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Zhang J, Hu X, Geng Y, Xiang L, Wu Y, Li Y, Yang L, Zhou K. Exploring the role of parthanatos in CNS injury: Molecular insights and therapeutic approaches. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00174-7. [PMID: 38704090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) injury causes severe organ damage due to both damage resulting from the injury and subsequent cell death. However, there are currently no effective treatments for countering the irreversible loss of cell function. Parthanatos is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1)-dependent form of programmed cell death that is partly responsible for neural cell death. Consequently, the mechanism by which parthanatos promotes CNS injury has attracted significant scientific interest. AIM OF REVIEW Our review aims to summarize the potential role of parthanatos in CNS injury and its molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms. Understanding the role of parthanatos and related molecules in CNS injury is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies and identifying important directions for future in-depth research. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Parthanatos (from Thanatos, the personification of death according to Greek mythology) is a type of programmed cell death that is initiated by the overactivation of PARP-1. This process triggers a cascade of reactions, including the accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), the nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) after its release from mitochondria, and subsequent massive DNA fragmentation caused by migration inhibitory factor (MIF) forming a complex with AIF. Secondary molecular mechanisms, such as excitotoxicity and oxidative stress-induced overactivation of PARP-1, significantly exacerbate neuronal damage following initial mechanical injury to the CNS. Furthermore, parthanatos is not only associated with neuronal damage but also interacts with various other types of cell death. This review focuses on the latest research concerning the parthanatos cell death pathway, particularly considering its regulatory mechanisms and functions in CNS damage. We highlight the associations between parthanatos and different cell types involved in CNS damage and discuss potential therapeutic agents targeting the parthanatos pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yibo Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Linyi Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuzhe Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Liangliang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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Catalpol Regulates Oligodendrocyte Regeneration and Remyelination by Activating the GEF-Cdc42/Rac1 Signaling Pathway in EAE Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7074157. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7074157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The main obstacle to remyelination in demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, is the inability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the demyelinating region. Consequently, promoting OL differentiation and myelin remodeling is a key goal in the search for treatments. Rho GTPases play diverse and important roles throughout the development of neuronal axons and the formation of the myelin sheath. The current study aimed to investigate the direct protective effects of catalpol on demyelination damage induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) immunization and to explore whether the GEF-Cdc42/Rac1 signaling pathway contributes to the regeneration effect induced by catalpol. In the MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of demyelination, we observed that catalpol significantly promoted OL development by enhancing the expression of glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi) in the affected brain. By Luxol fast blue staining and myelin basic protein (MBP) expression assessment, catalpol was found to increase MBP expression and promote myelin repair. Furthermore, catalpol promoted OL differentiation associated with the upregulation of Cdc42/Rac1 expression and activation in vivo. In addition, PAK1/MRCKα, proteins downstream of Cdc42/Rac1, was positively regulated by catalpol. We also found that catalpol alleviated clinical neurological dysfunction, inhibited inflammatory infiltration, increased the proportion of Treg cells, and suppressed demyelination. Overall, our study is the first to reveal that catalpol can promote OL generation and myelination and contributes to the crucial regulatory process of GEF-Cdc42/Rac1 signaling expression and activation. Therefore, catalpol is a promising drug candidate for the potential treatment of demyelinating diseases.
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Lara-Velazquez M, Zarco N, Carrano A, Phillipps J, Norton ES, Schiapparelli P, Al-kharboosh R, Rincon-Torroella J, Jeanneret S, Corona T, Segovia J, Jentoft ME, Chaichana KL, Asmann YW, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Guerrero-Cazares H. Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin contributes to stem cell characteristics and enhances tumorigenicity of glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:599-610. [PMID: 33249487 PMCID: PMC8041345 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the main primary brain tumors in adults with almost 100% recurrence rate. Patients with lateral ventricle proximal GBMs (LV-GBMs) exhibit worse survival compared to distal locations for unknown reasons. One hypothesis is the proximity of these tumors to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its chemical cues that can regulate cellular phenotype. We therefore investigated the role of CSF on GBM gene expression and the role of a CSF-induced gene, SERPINA3, in GBM malignancy in vitro and in vivo. METHODS We utilized human CSF and GBM brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs). We determined the impact of SERPINA3 expression in glioma patients using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. SERPINA3 expression changes were evaluated at mRNA and protein levels. The effects of knockdown (KD) and overexpression (OE) of SERPINA3 on cell migration, viability and cell proliferation were evaluated. Stem cell characteristics on KD cells were evaluated by differentiation and colony formation experiments. Tumor growth was studied by intracranial and flank injections. RESULTS GBM-CSF increased BTIC migration accompanied by upregulation of the SERPINA3 gene. In patient samples and TCGA data, we observed SERPINA3 to correlate directly with brain tumor grade and indirectly with GBM patient survival. SERPINA3 KD induced a decrease in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and stem cell characteristics, while SERPINA3 OE increased cell migration. In vivo, SERPINA3 KD BTICs showed increased survival in a murine model. CONCLUSIONS SERPINA3 plays a key role in GBM malignancy and its inhibition results in a better outcome using GBM preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natanael Zarco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Emily S Norton
- PECEM, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Regenerative Sciences Training Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Rawan Al-kharboosh
- PECEM, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Regenerative Sciences Training Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Teresa Corona
- Clinical Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose Segovia
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mark E Jentoft
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Yan W Asmann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Gundelach J, Koch M. EndoN treatment allows neuroblasts to leave the rostral migratory stream and migrate towards a lesion within the prefrontal cortex of rats. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1740-1747. [PMID: 32209781 PMCID: PMC7437602 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.276335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding properties of neural cell adhesion molecule are modulated by a polysialic acid moiety. This plays an important role in the migration of adult born neuroblasts from their area of origin, the subventricular zone, towards the olfactory bulb. Polysialisation increases the migration speed of the cells and helps to prevent the neuroblasts from leaving their migration route, the rostral migratory stream. Here, we evaluated the potential of intraventricular application of endoneuraminidase-N, an enzyme that specifically cleaves polysialic acid from neural cell adhesion molecule, in a rat model for structural prefrontal cortex damage. As expected, endoneuraminidase-N caused the rostral migratory stream to become wider, with a less uniform cellular orientation. Furthermore, endoneuraminidase-N treatment caused the neuroblasts to leave the rostral migratory stream and migrate towards the lesioned tissue. Despite the neuroblasts not being differentiated into neurons after a survival time of three weeks, this technique provides a solid animal model for future work on the migration and differentiation of relocated neuroblasts and might provide a basis for a future endogenous stem cell-based therapy for structural brain damage. The experiments were approved by the local animal care committee (522-27-11/02-00, 115; Senatorin für Wissenschaft, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz, Bremen, Germany) on February 10, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Gundelach
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Koch
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Contreras EG, Sierralta J, Oliva C. Novel Strategies for the Generation of Neuronal Diversity: Lessons From the Fly Visual System. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:140. [PMID: 31213980 PMCID: PMC6554424 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all organs of an adult animal, the central nervous system stands out because of its vast complexity and morphological diversity. During early development, the entire central nervous system develops from an apparently homogenous group of progenitors that differentiate into all neural cell types. Therefore, understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms that give rise to the cellular and anatomical diversity of the brain is a key goal of the developmental neurobiology field. With this aim in mind, the development of the central nervous system of model organisms has been extensively studied. From more than a century, the mechanisms of neurogenesis have been studied in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The visual system comprises one of the major structures of the Drosophila brain. The visual information is collected by the eye-retina photoreceptors and then processed by the four optic lobe ganglia: the lamina, medulla, lobula and lobula plate. The molecular mechanisms that originate neuronal diversity in the optic lobe have been unveiled in the past decade. In this article, we describe the early development and differentiation of the lobula plate ganglion, from the formation of the optic placode and the inner proliferation center to the specification of motion detection neurons. We focused specifically on how the precise combination of signaling pathways and cell-specific transcription factors patterns the pool of neural stem cells that generates the different neurons of the motion detection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban G Contreras
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jimena Sierralta
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Oliva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Zhang W, Wang W, Yu DX, Xiao Z, He Z. Application of nanodiagnostics and nanotherapy to CNS diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2341-2371. [PMID: 30088440 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke are the most common CNS diseases, all characterized by progressive cellular dysfunction and death in specific areas of the nervous system. Therapeutic development for these diseases has lagged behind other disease areas due to difficulties in early diagnosis, long disease courses and drug delivery challenges, not least due to the blood-brain barrier. Over recent decades, nanotechnology has been explored as a potential tool for the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of CNS diseases. In this review, we describe the application of nanotechnology to common CNS diseases, highlighting disease pathogenesis and the underlying mechanisms and promising functional outcomes that make nanomaterials ideal candidates for early diagnosis and therapy. Moreover, we discuss the limitations of nanotechnology, and possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Wenyue Wang
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Clayton, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - David X Yu
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Clayton, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Zhicheng Xiao
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Clayton, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Zhiyong He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, PR China.,Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Clayton, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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Gundelach J, Koch M. Redirection of neuroblast migration from the rostral migratory stream into a lesion in the prefrontal cortex of adult rats. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:1181-1191. [PMID: 29468384 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Clinical treatment of structural brain damage today is largely limited to symptomatic approaches and the avoidance of secondary injury. However, neuronal precursor cells are constantly produced within specified regions of the mammalian brain throughout life. Here we evaluate the potential of the known chemoattractive properties of the glycoprotein laminin on neuroblasts to relocate the cells into damaged brain areas. Injection of a thin laminin tract, leading from the rostral migratory stream to an excitotoxic lesion within the medial prefrontal cortex of rats, enabled neuroblasts to migrate away from their physiological route towards the olfactory bulb into the lesion site. Once they reached the damaged tissue, they migrated further in a non-uniform orientation within the lesion. Furthermore, our data indicate that the process of diverted migration is still active 6 weeks after the treatment and that at least some of the neuroblasts are capable of maturing into adult neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Gundelach
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Michael Koch
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
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Nakamuta S, Yang YT, Wang CL, Gallo NB, Yu JR, Tai Y, Van Aelst L. Dual role for DOCK7 in tangential migration of interneuron precursors in the postnatal forebrain. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:4313-4330. [PMID: 29089377 PMCID: PMC5716287 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, stem cells in the ventricular-subventricular zone generate neuroblasts that migrate via the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into local interneurons. Although progress has been made toward identifying extracellular factors that guide the migration of these cells, little is known about the intracellular mechanisms that govern the dynamic reshaping of the neuroblasts' morphology required for their migration along the RMS. In this study, we identify DOCK7, a member of the DOCK180-family, as a molecule essential for tangential neuroblast migration in the postnatal mouse forebrain. DOCK7 regulates the migration of these cells by controlling both leading process (LP) extension and somal translocation via distinct pathways. It controls LP stability/growth via a Rac-dependent pathway, likely by modulating microtubule networks while also regulating F-actin remodeling at the cell rear to promote somal translocation via a previously unrecognized myosin phosphatase-RhoA-interacting protein-dependent pathway. The coordinated action of both pathways is required to ensure efficient neuroblast migration along the RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Ting Yang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Chia-Lin Wang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Nicholas B Gallo
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Jia-Ray Yu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Yilin Tai
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
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Guerrero-Cazares H, Lavell E, Chen L, Schiapparelli P, Lara-Velazquez M, Capilla-Gonzalez V, Drummond G, Clements AC, Noiman L, Thaler K, Burke A, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. Brief Report: Robo1 Regulates the Migration of Human Subventricular Zone Neural Progenitor Cells During Development. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1860-1865. [PMID: 28406573 PMCID: PMC5484745 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human neural progenitor cell (NPC) migration within the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ganglionic eminence is an active process throughout early brain development. The migration of human NPCs from the SVZ to the olfactory bulb during fetal stages resembles what occurs in adult rodents. As the human brain develops during infancy, this migratory stream is drastically reduced in cell number and becomes barely evident in adults. The mechanisms regulating human NPC migration are unknown. The Slit-Robo signaling pathway has been defined as a chemorepulsive cue involved in axon guidance and neuroblast migration in rodents. Slit and Robo proteins expressed in the rodent brain help guide neuroblast migration from the SVZ through the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb. Here, we present the first study on the role that Slit and Robo proteins play in human-derived fetal neural progenitor cell migration (hfNPC). We describe that Robo1 and Robo2 isoforms are expressed in the human fetal SVZ. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Slit2 is able to induce a chemorepellent effect on the migration of hfNPCs derived from the human fetal SVZ. In addition, when Robo1 expression is inhibited, hfNPCs are unable to migrate to the olfactory bulb of mice when injected in the anterior SVZ. Our findings indicate that the migration of human NPCs from the SVZ is partially regulated by the Slit-Robo axis. This pathway could be regulated to direct the migration of NPCs in human endogenous neural cell therapy. Stem Cells 2017;35:1860-1865.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Guerrero-Cazares
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fl, USA (current)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. USA (former)
| | - Emily Lavell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fl, USA (current)
| | - Linda Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paula Schiapparelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fl, USA (current)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. USA (former)
| | | | - Vivian Capilla-Gonzalez
- Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Liron Noiman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katrina Thaler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Burke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fl, USA (current)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. USA (former)
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Galindo LT, Mundim MTVV, Pinto AS, Chiarantin GMD, Almeida MES, Lamers ML, Horwitz AR, Santos MF, Porcionatto M. Chondroitin Sulfate Impairs Neural Stem Cell Migration Through ROCK Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3185-3195. [PMID: 28477140 PMCID: PMC5842503 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain injuries such as trauma and stroke lead to glial scar formation by reactive astrocytes which produce and secret axonal outgrowth inhibitors. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG) constitute a well-known class of extracellular matrix molecules produced at the glial scar and cause growth cone collapse. The CSPG glycosaminoglycan side chains composed of chondroitin sulfate (CS) are responsible for its inhibitory activity on neurite outgrowth and are dependent on RhoA activation. Here, we hypothesize that CSPG also impairs neural stem cell migration inhibiting their penetration into an injury site. We show that DCX+ neuroblasts do not penetrate a CSPG-rich injured area probably due to Nogo receptor activation and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway as we demonstrate in vitro with neural stem cells cultured as neurospheres and pull-down for RhoA. Furthermore, CS-impaired cell migration in vitro induced the formation of large mature adhesions and altered cell protrusion dynamics. ROCK inhibition restored migration in vitro as well as decreased adhesion size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla T Galindo
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 3o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Mayara T V V Mundim
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 3o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Agnes S Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 3o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly M D Chiarantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 3o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Maíra E S Almeida
- Physiopathology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Alan R Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, 22903, USA
| | - Marinilce F Santos
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marimelia Porcionatto
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 3o andar, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil.
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11
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Faiz M, Nagy A, Morshead CM. Response to: Where do you come from and what are you going to become, reactive astrocyte? Stem Cell Investig 2016; 3:32. [PMID: 27582184 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2016.07.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Faiz
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada;; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1P5, Canada;; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada;; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1P5, Canada
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Ji X, Liu H, An C, Wang Y, Zhao H, Zhang Q, Li M, Qi F, Chen Z, Wang X, Wang L. You-Gui pills promote nerve regeneration by regulating netrin1, DCC and Rho family GTPases RhoA, Racl, Cdc42 in C57BL/6 mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 187:123-133. [PMID: 27106785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE You-Gui pills (YGPs) are an effective traditional Chinese formula being used clinically for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous studies demonstrated that YGPs exerted the potent neuroprotective effects in murine models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an equivalent animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the mechanism of YGPs functions remained unclear. AIM OF THIS STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of YGPs in MOG35-55-induced EAE mice and to further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups, including the non-treated EAE model, prednisone acetate- and 1.2, 2.4 or 4.8g/kg YGPs-treated EAE groups, and a normal control group. The EAE model was established by injecting the mice subcutaneously with MOG35-55 antigen. The body weights were measured and the neurological functions were scored in each group. The pathology and morphology of the brain and spinal cord was examined. The expression of MAP-2 was detected by immunofluorescent staining. The levels of netrin1, DCC, RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 were assayed by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blot on day 40 post-immunization (PI). RESULTS YGPs treatments significantly reduced neurological function scores in EAE mice, where the inflammatory infiltration was reduced and the axon and myelin damage in both brain and spinal cord was alleviated. In the brain and spinal cord tissues, YGPs increased the expression of neuronal factors MAP-2, netrin1 and DCC. The expression of Rac1 and Cdc42 were increased, while RhoA was reduced following YGPs treatments. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that YGPs exhibited a neuroprotective effect on promoting nerve regeneration at the brain and spinal cord in EAE mice induced by MOG35-55. Netrin1, DCC and the Rho family GTPases of RhoA, Racl, Cdc42 were involved in mediating the effects of YGPs on nerve regeneration.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/ultrastructure
- DCC Receptor
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Nerve Growth Factors/genetics
- Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism
- Nerve Regeneration/drug effects
- Netrin-1
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Peptide Fragments
- Phytotherapy
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Spinal Cord/ultrastructure
- Tablets
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Haolong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Chen An
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Fang Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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13
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Bye N, Christie KJ, Turbic A, Basrai HS, Turnley AM. Rho kinase inhibition following traumatic brain injury in mice promotes functional improvement and acute neuron survival but has little effect on neurogenesis, glial responses or neuroinflammation. Exp Neurol 2016; 279:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis Improves Migration of Neuroblasts Along Corpus Callosum by Stimulating MMP-2 Secretion After Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1315-22. [PMID: 26801174 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of CXCL12 on migration of neural precursor cells after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We randomly divided 48 rats into four groups: (1) the sham group, rats were performed craniotomy only, (2) the control group, saline were injected into the ipsilateral cortex after TBI, (3) the CXCL12 group, CXCL12 were injected into the ipsilateral cortex after TBI, and (4) the CXCL12 + AMD3100 group, CXCL12 and AMD3100 were mixed together and injected into the ipsilateral cortex after TBI. At 7 days after TBI, the brain tissues were subjected to immunofluorescent double-labeled staining with the antibodies of CXCR4/DCX, MMP-2/DCX, MMP-2/GFAP, MMP-2/NeuN. Western blot assay was used to measure the protein levels of MMP-2. Compared with the control group, the number of CXCR4/DCX and MMP-2 positive cells around the injured corpus callosum area were significantly increased in the CXCL12 treatment group. The area occupied by these cells expanded and the shape changed from chain distribution to radial. CXCL12 + AMD3100 treatment significantly decreased the number and distribution area of CXCR4/DCX and MMP-2 positive cells compared with the CXCL12 treatment and control group. The DCX positive cells could not form chain or radial distribution. The protein expressions of MMP-2 had the similar change trends as the results of immunofluorescent staining. MMP-2 could be secreted by DCX, GFAP and NeuN positive cells. CXCL12/CXCR4 axis can improve the migration of the neuroblasts along the corpus callosum by stimulating the MMP-2 secretion of different types of cells.
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15
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Faiz M, Sachewsky N, Gascón S, Bang KWA, Morshead CM, Nagy A. Adult Neural Stem Cells from the Subventricular Zone Give Rise to Reactive Astrocytes in the Cortex after Stroke. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 17:624-34. [PMID: 26456685 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes (RAs) have been reported to convert to multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of neurosphere (NS) formation and multilineage differentiation in vitro. Using genetic tagging, we determined that subventricular zone (SVZ) NSCs give rise to NSs derived from the stroke-injured cortex. We demonstrate that these cells can be isolated from the cortex in two different models of stroke and from different stroke-lesioned cortical regions. Interestingly, SVZ NSCs give rise to a subpopulation of RAs in the cortex that contribute to astrogliosis and scar formation. Last, we show that these SVZ derived RAs can be converted to neurons in vivo by forced expression of Ascl1. Identifying the contribution of cells originating from the SVZ to injury repair has implications for neural regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Faiz
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Nadia Sachewsky
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Sergio Gascón
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Institute of Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 12, Munich D-80336, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg/Munich D-85764, Germany
| | - K W Annie Bang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada.
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1E2, Canada.
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16
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Heidari N, Saki N, De Filippis L, Shahjahani M, Teimouri A, Ahmadzadeh A. Central nervous system niche involvement in the leukemia. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 18:240-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Polarized Macrophages Have Distinct Roles in the Differentiation and Migration of Embryonic Spinal-cord-derived Neural Stem Cells After Grafting to Injured Sites of Spinal Cord. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1077-1091. [PMID: 25794051 PMCID: PMC4817764 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently provokes serious detrimental outcomes because neuronal regeneration is limited in the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, the creation of a permissive environment for transplantation therapy with neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) is a promising strategy to replace lost neuronal cells, promote repair, and stimulate functional plasticity after SCI. Macrophages are important SCI-associated inflammatory cells and a major source of secreted factors that modify the lesion milieu. Here, we used conditional medium (CM) from bone marrow-derived M1 or M2 polarized macrophages to culture murine NS/PCs. The NS/PCs showed enhanced astrocytic versus neuronal/oligodendrocytic differentiation in the presence of M1- versus M2-CM. Similarly, cotransplantation of NS/PCs with M1 and M2 macrophages into intact or injured murine spinal cord increased the number of engrafted NS/PC-derived astrocytes and neurons/oligodendrocytes, respectively. Furthermore, when cotransplantated with M2 macrophages, the NS/PC-derived neurons integrated into the local circuitry and enhanced locomotor recovery following SCI. Interesting, engrafted M1 macrophages promoted long-distance rostral migration of NS/PC-derived cells in a chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4)-dependent manner, while engrafted M2 macrophages resulted in limited cell migration of NS/PC-derived cells. Altogether, these findings suggest that the cotransplantation of NS/PCs together with polarized macrophages could constitute a promising therapeutic approach for SCI repair.
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18
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Colucci-D'Amato L, Cicatiello AE, Reccia MG, Volpicelli F, Severino V, Russo R, Sandomenico A, Doti N, D'Esposito V, Formisano P, Chambery A. A targeted secretome profiling by multiplexed immunoassay revealed that secreted chemokine ligand 2 (MCP-1/CCL2) affects neural differentiation in mesencephalic neural progenitor cells. Proteomics 2015; 15:714-24. [PMID: 25404527 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines and cytokines, primarily known for their roles in the immune and inflammatory response, have also been identified as key components of the neurogenic niche where they are involved in the modulation of neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. However, a complete understanding of the functional role played in neural differentiation and a comprehensive profiling of these secreted molecules are lacking. By exploiting the multiplexing capability of magnetic bead-based immunoassays, we have investigated the changes of the expression levels of a set of chemokines and cytokines released from the pluripotent neural cell line mes-c-myc A1 following its differentiation from a proliferating phenotype (A1P) toward a neural (A1D) phenotype. We found a subset of molecules exclusively released from A1P, whereas others were differentially detected in A1P and A1D conditioned media. Among them, we identified monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/chemokine ligand 2 (MCP-1/CCL2) as a proneurogenic factor able to affect neuronal differentiation of A1 cells as well as of neuroblasts from primary cultures and to induce the elongation and/or formation of neuritic processes. Altogether, data are suggestive of a main role played by the CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway and in general of the network of secreted cytokines/chemokines in the differentiation of neural progenitor cells toward a neural fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Colucci-D'Amato
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy; CIRN, Inter-University Center for Research in Neuroscience, Napoli, Italy
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19
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Merino JJ, Bellver-Landete V, Oset-Gasque MJ, Cubelos B. CXCR4/CXCR7 Molecular Involvement in Neuronal and Neural Progenitor Migration: Focus in CNS Repair. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:27-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Joaquín Merino
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept II; Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación; Neuroquímica (IUIN), UCM; Madrid Spain
| | - Victor Bellver-Landete
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept II; Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); Madrid Spain
| | - María Jesús Oset-Gasque
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept II; Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación; Neuroquímica (IUIN), UCM; Madrid Spain
| | - Beatriz Cubelos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
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20
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Xiang Y, Liu H, Yan T, Zhuang Z, Jin D, Peng Y. Functional electrical stimulation-facilitated proliferation and regeneration of neural precursor cells in the brains of rats with cerebral infarction. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:243-51. [PMID: 25206808 PMCID: PMC4146152 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.128215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that proliferation of endogenous neural precursor cells cannot alone compensate for the damage to neurons and axons. From the perspective of neural plasticity, we observed the effects of functional electrical stimulation treatment on endogenous neural precursor cell proliferation and expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor in the rat brain on the infarct side. Functional electrical stimulation was performed in rat models of acute middle cerebral artery occlusion. Simultaneously, we set up a placebo stimulation group and a sham-operated group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that, at 7 and 14 days, compared with the placebo group, the numbers of nestin (a neural precursor cell marker)-positive cells in the subgranular zone and subventricular zone were increased in the functional electrical stimulation treatment group. Western blot assays and reverse-transcription PCR showed that total protein levels and gene expression of epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor were also upregulated on the infarct side. Prehensile traction test results showed that, at 14 days, prehension function of rats in the functional electrical stimulation group was significantly better than in the placebo group. These results suggest that functional electrical stimulation can promote endogenous neural precursor cell proliferation in the brains of acute cerebral infarction rats, enhance expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor, and improve the motor function of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China ; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huihua Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tiebin Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dongmei Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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21
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Sontag CJ, Uchida N, Cummings BJ, Anderson AJ. Injury to the spinal cord niche alters the engraftment dynamics of human neural stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 2:620-32. [PMID: 24936450 PMCID: PMC4050489 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment is a critical mediator of stem cell survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The majority of preclinical studies involving transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into the CNS have focused on injured or degenerating microenvironments, leaving a dearth of information as to how NSCs differentially respond to intact versus damaged CNS. Furthermore, single, terminal histological endpoints predominate, providing limited insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of NSC engraftment and migration. We investigated the early and long-term engraftment dynamics of human CNS stem cells propagated as neurospheres (hCNS-SCns) following transplantation into uninjured versus subacutely injured spinal cords of immunodeficient NOD-scid mice. We stereologically quantified engraftment, survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation at 1, 7, 14, 28, and 98 days posttransplantation, and identified injury-dependent alterations. Notably, the injured microenvironment decreased hCNS-SCns survival, delayed and altered the location of proliferation, influenced both total and fate-specific migration, and promoted oligodendrocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Sontag
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA ; MIND Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Brian J Cummings
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA ; MIND Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA ; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Aileen J Anderson
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA ; MIND Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA ; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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22
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Zhao W, Xu W, Yang WW. Neuroregeneration in the nucleus ambiguus after recurrent laryngeal nerve avulsion in rats. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2014; 123:490-9. [PMID: 24627406 DOI: 10.1177/0003489414524170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to investigate neuroregeneration, the origins of newborn cells and the proliferation of neuronal and glial cells in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) after ipsilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) avulsion. METHODS All of the animals received a CM-Dil injection in the left lateral ventricle. Forty-five adult rats were subjected to a left RLN avulsion injury, while 9 rats were used as controls. 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected intraperitoneally. Neuron quantification and immunohistochemical analysis were performed in the brain stems at different time points after RLN injury. RESULTS After RLN avulsion, CM-Dil labeled neural progenitor cells (NPCs) migrated to the ipsilateral NA and differentiated into astrocytes but not into neurons. In the NA, the neuronal cells re-expressed nestin. Only a small number of neuronal and glial cells in the NA showed BrdU immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS After RLN avulsion, the NPCs in the ependymal layer of the fourth ventricle or central canal are activated, migrate to the lesion in the NA and differentiate exclusively into astrocytes. The newborn neural stem cells in the NA may arise from the mature region neurons. The presence of both cell types in the NA may play a role in repairing RLN injuries.
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23
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Bellenchi GC, Volpicelli F, Piscopo V, Perrone-Capano C, di Porzio U. Adult neural stem cells: an endogenous tool to repair brain injury? J Neurochem 2012; 124:159-67. [PMID: 23134340 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Research on stem cells has developed as one of the most promising areas of neurobiology. In the beginning of the 1990s, neurogenesis in the adult brain was indisputably accepted, eliciting great research efforts. Neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain are located in the 'neurogenic' areas of the subventricular and subgranular zones. Nevertheless, many reports indicate that they subsist in other regions of the adult brain. Adult neural stem cells have arisen considerable interest as these studies can be useful to develop new methods to replace damaged neurons and treat severe neurological diseases such as neurodegeneration, stroke or spinal cord lesions. In particular, a promising field is aimed at stimulating or trigger a self-repair system in the diseased brain driven by its own stem cell population. Here, we will revise the latest findings on the characterization of active and quiescent adult neural stem cells in the main regions of neurogenesis and the factors necessary to maintain their active and resting states, stimulate migration and homing in diseased areas, hoping to outline the emerging knowledge for the promotion of regeneration in the brain based on endogenous stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Carlo Bellenchi
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
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24
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Gonzalez-Perez O, Gutierrez-Fernandez F, Lopez-Virgen V, Collas-Aguilar J, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Garcia-Verdugo JM. Immunological regulation of neurogenic niches in the adult brain. Neuroscience 2012; 226:270-81. [PMID: 22986164 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis are germinal processes that occur in the adult brain throughout life. The subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) are the main neurogenic regions in the adult brain. Therein, resides a subpopulation of astrocytes that act as neural stem cells (NSCs). Increasing evidence indicates that pro-inflammatory and other immunological mediators are important regulators of neural precursors into the SVZ and the SGZ. There are a number of inflammatory cytokines that regulate the function of NSCs. Some of the most studied include: interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, insulin-like growth factor-1, growth-regulated oncogene-alpha, leukemia inhibitory factor, cardiotrophin-1, ciliary neurotrophic factor, interferon-gamma, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha. This plethora of immunological mediators can control the migration, proliferation, quiescence, cell-fate choices and survival of NSCs and their progeny. Thus, systemic or local inflammatory processes represent important regulators of germinal niches in the adult brain. In this review, we summarized the current evidence regarding the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the regulation of adult NSCs under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Additionally, we described the role of proinflammatory cytokines in neurodegenerative diseases and some therapeutical approaches for the immunomodulation of neural progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gonzalez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.
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25
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Expression of the Nogo-A System in Cortical Lesions of Pediatric Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type IIb. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2012; 71:665-77. [DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31825d6585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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26
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Bye N, Turnley AM, Morganti-Kossmann MC. Inflammatory regulators of redirected neural migration in the injured brain. Neurosignals 2012; 20:132-46. [PMID: 22456466 DOI: 10.1159/000336542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain injury following stroke or trauma induces the migration of neuroblasts derived from subventricular zone neural precursor cells (NPCs) towards the damaged tissue, where they then have the potential to contribute to repair. Enhancing the recruitment of new cells thus presents an enticing prospect for the development of new therapeutic approaches to treat brain injury; to this end, an understanding of the factors regulating this process is required. During the neuroinflammatory response to ischemic and traumatic brain injuries, a plethora of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors are released in the damaged tissue, and recent work indicates that a variety of these are able to influence injury-induced migration. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of specific chemokines and growth factors towards stimulating NPC migration in the injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bye
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Hospital, Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
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27
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Mild Neurotrauma Indicates a Range-Specific Pressure Response to Low Level Shock Wave Exposure. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 40:227-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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