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Su X, Wang S, Tian Y, Teng M, Wang J, Zhang Y, Ji W, Zhang Y. Identification of Autophagy-Related Genes in Patients with Acute Spinal Cord Injury and Analysis of Potential Therapeutic Targets. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04431-x. [PMID: 39150631 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of spinal cord injury (SCI); however, its specific mechanisms remain unclear. This study is aimed at identifying potential molecular biomarkers related to autophagy in SCI through bioinformatics analysis and exploring potential therapeutic targets. The mRNA expression profile dataset GSE151371 was obtained from the GEO database, and R software was used to screen for differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DE-ARGs) in SCI. A total of 39 DE-ARGs were detected in this study. Enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, TF-mRNA-miRNA regulatory network analysis, and the DSigDB database were used to investigate the regulatory mechanisms between DE-ARGs and identify potential drugs for SCI. Enrichment analysis revealed associations with autophagy, apoptosis, and cell death. PPI analysis identified the highest-scoring module and selected 10 hub genes to construct the TF-mRNA-miRNA network, revealing regulatory mechanisms. Analysis of the DSigDB database indicated that 1,9-Pyrazoloanthrone may be a potential therapeutic drug. Machine learning algorithms identified 3 key genes as candidate biomarkers. Additionally, immune cell infiltration results revealed significant correlations between PINK1, NLRC4, VAMP3, and immune cell accumulation. Molecular docking simulations revealed that imatinib can exert relatively strong regulatory effects on the three key proteins. Finally, in vivo experimental data revealed that the overall biological process of autophagy was disrupted. In summary, this study successfully identified 39 DE-ARGs and discovered several promising biomarkers, significantly contributing to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of autophagy in SCI. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Shenglong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Menghao Teng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Wenchen Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
| | - Yingang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
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Holmes TC, Popp NM, Hintz CF, Dobrzycki I, Schmitz CJ, Schwichtenberg KA, Gonzalez-Rothi EJ, Sundberg CW, Streeter KA. Sex differences in spontaneous respiratory recovery following chronic C2 hemisection. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 137:166-180. [PMID: 38867665 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00040.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory deficits after C2 hemisection (C2Hx) have been well documented through single-sex investigations. Although ovarian sex hormones enable enhanced respiratory recovery observed in females 2 wk post-C2Hx, it remains unknown if sex impacts spontaneous respiratory recovery at chronic time points. We conducted a longitudinal study to provide a comprehensive sex-based characterization of respiratory neuromuscular recovery for 8 wk after C2Hx. We recorded ventilation and chronic diaphragm electromyography (EMG) output in awake, behaving animals, phrenic motor output in anesthetized animals, and performed diaphragm muscle histology in chronically injured male and female rodents. Our results show that females expressed a greater recovery of tidal volume and minute ventilation compared with males during subacute and chronic time points. Eupneic diaphragm EMG amplitude during wakefulness and phrenic motor amplitude are similar between sexes at all time points after injury. Our data also suggest that females have a greater reduction in ipsilateral diaphragm EMG amplitude during spontaneous deep breaths (e.g., sighs) compared with males. Finally, we show evidence for atrophy and remodeling of the fast, fatigable fibers ipsilateral to injury in females, but not in males. To our knowledge, the data presented here represent the first study to report sex-dependent differences in spontaneous respiratory recovery and diaphragm muscle morphology following chronic C2Hx. These data highlight the need to study both sexes to inform evidence-based therapeutic interventions in respiratory recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI).NEW & NOTEWORTHY In response to chronic C2 hemisection, female rodents display increased tidal volume during eupneic breathing compared with males. Females show a greater reduction in diaphragm electromyography (EMG) amplitude during spontaneous deep breaths (e.g., sighs) and atrophy and remodeling of fast, fatigable diaphragm fibers. Given that most rehabilitative interventions occur in the subacute to chronic stages of injury, these results highlight the importance of considering sex when developing and evaluating therapeutics after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C Holmes
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Nicole M Popp
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Carley F Hintz
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Isabell Dobrzycki
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Athletic and Human Performance Research Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Carolyn J Schmitz
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kaylyn A Schwichtenberg
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Elisa J Gonzalez-Rothi
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Christopher W Sundberg
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Athletic and Human Performance Research Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kristi A Streeter
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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Qian D, Dong Y, Liu X, Yu H, Song Z, Jia C, Zhang Z, Cao S, Hu F, Zhang X. Salidroside promotes the repair of spinal cord injury by inhibiting astrocyte polarization, promoting neural stem cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:224. [PMID: 38724500 PMCID: PMC11082153 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a formidable challenge, lacking effective treatments. Following SCI, neural stem cells (NSCs) migrate to SCI sites, offering a potential avenue for nerve regeneration, but the effectiveness of this intrinsic repair mechanism remains suboptimal. Salidroside has demonstrated pro-repair attributes in various pathological conditions, including arthritis and cerebral ischemia, and the ability to curtail early-stage inflammation following SCI. However, the specific role of salidroside in the late-stage repair processes of SCI remains less defined. In this investigation, we observed that continuous salidroside treatment in SCI mice improved motor function recovery. Immunofluorescence-staining corroborated salidroside's capacity to stimulate nerve regeneration and remyelination, suppress glial scar hyperplasia, reduce the activation of neurotoxic A1 astrocytes, and facilitate NSCs migration towards the injured region. Mechanistically, in vitro experiments elucidated salidroside's significant role in restraining astrocyte proliferation and A1 polarization. It was further established that A1 astrocytes hinder NSCs proliferation while inducing their differentiation into astrocytes. Salidroside effectively ameliorated this inhibition of NSCs proliferation through diminishing c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway phosphorylation and restored their differentiation into neurons by suppressing the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. In summary, our findings suggest that salidroside holds promise as a therapeutic agent for traumatic SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingfei Qian
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaole Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Haichao Yu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zelong Song
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Chengqi Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shiqi Cao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Fanqi Hu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Yang KJ, Kerr C, Rumps MV, Mulcahey M. Musculoskeletal and cardiovascular considerations for transgender athletes. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38605534 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2024.2342230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Participation in athletics is essential for the overall well-being of transgender athletes and should be included as part of gender-affirming care. Surveys show physicians and athletic trainers want to provide appropriate care for transgender athletes but lack the proper knowledge and training to do so. Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy (GAHT) is part of gender-affirming care, yet the effects of GAHT on the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health of transgender athletes is not well-understood. The purpose of this review was to discuss important musculoskeletal and cardiovascular considerations unique to transgender athletes and improve physician understanding in caring for transgender athletes. METHODS A representative selection of literature on the effects of GAHT on cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health was included in this review. RESULTS Estrogen therapy may increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and stroke, and decrease blood pressure levels among transgender women, while studies on lipid profile are inconsistent among both transgender men and women. Transgender women receiving GAHT may also be at greater risk for bone fracture and ligamentous injuries. CONCLUSION Exercise is essential for the well-being of transgender individuals and special considerations regarding the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health of transgender athletes should be incorporated into standard medical education. Educational programs for transgender patients and their support team should focus on preventative measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of adverse musculoskeletal and cardiovascular events. The PPE is an invaluable tool available to physicians to monitor the health and safety of transgender athletes and should be regularly updated as research on the health of transgender individuals continues to grow. Longitudinal and prospective studies should examine the effects of GAHT on the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular health of transgender athletes. Lastly, health care providers play an important role in the advancement of gender-neutral policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailynn J Yang
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Canaan Kerr
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Mia V Rumps
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Mary Mulcahey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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Rymbai E, Sugumar D, Chakkittukandiyil A, Kothandan R, Selvaraj D. Molecular insights into the potential effects of selective estrogen receptor β agonists in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4014. [PMID: 38616346 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative disorders. Pathologically, AD and PD are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Hence, they are also called as proteinopathy diseases. Gender is considered as one of the risk factors in both diseases. Estrogens are widely accepted to be neuroprotective in several neurodegenerative disorders. Estrogens can be produced in the central nervous system, where they are called as neurosteroids. Estrogens mediate their neuroprotective action mainly through their actions on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). However, ERα is mainly involved in the growth and development of the primary and secondary sexual organs in females. Hence, the activation of ERα is associated with undesired side effects such as gynecomastia and increase in the risk of breast cancer, thromboembolism, and feminization. Therefore, selective activation of ERβ is often considered to be safer. In this review, we explore the role of ERβ in regulating the expression and functions of AD- and PD-associated genes. Additionally, we discuss the association of these genes with the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) and α-synuclein mediated toxicity. Ultimately, we established a correlation between the importance of ERβ activation and the process underlying ERβ's neuroprotective mechanisms in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emdormi Rymbai
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepa Sugumar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amritha Chakkittukandiyil
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ram Kothandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Divakar Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
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López-Aranda MF, Bach K, Bui R, Phan M, Lu O, Thadani C, Luchetti A, Mandanas R, Herrera I, López-Ávalos MD, Silva AJ. Early Post-Natal Immune Activation Leads to Object Memory Deficits in Female Tsc2+/- Mice: The Importance of Including Both Sexes in Neuroscience Research. Biomedicines 2024; 12:203. [PMID: 38255309 PMCID: PMC10813674 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that viral infections during pre-natal development constitute a risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders and lead to learning and memory deficits. However, little is known about why viral infections during early post-natal development have a different impact on learning and memory depending on the sex of the subject. We previously showed that early post-natal immune activation induces hippocampal-dependent social memory deficits in a male, but not in a female, mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC; Tsc2+/- mice). Here, we explored the impact of a viral-like immune challenge in object memory. We demonstrate that early post-natal immune activation (during the first 2 weeks of life) leads to object memory deficits in female, but not male, mice that are heterozygous for a gene responsible for tuberous sclerosis complex (Tsc2+/- mice), while no effect was observed in wild type (WT) mice. Moreover, we found that the same immune activation in Tsc2+/- adult mice was not able to cause object memory deficits in females, which suggests that the early post-natal development stage constitutes a critical window for the effects of immune challenge on adult memory. Also, our results suggest that mTOR plays a critical role in the observed deficit in object memory in female Tsc2+/- mice. These results, together with previous results published by our laboratory, showing sex-specific memory deficits due to early post-natal immune activation, reinforce the necessity of using both males and females for research studies. This is especially true for studies related to immune activation, since the higher levels of estrogens in females are known to affect inflammation and to provide neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel F. López-Aranda
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (A.J.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Karen Bach
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Raymond Bui
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Miranda Phan
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Odilia Lu
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Chirag Thadani
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Alessandro Luchetti
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Rochelle Mandanas
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Isaiah Herrera
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - María Dolores López-Ávalos
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Alcino J. Silva
- Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, Psychiatry, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (A.J.S.)
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Soedirdjo SDH, Chung YC, Dhaher YY. Sex hormone mediated change on flexion reflex. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1263756. [PMID: 38188036 PMCID: PMC10768023 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1263756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that estrogen and progesterone receptors are expressed in the spinal cord; therefore, fluctuation in their concentrations may affect the spinal network and modulate the control of movement. Herein, we assessed the neuro-modulatory effect of sex hormones on the polysynaptic spinal network by using a flexion reflex network as a model system. Twenty-four healthy eumenorrheic women (age 21-37 years) were tested every other day for one menstrual cycle. Serum estradiol and progesterone were acquired at the time of testing. The flexion reflex of the tibialis anterior was elicited by sending an innocuous electrical stimulus directly to the posterior tibial nerve or plantar cutaneous afferent. Analyses were performed for each menstrual cycle phase: the follicular phase and the luteal phase. Increases in estradiol or progesterone concentrations were not associated with reflex duration or root mean squared (RMS) amplitude in either the follicular or luteal phases. In the luteal phase, an increase in the estradiol concentration was associated with a longer latency of the reflex (b = 0.23, p = 0.038). The estradiol × progesterone interaction was found towards significance (b = -0.017, p = 0.081). These results highlight the potential synergistic effect of estradiol and progesterone and may provide indirect confirmatory evidence of the observed modulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subaryani D. H. Soedirdjo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yu-Chen Chung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yasin Y. Dhaher
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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8
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Chen L, Qin Q, Huang P, Cao F, Yin M, Xie Y, Wang W. Chronic pain accelerates cognitive impairment by reducing hippocampal neurogenesis may via CCL2/CCR2 signaling in APP/PS1 mice. Brain Res Bull 2023; 205:110801. [PMID: 37931808 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic pain often have cognitive impairment; this is especially true in elderly patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. This was addressed in the present study by investigating the effect of chronic neuropathic pain on hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment using amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) double transgenic mice subjected to spared-nerve injury (SNI). The Von Frey test was performed to determine the mechanical threshold of mouse hind limbs after SNI. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory. Doublecortin-positive (DCX+), 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)+, BrdU+/neuronal nuclei (NeuN)+, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)+ neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis. CCL2 and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) protein levels in the mouse hippocampus were analyzed by western blotting. The results showed that APP/PS1 mice with chronic neuropathic pain induced by SNI had significant learning and memory impairment. This was accompanied by increased CCL2 and CCR2 expression and decreases in the number of DCX+, BrdU+, and BrdU+/NeuN+ neurons. These results suggest that chronic neuropathic pain is associated with cognitive impairment, which may be caused by CCL2/CCR2 signaling-mediated inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis. Thus, therapeutic strategies that alleviate neuropathic pain can potentially slow cognitive decline in patients with AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Department of Pain, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Pain, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Panchuan Huang
- Department of Pain, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Fangli Cao
- Department of Pain, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Maojia Yin
- Department of Pain, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yachen Xie
- Department of Pain, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wuchao Wang
- Department of Pain, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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9
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Sánchez-Torres S, Orozco-Barrios C, Salgado-Ceballos H, Segura-Uribe JJ, Guerra-Araiza C, León-Cholula Á, Morán J, Coyoy-Salgado A. Tibolone Improves Locomotor Function in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury by Modulating Apoptosis and Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15285. [PMID: 37894971 PMCID: PMC10607734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) harms patients' health and social and economic well-being. Unfortunately, fully effective therapeutic strategies have yet to be developed to treat this disease, affecting millions worldwide. Apoptosis and autophagy are critical cell death signaling pathways after SCI that should be targeted for early therapeutic interventions to mitigate their adverse effects and promote functional recovery. Tibolone (TIB) is a selective tissue estrogen activity regulator (STEAR) with neuroprotective properties demonstrated in some experimental models. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TIB on apoptotic cell death and autophagy after SCI and verify whether TIB promotes motor function recovery. A moderate contusion SCI was produced at thoracic level 9 (T9) in male Sprague Dawley rats. Subsequently, animals received a daily dose of TIB orally and were sacrificed at 1, 3, 14 or 30 days post-injury. Tissue samples were collected for morphometric and immunofluorescence analysis to identify tissue damage and the percentage of neurons at the injury site. Autophagic (Beclin-1, LC3-I/LC3-II, p62) and apoptotic (Caspase 3) markers were also analyzed via Western blot. Finally, motor function was assessed using the BBB scale. TIB administration significantly increased the amount of preserved tissue (p < 0.05), improved the recovery of motor function (p < 0.001) and modulated the expression of autophagy markers in a time-dependent manner while consistently inhibiting apoptosis (p < 0.05). Therefore, TIB could be a therapeutic alternative for the recovery of motor function after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sánchez-Torres
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (S.S.-T.); (H.S.-C.); (Á.L.-C.)
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Carlos Orozco-Barrios
- CONACyT-Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Hermelinda Salgado-Ceballos
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (S.S.-T.); (H.S.-C.); (Á.L.-C.)
| | - Julia J. Segura-Uribe
- Subdirección de Gestión de la Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Christian Guerra-Araiza
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Ángel León-Cholula
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (S.S.-T.); (H.S.-C.); (Á.L.-C.)
| | - Julio Morán
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Angélica Coyoy-Salgado
- CONACyT-Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
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10
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Cabrera-Aldana EE, Balderas-Martínez YI, Velázquez-Cruz R, Tovar-y-Romo LB, Sevilla-Montoya R, Martínez-Cruz A, Martinez-Cordero C, Valdés-Flores M, Santamaria-Olmedo M, Hidalgo-Bravo A, Guízar-Sahagún G. Administration of Tamoxifen Can Regulate Changes in Gene Expression during the Acute Phase of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7476-7491. [PMID: 37754256 PMCID: PMC10529143 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes irreversible damage leading to incapacity. Molecular mechanisms underlying SCI damage are not fully understood, preventing the development of novel therapies. Tamoxifen (TMX) has emerged as a promising therapy. Our aim was to identify transcriptome changes in the acute phase of SCI and the effect of Tamoxifen on those changes in a rat model of SCI. Four groups were considered: (1) Non-injured without TMX (Sham/TMX-), (2) Non-injured with TMX (Sham/TMX+), (3) injured without TMX (SCI/TMX-), and (4) injured with TMX (SCI/TMX+). Tamoxifen was administered intraperitoneally 30 min after injury, and spinal cord tissues were collected 24 h after injury. Clariom S Assays Array was used for transcriptome analysis. After comparing Sham/TMX- versus SCI/TMX-, 708 genes showed differential expression. The enriched pathways were the SCI pathway and pathways related to the inflammatory response. When comparing SCI/TMX- versus SCI/TMX+, only 30 genes showed differential expression, with no pathways enriched. Our results showed differential expression of genes related to the inflammatory response after SCI, and Tamoxifen seems to regulate gene expression changes in Ccr2 and Mmp12. Our study contributes data regarding the potential value of tamoxifen as a therapeutic resource for traumatic SCI during the acute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eibar E. Cabrera-Aldana
- Department of Genomics Medicine, National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR), Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (E.E.C.-A.); (M.V.-F.); (M.S.-O.)
| | - Yalbi I. Balderas-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Luis B. Tovar-y-Romo
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Rosalba Sevilla-Montoya
- Reproductive Research and Perinatal Health Department, National Institute of Perinatology, Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - Angelina Martínez-Cruz
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Proyecto Camina, A.C. 4430 Calz. Tlalpan, Mexico City 14050, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Martinez-Cordero
- Regional Hospital of High Specialty of the Bajio, Blvd. Milenio 130, Col. San Carlos la Roncha, León 37660, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - Margarita Valdés-Flores
- Department of Genomics Medicine, National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR), Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (E.E.C.-A.); (M.V.-F.); (M.S.-O.)
| | - Monica Santamaria-Olmedo
- Department of Genomics Medicine, National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR), Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (E.E.C.-A.); (M.V.-F.); (M.S.-O.)
| | - Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo
- Department of Genomics Medicine, National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR), Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (E.E.C.-A.); (M.V.-F.); (M.S.-O.)
| | - Gabriel Guízar-Sahagún
- Research Unit for Neurological Diseases, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 330 Avenida Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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11
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Araj SK, Szeleszczuk Ł. A Review on Cyclodextrins/Estrogens Inclusion Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108780. [PMID: 37240133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the methods of preparation and biological, physiochemical, and theoretical analysis of the inclusion complexes formed between estrogens and cyclodextrins (CDs). Because estrogens have a low polarity, they can interact with some cyclodextrins' hydrophobic cavities to create inclusion complexes, if their geometric properties are compatible. For the last forty years, estrogen-CD complexes have been widely applied in several fields for various objectives. For example, CDs have been used as estrogen solubilizers and absorption boosters in pharmaceutical formulations, as well as in chromatographic and electrophoretic procedures for their separation and quantification. Other applications include the removal of the endocrine disruptors from environmental materials, the preparation of the samples for mass spectrometric analysis, or solid-phase extractions based on complex formation with CDs. The aim of this review is to gather the most important outcomes from the works related to this topic, presenting the results of synthesis, in silico, in vitro, and in vivo analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Kamil Araj
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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