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Scaglione E, Sateriale D, Mantova G, Di Rosario M, Continisio L, Vitiello M, Pagliarulo C, Colicchio R, Pagliuca C, Salvatore P. Antimicrobial efficacy of Punica granatum Lythraceae peel extract against pathogens belonging to the ESKAPE group. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1383027. [PMID: 38711969 PMCID: PMC11070501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The improper use and abuse of antibiotics have led to an increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria resulting in a failure of standard antibiotic therapies. To date, this phenomenon represents a leading public health threat of the 21st century which requires alternative strategies to fight infections such as the identification of new molecules active against MDR strains. In the last 20 years, natural extracts with biological activities attracted scientific interest. Following the One Health Approach, natural by-products represent a sustainable and promising alternative solution. Consistently, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hydro-alcoholic pomegranate peel extract (PPE) against MDR microorganisms belonging to Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. "ESKAPE" group pathogens. Through semiquantitative and quantitative methods, the PPE showed effective antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative MDR bacteria. The kinetics of bactericidal action of PPE highlighted that microbial death was achieved in a time- and dose-dependent manner. High concentrations of PPE exhibited antioxidant activity, providing a protective effect on cellular systems and red blood cell membranes. Finally, we report, for the first time, a significant intracellular antibacterial property of PPE as highlighted by its bactericidal action against the staphylococcal reference strain and its bacteriostatic effect against clinical resistant strain in the HeLa cell line. In conclusion, due to its characterized content of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity strength, the PPE could be considered as a therapeutic agent alone or in conjunction with standard antibiotics against challenging infections caused by ESKAPE pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Scaglione
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Sateriale
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mantova
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Di Rosario
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Continisio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Vitiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Pagliarulo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Roberta Colicchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Imbabi TA, El-Sayed AIM, Radwan AA, Osman A, Abdel-Samad AM. Prevention of aflatoxin B1 toxicity by pomegranate peel extract and its effects on growth, blood biochemical changes, oxidative stress and histopathological alterations. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:174-184. [PMID: 37635392 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of animal feeds with mycotoxins is one of the most serious issues in the world of animal nutrition. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) versus oxytetracycline (OXY) in reducing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxicity in rabbits fed contaminated diets. This experiment was done on 48 weaned NZW, four groups (n = 12). The first (AF) served as the control group feed on an infected diet by AFB1 between 0.02 and 0.03 mg/kg BW; second (AF + OXY) received an infected diet by AFB1 and was treated with OXY 200 mg/kg BW/day; third (AF + PPE) received an infected diet by AFB1 and treated with PPE 130 mg/kg BW/day; fourth (AF + OXY + PPE) received an infected diet by AFB1 and treated with a daily oral dose of 100 mg/kg BW/day of OXY + PPE (65 mg/kg BW/day), the experiment lasted for 8 weeks experiment. The treated group with PPE and its combination with OXY concurrent with AF showed amelioration markedly for liver and kidney function. To summarise, adding PPE and combining it with OXY at a half dose to an AFB1-contaminated diet can help minimise the harmful effects of AFB1 on rabbit performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharwat A Imbabi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed A Radwan
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ali Osman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Abdel-Samad
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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3
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Jebur AB, El-Sayed RA, Abdel-Daim MM, El-Demerdash FM. Punica granatum (Pomegranate) Peel Extract Pre-Treatment Alleviates Fenpropathrin-Induced Testicular Injury via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Adult Male Rats. Toxics 2023; 11:504. [PMID: 37368604 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Fenpropathrin (FNP) is one of the commonly used insecticides in agriculture and domestically, leading to environmental and health problems. The goal of the current investigation was to determine how well pomegranate peel extract (PGPE) could prevent the testicular toxicity and oxidative stress induced by FNP. Four groups of male Wistar rats were randomly assigned: negative control (corn oil), PGPE (500 mg/kg BW), positive control (FNP; 15 mg/kg BW, 1/15 LD50), and PGPE + FNP. For four weeks, the rats received their doses daily and orally via gavage. The major phytochemical components (total phenolic, flavonoids, and tannins contents) detected in PGPE by GC-MS included ellagic acid, hydroxymethylfurfurole, guanosine, and pyrogallol with high total phenolic, flavonoids, and tannin contents. FNP-treated rats showed a marked elevation in testicular levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, and protein carbonyl content, as well as the activity of aminotransferases and phosphatases. Meanwhile. a significant decline in body weight, gonadosomatic index, glutathione, protein contents, enzymatic antioxidants, and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β HSD, and 17β HSD) activity was observed. In addition, significant alterations in testicular P53, Cas-3, Bcl-2, IL-β, IL-10, testosterone, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, and sperm quality were detected. Furthermore, biochemical and molecular changes were corroborated testicular histological abnormalities. Moreover, PGPE-pretreated FNP-intoxicated rats demonstrated considerable improvement in the majority of the studied parameters, when compared to FNP-treated groups. Conclusively, PGPE provided a potent protective effect against the testicular toxicity caused by FNP, due to its antioxidant-active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali B Jebur
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, Kerbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Raghda A El-Sayed
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, 163 Horreya Avenue, P.O. Box 832, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Fatma M El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, 163 Horreya Avenue, P.O. Box 832, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
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Elbakry MMM, ElBakary NM, Hagag SA, Hemida EHA. Pomegranate Peel Extract Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Ionizing Radiation, Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits MAPK, JAK/STAT3, β-Catenin/NOTCH, and SOCS3 Signaling. Integr Cancer Ther 2023; 22:15347354221151021. [PMID: 36710483 PMCID: PMC9893067 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221151021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor resistance is typically blamed for the failure of radiotherapy and chemotherapy to treat cancer in clinic patients. To improve the cytotoxicity of tumor cells using radiation in conjunction with specific tumor-selective cytotoxic drugs is crucial. Pomegranate has received overwhelmingly positive feedback as a highly nutritious food for enhancing health and treating a variety of ailments. In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects as well as mechanism of action of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and/or γ-radiation (6-Gy) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines HepG2. The findings of this study showed that PPE treatment of HepG2 cells considerably slowed the proliferation of cancer cells, and its combination with γ-irradiation potentiated this action. As a key player in tumor proliferation, and inflammatory cascade induction, the down-regulation of STAT3 following treatment of irradiated and non-irradiated HepG2 cells with PPE as recorded in the present work resulted in reduction of tumor growth, via modulating inflammatory response manifested by (down-regulation of TLR4 expression and NFKB level), suppressing survival markers expressed by reduction of JAK, NOTCH1, β-catenin, SOCS3, and enhancing apoptosis (induction of tumor PPAR-γ and caspase-3) followed by changes in redox tone (expressed by increase in Nrf-2, SOD and catalase activities, and decrease in MDA concentration). In conclusion, PPE might possess a considerable therapeutic potential against HCC in addition to its capability to enhance response of HepG2 cells to gamma radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nermeen M. ElBakary
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt,Nermeen M. ElBakary, Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic-Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed Elzomoor St., Elzohoor Dist., Nasr City, P.O. Box 8029, Cairo 11765, Egypt.
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Dundar AN, Uzuner K, Parlak ME, Sahin OI, Saricaoglu FT, Simsek S. Enhanced Functionality and Bio-Accessibility of Composite Pomegranate Peel Extract-Enriched "Boba Balls". Foods 2022; 11. [PMID: 36496593 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
“Boba balls” or pearls have recently gained popularity for beverages or food toppings. “Boba balls” could be developed into functional foods by the encapsulation of bioactive compounds. In this study, gelatin/sodium alginate composite “Boba balls” enriched with pomegranate peel extract (PPE) at different concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3%) were prepared. They were characterized in terms of physical, rheological, textural, morphological, and sensory properties, as well as in vitro digestion, bio-accessibility, and release kinetic of PPE. Adding PPE improved the “Boba” mix’s viscoelasticity and decreased the “Boba balls”’ hardness. The increasing PPE ratio significantly (p < 0.05) increased the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. The addition of PPE preserved the spherical shape of the “Boba balls”, and as the PPE ratio increased, new junction zones were observed in SEM images. The in vitro digestibility of PPE was significantly (p < 0.05) improved by preserving PPE from the mouth and gastric medium, and “Boba balls” showed the highest release and bio-accessibility in the intestinal medium. Consequently, PPE as a by-product could be successfully used at 2% concentration for enhancing the functionality and bio-accessibility of “Boba balls” without affecting sensory properties.
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Dai L, Li R, Liang Y, Liu Y, Zhang W, Shi S. Development of Pomegranate Peel Extract and Nano ZnO Co-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Film for Active Food Packaging. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:1108. [PMID: 36363663 PMCID: PMC9694470 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional packaging used for fresh food, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial packaging, can reduce food waste. In this work, a polylactic acid (PLA)-based composite film with antioxidant and antibacterial properties was prepared by using nano-zinc oxide (ZnONPs) and pomegranate peel extract (PEE) via the solvent-casting method. Different amounts of PEE (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 wt%) and 3 wt% ZnONPs were added to PLA to produce the active films. The results of various characterizations (SEM, XRD, etc.) showed that ZnONPs and PEE were uniformly dispersed in PLA film. Compared to PLA films, the PLA/ZnONPs/PEE films showed an increased UV barrier, water vapor permeability and elongation at break, and decreased transparency and tensile strength. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the composite film was evaluated based on DPPH and ABTS. The maximum DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities of PLA/ZnONPs/PEE were 96.2 ± 0.8% and 93.1 ± 0.5%. After 24 h, PLA/ZnONPs/PEE composite film inhibited 1.4 ± 0.05 Log CFU/mL of S. aureus and 8.2 ± 0.35 Log CFU/mL of E. coli, compared with the blank group. The results showed that PLA/ZnONPs/PEE composite film had good antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Therefore, the composite film showed great potential for food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Department of Biological Engineering, Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Runli Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yanmin Liang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yingsha Liu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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7
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Monika P, Chandraprabha MN, Hari Krishna R, Vittal M, Likhitha C, Pooja N, Chaudhary V, C M. Recent advances in pomegranate peel extract mediated nanoparticles for clinical and biomedical applications. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-29. [PMID: 36117472 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2122299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Manufacturing new materials at the nanoscale level is a field that is rapidly expanding with widespread application in advanced science and MMT is effectively used for the technology. Nanoparticles (NP), the building blocks of nanotechnology, exhibit improved properties than the larger counterparts and can be prepared from a variety of metals, including silver, copper, gold, zinc, and others. Phytonanotechnology is gaining major attention as various clinical researches have focused on the excellent properties (physicochemical and biological) of nanoscale phytochemicals and its applications in biological systems. In recent developments, pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has gained major attention due to the phenolic compounds like apigenin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, cyanidin, ellagic acid, gallic acid, granatin A, granatin B, pelargonidin, punicalagin, punicalin and quercetin found in its peel. Pomegranate Peel Extract (PPE) that aid the synthesis of PPE mediated nanoparticles (PPE-MNPs) like PPE-MAuNPs, PPE-MAgNPs, PPE-MZnONPs, PPE-MCuNPs, PPE-MPtNPs and PPE-MFeNPs has yielded plethora of beneficial properties in both plants and humans. In the current review, we discuss in detail the recent advances in synthesis and characterization of various nanoparticles from PPE. Moreover, the multitude biological properties of PPE-MNPs make up the long list of clinical uses. In addition, we discuss the pharmacokinetics, current advantages, and limitations of PPE-MNPs which can further help in development of more efficient therapeutics. Despite some of the challenges, PPE-MNPs hold a lot of potential for drug delivery and are always a better choice. The convergence of science and engineering has created new hopes, in which phytomedicines will have more efficacy, bioavailability, and less toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Monika
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - M N Chandraprabha
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
- Center for Bio and Energy Materials Innovation, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - R Hari Krishna
- Center for Bio and Energy Materials Innovation, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
- Department of Chemistry, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Maanya Vittal
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - C Likhitha
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - N Pooja
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell and Department of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjunatha C
- Department of Chemistry, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
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Ghnimi H, Karoui R, Attia H, Chénè C, Ennouri M. Use of front face fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis for monitoring biscuits' quality during aging. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:4380-4393. [PMID: 36514760 PMCID: PMC9731564 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the potentiality of front face fluorescence spectroscopy (FFFS) for the evaluation of the quality of biscuits manufactured with butylated hydroxytoluene and pomegranate peel extract during aging was investigated. By using the principal component analysis, vitamin A and tryptophan spectra allowed a clear discrimination between biscuit samples according to the nature of antioxidants, while fluorescent Maillard reaction products spectra showed clear differentiation between samples according to the storage time. Clear differentiation between biscuits according to the used antioxidants and storage time was achieved by using common components and specific weights analysis. Using partial least-squares regression, excellent prediction of water activity (R 2 = 0.95), and L* values (R 2 = 0.92), and approximate prediction of hardness (R 2 = 0.78), b* values (R 2 = 0.74), and moisture content (R 2 = 0.74) were shown. However, the FFFS failed to predict a* values, primary and secondary oxidation products (R 2 < 0.6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayet Ghnimi
- University Artois,University Lille, University Littoral Côte d'Opale, University Picardie Jules Verne, University de Liège, INRAE, Junia, UMR‐ T 1158, BioEcoAgroLensFrance,University Monastir, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirMonastirTunisia,University Sfax, LR11ES45, National Engineering School of SfaxSfaxTunisia
| | - Romdhane Karoui
- University Artois,University Lille, University Littoral Côte d'Opale, University Picardie Jules Verne, University de Liège, INRAE, Junia, UMR‐ T 1158, BioEcoAgroLensFrance
| | - Hamadi Attia
- University Sfax, LR11ES45, National Engineering School of SfaxSfaxTunisia
| | | | - Monia Ennouri
- University Sfax, LR16IO01, Olive Tree InstituteSfaxTunisia
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Xiang Q, Li M, Wen J, Ren F, Yang Z, Jiang X, Chen Y. The bioactivity and applications of pomegranate peel extract: A review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14105. [PMID: 35128669 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate peel (PP) is a by-product in the processing of pomegranate products, which is usually discarded as a waste. However, a large number of researches have shown that pomegranate peel extract (PPE) is rich in a variety of phenolic substances, among which ellagic acid (EA), as one of the main active components, has significant biological activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, anti-viral, and anti-bacterial. We analyzed the mechanism of EA's biological activity, and discussed its application in the food industry, for instance, food preservation, food additives, and functional foods. Combined with the research status of PPE, we discussed the limitations and development potential of PPE, in order to provide theoretical reference and scientific basis for the development and utilization of pomegranate by-products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Pomegranate peel (PP), the inedible part of the fruit, is usually treated as waste. In recent years, researchers have been committed to exploring various bioactive ingredients in PP and exploring its potential benefits to human health, which has far-reaching significance. In this paper, the chemical constituents of polyphenols in PP were reviewed, mainly focusing on the biological activity and mechanism of ellagic acid (EA). We reviewed the applications and invention patents of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) in food field, including food preservation, food additive, and functional foods, providing reference for the recycling and reuse of PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Xiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayu Wen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fajian Ren
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyue Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Dab H, Chehidi A, Tlili M, Ben Saad A, Khabir A, Zourgui L. Cardiac extracellular matrix modulation in a rat-diabetic model: biochemical and anti-oxidant beneficial effect of pomegranate ( Punica granatum) peel extract. Biomarkers 2021; 27:50-59. [PMID: 34766858 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.2006312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Disorders associated with diabetes and the beneficial effects of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) were widely reported. However effect of diabetes and PPE on extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling needs further investigation. OBJECTIVES The focus of this study was to investigate the involvement of diabetes in cardiac ECM and the beneficial effects of PPE. METHODS Diabetes was induced by alloxan. PPE group was injected with 100 mg/kg of PPE. The phenolic profile of PPE was analyzed by HPLC. ECM was detected by ELISA. MMP-1, -8, -13 were determined by a colorimetric assay. RESULTS Compared to control fibronectin and laminin plasma content was higher respectively by 69% and 42% (p < 0.05) in diabetes. LV content of hydroxyproline and total collagen was higher by 195% (p < 0.01) and 56% (p < 0.05) in the diabetic group compared to control and restored at a similar level to controls in the PPE group. Compared to control, collagenase activity was significantly reduced by 32% (p < 0.05) and 35% (p < 0.05) respectively in ALX and PPF groups. There is no significant difference in collagenase activities in diabetic rats after and before PPE injection. CONCLUSION Diabetes is involved in cardiac ECM remodelling which can be improved by PPE. These findings will be useful for more understanding diabetes-induced cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houcine Dab
- Research Unit of "Valorization of Active Biomolecules", Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Amel Chehidi
- Research Unit of "Valorization of Active Biomolecules", Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Mounira Tlili
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Anwar Ben Saad
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Research of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Abdelmajid Khabir
- Department of Pathology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Lazhar Zourgui
- Research Unit of "Valorization of Active Biomolecules", Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
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Kumar N, Pratibha, Trajkovska Petkoska A, Khojah E, Sami R, Al-Mushhin AAM. Chitosan Edible Films Enhanced with Pomegranate Peel Extract: Study on Physical, Biological, Thermal, and Barrier Properties. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:3305. [PMID: 34203852 PMCID: PMC8232757 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, pomegranate peel extract was used as a reinforcing agent in developing chitosan-based edible film. Different concentrations (0.2 g/mL, 0.4 g/mL, 0.6 g/mL, 0.8 g/mL, and 1.0 g/mL) of pomegranate peel extract were incorporated in chitosan-based edible film. A neat chitosan film was used as a control. This work covers the effect of pomegranate peel extract on the physical, biological, mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of enriched chitosan-based edible film. The results showed that the thickness (0.142-0.159 mm), tensile strength (32.45-35.23 MPa), moisture (11.23-15.28%), opacity (0.039-0.061%), water (1.32-1.60 g·mm/m2), gas barrier properties (93.81-103.45 meq/kg), phenolic content (5.75-32.41 mg/g), and antioxidant activity (23.13-76.54%) of the films increased with increasing volume fraction of pomegranate peel extract. A higher concentration of incorporated pomegranate peel extracts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the thermal stability of the film, along with its transparency, solubility, swelling, and color. This work revealed that the incorporation of a higher portion of pomegranate peel extract in chitosan film holds significant (p < 0.05) potential for the increase in biological activities of such films in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial behavior. The properties of pomegranate peel extract-enriched chitosan films could be an excellent cure for free radicals, whereas they could also inhibit the growth of the foodborne pathogens during the processing and preservation of the food. Further studies are needed for the application of pomegranate peel extract-enriched edible films on food products such as fruits and vegetables in order to extend their storage life and improve the quality and safety of preserved food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Kumar
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Kundli 131028, India
| | - Pratibha
- Department of Food Business Management and Entrepreneurship Development, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Kundli 131028, India;
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Anka Trajkovska Petkoska
- Faculty of Technology and Technical Sciences, St. Kliment Ohridski University-Bitola, Dimitar Vlahov, 1400 Veles, Republic of North Macedonia;
| | - Ebtihal Khojah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rokayya Sami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
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12
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Karim S, Alkreathy HM, Ahmad A, Khan MI. Effects of Methanolic Extract Based-Gel From Saudi Pomegranate Peels With Enhanced Healing Potential on Excision Wounds in Diabetic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:704503. [PMID: 34122120 PMCID: PMC8194859 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.704503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Current study was designed to evaluate the wound healing activity of a Saudi pomegranate peel extract on excision wound healing in experimentally induced diabetes in rats. Methodology: Animals were divided into three groups: diabetic excision wound with no treatment, diabetic excision wound with gel alone and diabetic excision wound with Saudi pomegranate peel extract in gel. Animals were monitored for clinical signs, weekly body weight, morbidity and mortality during entire study period. The efficacy parameters evaluated were percent wound contraction, Hydroxyproline content, estimation of Transforming Growth Factor ß1 (TGF-ß1), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) in wound lysates by ELISA, mRNA expression of TGF-ß1, VEGF, and EGF in wound lysates by qPCR, Estimation of nitric oxide (NO) and NO synthase (NOS) in Wound Lysates and histopathology of skin for reepithelization, neovascularization, and inflammation. Results: The Saudi pomegranate peel extract in gel (5.0 g extract per 100 g gel) showed significant wound healing activity when compared to the vehicle control [p < 0.05] following 21 days of treatment. Animals in the control and treatment groups were apparently normal through the study with no significant differences in body weights between groups. Expression of mRNA of TGFβ1, EGF and VEGF in wounds was the highest on day 14 post treatment 4.3, 3.5 and 0.9 fold higher respectively in the treatment group when compared to vehicle control, and on day 21, the values were 0.12, 0.3 and 0.83, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed in TGF-ß1 levels in wounds on days 4, 7, 14 and 21 post treatment when compared to the vehicle control (p > 0.05). Significantly higher levels of VEGF were observed in treatment group on day 7 and 21 when compared to vehicle control (p < 0.05). Significantly higher levels of EGF were observed in treatment group on day 7 and 21 when compared to vehicle control (p < 0.05). Mean hydroxyproline levels were higher in treatment group on days 4 and 7 when compared to vehicle control. NO levels in treatment group were significantly lower on days 7, 14 and 21 when compared to vehicle control (p < 0.05). NOS activity in treatment group were significantly lower on days 4 and 7 when compared to vehicle control (p < 0.05). Histopathological changes in skin wound in the treatment group were consistent with wound healing when compared to the vehicle group. Conclusion: This study's findings suggest that topical application of SPPE gel effectively enhanced wound healing in experimentally induced diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Karim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda M Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Health Information Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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13
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Pangallo S, Li Destri Nicosia MG, Scibetta S, Strano MC, Cacciola SO, Belgacem I, Agosteo GE, Schena L. Preharvest and Postharvest Applications of a Pomegranate Peel Extract to Control Citrus Fruit Decay During Storage and Shelf Life. Plant Dis 2021; 105:1013-1018. [PMID: 33103964 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-20-0178-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Green and blue molds are the most important postharvest diseases affecting citrus in storage. These diseases are commonly controlled with fungicides, but legislative restrictions, consumer concerns, and the development of resistant strains of the pathogens have increasingly led to the search for alternative methods of control. A pomegranate peel extract (PGE) was very effective in controlling Valencia orange and clementine postharvest rot under commercial conditions. After cold storage and 7 days of shelf life, the incidence of decay on oranges sprayed before harvest with PGE at 12, 6, and 3 g/liter was reduced by 78.9, 76.0, and 64.6%, respectively. Similarly, postharvest dipping treatments with PGE reduced rot by 90.2, 84.3, and 77.6%, respectively. Comparable levels of protection were also achieved on clementines. On both oranges and clementines, the extract provided a significantly higher level of protection compared with imazalil, a fungicide commonly used for postharvest treatments. The high level of efficacy and the consistent results on different fruit species (clementines and oranges) and with different application methods (preharvest and postharvest) were evidence of reliability and flexibility. PGE also showed a strong antimicrobial activity against fungi and bacteria, suggesting its possible use in sanitizers to reduce the microbial contamination of recirculated water in packinghouses. The results of the present study encourage the integration of conventional chemical fungicides and sanitizers with PGE to control citrus postharvest rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Pangallo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Scibetta
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Maria C Strano
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, 95024 Acireale, Catania, Italy
| | - Santa O Cacciola
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Imen Belgacem
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanni E Agosteo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Leonardo Schena
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
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14
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Bagheri S, Khorramabadi RM, Assadollahi V, Khosravi P, Cheraghi Venol A, Veiskerami S, Ahmadvand H. The effects of pomegranate peel extract on the gene expressions of antioxidant enzymes in a rat model of alloxan-induced diabetes. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021:1-9. [PMID: 33524274 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1877308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of hydroalcoholic pomegranate peel extract (APE) in alloxan-induced diabetes rat models. We divided 60 rats into the following six equal groups (n = 10): Healthy control; diabetic control (100 mg/kg alloxan); sham + glibenclamide (10 mg/kg); diabetic + glibenclamide (10 mg/kg); sham + APE (200 mg/kg) and diabetic + APE (200 mg/kg). After 8 weeks, kidneys were taken out for biochemical and molecular studies. Following APE treatment, biochemical parameters including malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly induced in the treated group as compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Also, gene expression of GPx (3-fold), CAT (2.6-fold), and SOD (1.5-fold) were increased as compared to controls (p < 0.05). Overall, our results indicated that pomegranate can be used as an antioxidant agent to reduce complications from diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrokh Bagheri
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Vahideh Assadollahi
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Peyman Khosravi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Cheraghi Venol
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Saeed Veiskerami
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadvand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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15
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García P, Fredes C, Cea I, Lozano-Sánchez J, Leyva-Jiménez FJ, Robert P, Vergara C, Jimenez P. Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Peel Using Pressurized Liquid Extraction. Foods 2021; 10:203. [PMID: 33498325 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is a clean and environmentally friendly alternative for the recovery of bioactive compounds from fruit by-products. Herein we focused on PLE for the extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel using a combination of pressurized water and ethanol. The main aim was to determine the optimal PLE conditions, i.e., ethanol percentage and process temperature, to obtain a pomegranate peel extract (PPE) with maximum total phenolic content (TPC), punicalagin content, and antimicrobial activity (AMA). The experimental design was conducted using a central composite design with axial points. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the response variables using the desirability function. Multiple response optimization indicated a process temperature of 200 °C and ethanol of 77% as optimal conditions. The TPC and the punicalagin content of PPE-PLE obtained under optimal conditions were 164.3 ± 10.7 mg GAE/g DW and 17 ± 3.6 mg/g DW, respectively. Our findings support the efficacy of PLE on TPC recovery but not in punicalagin recovery. The AMA against S. aureus was 14 mm. The efficacy of PPE-PLE in food applications must continue to be studied in order to achieve adequate information on its potential for developing new food additives.
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16
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Silva TM, Bolzan TCA, Zanini MS, Alencar T, Rodrigues WD, Bastos KA, Severi JA, Resende JA, Villanova JCO. Development and Evaluation of a Novel Oral Mucoadhesive Ointment Containing Pomegranate Peel Extract as an Adjuvant for Oral Hygiene of Dogs. J Vet Dent 2020; 37:133-140. [PMID: 33234003 DOI: 10.1177/0898756420973470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herbal therapies are used worldwide to treat a variety of health conditions, including dental conditions in veterinary medicine. In this context, the use of medicinal plant-based formulations as potential therapeutics and preventatives in veterinary dentistry is worth highlighting. The objective of the present study was to develop a mucoadhesive ointment formulation, named orabase, that contained pomegranate extract for use in the oral cavity of dogs, with the aim of improving their oral hygiene. The hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate peels was incorporated into the orabase in 3 different concentrations. The formulations were subjected to in vitro microbiological testing by a modified disc-diffusion method to study the susceptibility of microorganisms collected from the oral cavities of the dogs. The samples were taken from the buccal mucosa of dogs having the same management and diet. The most effective formulation was submitted to physicochemical tests to evaluate the functionality of the product, namely pH, swelling index, spreadability, and mechanical properties (hardness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness). The formulation containing 25.0% w/w of the extract was considered most suitable for the intended use as it showed antiseptic activity and demonstrated a swelling index of approximately 35% in the first 20 minutes of the test, high spreadability, and suitable mechanical properties. The results suggest that the product obtained from pomegranate peel extract is a viable option for use to improve oral hygiene, helping to reduce the bacterial component of dental plaque in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais M Silva
- Laboratório de Produção Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde (CCENS), 28126Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Alto Universitário, sem número, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Thays C A Bolzan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Centro de Ciências Agrárias e de Engenharias (CCAE), 28126Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Alto Universitário, sem número, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Marcos S Zanini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Centro de Ciências Agrárias e de Engenharias (CCAE), 28126Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Alto Universitário, sem número, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Taiana Alencar
- Laboratório de Produção Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde (CCENS), 28126Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Alto Universitário, sem número, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Winner D Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Produção Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde (CCENS), 28126Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Alto Universitário, sem número, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Kamila A Bastos
- Laboratório de Produção Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde (CCENS), 28126Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Alto Universitário, sem número, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Severi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Centro de Ciências Agrárias e de Engenharias (CCAE), 28126Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Alto Universitário, sem número, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Resende
- Laboratório de Produção Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde (CCENS), 28126Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Alto Universitário, sem número, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Janaina C O Villanova
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), Centro de Ciências Agrárias e de Engenharias (CCAE), 28126Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Alto Universitário, sem número, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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17
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Lu XY, Han B, Deng X, Deng SY, Zhang YY, Shen PX, Hui T, Chen RH, Li X, Zhang Y. Pomegranate peel extract ameliorates the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via modulation of gut microbiota. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1857515. [PMID: 33382357 PMCID: PMC7751635 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1857515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a CNS autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination and inflammatory infiltration with a high disability rate. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the importance of gut microbiota as an environmental risk factor in MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Diet is the main determinant of gut microbiota composition and function, which greatly affects the shaping of microbial structure. Pomegranate peel, a waste product in the production of juice, is rich in health-promoting compounds. However, its individual constituents, immunoregulatory activities, and action associated with bacterial diversity in the gut microbiota are largely unknown. Here, the main nutrient ingredients of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) were identified as phenols, flavonoids, amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, lipids, nucleotides, organic acids, alcohols, and vitamins via metabolomics evaluation. We found, for the first time, oral PPE (100 mg/kg/day) not only effectively relieves EAE, inhibits CNS inflammatory factor infiltration and myelin loss, but also reshapes gut microbiota. Furthermore, recipient EAE mice with fecal transplantation from the PPE-treated donor delayed the disease development significantly. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed the increased gut microbiota richness in PPE-treated group. Among them, Lactobacillaceae enriched significantly, while Alcaligenaceae and Acidaminococcacea decreased remarkably. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that gut microbiota mediated the beneficial effects of oral PPE on EAE, and provided new ideas for developing the prebiotic value of pomegranate peel for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Medical Technology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Si-Ying Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pei-Xin Shen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Teng Hui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui-Heng Chen
- The High School Affiliated to Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,CONTACT Yuan Zhang National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710119, China
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18
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El‐Hadary AE, Taha M. Pomegranate peel methanolic-extract improves the shelf-life of edible-oils under accelerated oxidation conditions. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1798-1811. [PMID: 32328245 PMCID: PMC7174205 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants extracted from agri-waste resources have gained increased economic, sustainable, and health attention due to their sustainability, safer food-applications, and beneficial components. Pomegranate peel extracts (Punica Granatum L.) have natural phytochemicals with superior protective effects stabilizing a variety of the most common vegetable oils consumed globally. Among five different pomegranate peel extracts, methanolic extract has maximum total phenolic content of 18.89%, a total flavonoid content of 13.95 mg QE kg-1, and a relative antioxidant activity of 93% when compared to other pomegranate peel extracts. Additionally, the HPLC analysis of pomegranate peel methanolic extract exhibited the maximum number of phenolic and flavonoid fractions. HPLC fractions showed that pyrogallol and ellagic acids were the most abundant phenolic compounds with 453 and 126 mg kg-1, respectively. In terms of flavonoid fractions, hesperidine and quercetrin were the highest detected-flavonoids with about 50 and 35 mg kg-1, respectively, from HPLC flavonoids fractions. Therefore, pomegranate peel methanolic extract was selected at different concentrations (100, 200, 400, and 600 ppm) for the stabilizing experiment of Egyptian freshly refined edible oils (sunflower, soybean, and corn oils) in comparison with synthetic antioxidant (tert-butyl hydroquinone TBHQ-200 ppm) during accelerated storage at 70°C for 10 days. The results from the accelerated storage experiment indicated that pomegranate peel methanolic extract (at different concentrations: 200, 400, and 600 ppm) exhibited stronger antioxidant capability in all tested oils rather than negative controls (without antioxidant) and synthetic antioxidant TBHQ-200. Under accelerated oxidation conditions, pomegranate peel methanolic extract have the potential capability to improve the shelf life of edible oils in comparison with the most powerful synthetic antioxidant (TBHQ-200 ppm).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Taha
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of AgricultureBenha UniversityToukhEgypt
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and RemediationRMIT UniversityBundooraMelbourneVICAustralia
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Faddladdeen KAJ. Ameliorating effect of pomegranate peel extract supplement against type 1 diabetes-induced hepatic changes in the rat: biochemical, morphological and ultrastructural microscopic studies. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2020; 80:149-157. [PMID: 32207851 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2020.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus could result from disorders in insulin secretion or receptors mainly characterised by hyperglycaemia. Natural antioxidants including pomegranate are traditionally used as hypoglycaemic agents. The present research was designed to evaluate the possible therapeutic role of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) against type 1 diabetic-induced hepatic biochemical and histological alteration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats (n = 48) were sorted into four groups: G1: control group, G2: normal rats received PPE, G3: streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats, received IP STZ (55 mg/kg body weight), and G4: diabetic rats post-treated with PPE (200 mg/kg body weight/day). Effectiveness of PPE was assessed by measuring serum glucose, liver enzymes, and morphological features of liver tissue using light and electron microscopy. RESULTS Histological examination showed degenerative necrotic changes in diabetic rat liver which were improved by post-treatment with PPE. Biochemical results confirmed microscopic morphological and ultrastructural findings. CONCLUSIONS Pomegranate peel extract was found to have a moderate therapeutic effect against hepatic alterations in male rats. It could be advised for diabetic patients suffering from early alterations of liver functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A J Faddladdeen
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah.
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20
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Yağmur N, Şahin S. Encapsulation of ellagic acid from pomegranate peels in microalgae optimized by response surface methodology and an investigation of its controlled released under simulated gastrointestinal studies. J Food Sci 2020; 85:998-1006. [PMID: 32154918 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA), a naturally occurring bioactive phenolic compound largely found in pomegranate, exhibits significant health benefits due to its antioxidant, antimutagenic, and even anticancerogenic properties. The present work aimed to microencapsulate EA extracted from pomegranate peels. To improve the stability of EA, microencapsulation was applied with Spirulina as a coating material. For this purpose, ethanolic extracts obtained from pomegranate peels were used for microencapsulation. Response surface methodology combined with a three-level, three-variable Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to obtain optimum microencapsulation. The microparticles obtained under the optimized encapsulation conditions were further characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The results confirmed the encapsulation of EA in Spirulina cells. Then, the optimum microparticles were used in an in vitro release study. The results of the in vitro digestion with simulated gastrointestinal fluids could help to determine the content and biological activity of EA. In this study, the effect of encapsulation on the release properties of EA during simulated gastrointestinal digestion was also evaluated. HPLC-DAD analysis and the Folin-Ciocalteu and ABTS methods were helpful for characterization of EA in the simulated fluids. The release profile of EA indicated that in simulated intestinal fluid, the release was faster than that in gastric fluid. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study describes the microencapsulation of ethanolic extracts of pomegranate peel (PP) in Spirulina. This application has been performed to improve the stability and bioavailability of EA in the extracts. Optimum microencapsulation was obtained by response surface methodology with BBD. After the characterization of the obtained optimum Spirulina/EA mixture by FT-IR and SEM, an in vitro release study was conducted for stability research. The results will guide other researchers working on the determination of the content and biological activity of EA and on optimizing the microencapsulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Yağmur
- Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Saliha Şahin
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, University of Bursa Uludag, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
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Faddladdeen KA, Ojaimi AA. Protective Effect of Pomegranate ( Punica granatum) Extract against Diabetic Changes in Adult Male Rat Liver: Histological Study. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2019; 7:165-170. [PMID: 31803570 PMCID: PMC6880321 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus could be result from disorders in insulin secretion or receptors, characterized by hyperglycemia. Natural antioxidants including pomegranate have hypoglycemic effect. AIM OF THE WORK The present research was designed to evaluate the possible protective role of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) against diabetic-induced hepatic complication. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight male Wistar rats, weighed 200-250 g and aged 3 months, were sorted into four groups: Group 1: Used as control, Group 2: Normal rats received PPE (200 mg/kg bw/day) given orally for 11 consecutive weeks. Group 3: Streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats, injected with 55 mg/kg bw of STZ, and Group 4: Normal rats received PPE for 11 weeks and then rats were injected with STZ (55 mg/kg/bw). Effectiveness of the PPE was assessed by measuring serum glucose and histopathology of liver tissue. Liver enzymes were also assayed. PPE was found to control diabetic hyperglycemia and decrease in body weight. Histological examination showed that pretreatment with PPE provided preservation against diabetes-induced hepatic histological changes (necrotic and apoptosis). RESULT Alanine aminotransferase, alanine phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly elevated in Group 3 diabetics and decreased in Group 4 which confirmed histological finding. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the hypothesized possible protective effect of PPE against diabetic-induced histological and functional alteration of rat liver and advised its use by diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija A. Faddladdeen
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Ahlam Abdulaziz Ojaimi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
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Habibipour R, Moradi-Haghgou L, Farmany A. Green synthesis of AgNPs@PPE and its Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation activity compared to pomegranate peel extract. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6891-6899. [PMID: 31695365 PMCID: PMC6718057 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s209912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteria are able to form biofilm on the biotic and abiotic surfaces which helps to protect themselves from deleterious conditions, predation, desiccation, and exposure to antibacterial substances. About 80% of bacterial infections are caused by those bacteria living in the biofilm. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative, non-fermentative bacillus, and the ubiquitous bacterium is an important opportunistic pathogen notorious for biofilm formation and is remarkably resistant against most antibiotics multiple front-line antibiotics, which significantly contributes to eradication failure. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the anti-biofilm formation activity of Ag@PPEs gainst P. aeruginosa bacteria. Methods An aqueous extract of black pomegranate peel was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@PPE). The characteristics, anti-biofilm formation and cell toxicity of AgNPs@PPE were examined in vitro. Results Absorbance at λmax 372 nm which is related to the surface plasmon resonance, confirms the AgNPs@PPE formation. XRD pattern showed the face-centered qubic (fcc) crystalline structure of AgNPs. TEM images showed that spherical AgNPs size is ranged between 32 and 85 nm. The AgNPs@PPE showed inhibition effect against P. aeruginosa biofilm formation at 0.1 to 0.5 mg/ml concentrations. Cell toxicity assay showed that at 400 µg/ml, AgNPs@PPE were safe without a significant toxicity in L929 cell line. Conclusion These data indicate that co-treatment of PPE and AgNPs@PPE significantly decreased the biofilm formation rate. Furthermore, no significant toxicity of AgNPs@PPE was shown against L929 cell line at 400 µg/ml concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Habibipour
- Department of Microbiology, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Leila Moradi-Haghgou
- Department of Microbiology, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Abbas Farmany
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Sadhasivam S, Shapiro OH, Ziv C, Barda O, Zakin V, Sionov E. Synergistic Inhibition of Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxin Production by Combination of Pomegranate Peel Extract and Azole Fungicide. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1919. [PMID: 31481948 PMCID: PMC6710344 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal plant pathogens cause considerable losses in yield and quality of field crops worldwide. In addition, under specific environmental conditions, many fungi, including such as some Fusarium and Aspergillus spp., are further able to produce mycotoxins while colonizing their host, which accumulate in human and animal tissues, posing a serious threat to consumer health. Extensive use of azole fungicides in crop protection stimulated the emergence of acquired azole resistance in some plant and human fungal pathogens. Combination treatments, which become popular in clinical practice, offer an alternative strategy for managing potentially resistant toxigenic fungi and reducing the required dosage of specific drugs. In the current study we tested the effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on the growth and toxin production of the mycotoxigenic fungi Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium proliferatum, both alone and in combination with the azole fungicide prochloraz (PRZ). Using time-lapse microscopy and quantitative image analysis we demonstrate significant delay of conidial germination and hyphal elongation rate in both fungi following PPE treatment in combination with PRZ. Moreover, PPE treatment reduced aflatoxin production by A. flavus up to 97%, while a combined treatment with sub-inhibitory doses of PPE and PRZ resulted in complete inhibition of toxin production over a 72 h treatment. These findings were supported by qRT-PCR analysis, showing down-regulation of key genes involved in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway under combined PPE/PRZ treatment al low concentrations. Our results provide first evidence for synergistic effects between the commercial drug PRZ and natural compound PPE. Future application of these findings may allow to reduce the required dosage of PRZ, and possibly additional azole drugs, to inhibit mycotoxigenic fungi, ultimately reducing potential concerns over exposure to high doses of these potentially harmful fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharsan Sadhasivam
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Orr H. Shapiro
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Omer Barda
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Varda Zakin
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Edward Sionov
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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George NS, Cheung L, Luthria DL, Santin M, Dawson HD, Bhagwat AA, Smith AD. Pomegranate peel extract alters the microbiome in mice and dysbiosis caused by Citrobacter rodentium infection. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2565-2576. [PMID: 31428344 PMCID: PMC6694437 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of mice with a pomegranate peel extract (PPX) decreased the pathogenicity of Citrobacter rodentium (Cr) infections. Here, we investigate the effects of PPX on the microbiome of uninfected or Cr-infected C3H/HeNCr mice by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Mice were treated with water or PPX for 14 days, feces were collected, and then, the mice were infected with Cr and feces collected again at day 6 postinfection. DNA was isolated from the fecal samples and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine the microbial composition. Differences in the composition of the microbiome were observed for untreated and PPX-treated mice with PPX mice having decreased diversity. PPX treatment decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio by increasing Bacteroidetes and decreasing Firmicutes levels. The decrease in Firmicutes was driven by a large reduction in Lactobacillus. PPX treatment increased the abundance of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiae and decreased Actinobacteria. The relative abundance of Cr reached 22% in water-treated but only 5% in PPX-treated infected mice. These results suggest that consumption of pomegranate polyphenols altered the microbiome, making it more resistant to displacement by infection with Cr, indicating that pomegranate polyphenols may mitigate the pathogenic effects of food-borne bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja S. George
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety LabBeltsville Agricultural Research CenterAgricultural Research Service, Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMaryland
| | - Lumei Cheung
- Diet Genomics and Immunology LabBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research Service, Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMaryland
| | - Devanand L. Luthria
- Composition Methods Development LabBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research Service, Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMaryland
| | - Monica Santin
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety LabBeltsville Agricultural Research CenterAgricultural Research Service, Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMaryland
| | - Harry D. Dawson
- Diet Genomics and Immunology LabBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research Service, Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMaryland
| | - Arvind A. Bhagwat
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety LabBeltsville Agricultural Research CenterAgricultural Research Service, Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMaryland
- Present address:
Central Chinmaya Mission TrustPowaiMumbaiIndia
| | - Allen D. Smith
- Diet Genomics and Immunology LabBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research Service, Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMaryland
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Belgacem I, Pangallo S, Abdelfattah A, Romeo FV, Cacciola SO, Li Destri Nicosia MG, Ballistreri G, Schena L. Transcriptomic Analysis of Orange Fruit Treated with Pomegranate Peel Extract (PGE). Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:E101. [PMID: 30999604 DOI: 10.3390/plants8040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A Pomegranate Peel Extract (PGE) has been proposed as a natural antifungal substance with a wide range of activity against plant diseases. Previous studies showed that the extract has a direct antimicrobial activity and can elicit resistance responses in plant host tissues. In the present study, the transcriptomic response of orange fruit toward PGE treatments was evaluated. RNA-seq analyses, conducted on wounded fruits 0, 6, and 24 h after PGE applications, showed a significantly different transcriptome in treated oranges as compared to control samples. The majority (273) of the deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highly up-regulated compared to only 8 genes that were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed the involvement of 1233 gene ontology (GO) terms and 35 KEGG metabolic pathways. Among these, important defense pathways were induced and antibiotic biosynthesis was the most enriched one. These findings may explain the underlying preventive and curative activity of PGE against plant diseases.
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26
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Fink R, Kulaš S, Oder M. Efficacy of sodium dodecyl sulphate and natural extracts against E. coli biofilm. Int J Environ Health Res 2018; 28:306-314. [PMID: 29719973 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1470230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the efficacy of a standard cleaning agent, sodium dodecyl sulphate, and natural extracts from pomegranate peel grape skin and bay laurel leaf against E. coli biofilm. The biofilm was exposed for 10 minutes to three different concentrations of each tested compound. The results show that bay laurel leaf extract is the most efficient with 43% biofilm biomass reduction, followed by pomegranate peel extract (35%); sodium dodecyl sulphate and grape skin extract each have 30% efficacy. Our study demonstrated that natural extracts from selected plants have the same or even better efficacy against E. coli biofilm removal from surfaces than the tested classical cleaning agent do. All this indicates that natural plant extracts, which are acceptable from the health and environment points of view, can be potential substitutes for classical cleaning agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Fink
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Stefan Kulaš
- b Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Sarajevo , Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Martina Oder
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
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Al-Gubory KH, Blachier F, Faure P, Garrel C. Pomegranate peel extract decreases small intestine lipid peroxidation by enhancing activities of major antioxidant enzymes. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:3462-3468. [PMID: 26564426 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pomegranate peel extract (PPE) contains several compounds with antioxidative properties. PPE added to foods may interact with endogenous antioxidants and promote health. However, little is known about the biochemical mechanisms by which PPE exerts their actions on tissues of biological systems in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of PPE on activities of antioxidant enzymes. Mice were used to investigate the effects of PPE on plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tissue MDA content and activities of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), SOD2 and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the small intestine, liver and skeletal muscle - different tissues involved in the digestion, absorption and metabolism of dietary nutrients. Control mice were fed a standard diet, whereas treated mice were fed for 40 days with the standard diet containing 5% or 10% PPE. RESULTS Mice fed the 10% PPE diet exhibited lower plasma MDA concentrations, reduced content of MDA in the small intestine and liver and higher levels of SOD1 and GPX activities in the small intestine compared to mice fed the control diet. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that intake of PPE in diet attenuates small intestine lipid peroxidation and strengthens the first line of small intestine antioxidant defense by enhancing enzymatic antioxidative pathways. PPE is worthy of further study as a therapeutic approach to prevent peroxidative stress-induced gut pathogenesis. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs H Al-Gubory
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Département de Physiologie Animale et Systèmes D'Elevage, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - François Blachier
- INRA, UMR 914, Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Faure
- Unité de Biochimie Hormonale et Nutritionnelle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Département de Biologie - Toxicologie - Pharmacologie, 38043, Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Catherine Garrel
- Unité de Biochimie Hormonale et Nutritionnelle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Département de Biologie - Toxicologie - Pharmacologie, 38043, Grenoble cedex 9, France
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Al-Shaaibi SNK, Waly MI, Al-Subhi L, Tageldin MH, Al-Balushi NM, Rahman MS. Ameliorative Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extract against Dietary-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2016; 21:14-23. [PMID: 27069901 PMCID: PMC4827630 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2016.21.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by fat accumulation and is associated with oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract (PPE) against oxidative stress in the liver of rats with NAFLD. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD), 20% corn oil, or palm oil for 8 weeks in the presence or absence of PPE. The control group was fed a basal diet. The progression of NAFLD was evaluated histologically and by measuring liver enzymes (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase), serum lipids (triglycerides and total cholesterol), and oxidative stress markers. The HFD feeding increased the body weight and caused NAFLD, liver steatosis, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and elevated liver enzymes. Administration of PPE ameliorated the hepatic morphology, reduced body weight, improved liver enzymes, and inhibited lipogenesis. Furthermore, PPE enhanced the cellular redox status in the liver tissue of rats with NAFLD. Our findings suggest that PPE could improve HFD-induced NAFLD via abolishment of hepatic oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia. PPE might be considered as a potential lead material in the treatment of NAFLD and obesity through the modulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham N K Al-Shaaibi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mostafa I Waly
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Lyutha Al-Subhi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohamed H Tageldin
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nada M Al-Balushi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohammad S Rahman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
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Spilmont M, Léotoing L, Davicco MJ, Lebecque P, Miot-Noirault E, Pilet P, Rios L, Wittrant Y, Coxam V. Pomegranate Peel Extract Prevents Bone Loss in a Preclinical Model of Osteoporosis and Stimulates Osteoblastic Differentiation in Vitro. Nutrients 2015; 7:9265-84. [PMID: 26569295 PMCID: PMC4663593 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutritional benefits of pomegranate have attracted great scientific interest. The pomegranate, including the pomegranate peel, has been used worldwide for many years as a fruit with medicinal activity, mostly antioxidant properties. Among chronic diseases, osteoporosis, which is associated with bone remodelling impairment leading to progressive bone loss, could eventually benefit from antioxidant compounds because of the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of osteopenia. In this study, with in vivo and ex vivo experiments, we investigated whether the consumption of pomegranate peel extract (PGPE) could limit the process of osteopenia. We demonstrated that in ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6J mice, PGPE consumption was able to significantly prevent the decrease in bone mineral density (-31.9%; p < 0.001 vs. OVX mice) and bone microarchitecture impairment. Moreover, the exposure of RAW264.7 cells to serum harvested from mice that had been given a PGPE-enriched diet elicited reduced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, as shown by the inhibition of the major osteoclast markers. In addition, PGPE appeared to substantially stimulate osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at day 7, mineralization at day 21 and the transcription level of osteogenic markers. PGPE may be effective in preventing the bone loss associated with ovariectomy in mice, and offers a promising alternative for the nutritional management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Spilmont
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, UMR 1019, INRA, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Université, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- GREENTECH SA Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, F-63360 Saint-Beauzire, France.
| | - Laurent Léotoing
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, UMR 1019, INRA, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Université, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Marie-Jeanne Davicco
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, UMR 1019, INRA, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Université, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Patrice Lebecque
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, UMR 1019, INRA, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Université, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Elisabeth Miot-Noirault
- Imagerie Moléculaire et Thérapie Vectorisée, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Université, UMR 990, INSERM, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Paul Pilet
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire-LIOAD, Université de Nantes, UMR 791, INSERM, F-44042 Nantes, France.
| | - Laurent Rios
- GREENTECH SA Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, F-63360 Saint-Beauzire, France.
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, UMR 1019, INRA, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Université, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Véronique Coxam
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, UMR 1019, INRA, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Université, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Yuan G, Lv H, Yang B, Chen X, Sun H. Physical Properties, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Films Containing Carvacrol and Pomegranate Peel Extract. Molecules 2015; 20:11034-45. [PMID: 26083037 PMCID: PMC6272336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200611034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan-based active films were developed by incorporation of carvacrol (10 g/L), pomegranate peel extract (PPE, 10 g/L) and carvacrol + PPE (10 g/L of each) and their physical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were investigated. Incorporation of carvacrol and carvacrol + PPE into the films significantly decreased the water vapor permeability, tensile strength and percentage of elongation at break. Incorporation of carvacrol, PPE and carvacrol + PPE into the films decreased the transparency, but significantly increased the total phenol content and antioxidant activity. All the films, with the exception of PPE-incorporated film, exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus of the film incorporated with carvacrol + PPE was moderately higher than that incorporated with carvacrol or PPE alone, suggesting a synergistic action between carvacrol and PPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
- College of Food and Medicine, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
| | - Hua Lv
- College of Food and Medicine, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
| | - Bingjie Yang
- College of Food and Medicine, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
| | - Xiaoe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
- College of Food and Medicine, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
- College of Food and Medicine, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
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