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Arunagiri P, Balamurugan E. Omega-3 fatty acids combined with aripiprazole and lithium modulates activity of mitochondrial enzymes and acetylcholinesterase in methylphenidate-induced animal model of mania. PHARMANUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Neuroprotective effects of chronic exposure of SH-SY5Y to low lithium concentration involve glycolysis stimulation, extracellular pyruvate accumulation and resistance to oxidative stress. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:365-76. [PMID: 22436355 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that lithium protects neurons from death induced by a wide array of neurotoxic insults, stimulates neurogenesis and could be used to prevent age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, SH-SY5Y human neuronal cells were cultured in the absence (Con) or in the presence (Li+) of a low lithium concentration (0.5 mm Li2CO3, i.e. 1 mm lithium ion) for 25-50 wk. In the course of treatment, growth rate of Con and Li+ cells was regularly analysed using Alamar Blue dye. Resistance to oxidative stress was investigated by evaluating: (1) the adverse effects of high concentrations of lithium (4-8 mm) or glutamate (20-90 mm) on cell growth rate; (2) the levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and total glutathione; (3) the expression levels of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. In addition, glucose metabolism was investigated by analysing selected metabolites in culture media and cell extracts by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. As compared to Con, Li+ cells multiplied faster and were more resistant to stress, as evidenced by a lower dose-dependent decrease of Alamar Blue reduction and dose-dependent increase of TBARS levels induced by toxic doses of lithium and glutamate. Total glutathione content and Bcl-2 level were increased in Li+ cells. Glucose consumption and glycolytic activity were enhanced in Li+ cells and an important release of pyruvate was observed. We conclude that chronic exposure to lithium induces adaptive changes in metabolism of SH-SY5Y cells involving a higher cell growth rate and a better resistance to oxidative stress.
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Feier G, Valvassori SS, Varela RB, Resende WR, Bavaresco DV, Morais MO, Scaini G, Andersen ML, Streck EL, Quevedo J. Lithium and valproate modulate energy metabolism in an animal model of mania induced by methamphetamine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 103:589-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Santiago AR, Garrido MJ, Cristóvão AJ, Duarte JMN, Carvalho RA, Ambrósio AF. Evaluation of the Impact of Diabetes on Retinal Metabolites by NMR Spectroscopy. Curr Eye Res 2010; 35:992-1001. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2010.500113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Santiago
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. J. Garrido
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. J. Cristóvão
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Zoology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. M. N. Duarte
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R. A. Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. F. Ambrósio
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Fonseca CP, Sierra A, Geraldes CFGC, Cerdán S, Castro MMCA. Mechanisms underlying Li+effects in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmissions in the adult rat brain and in primary cultures of neural cells as revealed by13C NMR. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:1046-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jones JG, Garcia P, Barosa C, Delgado TC, Diogo L. Hepatic anaplerotic outflow fluxes are redirected from gluconeogenesis to lactate synthesis in patients with Type 1a glycogen storage disease. Metab Eng 2009; 11:155-62. [PMID: 19558966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic glucose production and relative Krebs cycle fluxes (indexed to a citrate synthase flux of 1.0) were evaluated with [U-(13)C]glycerol tracer in 5 fed healthy controls and 5 Type 1a glycogen storage disease (GSD1a) patients. Plasma glucose, hepatic glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and glutamine (13)C-isotopomers were analyzed by (13)C NMR via blood sampling and chemical biopsy. In healthy subjects, 35+/-14% of plasma glucose originated from hepatic G6P while GSD1a patients had no detectable G6P contribution. Compared to controls, GSD1a patients had an increased fraction of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate (0.5+/-0.2 vs. 0.3+/-0.1, p<0.01), and increased pyruvate recycling fluxes (14.4+/-3.8 vs. 8.7+/-2.8, p<0.05). Despite negligible gluconeogenic flux, net anaplerotic outflow was not significantly different from controls (2.2+/-0.8 vs. 1.3+/-0.5). The enrichment of lactate with (13)C-isotopomers derived from the Krebs cycle suggests that lactate was the main anaplerotic product in GSD1a patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Jones
- NMR Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Hernlund E, Ihrlund LS, Khan O, Ates YO, Linder S, Panaretakis T, Shoshan MC. Potentiation of chemotherapeutic drugs by energy metabolism inhibitors 2-deoxyglucose and etomoxir. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:476-483. [PMID: 18452174 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of energy production as a strategy for potentiation of anticancer chemotherapy was investigated using 1 glycolysis inhibitor and 1 fatty acid beta-oxidation inhibitor-2-deoxyglucose and etomoxir, respectively, both known to be clinically well tolerated. Eighteen anticancer drugs were screened for potentiation by these inhibitors. 2-deoxyglucose potentiated acute apoptosis (24 hr) induced mainly by some, but not all, genotoxic drugs, whereas etomoxir had effect only on cisplatin. By contrast, etomoxir did potentiate the overall, 48 hr effects of some genotoxic drugs, and was in addition more efficient than deoxyglucose in potentiating the overall effects of several non-genotoxic drugs. Both types of potentiation were largely lost in the absence of p53. Because cisplatin was potentiated by both energy inhibitors in both types of assay, it was investigated at additional concentrations and over longer time. Both energy inhibitors strongly potentiated non-apoptotic concentrations of cisplatin in p53-wildtype as well as in p53-deficient, cisplatin-resistant HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells. Reduced ATP levels correlated with, but were not sole determinants, the antiproliferative effects. We conclude that the long-term effects of cisplatin potentiation are important and either p53-independent or improved by a lack of p53. We also conclude that although the potentiated drugs as yet have no obvious mechanistic factor in common, the strategy holds promise with genotoxic as well non-genotoxic anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hernlund
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Omar Khan
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yildiz Ozlem Ates
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria C Shoshan
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Struewing IT, Barnett CD, Tang T, Mao CD. Lithium increases PGC-1alpha expression and mitochondrial biogenesis in primary bovine aortic endothelial cells. FEBS J 2007; 274:2749-65. [PMID: 17451429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05809.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lithium is a therapeutic agent commonly used to treat bipolar disorder and its beneficial effects are thought to be due to a combination of activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway via inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and depletion of the inositol pool via inhibition of the inositol monophosphatase-1. We demonstrated that lithium in primary endothelial cells induced an increase in mitochondrial mass leading to an increase in ATP production without any significant change in mitochondrial efficiency. This increase in mitochondrial mass was associated with an increase in the mRNA levels of mitochondrial biogenesis transcription factors: nuclear respiratory factor-1 and -2beta, as well as mitochondrial transcription factors A and B2, which lead to the coordinated upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation components encoded by either the nuclear or mitochondrial genome. These effects of lithium on mitochondrial biogenesis were independent of the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and independent of inositol depletion. Also, expression of the coactivator PGC-1alpha was increased, whereas expression of the coactivator PRC was not affected. Lithium treatment rapidly induced a decrease in activating Akt-Ser473 phosphorylation and inhibitory Forkhead box class O (FOXO1)-Thr24 phosphorylation, as well as an increase in activating c-AMP responsive element binding (CREB)-Ser133 phosphorylation, two mechanisms known to control PGC-1alpha expression. Together, our results show that lithium induces mitochondrial biogenesis via CREB/PGC-1alpha and FOXO1/PGC-1alpha cascades, which highlight the pleiotropic effects of lithium and reveal also novel beneficial effects via preservation of mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Struewing
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Duarte JMN, Cunha RA, Carvalho RA. Different metabolism of glutamatergic and GABAergic compartments in superfused hippocampal slices characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neuroscience 2007; 144:1305-13. [PMID: 17197104 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated intermediary metabolism using (13)C-glucose and (13)C-acetate tracers followed by (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) isotopomer analysis in rat hippocampal slice preparations, the most widely used preparation for electrophysiological studies. Slices displayed a stable metabolic activity over a wide range of superfusion periods in the absence or presence of 50 muM 4-aminopyridine (4AP), which triggers an intermittent burst-like neuronal firing. This caused an increase of tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-related amino acids (glutamate, aspartate and GABA) and shortened the time required to reach metabolic and isotopic steady state (3 h in the presence of 4AP and 7 h in its absence). (13)C-NMR isotopomer analysis revealed an increase in TCA flux in astrocytes and in GABA compartments greater than in putative glutamatergic neurons and the fitting of these data further indicated that the metabolic network in GABAergic and glutamatergic compartments has a different design and reacts differently to the stimulation by the presence of 4AP. These results show that (13)C-isotopomer analysis allows estimating metabolic parameters/fluxes under both steady- and non-steady-state metabolic conditions in hippocampal slices, opening the possibility of combining electrophysiological and metabolic studies in the same preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M N Duarte
- Centre for Neurosciences of Coimbra, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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