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Atabilen B, Akdevelioğlu Y, Acar Özen P, Tuncer A. Examining dietary habits in the context of multiple sclerosis: A comprehensive investigative approach. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 83:105467. [PMID: 38301324 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to develop suggestions for changing eating habits in a healthy direction. METHODS The study was conducted on 171 participants (80.1 % female; 19.9 % male) diagnosed with MS between the ages of 18-60 who applied to Ankara Hacettepe University Hospital Neurology Outpatient Clinic between June 2021 and March 2023. Body weight, height, body composition, waist circumference, upper mid-arm circumference and hand grip strength were measured in accordance with the technique of anthropometric measurements. A three-day food consumption record was taken to evaluate the energy, macro, and micronutrient content of the diet. Mediterranean Diet Assessment Tool was used to assess adherence to diet. RESULTS Mean age of the participants was recorded as 35.2 ± 10.81 years. According to the body mass index (BMI) classification, 59.9 % of females were in normal limits, while 61.8 % of males were classified as overweight and obese. However, when evaluated in terms of body composition, body fat percentage was found to be above of normal limits in both genders. Also, 70.8 % of participants were sedentary. The percentage of patients who met their daily energy requirements in women with light and moderate activity was higher than in men, but it was not statistically significant. In participants with high activity level, the percentage of patients meeting energy requirements was below 50 % for both genders. Dietary fat and saturated fat intake were higher than the recommendations, while monounsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber intake were less. The percentages of patients meeting their calcium requirement was below 50 % in both genders. Mean intake amounts of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, and dairy products were below the Türkiye Nutrition Guideline recommendations. CONCLUSION This study shows the nutritional characteristic of patients with MS in detail with different aspects. Although most of the patients were in normal limits in terms of BMI, body fat percentages were found to be above normal limits in both genders. Total fat and saturated fat intakes were found to be high according to scientific recommendations while the intake of food groups required for a fibre-based diet and intake of dairy products were low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Atabilen
- Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Karaman, Türkiye.
| | - Yasemin Akdevelioğlu
- Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Pınar Acar Özen
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Neurology, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Aslı Tuncer
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Neurology, Ankara, Türkiye
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2
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Xu YS, Wang YH, Zhong W, Zhang CP, Xiong ZF, Chen R, Mao T. Fecal microbial biomarkers in older adults with autoimmune diseases. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:949-957. [PMID: 37477509 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To analyze the alterations in the fecal microbiota of older adults with autoimmune disease and determine the diagnostic capabilities of microbial biomarkers. Methods: The raw data of fecal samples from 444 older adults from the publicly available American Gut Project database was analyzed. Results: It was found that there were no significant differences in the microbiota richness and evenness between older adults with autoimmune disease and healthy controls. However, significant differences were observed in the microbiota composition and structure. The subject operating characteristic curve of the eight key microbiota was obtained, and the area under curve value was 70.0%. Conclusion: Older adults with autoimmune disease showed changes in intestinal microbiota composition, which can be used as microbial biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shuang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi-Hua Wang
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of General Practice, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Cui-Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-Fan Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of General Practice, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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3
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Zyla-Jackson K, Walton DA, Plafker KS, Kovats S, Georgescu C, Brush RS, Tytanic M, Agbaga MP, Plafker SM. Dietary protection against the visual and motor deficits induced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1113954. [PMID: 36937529 PMCID: PMC10017782 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1113954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Five to eight percent of the world population currently suffers from at least one autoimmune disorder. Despite multiple immune modulatory therapies for autoimmune demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, these treatments can be limiting for subsets of patients due to adverse effects and expense. To circumvent these barriers, we investigated a nutritional intervention in mice undergoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of autoimmune-mediated demyelination that induces visual and motor pathologies similar to those experienced by people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods EAE was induced in female and male mice and the impact of limiting dietary carbohydrates by feeding a ketogenic diet (KD) enriched in medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid), and fiber was evaluated in both a preventive regimen (prior to immunization with MOG antigen) and an interventional regimen (following the onset of symptoms). Motor scores were assigned daily and visual acuity was measured using optokinetic tracking. Immunohistochemical analyses of optic nerves were done to assess inflammatory infiltrates and myelination status. Fatty acid and cytokine profiling from blood were performed to evaluate systemic inflammatory status. Results The KD was efficacious when fed as a preventive regimen as well as when initiated as an interventional regimen following symptom onset. The KD minimally impacted body weight during the experimental time course, increased circulating ketones, prevented motor and ocular deficits, preserved myelination of the optic nerve, and reduced infiltration of immune cells to optic nerves. The KD also increased anti-inflammatory-associated omega-3 fatty acids in the plasma and reduced select cytokines in the circulation associated with EAE-mediated pathological inflammation. Discussion In light of ongoing clinical trials using dietary strategies to treat people with MS, these findings support that a KD enriched in MCTs, omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber promotes a systemic anti-inflammatory milieu and ameliorates autoimmune-induced demyelinating visual and motor deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zyla-Jackson
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Dorothy A. Walton
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kendra S. Plafker
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Susan Kovats
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Constantin Georgescu
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Richard S. Brush
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Madison Tytanic
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Martin-Paul Agbaga
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Scott M. Plafker
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Scott M. Plafker
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4
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Elkjaer ML, Simon L, Frisch T, Bente LM, Kacprowski T, Thomassen M, Reynolds R, Baumbach J, Röttger R, Illes Z. Hypothesis of a potential BrainBiota and its relation to CNS autoimmune inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1043579. [PMID: 36532064 PMCID: PMC9756883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1043579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents have been long considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases as part of the interaction between genetic susceptibility and the environment. The role of bacteria in CNS autoimmunity has also been highlighted by changes in the diversity of gut microbiota in patients with neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis, emphasizing the role of the gut-brain axis. We discuss the hypothesis of a brain microbiota, the BrainBiota: bacteria living in symbiosis with brain cells. Existence of various bacteria in the human brain is suggested by morphological evidence, presence of bacterial proteins, metabolites, transcripts and mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Based on our data, we discuss the hypothesis that these bacteria are an integral part of brain development and immune tolerance as well as directly linked to the gut microbiome. We further suggest that changes of the BrainBiota during brain diseases may be the consequence or cause of the chronic inflammation similarly to the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Elkjaer
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lukas Simon
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tobias Frisch
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lisa-Marie Bente
- Division Data Science in Biomedicine, Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunchweig, Germany
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Division Data Science in Biomedicine, Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunchweig, Germany
| | - Mads Thomassen
- BRIDGE, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Molecular Neuropathology, LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Chair of Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard Röttger
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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5
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Bonnechère B, Amin N, van Duijn C. What Are the Key Gut Microbiota Involved in Neurological Diseases? A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213665. [PMID: 36430144 PMCID: PMC9696257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence highlighting there are significant changes in the gut microbiota composition and relative abundance in various neurological disorders. We performed a systematic review of the different microbiota altered in a wide range of neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke). Fifty-two studies were included representing 5496 patients. At the genus level, the most frequently involved microbiota are Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotella. The overlap between the pathologies was strongest for MS and PD, sharing eight genera (Akkermansia, Butyricicoccus, Bifidobacterium, Coprococcus, Dorea, Faecalibacterium, Parabacteroides, and Prevotella) and PD and stroke, sharing six genera (Enterococcus, Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides, Prevotella, and Roseburia). The identification signatures overlapping for AD, PD, and MS raise the question of whether these reflect a common etiology or rather common consequence of these diseases. The interpretation is hampered by the low number and low power for AD, ALS, and stroke with ample opportunity for false positive and false negative findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bonnechère
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Correspondence:
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6
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Varela-Trinidad GU, Domínguez-Díaz C, Solórzano-Castanedo K, Íñiguez-Gutiérrez L, Hernández-Flores TDJ, Fafutis-Morris M. Probiotics: Protecting Our Health from the Gut. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1428. [PMID: 35889147 PMCID: PMC9316266 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) comprises billions of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract. This microbial community exerts numerous physiological functions. Prominent among these functions is the effect on host immunity through the uptake of nutrients that strengthen intestinal cells and cells involved in the immune response. The physiological functions of the GM are not limited to the gut, but bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and various extraintestinal organs have been identified. These interactions have been termed interorganic axes by several authors, among which the gut-brain, gut-skin, gut-lung, gut-heart, and gut-metabolism axes stand out. It has been shown that an organism is healthy or in homeostasis when the GM is in balance. However, altered GM or dysbiosis represents a critical factor in the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. Therefore, probiotics intervene in this context, which, according to various published studies, allows balance to be maintained in the GM, leading to an individual's good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gael Urait Varela-Trinidad
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Con Orientaciones en Inmunología y Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (G.U.V.-T.); (C.D.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología (CIINDE), Calzada del Federalismo Nte 3102, Zapopan 45190, Mexico
| | - Carolina Domínguez-Díaz
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Con Orientaciones en Inmunología y Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (G.U.V.-T.); (C.D.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología (CIINDE), Calzada del Federalismo Nte 3102, Zapopan 45190, Mexico
| | - Karla Solórzano-Castanedo
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Liliana Íñiguez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Coronel Calderón 777, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (L.Í.-G.); (T.d.J.H.-F.)
| | - Teresita de Jesús Hernández-Flores
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Coronel Calderón 777, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (L.Í.-G.); (T.d.J.H.-F.)
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosóficas Metodológicas e Intrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Mary Fafutis-Morris
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología (CIINDE), Calzada del Federalismo Nte 3102, Zapopan 45190, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
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7
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Noguera-Navarro C, Navas-Carrillo D, Orenes-Piñero E. Gut microbiota alterations and nutritional intervention in multiple sclerosis disease. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2062771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Noguera-Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diana Navas-Carrillo
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Esteban Orenes-Piñero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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8
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Li H, Liu S, Han J, Li S, Gao X, Wang M, Zhu J, Jin T. Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Neuroimmune Diseases: Therapeutic Targets and Problems. Front Immunol 2021; 12:777606. [PMID: 34790205 PMCID: PMC8591135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.777606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins playing a key role in innate and adaptive immune responses. TLRs are involved in the development and progression of neuroimmune diseases via initiating inflammatory responses. Thus, targeting TLRs signaling pathway may be considered as a potential therapy for neuroimmune diseases. However, the role of TLRs is elusive and complex in neuroimmune diseases. In addition to the inadequate immune response of TLRs inhibitors in the experiments, the recent studies also demonstrated that partial activation of TLRs is conducive to the production of anti-inflammatory factors and nervous system repair. Exploring the mechanism of TLRs in neuroimmune diseases and combining with developing the emerging drug may conquer neuroimmune diseases in the future. Herein, we provide an overview of the role of TLRs in several neuroimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, Guillain-Barré syndrome and myasthenia gravis. Emerging difficulties and potential solutions in clinical application of TLRs inhibitors will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Shengxian Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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9
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Farshbafnadi M, Agah E, Rezaei N. The second brain: The connection between gut microbiota composition and multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 360:577700. [PMID: 34482269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota composition may affect the central nervous system (CNS) and immune function. Several studies have recently examined the possible link between gut microbiota composition and multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Most of these studies agree that patients with MS suffer from dysbiosis. Moreover, an altered proportion of certain phyla of bacteria was detected in the digestive tracts of these patients compared to healthy individuals. This review article gathers information from research papers that have examined the relationship between gut microbiota composition and MS and its possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elmira Agah
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Kozhieva M, Naumova N, Alikina T, Boyko A, Vlassov V, Kabilov MR. The Core of Gut Life: Firmicutes Profile in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010055. [PMID: 33466726 PMCID: PMC7828771 DOI: 10.3390/life11010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence rate has been increasing in Russia, but the information about the gut bacteriobiome in the MS-afflicted patients is scarce. Using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we aimed to analyze the Firmicutes phylum and its taxa in a cohort of Moscow patients with relapsing-remitting MS, assessing the effects of age, BMI, disease modifying therapy (DMT), disability (EDSS), and gender. Among 1252 identified bacterial OTUs, 857 represented Firmicutes. The phylum was the most abundant also in sequence reads, overall averaging 74 ± 13%. The general linear model (GLM) analysis implicated Firmicutes/Clostridia/Clostridiales/Lachospiraceae/Blautia/Blautia wexlerae as increasing with BMI, and only Lachospiraceae/Blautia/Blautia wexlerae as increasing with age. A marked DMT-related decrease in Firmicutes was observed in females at the phylum, class (Clostridia), and order (Clostridiales) levels. The results of our study implicate DMT and gender as factors shaping the fecal Firmicutes assemblages. Together with the gender-dependent differential MS incidence growth rate in the country, the results suggest the likely involvement of gender-specific pathoecological mechanisms underlying the occurrence of the disease, switching between its phenotypes and response to disease-modifying therapies. Overall, the presented profile of Firmicutes can be used as a reference for more detailed research aimed at elucidating the contribution of this core phylum and its lower taxa into the etiology and progression of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madina Kozhieva
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics of the Pirogov Medical University, 117513 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia Naumova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.A.); (V.V.); (M.R.K.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Tatiana Alikina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.A.); (V.V.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Alexey Boyko
- Department of Neuroimmunology of the Federal Center of CVPI, 117513 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Valentin Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.A.); (V.V.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Marsel R. Kabilov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.A.); (V.V.); (M.R.K.)
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11
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Lu XY, Han B, Deng X, Deng SY, Zhang YY, Shen PX, Hui T, Chen RH, Li X, Zhang Y. Pomegranate peel extract ameliorates the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via modulation of gut microbiota. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1857515. [PMID: 33382357 PMCID: PMC7751635 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1857515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a CNS autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination and inflammatory infiltration with a high disability rate. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the importance of gut microbiota as an environmental risk factor in MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Diet is the main determinant of gut microbiota composition and function, which greatly affects the shaping of microbial structure. Pomegranate peel, a waste product in the production of juice, is rich in health-promoting compounds. However, its individual constituents, immunoregulatory activities, and action associated with bacterial diversity in the gut microbiota are largely unknown. Here, the main nutrient ingredients of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) were identified as phenols, flavonoids, amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, lipids, nucleotides, organic acids, alcohols, and vitamins via metabolomics evaluation. We found, for the first time, oral PPE (100 mg/kg/day) not only effectively relieves EAE, inhibits CNS inflammatory factor infiltration and myelin loss, but also reshapes gut microbiota. Furthermore, recipient EAE mice with fecal transplantation from the PPE-treated donor delayed the disease development significantly. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed the increased gut microbiota richness in PPE-treated group. Among them, Lactobacillaceae enriched significantly, while Alcaligenaceae and Acidaminococcacea decreased remarkably. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that gut microbiota mediated the beneficial effects of oral PPE on EAE, and provided new ideas for developing the prebiotic value of pomegranate peel for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Medical Technology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Si-Ying Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pei-Xin Shen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Teng Hui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui-Heng Chen
- The High School Affiliated to Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,CONTACT Yuan Zhang National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710119, China
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Kadowaki A, Quintana FJ. The Gut-CNS Axis in Multiple Sclerosis. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:622-634. [PMID: 32650957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the CNS driven by the inflammatory activity of peripheral immune cells recruited to the CNS and by CNS-resident glial cells. MS pathogenesis has been linked to both genetic and environmental factors. In addition, the commensal flora have been shown to modulate immune processes relevant to MS pathogenesis. We discuss the effects of the gut microbiota on T cells and glial cells, and their relevance for the control of inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS. A better understanding of the gut-CNS axis will shed new light on the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, and may help to guide the development of efficacious therapies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kadowaki
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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13
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Sauma S, Casaccia P. Gut-brain communication in demyelinating disorders. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 62:92-101. [PMID: 32066076 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder resulting from the interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental variables, including gut microbiota, diet and life style factors. Here, we first discuss the evidence supporting the effect of early life events, diet and body mass index on the composition of the microbiota, and then review studies on gut dysbiosis conducted in MS patients and in animal models. We address the effect of disease, immunomodulatory therapies, diet and probiotics on enrichment or depletion of gut microbial species. Finally, we discuss the ability of gut bacteria to produce toxins and metabolites which serve as signals for the cross-talk between the gut and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Sauma
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Program in Biochemistry The Graduate Center at The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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