performed an empathy task in which targets for empathy were depicted in contexts for which participants either did or did not have an AM, followed by a task that explicitly required memory retrieval of the AM and non‐AM contexts. The retrieval task was implemented to extract the neural fingerprints of AM and non‐AM contexts, which were then used to probe data from the empathy task. An EEG pattern classifier was trained and tested across tasks and showed evidence for AM reactivation when participants were preparing their judgement in the empathy task. Participants self‐reported higher empathy for people depicted in situations they had experienced themselves as compared to situations they had not experienced. A second independent fMRI experiment replicated this behavioural finding and showed increased activation for AM compared to non‐AM in the brain networks underlying empathy: precuneus, posterior parietal cortex, superior and inferior parietal lobule, and superior frontal gyrus. Together, our study reports behavioural, electrophysiological, and fMRI evidence that robustly supports AM reactivation in empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Linde-Domingo
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham.,Max Plank Institute Berlin for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Michelmann
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham.,Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bernhard Staresina
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham.,Center for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian A Apperly
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Simon Hanslmayr
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham.,Center for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute for Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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23
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Teghil A, Bonavita A, Guariglia C, Boccia M. Commonalities and specificities between environmental navigation and autobiographical memory: A synthesis and a theoretical perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:928-945. [PMID: 34102149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that declarative memory evolved from spatial navigation, with episodic memory having its roots in mechanisms of egocentric navigation and semantic memory in those of allocentric navigation; however, whether these brain networks actually overlap is still unclear. Using Activation Likelihood Estimation, we assessed the correspondence between brain correlates of spatial navigation (SN) and autobiographical memory (AM), further testing whether neural substrates of episodic memory (EAM) and egocentric navigation, and those of semantic memory (SAM) and map-like navigation, coincide. SN and AM commonly activated the parahippocampal gyrus and middle hippocampus, posterior cingulate cortex and right angular gyrus, but also involved distinct brain regions. Similarly, EAM and egocentric navigation, besides sharing a network involving the right angular gyrus, bilateral posterior cingulate and parahippocampal gyrus, activated distinct brain regions; no region was commonly activated by SAM and allocentric navigation. We discuss findings in the light of theories on the relation between navigation and memory, and propose a new theoretical perspective, which takes into account the dynamic nature of navigational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Teghil
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Bonavita
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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24
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Gilboa A, Moscovitch M. No consolidation without representation: Correspondence between neural and psychological representations in recent and remote memory. Neuron 2021; 109:2239-2255. [PMID: 34015252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Memory systems consolidation is often conceived as the linear, time-dependent, neurobiological shift of memory from hippocampal-cortical to cortico-cortical dependency. We argue that contrary to this unidirectional view of memory reorganization, information about events may be retained in multiple forms (e.g., event-specific sensory-near episodic memory, event-specific gist information, event-general schematic information, or abstract semantic memory). These representations can all form at the time of the event and may continue to coexist for long durations. Their relative strength, composition, and dominance of expression change with time and experience, with task demands, and through their dynamic interaction with one another. These different psychological mnemonic representations depend on distinct functional and structural neurobiological substrates such that there is a neural-psychological representation correspondence (NPRC) among them. We discuss how the dynamics of psychological memory representations are reflected in multiple levels of neurobiological markers and their interactions. By this view, there are only variations of synaptic consolidation and memory dynamics without assuming a distinct systems consolidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Gilboa
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.
| | - Morris Moscovitch
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.
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25
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Mental representation of autobiographical memories along the sagittal mental timeline: Evidence from spatiotemporal interference. Psychon Bull Rev 2021; 28:1327-1335. [PMID: 33782918 PMCID: PMC8367924 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-021-01906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Time is usually conceived of in terms of space: many natural languages refer to time according to a back-to-front axis. Indeed, whereas the past is usually conceived to be "behind us", the future is considered to be "in front of us." Despite temporal coding is pivotal for the development of autonoetic consciousness, little is known about the organization of autobiographical memories along this axis. Here we developed a spatial compatibility task (SCT) to test the organization of autobiographical memories along the sagittal plane, using spatiotemporal interference. Twenty-one participants were asked to recall both episodic and semantic autobiographical memories (EAM and SAM, respectively) to be used in the SCT. Then, during the SCT, they were asked to decide whether each event occurred before or after the event presented right before, using a response code that could be compatible with the back-to-front axis (future in front) or not (future at back). We found that performance was significantly worse during the non-compatible condition, especially for EAM. The results are discussed in light of the evidence for spatiotemporal encoding of episodic autobiographical memories, taking into account possible mechanisms explaining compatibility effects.
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Riva G, Wiederhold BK, Mantovani F. Surviving COVID-19: The Neuroscience of Smart Working and Distance Learning. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2021; 24:79-85. [PMID: 33577414 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2021.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of the coronavirus-caused respiratory disease (COVID-19) and the related restrictions to mobility and social interactions are forcing a significant portion of students and workers to reorganize their daily activities to accommodate the needs of distance learning and agile work (smart working). What is the impact of these changes on the bosses/teachers' and workers/students' experience? This article uses recent neuroscience research findings to explore how distance learning and smart working impact the following three pillars that reflect the organization of our brain and are at the core of school and office experiences: (a) the learning/work happens in a dedicated physical place; (b) the learning/work is carried out under the supervision of a boss/professor; and (c) the learning/work is distributed between team members/classmates. For each pillar, we discuss its link with the specific cognitive processes involved and the impact that technology has on their functioning. In particular, the use of videoconferencing affects the functioning of Global Positioning System neurons (neurons that code our navigation behavior), mirror neurons, self-attention networks, spindle cells, and interbrain neural oscillations. These effects have a significant impact on many identity and cognitive processes, including social and professional identity, leadership, intuition, mentoring, and creativity. In conclusion, just moving typical office and learning processes inside a videoconferencing platform, as happened in many contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic, can in the long term erode corporate cultures and school communities. In this view, an effective use of technology requires us to reimagine how work and teaching are done virtually, in creative and bold new ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Riva
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Brenda K Wiederhold
- Virtual Reality Medical Center, La Jolla, California, USA.,Virtual Reality Medical Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabrizia Mantovani
- Centre for Studies in Communication Sciences "Luigi Anolli" (CESCOM), Department of Human Sciences for Education "Riccardo Massa," University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Gilmore AW, Quach A, Kalinowski SE, Gotts SJ, Schacter DL, Martin A. Dynamic Content Reactivation Supports Naturalistic Autobiographical Recall in Humans. J Neurosci 2021; 41:153-166. [PMID: 33203742 PMCID: PMC7786205 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1490-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can vividly recall and re-experience events from their past, and these are commonly referred to as episodic or autobiographical memories. fMRI experiments reliably associate autobiographical event recall with activity in a network of "default" or "core" brain regions. However, as prior studies have relied on covert (silent) recall procedures, current understanding may be hampered by methodological limitations that obscure dynamic effects supporting moment-to-moment content retrieval. Here, fMRI participants (N = 40) overtly (verbally) recalled memories for ∼2 min periods. The content of spoken descriptions was categorized using a variant of the Autobiographical Interview (AI) procedure (Levine et al., 2002) and temporally re-aligned with BOLD data so activity accompanying the recall of different details could be measured. Replicating prior work, sustained effects associated with autobiographical recall periods (which are insensitive to the moment-to-moment content of retrieval) fell primarily within canonical default network regions. Spoken descriptions were rich in episodic details, frequently focusing on physical entities, their ongoing activities, and their appearances. Critically, neural activity associated with recalling specific details (e.g., those related to people or places) was transient, broadly distributed, and grounded in category-selective cortex (e.g., regions related to social cognition or scene processing). Thus, although a single network may generally support the process of vivid event reconstruction, the structures required to provide detail-related information shift in a predictable manner that respects domain-level representations across the cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Humans can vividly recall memories of autobiographical episodes, a process thought to involve the reconstruction of numerous distinct event details. Yet how the brain represents a complex episode as it unfolds over time remains unclear and appears inconsistent across experimental traditions. One hurdle is the use of covert (silent) in-scanner recall to study autobiographical memory, which prevents experimenter knowledge of what information is being retrieved, and when, throughout the remembering process. In this experiment, participants overtly described autobiographical memories while undergoing fMRI. Activity associated with the recall and description of specific details was transient, broadly distributed, and grounded in category-selective cortex. Thus, it appears that as events unfold mentally, structures are dynamically reactivated to support vivid recollection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian W Gilmore
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Alina Quach
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sarah E Kalinowski
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Stephen J Gotts
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Daniel L Schacter
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Alex Martin
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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