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Qian ZM, Li W, Guo Q. Ferroportin1 in the brain. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101961. [PMID: 37236369 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite years of research, it remains unclear why certain brain regions of patients with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have abnormally high levels of iron, although it has long been suggested that disrupted expression of iron-metabolizing proteins due to genetic or non-genetic factors is responsible for the enhancement in brain iron contents. In addition to the increased expression of cell-iron importers lactoferrin (lactotransferrin) receptor (LfR) in Parkinson's disease (PD) and melanotransferrin (p97) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), some investigations have suggested that cell-iron exporter ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) may be also associated with the elevated iron observed in the brain. The decreased expression of Fpn1 and the resulting decrease in the amount of iron excreted from brain cells has been thought to be able to enhance iron levels in the brain in AD, PD and other NDs. Cumulative results also suggest that the reduction of Fpn1 can be induced by hepcidin-dependent and -independent pathways. In this article, we discuss the current understanding of Fpn1 expression in the brain and cell lines of rats, mice and humans, with emphasis on the potential involvement of reduced Fpn1 in brain iron enhancement in patients with AD, PD and other NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ming Qian
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, and Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu China 226019.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, and Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu China 226019
| | - Qian Guo
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 881 Yonghe Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Zheng J, Wang JJ, Ma HM, Shen MQ, Qian ZM, Bao YX. Norcantharidin down-regulates iron contents in the liver and spleen of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. Redox Rep 2022; 27:119-127. [PMID: 35735222 PMCID: PMC9246006 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2088011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The inhibiting effect of Norcantharidin (NCTD) on IL-6 (interleukin-6) and STAT3 and the involvement of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in hepcidin expression prompted us to speculate that NCTD could affect iron metabolism. Methods We examined the effects of NCTD on serum iron (SI) and transferrin (Tf) saturation, iron and ferritin light chain (FTL), transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), ferroportin 1 (Fpn1), iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) and hepcidin, as well as IL-6 and STAT3 in the liver, spleen and duodenum of mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo, using RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Results NCTD could increase SI and Tf saturation and reduce tissue iron and FTL content by affecting expression of cell-iron transport proteins TfR1, DMT1 and Fpn1. The impact of NCTD on TfR1, DMT1 and Fpn1 expression is mediated by up-regulating IRP1 and down-regulating hepcidin expression, while NCTD-induced down-regulation of hepcidin is mediated by the IL-6/STAT3 signalling pathway in LPS-treated mice. Conclusions NCTD affects iron metabolism by modifying the expression of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/hepcidin and IRP1 and suggest that the ability of NCTD to reduce tissue iron contents may be a novel mechanism associated with the anti-cancer effects of NCTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Wang
- Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Ma
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Qi Shen
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Bao
- Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
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Wu XM, Qian C, Jiang F, Bao YX, Qian ZM, Ke Y. The involvement of nuclear factor-κB in astroprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury by ischemia-preconditioned neurons. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4515-4527. [PMID: 33442879 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioned (IP) neurons protect astrocytes against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury by inhibiting oxidative stress. However, the relevant mechanisms are unknown. Based on the role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in cell survival and adaption to oxidative stress, we hypothesized that NF-κB might be associated with astroprotection induced by IP neurons via upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. Here, we investigated the effects of IP neurons on NF-κB activation, cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of antioxidant enzymes, erythropoietin (EPO), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), in the presence or absence of BAY11-7082 (an NF-κB inhibitor), anti-EPO, and anti-TNF-α antibodies, in astrocytes treated with or without I/R. We found that IP neurons could keep NF-κB activation at a relatively higher but beneficial level, and in turn, upregulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes and hence enhanced cell viability and reduced ROS in I/R treated astrocytes. The results collectively indicated that IP neurons are able to significantly inhibit the I/R-induced NF-κB overactivation, probably via EPO and TNF-α, being essential for IP neuron-induced astroprotection under the conditions of I/R. We concluded that NF-κB-mediated antioxidative stress is one of the mechanisms by which IP neurons protect astrocytes against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Wu
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine and Institute for Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Christopher Qian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Fei Jiang
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine and Institute for Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Xin Bao
- Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine and Institute for Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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4
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Hepatocyte growth factor protects PC12 cells against OGD/R-induced injury by reducing iron. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222408. [PMID: 32186328 PMCID: PMC7109004 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the light of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) the inhibiting role on the expression of hepcidin, we hypothesized that HGF might be able to reduce cell and tissue iron by increasing ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) content and Fpn1-mediated iron release from cells and tissues. The hypothesized ability of HGF to reduce iron might be one of the mechanisms associated with its neuroprotective action under the conditions of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Here, we investigated the effects of HGF on the expression of hepcidin as well as transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), Fpn1, ferritin and iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated PC12 cells by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. We demonstrated that HGF could completely reverse the OGD/R-induced reduction in Fpn1 and IRP1 expression and increase in ferritin light chain protein and hepcidin mRNA levels in PC12 cells. It was concluded that HGF protects PC12 cells against OGD/R-induced injury mainly by reducing cell iron contents via the up-regulation of Fpn1 and increased Fpn1-mediated iron export from cells. Our findings suggested that HGF may also be able to ameliorate OGD/R or I/R-induced overloading of brain iron by promoting Fpn1 expression.
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Zhang C, Qian C, Yang G, Bao YX, Qian ZM. Hepcidin inhibits autophagy in intracerebral hemorrhage models in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 111:103589. [PMID: 33422672 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron has a key role in the activation of the autophagic pathway in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and hepcidin has the ability to reduce brain iron in ICH-rats. We therefore hypothesized that hepcidin might be able to inhibit autophagy by reducing iron in an ICH brain. Here, we investigated the effects of Ad-hepcidin and/or hepcidin peptide on autophagic activities in ICH models in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that ad-hepcidin and hepcidin peptide both inhibited hemin-induced increase in LC3-II/LC3-I conversion ratio and reversed the reduction in p62 content in cortical neurons in vitro. We also showed that ad-hepcidin inhibited ICH-induced increase in LC3-II/LC3-I conversion ratio and reversed ICH-induced reduction in p62 content in the brain cortex of rats in vivo. Based on these findings plus previous data on the effects of ad-hepcidin and/or hepcidin peptide on iron contents in ICH models, we suggested that hepcidin-induced inhibition of autophagy might be mediated via reducing iron in hemin-treated neurons in vitro and ICH-rat brain in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Christopher Qian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Guang Yang
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yu-Xin Bao
- Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
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Chen YJ, Qian ZM, Sheng Y, Zheng J, Liu Y. Angiotensin II down-regulates transferrin receptor 1 and ferroportin 1 expression in Neuro-2a cells via activation of type-1 receptor. Neurosci Lett 2019; 716:134684. [PMID: 31830506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (ANGII) modulates expression of iron intake and export proteins in cultured neurons. However, the relevant mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of ANGII and/or candesartan, a ANGII-Type-1 Receptor (AT1R) antagonist, and PD123319, a ANGII-Type-2 Receptor (AT2R) antagonist on expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), ferroportin 1 (Fpn1)and ferritin as well as iron regulatory proteins (IRPs), hepcidin and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in Neuro-2a cells. We demonstrated that ANGII induces a significant reduction in expression of TfR1, Fpn1, IRP2 proteins and Nrf2 mRNA and an increase in ferritin protein and hepcidin mRNA, while candesartan, but not PD123319, significantly attenuated or reversed all these ANGII-induced changes in Neuro-2a cells. These findings imply that ANGII down-regulates TfR1 expression likely via the AT1R/IRP2 pathway, and Fpn1 expression via ATR1/hepcidin and AT1R/ Nrf2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jin Chen
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China; Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226019, China.
| | - Yuan Sheng
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated (Xinqiao) Hospital, The Army (Third Military) Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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7
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Zhao P, Qian C, Chen YJ, Sheng Y, Ke Y, Qian ZM. Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) deficiency suppresses erythropoiesis by disrupting expression of heme biosynthetic enzymes and transporter. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:708. [PMID: 31551410 PMCID: PMC6760157 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The reduced iron usage induced by the suppression of erythropoiesis is a major cause of the systemic iron overload in CBS knockout (CBS−/−) mice. However, the relevant mechanisms are unknown. Here, we examined changes in granulocyte/erythroid cell ratios, iron content, and expression of iron-metabolism proteins, including; two key enzymes involved in the heme biosynthetic pathway, ALAS2 (delta-aminolevulinate synthase 2) and FECH (ferrochelatase), a heme exporter from the cytosol and mitochondria, FLVCR (feline leukemia virus subgroup C cellular receptor) as well as EPO (erythropoietin), EPOR (erythropoietin receptor) and HIF-2α (hypoxia inducible factor-2 subunit α), in the blood, bone marrow or liver of CBS−/− (homozygous), CBS+/− (heterozygous) and CBS+/+ (Wild Type) mice. Our findings demonstrate that CBS deficiency can induce a significant reduction in the expression of ALAS2, FECH, FLVCR, HIF-2α, EPO, and EPOR as well as an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6), hepcidin and iron content in the blood, bone marrow or liver of mice. We conclude that the suppression of erythropoiesis is mainly due to the CBS deficiency-induced disruption in the expression of heme biosynthetic enzymes and heme-transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, FudanUniversity, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Christopher Qian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Yun-Jin Chen
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, FudanUniversity, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuan Sheng
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, FudanUniversity, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, FudanUniversity, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226019, China.
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8
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Qian ZM, Ke Y. Brain iron transport. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1672-1684. [PMID: 31190441 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brain iron is a crucial participant and regulator of normal physiological activity. However, excess iron is involved in the formation of free radicals, and has been associated with oxidative damage to neuronal and other brain cells. Abnormally high brain iron levels have been observed in various neurodegenerative diseases, including neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. However, the key question of why iron levels increase in the relevant regions of the brain remains to be answered. A full understanding of the homeostatic mechanisms involved in brain iron transport and metabolism is therefore critical not only for elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for excess iron accumulation in the brain but also for developing pharmacological interventions to disrupt the chain of pathological events occurring in these neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies have been conducted, but to date no effort to synthesize these studies and ideas into a systematic and coherent summary has been made, especially concerning iron transport across the luminal (apical) membrane of the capillary endothelium and the membranes of different brain cell types. Herein, we review key findings on brain iron transport, highlighting the mechanisms involved in iron transport across the luminal (apical) as well as the abluminal (basal) membrane of the blood-brain barrier, the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and iron uptake and release in neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia within the brain. We offer suggestions for addressing the many important gaps in our understanding of this important topic, and provide new insights into the potential causes of abnormally increased iron levels in regions of the brain in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ming Qian
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.,Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Zhang MW, Zhao P, Yung WH, Sheng Y, Ke Y, Qian ZM. Tissue iron is negatively correlated with TERC or TERT mRNA expression: A heterochronic parabiosis study in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:3834-3850. [PMID: 30555055 PMCID: PMC6326661 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that iron accumulation in tissues with age is a key harmful factor for the development of aging, we established heterochronic parabiosis-pairings and investigated changes in serum iron, the expression of major iron transport proteins and iron contents, as well as telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), telomerase RNA component (TERC), and telomere length in the liver, kidney and heart of Y-O(O) (old pairing with young), Y-O(Y) (young pairing with old), O-O (pairings between two old) and Y-Y (pairings between two young) mice. We demonstrated that the reduced serum iron, increased iron and reduced expression of TERT and TERC in the tissues of aged mice are reversible by exposure to a younger mouse’s circulation. All of these measurements in young mice are reversible by exposure to an older mouse’s circulation. Correlation analysis showed that tissue iron is negatively correlated with TERT and TERC expression in the liver, kidney and heart of parabiotic mice. These findings provide new evidence for the key role of iron in aging and also imply the existence of rejuvenating factors in young serum with an anti-ageing role that act by reversing the impaired activity of iron metabolism in old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Wan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hostital, Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PRC
| | - Peng Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hostital, Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PRC
| | - Wing-Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Yuan Sheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hostital, Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PRC
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hostital, Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PRC.,Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, PRC
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Helgudottir SS, Lichota J, Burkhart A, Moos T. Hepcidin Mediates Transcriptional Changes in Ferroportin mRNA in Differentiated Neuronal-Like PC12 Cells Subjected to Iron Challenge. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2362-2374. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Expression of iron-regulators in the bone tissue of rats with and without iron overload. Biometals 2018; 31:749-757. [PMID: 30027360 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, more and more studies indicate that iron overload would cause osteopenia or osteoporosis. However, the molecular mechanism of it remains unclear. Moreover, very little is known about the iron metabolism in bone tissue at present. Therefore, the mRNA expression of iron-regulators, transferrin receptor1 (Tfr1), divalent metal transporter1 (Dmt1 + IRE and Dmt1 - IRE), ferritin (FtH and FtL), and ferroportin1 (Ireg1), and the localization of ferroportin1 protein were examined in the bone tissue of rats. In addition, the mRNA expression of each gene was compared between groups of rats with and without iron overload. The results showed that ferroportin1 protein was localized in the cytoplasm of osteoblast, osteocyte, chondrocyte and osteoclast of rats' femur. The six iron-regulatory genes, Tfr1, ferritin (FtH and FtL), (Dmt1 + IRE and Dmt1 - IRE) and ferroportin1 (Ireg1), were found in femurs of rats. In addition, significantly up-regulated expression of FtH and FtL mRNA, and markedly down-regulated expression of Tfr1, Dmt1 + IRE and Ireg1 mRNA, were observed in the iron overload group compared with the control group. The result indicates that ferroportin1 protein is localized in the cytoplasm of bone cells of rats. Tfr1, Dmt1, ferritin and ferroportin1 exist in bone tissue of rats, and they may be involved in the pathological process of iron overload-induced bone lesion.
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12
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Huang SN, Ruan HZ, Chen MYJ, Zhou G, Qian ZM. Aspirin increases ferroportin 1 expression by inhibiting hepcidin via the JAK/STAT3 pathway in interleukin 6-treated PC-12 cells. Neurosci Lett 2018; 662:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Gao G, Zhang N, Wang YQ, Wu Q, Yu P, Shi ZH, Duan XL, Zhao BL, Wu WS, Chang YZ. Mitochondrial Ferritin Protects Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Neuronal Cell Damage. Aging Dis 2017; 8:458-470. [PMID: 28840060 PMCID: PMC5524808 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and iron accumulation are tightly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is identified as an iron-storage protein located in the mitochondria, and its role in regulation of iron hemeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases has been reported. However, the role of FtMt in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress and iron accumulation in neuronal cells has not been studied. Here, we overexpressed FtMt in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and induced oxidative stress by treating with extracellular H2O2. We found that overexpression of FtMt significantly prevented cell death induced by H2O2, particularly the apoptosis-dependent cell death. The protective effects involved inhibiting the generation of cellular reactive oxygen species, sustaining mitochondrial membrane potential, maintaining the level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and inhibiting the activation of pro-apoptotic protein caspase 3. We further explored the mechanism of these protective effects and found that FtMt expression markedly altered iron homeostasis of the H2O2 treated cells as compared to that of controls. The FtMt overexpression significantly reduced cellular labile iron pool (LIP) and protected H2O2-induced elevation on LIP. While in H2O2 treated SH-SY5Y cells, the increased iron uptake and reduced iron release, in correlation with levels of DMT1(-IRE) and ferroportin 1, resulted in heavy iron accumulation, the FtMt overexpressing cells didn’t show any significant changes in levels of iron transport proteins and in the level of LIP. These results implicate a neuroprotective role of FtMt on H2O2-induced oxidative stress, which may provide insights into the treatment of iron accumulation associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofen Gao
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Yue-Qi Wang
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Peng Yu
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Shi
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Xiang-Lin Duan
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Bao-Lu Zhao
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Wen-Shuang Wu
- 2The 3rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China
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Yu SS, Jiang LR, Ling Y, Qian ZM, Zhou YF, Li J, Ke Y. Nifedipine Increases Iron Content in WKPT-0293 Cl.2 Cells via Up-Regulating Iron Influx Proteins. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:60. [PMID: 28243203 PMCID: PMC5303744 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nifedipine was reported to enhance urinary iron excretion in iron overloaded mice. However, it remains unknown how nifedipine stimulates urinary iron excretion in the kidney. We speculated that nifedipine might inhibit the TfR1/ DMT1 (transferrin receptor 1/divalent metal transporter1)-mediated iron uptake by proximal tubule cells in addition to blocking L-type Ca2+ channels, leading to an increase in iron in lumen-fluid and then urinary iron excretion. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of nifedipine on iron content and expression of TfR1, DMT1 and ferroportin1 (Fpn1) in WKPT-0293 Cl.2 cells of the S1 segment of the proximal tubule in rats, using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer and Western blot analysis, respectively. We demonstrated for the first time that nifedipine significantly enhanced iron content as well as TfR1 and DMT1 expression and had no effect on Fpn1 levels in the cells. We also found that ferric ammonium citrate decreased TfR1 levels, increased Fpn1 expression and had no effect on DMT1 content, while co-treatment with nifedipine and FAC increase TfR1 and DMT1 expression and also had no effect on Fpn1 levels. These findings suggest that the nifedipine-induced increase in cell iron may mainly be due to the corresponding increase in TfR1 and DMT1 expression and also imply that the effects of nifedipine on iron transport in proximal tubule cells can not explain the increase in urinary iron excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Yu
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy Pudong, China
| | - Li-Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy Pudong, China
| | - Yan Ling
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy Pudong, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy Pudong, China
| | - Yu-Fu Zhou
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy Pudong, China
| | - Juan Li
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy Pudong, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Zhang YT, Li FM, Guo YZ, Jiang LR, Ma J, Ke Y, Qian ZM. (Z)-ligustilide increases ferroportin1 expression and ferritin content in ischemic SH-SY5Y cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 792:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Chen P, Li FM, Zhou YF, Qian C, Li J, Jiang LR, Qian ZM. Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on expression of iron transport and storage proteins in BV-2 microglia cells. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 69:1-5. [PMID: 27755990 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antioxidant properties of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) are associated with its ability to reduce iron in cells and tissues, which is partly due to its inhibiting effect on iron uptake from transferrin and its promoting effect on iron deposition into ferritin. However, the relevant mechanisms are unknown. METHODS We therefore investigated the effects of ALA on the expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) and ferritin in BV-2 microglia cells. RESULTS We demonstrated that ALA significantly inhibited DMT1 expression, lowered ferritin-light-chain (Ft-L) and ferritin-heavy-chain (Ft-H) content, and had no effect on TfR1 and Fpn1 in BV-2 microglia cells. This indicated that the inhibiting effect of ALA on DMT1 might be one of the causes of the ALA-induced reduction in cellular transferrin-bound-iron uptake. We also demonstrated that ALA enhanced DMT1 and TfR1 expression in ferric ammonium citrate (FAC)-treated cells. FAC treatment led to a significant increase in Ft-L, Ft-H and Fpn1, and pre-treatment with ALA resulted in a further increase in the contents of Ft-L and Ft-H but not Fpn1 in cells. CONCLUSIONS ALA could up-regulate TfR1, DMT1 and ferritin expression when iron is increased outside of the cell, promoting iron deposition into ferritin by increasing cell iron uptake, and then reducing free iron both inside and outside of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, 826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei-Mi Li
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, 826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Fu Zhou
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, 826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Christopher Qian
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, 826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Juan Li
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, 826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li-Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, 826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, 826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Du F, Qian ZM, Luo Q, Yung WH, Ke Y. Hepcidin Suppresses Brain Iron Accumulation by Downregulating Iron Transport Proteins in Iron-Overloaded Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:101-14. [PMID: 25115800 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron accumulates progressively in the brain with age, and iron-induced oxidative stress has been considered as one of the initial causes for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Based on the role of hepcidin in peripheral organs and its expression in the brain, we hypothesized that this peptide has a role to reduce iron in the brain and hence has the potential to prevent or delay brain iron accumulation in iron-associated neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we investigated the effects of hepcidin expression adenovirus (ad-hepcidin) and hepcidin peptide on brain iron contents, iron transport across the brain-blood barrier, iron uptake and release, and also the expression of transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) in cultured microvascular endothelial cells and neurons. We demonstrated that hepcidin significantly reduced brain iron in iron-overloaded rats and suppressed transport of transferrin-bound iron (Tf-Fe) from the periphery into the brain. Also, the peptide significantly inhibited expression of TfR1, DMT1, and Fpn1 as well as reduced Tf-Fe and non-transferrin-bound iron uptake and iron release in cultured microvascular endothelial cells and neurons, while downregulation of hepcidin with hepcidin siRNA retrovirus generated opposite results. We concluded that, under iron-overload, hepcidin functions to reduce iron in the brain by downregulating iron transport proteins. Upregulation of brain hepcidin by ad-hepcidin emerges as a new pharmacological treatment and prevention for iron-associated neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Du
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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Lin Q, Feng J, Zhao X, Zhang G, Wang W. Expression and function of ferroportin 1 in O-2A progenitor cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 296:108-16. [PMID: 23117987 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Iron plays a crucial role in the survival, differentiation, and myelin formation of oligodendrocyte lineages. However, the regulation mechanism of iron homeostasis in oligodendrocytes remains unclear. Recently, much research has focused on Ferroportin 1 (FPN1), an iron exporter protein. First, about 95% pure primary rat O-2A progenitor cells were obtained by shaking methods in our laboratory. The expression of FPN1 mRNA and protein in O-2A progenitor cells were determined by reverse transcription-PCR and western blot. In addition, the localization of FPN1 at the cell membrane, in the cytoplasm and in processes was assayed by double-labeling immunofluorescence. A time-dependent increase of iron efflux from O-2A progenitor cells was confirmed by the calcein-indicated iron efflux assay. However, the same cells treated with FPN1 antibody showed no obvious change in iron release. For further confirmation, overexpression of FPN1 in O-2A progenitor cells was transduced with lentivirus. The release of iron in O-2A progenitor cells was dramatically increased by the overexpressed FPN1 when compared with that of the control group. Both ferritin (Ft) and transferrin receptor (TfR) are routinely used as indicators of labile iron pool. Cells pretreated with FPN1 antibody upregulated Ft and downregulated TfR protein level, while the opposite results occurred in the FPN1 overexpressing cells. Determination of Ft and TfR indirectly indicated that FPN1 might contribute to iron release from O-2A progenitor cells. We suggested that expression of FPN1 in O-2A progenitor cells might play a critical role in iron efflux from these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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Li YQ, Bai B, Cao XX, Yan H, Zhuang GH. Ferroportin 1 and hephaestin expression in BeWo cell line with different iron treatment. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 30:249-55. [PMID: 22170436 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The process of placental iron transfer is an important physiological process during pregnancy. However, the molecular mechanism of placental iron transport has not been completely elucidated until now. Ferroportin 1 (FPN1) and hephaestin (Heph) have been identified as the important molecules involved in duodenal iron export. However, whether they participate in the placental iron efflux has been undefined until now. In this study, the BeWo cells were treated with desferrioxamine and Holo-transferrin human in different concentrations and harvested at 48 and 72 h. The mRNA expression of FPN1 and Heph was detected with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the protein expression was detected with western blots. The results showed an up-regulated FPN1 expression with desferrioxamine treatment and down-regulated expression with Holo-transferrin human supplementation. However, the change of FPN1 expression at protein level was limited. Heph expression enhanced when cells were treated with desferrioxamine although the quantity of Heph expression was low. Heph expression showed no significant change with Holo-transferrin human supplementation. It indicates that FPN1 may participate in placental iron transport, and placental FPN1 expression is obviously not dependent on the iron regular element/iron regular protein regulation. An alternatively spliced FPN1 isoform that lacks an iron regular element may be the predominant expression in BeWo cells. It also demonstrates that Heph is active in placenta but may not play a key role in placental iron transport because it is not the main part of placental copper oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qin Li
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Ding H, Yan CZ, Shi H, Zhao YS, Chang SY, Yu P, Wu WS, Zhao CY, Chang YZ, Duan XL. Hepcidin is involved in iron regulation in the ischemic brain. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25324. [PMID: 21957487 PMCID: PMC3177902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in neuronal injuries caused by cerebral ischemia. It is well established that free iron increases significantly during ischemia and is responsible for oxidative damage in the brain. However, the mechanism of this ischemia-induced increase in iron is not completely understood. In this report, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model was performed and the mechanism of iron accumulation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was studied. The expression of L-ferritin was significantly increased in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum on the ischemic side, whereas H-ferritin was reduced in the striatum and increased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The expression level of the iron-export protein ferroportin1 (FPN1) significantly decreased, while the expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) was increased. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of FPN1 regulation, we studied the expression of the key regulator of FPN1, hepcidin. We observed that the hepcidin level was significantly elevated in the ischemic side of the brain. Knockdown hepcidin repressed the increasing of L-ferritin and decreasing of FPN1 invoked by ischemia-reperfusion. The results indicate that hepcidin is an important contributor to iron overload in cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were significantly higher in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum on the ischemic side; therefore, the HIF-1α-mediated TfR1 expression may be another contributor to the iron overload in the ischemia-reperfusion brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cai-Zhen Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Honglian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Ya-Shuo Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shi-Yang Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen-Shuang Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chen-Yang Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- * E-mail: (YZC); (XLD)
| | - Xiang-Lin Duan
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- * E-mail: (YZC); (XLD)
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Carroll CB, Zeissler ML, Chadborn N, Gibson K, Williams G, Zajicek JP, Morrison KE, Hanemann CO. Changes in iron-regulatory gene expression occur in human cell culture models of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:73-80. [PMID: 21672570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal iron accumulation is thought to be relevant to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), although the mechanism remains elusive. We hypothesized that neuronal iron uptake may be stimulated by functional mitochondrial iron deficiency. OBJECTIVE To determine firstly whether the mitochondrial toxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP(+)), results in upregulation of iron-import proteins and transporters of iron into the mitochondria, and secondly whether similar changes in expression are induced by toxins with different mechanisms of action. METHODS We used quantitative PCR and Western blotting to investigate expression of the iron importers, divalent metal transporter, transferrin receptor 1 and 2 (TfR1 and TfR2) and mitoferrin-2 and the iron exporter ferroportin in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells exposed to three different toxins relevant to PD, MPP(+), paraquat (a free radical generator) and lactacystin (an inhibitor of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)). RESULTS MPP(+) resulted in increased mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in cellular iron import and transport into the mitochondria. Similar changes occurred following exposure to paraquat, another inducer of oxidative stress. Lactacystin also resulted in increased TfR1 mRNA levels, although the other changes were not found. CONCLUSION Our results support the hypothesis of a functional mitochondrial iron deficit driving neuronal iron uptake but also suggest that differences exist in neuronal iron handling induced by different toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Carroll
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, Tamar Science Park, Plymouth, Devon, PL6 8BU, UK.
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mRNA expression of proteins involved in iron homeostasis in brain regions is altered by age and by iron overloading in the neonatal period. Neurochem Res 2009; 35:564-71. [PMID: 19943190 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-0100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abnormally high levels of iron are observed in the brain of patients suffering from neurodegenerative disorders. The mechanisms involved in iron accumulation in neurodegenerative disorders remain poorly understood. In the present study we investigated the effects of aging and neonatal iron overload on the mRNA expression of proteins critically involved in controlling iron homeostasis. Wistar rat pups received a single daily dose of vehicle or iron (10 mg/kg of b.w. of Fe(2+)), at postnatal days 12-14. The expression of Transferrin Receptor (TfR), H-Ferritin, and IRP2 were analyzed by a semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay in cortex, hippocampus and striatum of rats sacrificed at three different ages (15-day-old; 90-day-old and 2-year old rats). Results indicate that TfR, H-ferritin, and IRP2 mRNA expression was differentially affected by aging and by neonatal iron treatment in all three brain regions. These findings might have implications for the understanding of iron homeostasis misregulation associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Wang SM, Fu LJ, Duan XL, Crooks DR, Yu P, Qian ZM, Di XJ, Li J, Rouault TA, Chang YZ. Role of hepcidin in murine brain iron metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 67:123-33. [PMID: 19898775 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain iron homeostasis is maintained by a balance of both iron uptake and release, and accumulating evidence has revealed that brain iron concentrations increase with aging. Hepcidin, an iron regulatory hormone produced by hepatocytes in response to inflammatory stimuli, iron, and hypoxia, has been shown to be the long-sought hormone responsible for the regulation of body iron balance and recycling in mammals. In this study, we report that hepcidin is widely expressed in the murine brain. In cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum, hepcidin mRNA levels increased with aging. Injection of hepcidin into the lateral cerebral ventricle resulted in decreased Fpn1 protein levels in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Additionally, treatment of primary cultured neurons with hepcidin caused decreased neuronal iron release and Fpn1 protein levels. Together, our data provide further evidence that hepcidin may be involved in the regulation of brain iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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Change in iron transporter expression in human term placenta with different maternal iron status. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2008; 140:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Revised: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Kong WN, Zhao SE, Duan XL, Yang Z, Qian ZM, Chang YZ. Decreased DMT1 and increased ferroportin 1 expression is the mechanisms of reduced iron retention in macrophages by erythropoietin in rats. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:629-41. [PMID: 18189270 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recycled iron from reticuloendothelial macrophages to erythroid precursors is important to maintain the iron homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying iron homeostasis in macrophages are poorly understood. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo, 500 IU/day, s.c.) for 3 days. At the fifth day, peritoneal exudate macrophages were harvested, and then (55)Fe uptake and release were measured by liquid scintillation counting method. The expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and ferroportin 1 (FPN1) in peritoneal exudate macrophages was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. In order to exclude the direct effect of rHuEpo on macrophages, the parallel experiments were performed with incubation normal peritoneal exudate macrophages with rHuEpo (2 IU/ml). Our results showed rHuEpo injection reduced the peritoneal exudate macrophages iron retention. The uptake of Fe(II) was decreased via the suppression of DMT1 (+IRE) expression and the release of Fe(II) was increased with increasing the expression of FPN1 in macrophages. Moreover, the expression of HAMP mRNA was four times lower in rHuEpo-treated liver of rats than control group (CG). HAMP mRNA expression was increased; the synthesis of DMT1 had no significant change, whereas the FPN1 was decreased in normal peritoneal exudate macrophages after treatment with rHuEpo in vitro. We conclude that hepcidin may play a major, causative role in the change of FPN1 synthesis and that decreased the iron retention in macrophages of rHuEpo-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Na Kong
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei Province, PR China
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Abstract
The liver plays a central role in iron metabolism. It is the major storage site for iron and also expresses a complex range of molecules which are involved in iron transport and regulation of iron homeostasis. An increasing number of genes associated with hepatic iron transport or regulation have been identified. These include transferrin receptors (TFR1 and 2), a ferrireductase (STEAP3), the transporters divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) and ferroportin (FPN) as well as the haemochromatosis protein, HFE and haemojuvelin (HJV), which are signalling molecules. Many of these genes also participate in iron regulatory pathways which focus on the hepatic peptide hepcidin. However, we are still only beginning to understand the complex interactions between liver iron transport and iron homeostasis. This review outlines our current knowledge of molecules of iron metabolism and their roles in iron transport and regulation of iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross-M Graham
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, PO Box 480, Fremantle 6959, Western Australia, Australia
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Cooper CA, Handy RD, Bury NR. The effects of dietary iron concentration on gastrointestinal and branchial assimilation of both iron and cadmium in zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2006; 79:167-75. [PMID: 16844240 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were fed either a diet containing 33mgFekg(-1) (low) or 95mgFekg(-1) (normal) for 10 weeks, after which short-term Cd and Fe uptake by the gastrointestinal tract and gill was assessed. Carcass metal content and transcript levels of the iron importer, Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1) and an iron exporter, ferroportin1, in both the gastrointestinal tract and gill were also measured. Fish fed the low Fe diet accumulated 13 times more Cd into their livers via the gastrointestinal tract than those fed the normal Fe diet. However, no significant increase in liver Fe accumulation was measured. Concomitantly, when exposed to 48nmolCdL(-1) fish fed the low Fe diet exhibited a approximately 4-fold increase in Cd accumulation on the gill and in the liver, compared to those fed a normal diet. In addition, fish fed the low Fe diet also significantly accumulated more Fe on the gill (nine-fold increase) and into the carcass (four-fold increase) when exposed to 96nmolFeL(-1), compared to fish fed a normal diet. Surprisingly, carcass Fe, Ca and Mg concentrations were increased in fish fed the low Fe diet, which suggests that Fe body levels may not be a good indicator of whether a fish is more or less susceptible to increased non-essential metal accumulation via an Fe uptake pathway. However, significantly elevated transcript levels of DMT1 and ferroportin1 (2.7- and 3.8-fold induction, respectively) were seen in the gastrointestinal tract, and DMT1 in the gills (1.8-fold induction) of zebrafish fed a low Fe diet. The correlation between Cd uptake and DMT1 expression suggests that one route of uptake of Cd, either from the diet or from the water, could be via DMT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Cooper
- Division of Health and Life Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NN, UK.
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