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Baralle M, Romano M. Age-Related Alternative Splicing: Driver or Passenger in the Aging Process? Cells 2023; 12:2819. [PMID: 38132139 PMCID: PMC10742131 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing changes are closely linked to aging, though it remains unclear if they are drivers or effects. As organisms age, splicing patterns change, varying gene isoform levels and functions. These changes may contribute to aging alterations rather than just reflect declining RNA quality control. Three main splicing types-intron retention, cassette exons, and cryptic exons-play key roles in age-related complexity. These events modify protein domains and increase nonsense-mediated decay, shifting protein isoform levels and functions. This may potentially drive aging or serve as a biomarker. Fluctuations in splicing factor expression also occur with aging. Somatic mutations in splicing genes can also promote aging and age-related disease. The interplay between splicing and aging has major implications for aging biology, though differentiating correlation and causation remains challenging. Declaring a splicing factor or event as a driver requires comprehensive evaluation of the associated molecular and physiological changes. A greater understanding of how RNA splicing machinery and downstream targets are impacted by aging is essential to conclusively establish the role of splicing in driving aging, representing a promising area with key implications for understanding aging, developing novel therapeutical options, and ultimately leading to an increase in the healthy human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Baralle
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 28, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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2
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Tezze C, Sandri M, Tessari P. Anabolic Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia in the Elderly: Role of Nutrition and Exercise in Young and Old People. Nutrients 2023; 15:4073. [PMID: 37764858 PMCID: PMC10535169 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of sarcopenia in the elderly is associated with many potential factors and/or processes that impair the renovation and maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and strength as ageing progresses. Among them, a defect by skeletal muscle to respond to anabolic stimuli is to be considered. Common anabolic stimuli/signals in skeletal muscle are hormones (insulin, growth hormones, IGF-1, androgens, and β-agonists such epinephrine), substrates (amino acids such as protein precursors on top, but also glucose and fat, as source of energy), metabolites (such as β-agonists and HMB), various biochemical/intracellular mediators), physical exercise, neurogenic and immune-modulating factors, etc. Each of them may exhibit a reduced effect upon skeletal muscle in ageing. In this article, we overview the role of anabolic signals on muscle metabolism, as well as currently available evidence of resistance, at the skeletal muscle level, to anabolic factors, from both in vitro and in vivo studies. Some indications on how to augment the effects of anabolic signals on skeletal muscle are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tezze
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Paolo Tessari
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Li K, Liu Y, He X, Tao L, Jiang Y, Lan R, Hong Q, Chu M. A Novel SNP in the Promoter Region of IGF1 Associated With Yunshang Black Goat Kidding Number via Promoting Transcription Activity by SP1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:873095. [PMID: 35646903 PMCID: PMC9133608 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.873095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
IGF1, a member of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) superfamily, is also known as the growth-promoting factor (somatomedin C). IGF1 is involved in vertebrate growth and development, immunity, cell metabolism, reproduction, and breeding. However, there are relatively few studies on the relationship between IGF1 and goat reproduction. In this study, a new transcription factor SP1 bound to the IGF1 g. 64943050T>C promoted granulosa cell (GC) proliferation. A mutation g.64943050T>C located in the promoter region of IGF1 was identified. Association analysis revealed that the kidding number in the first and second litters and the average number of first three litters of the CC genotype (2.206 ± 0.044, 2.254 ± 0.056, and 2.251 ± 0.031) were significantly higher than those in the TC genotype (1.832 ± 0.049, 1.982 ± 0.06, and 1.921 ± 0.034) and TT genotype (1.860 ± 0.090, 1.968 ± 0.117, and 1.924 ± 0.062) (p < 0.05). The kidding number in the third litter of the CC genotype (2.355 ± 0.057) was significantly higher than that in the TT genotype (2.000 ± 0.107) (p < 0.05). Then, the function of this mutation was validated by the dual-luciferase reporter assay and EMSA. The results showed that the luciferase activity of IGF1-mutant-C was significantly higher than that of IGF1-Wild-T (p < 0.05). The EMSA also showed that the binding ability of IGF1-mutant-C was higher than that of IGF1-Wild-T (p < 0.05). Subsequently, the transcription factor SP1 was predicted to bind to the mutation of IGF1 (g.64943050T>C). Overexpression of SP1 promotes the expression of IGF1 in the primary granulosa cells (GCs). The results of the CCK-8 assay and the expression of GC proliferation factors (CDK4, cyclin D1, and cyclin D2) demonstrated that SP1 promoted GC proliferation by regulating IGF1 expression. Our results suggested that the IGF1 g.64943050T>C was significantly associated with the kidding number of Yunshang black goats, and SP1 as a transcription factor of IGF1 binding to the mutation T>C regulated the expression of IGF1. Furthermore, SP1 promoted goat GC proliferation by regulating the expression of IGF1, which provides a new insight for the goat fertility trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Jiang
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Lan
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Qionghua Hong
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Qionghua Hong, ; Mingxing Chu,
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qionghua Hong, ; Mingxing Chu,
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4
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Song XT, Zhang JN, Zhao DW, Zhai YF, Lu Q, Qi MY, Lu MH, Deng SL, Han HB, Yang XQ, Yao YC. Molecular cloning, expression, and functional features of IGF1 splice variants in sheep. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:980-994. [PMID: 34319906 PMCID: PMC8428077 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), also known as somatomedin C, is essential for the regulation of animal growth and development. In many species, the IGF1 gene can be alternatively spliced into multiple transcripts, encoding different pre-pro-IGF1 proteins. However, the exact alternative splicing patterns of IGF1 and the sequence information of different splice variants in sheep are still unclear. In this study, four splice variants (class 1-Ea, class 1-Eb, class 2-Ea, and class 2-Eb) were obtained, but no IGF1 Ec, similar to that found in other species, was discovered. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the four splice variants shared the same mature peptide (70 amino acids) and possessed distinct signal peptides and E peptides. Tissue expression analysis indicated that the four splice variants were broadly expressed in all tested tissues and were most abundantly expressed in the liver. In most tissues and stages, the expression of class 1-Ea was highest, and the expression of other splice variants was low. Overall, levels of the four IGF1 splice variants at the fetal and lamb stages were higher than those at the adult stage. Overexpression of the four splice variants significantly increased fibroblast proliferation and inhibited apoptosis (P < 0.05). In contrast, silencing IGF1 Ea or IGF1 Eb with siRNA significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis (P < 0.05). Among the four splice variants, class 1-Ea had a more evident effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In summary, the four ovine IGF1 splice variants have different structures and expression patterns and might have different biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ting Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Duo-Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Fei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mei-Yu Qi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ming-Hai Lu
- Department of Animal Science, Heilongjiang State Farms Science Technology Vocational College, Harbin, China
| | - Shou-Long Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Bing Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to Y-C Yao or X-Q Yang: or
| | - Yu-Chang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to Y-C Yao or X-Q Yang: or
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Lin CY, Chakraborty S, Wong CW, Tai DF. Controversy of Peptide Cyclization from Tripeptide. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020389. [PMID: 33451079 PMCID: PMC7828492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation reports an attempt to synthesize naturally occurring α-cyclic tripeptide cyclo(Gly-l-Pro-l-Glu) 1, [cyclo(GPE)], previously isolated from the Ruegeria strain of bacteria with marine sponge Suberites domuncula. Three linear precursors, Boc-GPE(OBn)2, Boc-PE(OBn)G and Boc-E(OBn)GP, were synthesized using a solution phase peptide coupling protocol. Although cyclo(GPE) 1 was our original target, all precursors were dimerized and cyclized at 0 °C with high dilution to form corresponding α-cyclic hexapeptide, cyclo(GPE(OBn))27, which was then converted to cyclic hexapeptide cyclo(GPE)22. Cyclization at higher temperature induced racemization and gave cyclic tripeptide cyclo(GPDE(OBn)) 9. Structure characteristics of the newly synthesized cyclopeptides were determined using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The chemical shift values of carbonyls of 2 and 7 are larger than 170 ppm, indicating the formation of a cyclic hexapeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yin Lin
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (D.-F.T.); Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext.3865) (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Subrata Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974003, Taiwan; (S.C.); (C.-W.W.)
| | - Chia-Wei Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974003, Taiwan; (S.C.); (C.-W.W.)
| | - Dar-Fu Tai
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974003, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (D.-F.T.); Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext.3865) (C.-Y.L.)
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Role of Alternatively Spliced Messenger RNA (mRNA) Isoforms of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) in Selected Human Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196995. [PMID: 32977489 PMCID: PMC7582825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a key regulator of tissue growth and development that is also implicated in the initiation and progression of various cancers. The human IGF1 gene contains six exons and five long introns, the transcription of which is controlled by two promoters (P1 and P2). Alternate promoter usage, as well as alternative splicing (AS) of IGF1, results in the expression of six various variants (isoforms) of mRNA, i.e., IA, IB, IC, IIA, IIB, and IIC. A mature 70-kDa IGF1 protein is coded only by exons 3 and 4, while exons 5 and 6 are alternatively spliced code for the three C-terminal E peptides: Ea (exon 6), Eb (exon 5), and Ec (fragments of exons 5 and 6). The most abundant of those transcripts is IGF1Ea, followed by IGF1Eb and IGF1Ec (also known as mechano-growth factor, MGF). The presence of different IGF1 transcripts suggests tissue-specific auto- and/or paracrine action, as well as separate regulation of both of these gene promoters. In physiology, the role of different IGF1 mRNA isoforms and pro-peptides is best recognized in skeletal muscle tissue. Their functions include the development and regeneration of muscles, as well as maintenance of proper muscle mass. In turn, in nervous tissue, a neuroprotective function of short peptides, produced as a result of IGF1 expression and characterized by significant blood-brain barrier penetrance, has been described and could be a potential therapeutic target. When it comes to the regulation of carcinogenesis, the potential biological role of different var iants of IGF1 mRNAs and pro-peptides is also intensively studied. This review highlights the role of IGF1 isoform expression (mRNAs, proteins) in physiology and different types of human tumors (e.g., breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma, prostate and thyroid cancers), as well as mechanisms of IGF1 spliced variants involvement in tumor biology.
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7
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Podratz JL, Tang JJ, Polzin MJ, Schmeichel AM, Nesbitt JJ, Windebank AJ, Madigan NN. Mechano growth factor interacts with nucleolin to protect against cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. Exp Neurol 2020; 331:113376. [PMID: 32511954 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mechano growth factor (MGF) is an alternatively spliced form of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) that has shown to be neuroprotective against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity and ischemic injury in the brain. MGF also induces neural stem cell proliferation in the hippocampus and preserves olfactory function in aging mice. Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug that induces peripheral neuropathy in 30-40% of treated patients. Our studies were designed to see if MGF would protect dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons from cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity and to identify potential mechanisms that may be involved. Expression of endogenous MGF in adult DRG neurons in vivo ameliorated cisplatin-induced thermal hyperalgesia. Exogenous MGF and MGF with a cysteine added to the N-terminus (CMGF) also protected embryonic DRG neurons from cisplatin-induced cell death in vitro. Mass spectroscopy analysis of proteins bound to MGF showed that nucleolin is a key-binding partner. Antibodies against nucleolin prevented the neuroprotective effect of MGF and CMGF in culture. Both nucleolin and MGF are located in the nucleolus of DRG neurons. RNAseq of RNA associated with MGF indicated that MGF may be involved in RNA processing, protein targeting and transcription/translation. Nucleolin is an RNA binding protein that is readily shuttled between the nucleus, cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Nucleolin and MGF may work together to prevent cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. Exploring the known mechanisms of nucleolin may help us better understand the mechanisms of cisplatin toxicity and how MGF protects DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Podratz
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - J J Tang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - M J Polzin
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - A M Schmeichel
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - J J Nesbitt
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - A J Windebank
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - N N Madigan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
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Silva-Reis SC, V. D. dos Santos AC, García-Mera X, Rodríguez-Borges JE, Sampaio-Dias IE. Bioinspired design for the assembly of Glypromate® neuropeptide conjugates with active pharmaceutical ingredients. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04851h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A robust and bioinspired methodology for the efficient conjugation of Glypromate® with active pharmaceutical ingredients for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Silva-Reis
- LAQV/REQUIMTE
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
| | | | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Santiago de Compostela
- E-15782 Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - José E. Rodríguez-Borges
- LAQV/REQUIMTE
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
| | - Ivo E. Sampaio-Dias
- LAQV/REQUIMTE
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
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Wang Y, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Ni N, Tang Z, Bai Z, Shen B, Sun H, Gu P. Insulin-like growth factor-1 regulation of retinal progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:515-526. [PMID: 29417866 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1431594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to improve retinal progenitor cell (RPC) capacity to yield proliferative and multipotent pools of cells that can efficiently differentiate into retinal neurons, including photoreceptors, could be vital for cell therapy in retinal degenerative diseases. In this study, we found that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a role in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of RPCs. Our results show that IGF-1 promotes RPC proliferation via IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1Rs), stimulating increased phosphorylation in the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk pathways. An inhibitor experiment revealed that IGF-1-induced RPC proliferation was inhibited when the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk pathways were blocked. Furthermore, under the condition of differentiation, IGF-1-pretreated RPCs prefer to differentiate into retinal neurons, including photoreceptors, in vitro, which is crucial for visual formation and visual restoration. These results demonstrate that IGF-1 accelerates the proliferation of RPCs and IGF-1 pretreated RPCs may have shown an increased potential for retinal neuron differentiation, providing a novel strategy for regulating the proliferation and differentiation of retinal progenitors in vitro and shedding light upon the application of RPCs in retinal cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Wang
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , 200011 , P.R. China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai , 200011 , P.R. China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , 200011 , P.R. China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai , 200011 , P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , 200011 , P.R. China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai , 200011 , P.R. China
| | - Ni Ni
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , 200011 , P.R. China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai , 200011 , P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Tang
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , 200011 , P.R. China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai , 200011 , P.R. China
| | - Zhisha Bai
- c Ningbo Eye Hospital , Ningbo , 315040 , Zhejiang Province , P.R. China
| | - Bingqiao Shen
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , 200011 , P.R. China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai , 200011 , P.R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , 200011 , P.R. China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai , 200011 , P.R. China
| | - Ping Gu
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , 200011 , P.R. China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology , Shanghai , 200011 , P.R. China
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Rauskolb S, Dombert B, Sendtner M. Insulin-like growth factor 1 in diabetic neuropathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 97:103-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Mechano growth factor-E regulates apoptosis and inflammatory responses in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of knee osteoarthritis. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2015; 39:2503-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-015-2974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Generation and evaluation of antibodies against human MGF E-peptide by reverse phase protein microarray and reverse competitive ELISA. Bioanalysis 2014; 5:2269-75. [PMID: 24053242 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2005, as one of prohibited substances on the Prohibited List of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), the occurence of mechano growth factor (MGF) abuse in sport has likely increased. However, there is still no WADA-validated and -approved method for its detection. RESULTS Four polyclonal antibodies (Ab-K01, Ab-B01, Ab-B02 and Ab-K02) against MGF C-terminal peptides were generated, purified and evaluated by western blot, ELISA and reverse-phase protein microarray, respectively. It was found that all the antibodies could identify their corresponding antigen in mouse serum by reverse-phase protein microarray, in particular, Ab-K01 showed the highest affinity among them and might be a potential tool for the detection of antibody affinity. Furthermore, Ab-B01 and Ab-K01 were successfully used for the determination of MGF-40 by reverse competitive ELISA. CONCLUSION The quantitative measurement of MGF-40 has laid the foundation for doping detection of MGF and further biological research on MGF.
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Pretreatment with mechano-growth factor E peptide protects bone marrow mesenchymal cells against damage by fluid shear stress. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:2559-69. [PMID: 25129046 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Improper fluid shear stress (FSS) can cause serious damages to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Mechano-growth factor (MGF) E peptide pretreatment was proposed to protect MSCs against FSS damage in this study. MSCs were exposed to FSS for 30 min after they were pretreated with MGF E peptide for 24 h. Then, the effects of MGF E peptide on the viability, proliferation and cell apoptosis of MSCs were investigated. MGF E peptide pretreatment could recover the cellular metabolic activity of MSCs reduced by 72 dyne cm(-2) FSS and had a synergistic effect with FSS on the cellular metabolic viability of MSCs under 24 and 72 dyne cm(-2) FSS. These results suggested that MGF E peptide pretreatment could be an effective method for the protection of FSS damage in bone tissue engineering.
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Laeger T, Wirthgen E, Piechotta M, Metzger F, Metges CC, Kuhla B, Hoeflich A. Effects of parturition and feed restriction on concentrations and distribution of the insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2876-85. [PMID: 24612811 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hormones and metabolites act as satiety signals in the brain and play an important role in the control of feed intake (FI). These signals can reach the hypothalamus and brainstem, 2 major centers of FI regulation, via the blood stream or the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). During the early lactation period of high-yielding dairy cows, the increase of FI is often insufficient. Recently, it has been demonstrated that insulin-like growth factors (IGF) may control FI. Thus, we asked in the present study if IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) are regulated during the periparturient period and in response to feed restriction and therefore might affect FI as well. In addition, we specifically addressed conditional distribution of IGFBP in plasma and CSF. In one experiment, 10 multiparous German Holstein dairy cows were fed ad libitum and samples of CSF and plasma were obtained before morning feeding on d -20, -10, +1, +10, +20, and +40 relative to calving. In a second experiment, 7 cows in second mid-lactation were sampled for CSF and plasma after ad libitum feeding and again after feeding 50% of the previous ad libitum intake for 4 d. Intact IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-4 were detected in plasma by quantitative Western ligand blot analysis. In CSF, we were able to predominantly identify intact IGFBP-2 and a specific IGFBP-2 fragment containing detectable binding affinities for biotinylated IGF-II. Whereas plasma concentrations of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4 increased during the periparturient period, IGFBP-3 was unaffected over time. In CSF, concentrations of IGFBP-2, both intact and fragmented, were not affected during the periparturient period. Plasma IGF-I continuously decreased until calving but remained at a lower concentration in early lactation than in late pregnancy. Food restriction did not affect concentrations of IGF components present in plasma or CSF. We could show that the IGFBP profiles in plasma and CSF are clearly distinct and that changes in IGFBP in plasma do not simply correspond in the brain. We thus assume independent control of IGFBP distribution between plasma and CSF. Due to the known anorexic effect of IGF-I, elevated plasma concentrations of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4 during the postpartum period in conjunction with reduced plasma IGF-I concentrations may be interpreted as an endocrine response against negative energy balance in early lactation in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Laeger
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - E Wirthgen
- Ligandis GbR, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - M Piechotta
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Metzger
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Neuroscience DTA, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - C C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - B Kuhla
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - A Hoeflich
- Ligandis GbR, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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15
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Oberbauer A, Belanger J, Rincon G, Cánovas A, Islas-Trejo A, Gularte-Mérida R, Thomas M, Medrano J. Bovine and murine tissue expression of insulin like growth factor-I. Gene 2014; 535:101-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Quigley AF, Bulluss KJ, Kyratzis ILB, Gilmore K, Mysore T, Schirmer KSU, Kennedy EL, O'Shea M, Truong YB, Edwards SL, Peeters G, Herwig P, Razal JM, Campbell TE, Lowes KN, Higgins MJ, Moulton SE, Murphy MA, Cook MJ, Clark GM, Wallace GG, Kapsa RMI. Engineering a multimodal nerve conduit for repair of injured peripheral nerve. J Neural Eng 2013; 10:016008. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/10/1/016008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Zabłocka B, Goldspink PH, Goldspink G, Górecki DC. Mechano-Growth Factor: an important cog or a loose screw in the repair machinery? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:131. [PMID: 23125840 PMCID: PMC3485521 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zabłocka
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PASWarsaw, Poland
| | - Paul H. Goldspink
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of WisconsinWI, USA
| | - Geoffrey Goldspink
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Surgery and Interventional Medicine, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Dariusz C. Górecki
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of PortsmouthPortsmouth, UK
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18
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Kasprzak A, Adamek A. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling axis and hepatitis C virus-associated carcinogenesis (review). Int J Oncol 2012; 41:1919-31. [PMID: 23076735 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling plays an important autocrine, paracrine and endocrine role in growth promotion involving various tissues and organs. Synthesis of both IGFs (IGF-1 and IGF-2) in normal conditions takes place mainly in the liver even if the proteins can be produced in every cell of the human body. The alterations in the IGF signaling axis in human hepatocarcinogenesis are described, but mechanisms of the interactions between expression of oncogenic hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins and components of the IGF system in progression of chronic hepatitis C to primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been poorly recognised. In advanced stages of liver diseases, lowered serum levels of IGF-1 and IGF-2 have been documented. This was supposed to reflect significant damage to liver parenchyma, a decreased number of growth hormone receptors and a decreased genomic expression of IGF binding proteins (IGF BPs). In HCC, a decreased tissue expression of IGF-1, and an increased expression of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) were noted, compared to the control. Potential mechanisms of augmented IGF-2 expression in HCC were also described and dysregulation of IGF signaling in HCC was concluded to occur predominantly at the level of IGF-2 bioavailability. The review aimed at presentation of involvement of IGF-1, IGF-1R and IGF BPs (mostly IGF BP-3 and IGF BP-6) in HCV-related hepatocarcinogenesis. Manifestation of various mRNA transcripts and IGF-1 proteins and their potential involvement in carcinogenesis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Kasprzak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
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19
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Schober ME, Ke X, Xing B, Block BP, Requena DF, McKnight R, Lane RH. Traumatic brain injury increased IGF-1B mRNA and altered IGF-1 exon 5 and promoter region epigenetic characteristics in the rat pup hippocampus. J Neurotrauma 2012; 29:2075-85. [PMID: 22413999 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.2276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of acquired cognitive disability in childhood. Such disability may be blunted by enhancing the brain's endogenous neuroprotective response. An important endogenous neuroprotective response is the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA variant, IGF-1B. IGF-1B mRNA, characterized by exon 5 inclusion, encodes the IGF-1 and Eb peptides. IGF-1A mRNA excludes exon 5 and encodes the IGF-1 and Ea peptides. A region in the human IGF-1B homologue acts as an exon-splicing enhancer (ESE) to increase IGF-1B mRNA. It is not known if TBI is associated with increased brain IGF-1B mRNA. Epigenetic modifications may underlie altered gene expression in the brain after TBI. We hypothesized that TBI would increase hippocampal IGF-1B mRNA in 17-day-old rats, associated with DNA methylation and/or histone modifications at the promoter site 1 (P1) or exon 5/ESE region. Hippocampi from rat pups after controlled cortical impact (CCI) were used to measure IGF-1B mRNA, DNA methylation, and histone modifications at the P1, P2, and exon5/ESE regions. In CCI hippocampi, IGF-1B mRNA peaked at post-injury day (PID) 2 (1700±320% sham), but normalized by PID 14. IGF-1A peaked at PID 3 (280±52% sham), and remained elevated at PID 14. Increased IGF-1B mRNA was associated with increased methylation at P1, and increased histone modifications associated with gene activation at P2 and exon5/ESE, together with differential methylation in the exon 5/ESE regions. We report for the first time that hippocampal IGF-1B mRNA increased after developmental TBI. We speculate that epigenetic modifications at the P2 and exon 5/ESE regions are important in the regulation of IGF-1B mRNA expression. The exon 5/ESE region may present a means for future therapies to target IGF-1B transcription after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Schober
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, Utah 84158, USA.
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20
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Koczorowska MM, Kwasniewska A, Gozdzicka-Jozefiak A. IGF1 mRNA isoform expression in the cervix of HPV-positive women with pre-cancerous and cancer lesions. Exp Ther Med 2010; 2:149-156. [PMID: 22977483 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2010.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a crucial role in cervical cancer etiology. However, not all HPV-infected women develop cancer, indicating that additional cellular factors facilitate carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression profile of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) isoforms in the context of FOX2, SP1 and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) expression during HPV-dependent cervical carcinogenesis. One hundred and nine epithelial tissue samples from women with pre-cancerous and cancer lesions of the cervix were analyzed. HPV DNA was identified by PCR, and real-time PCR was used to quantify the expression levels of the analyzed genes. All IGF1 mRNA splicing isoforms were up-regulated in pre-cancerous cells, and a shift in the balance towards mitogenic IGF1Eb was observed in the cancer samples. IGF1 expression was controlled mainly by the P1 promoter, and an increase in P2 usage was observed in the cancer. Correlations between IGF1 mRNA splicing isoforms and the FOX2 splicing factor, as well as P1/P2 activity and SP1 transcription factor expression levels were detected. No correlation was observed between the expression of IGF1 and its receptor IGF1R. Our results suggest that IGF1, in particular its splicing profile, may be an additional prognostic factor in cervical carcinogenesis.
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21
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Kouroupi G, Lavdas AA, Gaitanou M, Thomaidou D, Stylianopoulou F, Matsas R. Lentivirus-mediated expression of insulin-like growth factor-I promotes neural stem/precursor cell proliferation and enhances their potential to generate neurons. J Neurochem 2010; 115:460-74. [PMID: 20681949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to enhance neural stem/precursor cell (NPC) capacity to yield multipotential, proliferative, and migrating pools of cells that can efficiently differentiate into neurons could be crucial for structural repair after neurodegenerative damage. Here, we have generated a lentiviral vector for expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) and investigated the impact of IGF-1 transduction on the properties of cultured NPCs (IGF-1-NPCs). Under proliferative conditions, IGF-1 transduction promoted cell cycle progression via cyclin D1 up-regulation and Akt phosphorylation. Remarkably upon differentiation-inducing conditions, IGF-1-NPCs cease to proliferate and differentiate to a greater extent into neurons with significantly longer neurites, at the expense of astrocytes. Moreover, using live imaging we provide evidence that IGF-1 transduction enhances the motility and tissue penetration of grafted NPCs in cultured cortical slices. These results illustrate the important consequence of IGF-1 transduction in regulating NPC functions and offer a potential strategy to enhance the prospective repair potential of NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kouroupi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
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22
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Neuroprotective effects of IGF-I following kainic acid-induced hippocampal degeneration in the rat. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2009; 30:347-60. [PMID: 19777341 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-009-9457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has been shown to act as a neuroprotectant both in in vitro studies and in in vivo animal models of ischemia, hypoxia, trauma in the brain or the spinal cord, multiple and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective potential of IGF-I in the "kainic acid-induced degeneration of the hippocampus" model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Increased cell death--as detected by FluoroJade B staining--and extensive cell loss--as determined by cresyl violet staining--were observed mainly in the CA3 and CA4 areas of the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus, 7 days following intrahippocampal administration of kainic acid. Kainic acid injection also resulted in intense astrogliosis--as assessed by the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunopositive cells--in both hemispheres, forming a clear astroglial scar ipsilaterally to the injection site. Heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) immunopositive cells were also observed in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus (DG) following kainic acid injection. When IGF-I was administered together with kainic acid, practically no signs of degeneration were detected in the contralateral hemisphere, while in the ipsilateral, there was a smaller degree of cell loss, reduced number of FluoroJade B-stained cells, decreased reactive gliosis and fewer Hsp70-positive cells. Our present results extend further the cases in which IGF-I is shown to exhibit neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative processes in the CNS.
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23
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Beresewicz M, Majewska M, Makarewicz D, Vayro S, Zabłocka B, Górecki DC. Changes in the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 variants in the postnatal brain development and in neonatal hypoxia-ischaemia. Int J Dev Neurosci 2009; 28:91-7. [PMID: 19766709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a multifunctional peptide of which numerous isoforms exist. The predominant form, IGF-1Ea is involved in physiological processes while IGF-1Ec (mechano-growth factor, MGF) is expressed in response to a different set of stimuli. We have identified specific changes in the expression patterns of these IGF-1 variants in brain development in normal rats and following neonatal hypoxia-ischaemia (HI). Both IGF-1Ea and IGF-1Ec are expressed during normal postnatal brain development, albeit with highly specific temporal distributions. In contrast, HI produced increased and prolonged expression of the IGF-1Ec isoform only. Importantly, hypoxia alone stimulated the expression of IGF-1Ec as well. Thus, IGF-1Ec may play a role in HI pathology. Neonatal hypoxia-ischaemia occurs in approximately 1:4000-1:10,000 newborns and causes neurological deficits in approximately 75% of those affected. Unfortunately, no specific treatment is available. IGF-1 is known to have neuroprotective activity and its IGF-1Ec variant appears to be an endogenous protective factor in hypoxia-ischaemia. Therefore, IGF-1Ec could potentially be developed into a therapeutic modality for the attenuation or prevention of neuronal damage in this and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Beresewicz
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Sakowski SA, Schuyler AD, Feldman EL. Insulin-like growth factor-I for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 10:63-73. [PMID: 18608100 DOI: 10.1080/17482960802160370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects both upper and lower motorneurons (MN) resulting in weakness, paralysis and subsequent death. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a potent neurotrophic factor that has neuroprotective properties in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Due to the efficacy of IGF-I in the treatment of other diseases and its ability to promote neuronal survival, IGF-I is being extensively studied in ALS therapeutic trials. This review covers in vitro and in vivo studies examining the efficacy of IGF-I in ALS model systems and also addresses the mechanisms by which IGF-I asserts its effects in these models, the status of the IGF-I system in ALS patients, results of clinical trials, and the need for the development of better delivery mechanisms to maximize IGF-I efficacy. The knowledge obtained from these studies suggests that IGF-I has the potential to be a safe and efficacious therapy for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Sakowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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25
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Burgos-Ramos E, Martos-Moreno GÁ, López MG, Herranz R, Aguado-Llera D, Egea J, Frechilla D, Cenarruzabeitia E, León R, Arilla-Ferreiro E, Argente J, Barrios V. The N-terminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor-I protects against β-amyloid-induced somatostatin depletion by calcium and glycogen synthase kinase 3β modulation. J Neurochem 2009; 109:360-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Hypothesis: upregulation of a muscle-specific isoform of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) by spinal manipulation. Med Hypotheses 2008; 71:715-21. [PMID: 18723291 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spinal manipulation is a manual therapy approach commonly employed by chiropractors, osteopaths and manipulative physiotherapists in the treatment of back pain. It is characterised by a rapid high velocity, low amplitude thrust which commonly causes an audible 'pop' or 'cavitation' in the joint. Any beneficial effects are generally explained with reference to changes in vertebral joint movement. This paper looks at the process of spinal manipulation to see if there is reason to expect effects beyond simple changes in the biomechanics of the spine. It shows that during the process of spinal manipulation, rapid stretching of spinal muscles is inevitable. It goes on to review recent evidence that muscle stretch is a potent stimulus for the upregulation of a splice product of the insulin-like growth factor gene by the stretched muscle. Evidence that the product of this gene (mechano-growth factor; MGF) promotes muscle growth and repair (myotrophism) is presented, together with evidence that MGF promotes the growth and repair of neurones (neurotrophism). Against this background the hypothesis is proposed that one of the effects of spinal manipulation is to stretch spinal muscles which will upregulate MGF and result in local myotrophic and neurotrophic effects. This growth factor hypothesis represents a major departure from the biomechanical and biopsychosocial models currently used to explain the effects of spinal manipulation, and could provide the basis for further studies aimed at defining the molecular correlates of this type of manual therapy.
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