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Thongrong S, Promsrisuk T, Sriraksa N, Surapinit S, Jittiwat J, Kongsui R. Alleviative effect of scopolamine‑induced memory deficit via enhancing antioxidant and cholinergic function in rats by pinostrobin from Boesenbergia rotunda (L.). Biomed Rep 2024; 21:130. [PMID: 39070112 PMCID: PMC11273195 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Pinostrobin, a key bioactive compound found in the medicinal plant Boesenbergia rotunda (L.), has been noted for its beneficial biological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer and anti-amnesia activities. In view of this, the present study purposed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of pinostrobin in reversing scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment involving oxidative stress and cholinergic function in rats. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=6): Group 1 received vehicle as a control, group 2 received vehicle + scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.), group 3 received pinostrobin (20 mg/kg, p.o.) + scopolamine, group 4 received pinostrobin (40 mg/kg, p.o.) + scopolamine and group 5 received donepezil (5 mg/kg, p.o.) + scopolamine. Treatments were administered orally to the rats for 14 days. During the final 7 days of treatment, a daily injection of scopolamine was administered. Scopolamine impaired learning and memory performance, as measured by the novel object recognition test and the Y-maze test. Additionally, oxidative stress marker levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) expression were determined. Consequently, the findings demonstrated that the administration of pinostrobin (20 and 40 mg/kg) markedly improved cognitive function as indicated by an increase in recognition index and by spontaneous alternation behaviour. Pinostrobin also modulated the levels of oxidative stress by causing a decrease in malondialdehyde levels accompanied by increases in superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities. Similarly, pinostrobin markedly enhanced cholinergic function by decreasing AChE activity and promoting ChAT immunoreactivity in the hippocampus. Additionally, the reduction in GluR1 expression due to scopolamine was diminished by treatment with pinostrobin. The findings indicated that pinostrobin exhibited a significant restoration of scopolamine-induced memory impairment by regulating oxidative stress and cholinergic system function. Thus, pinostrobin could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the management of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitthisak Thongrong
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Tichanon Promsrisuk
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Napatr Sriraksa
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Serm Surapinit
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Jinatta Jittiwat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Ratchaniporn Kongsui
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
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Choi GY, Lee IS, Moon E, Choi H, Je AR, Park JH, Kweon HS. Ameliorative effect of vanillic acid against scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in rat via attenuation of oxidative stress and dysfunctional synaptic plasticity. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117000. [PMID: 38941895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment, loss of learning and memory, and abnormal behaviors. Scopolamine (SCOP) is a non-selective antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors that exhibits the behavioral and molecular hallmarks of AD. Vanillic acid (VA), a phenolic compound, is obtained from the roots of a traditional plant called Angelica sinensis, and has several pharmacologic effects, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-metastatic, and antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, VA's neuroprotective potential associated with the memory has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study investigated whether VA treatment has an ameliorative effect on the learning and memory impairment induced by SCOP in rats. Behavioral experiments were utilized to assess the learning and memory performance associated with the hippocampus. Using western blotting analysis and assay kits, the neuronal damage, oxidative stress, and acetylcholinesterase activity responses of hippocampus were evaluated. Additionally, the measurement of long-term potentiation was used to determine the function of synaptic plasticity in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. In addition, the synaptic vesicles' density and the length and width of the postsynaptic density were evaluated using electron microscopy. Consequently, the behavioral, biochemical, electrophysiological, and ultrastructural analyses revealed that VA treatment prevents learning and memory impairments caused by SCOP in rats. The study's findings suggest that VA has a neuroprotective effect on SCOP-induced learning and memory impairment linked to the hippocampal cholinergic system, oxidative damage, and synaptic plasticity. Therefore, VA may be a prospective therapeutic agent for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Young Choi
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seo Lee
- Department of Gerontology (AgeTech Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Moon
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosung Choi
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - A Reum Je
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Gerontology (AgeTech Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Seok Kweon
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea.
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Yang X, Zhangyi Z, Yu A, Zhou Q, Xia A, Qiu J, Cai M, Chu X, Li L, Feng Z, Luo Z, Sun G, Zhang J, Geng M, Chen S, Xie Z. GV-971 attenuates the progression of neuromyelitis optica in murine models and reverses alterations in gut microbiota and associated peripheral abnormalities. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14847. [PMID: 38973196 PMCID: PMC11228355 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Growing evidence suggests that an imbalanced gut microbiota composition plays a crucial role in the development of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), an inflammatory demyelinating disease primarily affecting the optic nerves and central nervous system (CNS). In light of this, we explored the potential therapeutic benefits of GV-971 in NMOSD. GV-971 is a drug used for treating mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease, which targets the gut-brain axis and reduces neuroinflammation. METHODS To evaluate GV-971's effects, we employed the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model to establish NMOSD animal models. This was achieved by injecting NMO-IgG into aged mice (11 months old) or using NMO-IgG along with complement injection and microbubble-enhanced low-frequency ultrasound (MELFUS) techniques in young mice (7 weeks old). We assessed the impact of GV-971 on incidence rate, clinical scores, body weight, and survival, with methylprednisolone serving as a positive control. In NMOSD models of young mice, we analyzed spinal cord samples through H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, and Luxol Fast Blue staining. Fecal samples collected at different time points underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while plasma samples were analyzed using cytokine array and untargeted metabolomics analysis. RESULTS Our findings indicated that GV-971 significantly reduced the incidence of NMOSD, alleviated symptoms, and prolonged survival in NMOSD mouse models. The NMOSD model exhibited substantial neuroinflammation and injury, accompanied by imbalances in gut microbiota, peripheral inflammation, and metabolic disorders, suggesting a potentially vicious cycle that accelerates disease pathogenesis. Notably, GV-971 effectively reduces neuroinflammation and injury, and restores gut microbiota composition, as well as ameliorates peripheral inflammation and metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS GV-971 attenuates the progression of NMOSD in murine models and reduces neuroinflammation and injury, likely through its effects on remodeling gut microbiota and peripheral inflammation and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongheng Zhangyi
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aisong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinming Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihua Xia
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Qiu
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Meixiang Cai
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingkun Chu
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Li
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengnan Feng
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyu Luo
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangqiang Sun
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zuoquan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Yang J, Ding J, Lu Z, Zhu B, Lin S. Digestive and Absorptive Properties of the Antarctic Krill Tripeptide Phe-Pro-Phe (FPF) and Its Auxiliary Memory-Enhancing Effect. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8491-8505. [PMID: 38587859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Aging and stress have contributed to the development of memory disorders. Phe-Pro-Phe (FPF) was identified with high stability by mass spectrometry from simulated gastrointestinal digestion and everted gut sac products of the Antarctic krill peptide Ser-Ser-Asp-Ala-Phe-Phe-Pro-Phe-Arg (SSDAFFPFR) which was found to have a positive impact on memory enhancement. This study investigated the digestive stability, absorption, and memory-enhancing effects of FPF using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, simulated gastrointestinal digestion, in vivo fluorescence distribution analysis, mouse behavioral experiments, acetylcholine function, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. FPF crossed the blood-brain barrier into the brain after digestion, significantly reduced shock time, working memory errors, and reference memory errors, and increased the recognition index. Additionally, FPF elevated ACh content; Nissl body counts; and CREB, SYN, and PSD-95 expression levels, while reducing AChE activity (P < 0.05). This implies that FPF prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairment and provides a basis for future research on memory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Yang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Sci. Technol., Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ding
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Sci. Technol., Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- The Education Department of Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- The Education Department of Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Sci. Technol., Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Songyi Lin
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Sci. Technol., Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- The Education Department of Liaoning Province, Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
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Yang J, Qi Y, Zhu B, Lin S. A Novel Tetrapeptide Ala-Phe-Phe-Pro (AFFP) Derived from Antarctic Krill Prevents Scopolamine-Induced Memory Disorder by Balancing Lipid Metabolism of Mice Hippocampus. Nutrients 2024; 16:1019. [PMID: 38613052 PMCID: PMC11013912 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory impairment is a serious problem with organismal aging and increased social pressure. The tetrapeptide Ala-Phe-Phe-Pro (AFFP) is a synthetic analogue of Antarctic krill derived from the memory-improving Antarctic krill peptide Ser-Ser-Asp-Ala-Phe-Phe-Pro-Phe-Arg (SSDAFFPFR) after digestion and absorption. The objective of this research was to assess the neuroprotective effects of AFFP by reducing oxidative stress and controlling lipid metabolism in the brains of mice with memory impairment caused by scopolamine. The 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy results showed that AFFP had three active hydrogen sites that could contribute to its antioxidant properties. The findings from in vivo tests demonstrated that AFFP greatly enhanced the mice's behavioral performance in the passive avoidance, novel object recognition, and eight-arm maze experiments. AFFP reduced oxidative stress by enhancing superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde levels in mice serum, thereby decreasing reactive oxygen species level in the mice hippocampus. In addition, AFFP increased the unsaturated lipid content to balance the unsaturated lipid level against the neurotoxicity of the mice hippocampus. Our findings suggest that AFFP emerges as a potential dietary intervention for the prevention of memory impairment disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Yang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yan Qi
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Songyi Lin
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, The Education Department of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116034, China
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Pant S, Gupta M, Anthwal T, Chauhan M, Nain S. The memory ameliorating effects of novel N-benzyl pyridine-2-one derivatives on scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:9. [PMID: 38468315 PMCID: PMC10926586 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of progressive dementia in the elderly, is a chronic neurological disorder that decreases cognitive ability. Although the underlying cause of AD is yet unknown, oxidative stress and brain acetylcholine shortage are the key pathogenic causes. RESULTS The current study shows that these derivatives have the potential to improve memory in mice by inhibiting scopolamine-induced acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and improving locomotor activity and muscle grip strength in the rota rod test. When compared to the illness control, the memory-enhancing potential of novel N-benzyl pyridine-2-one derivatives was highly significant (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The observed memory ameliorating effect of novel N-benzyl pyridine-2-one makes them as a a good choice for treatment of individuals with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Pant
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohan Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tulika Anthwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan, India
| | - Monika Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sumitra Nain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan, India.
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Lazarova MI, Tsvetanova ER, Georgieva AP, Stefanova MO, Uzunova DN, Denev PN, Tasheva KN. Marrubium vulgare Extract Improves Spatial Working Memory and Oxidative Stress Damage in Scopolamine-Treated Rats. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S157-S169. [PMID: 38489175 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background The cholinergic neuronal loss in the basal forebrain and increasing brain oxidative stress are one of the main features of the brain suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Marrubium vulgare (M. vulgare), commonly known as 'white horehound,' possesses a variety of valuable properties, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. Moreover, it possesses neuromodulatory properties that could potentially impact short-term memory functions. Objective The present study was undertaken to investigate the preventive effects of water M. vulgare extract on working memory, cholinergic neurotransmission, and oxidative stress in rats with scopolamine (Sco)-induced dementia. Methods Male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were divided into four experimental groups. The plant extract was administered orally for 21 days, and Sco (2 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 11 consecutive days. The behavioral performance of the animals was evaluated by the T-maze test. The effect of the extract on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and antioxidant status in cortex and hippocampus were also monitored. Results Our experimental data revealed that treatment with M. vulgare significantly increased the percentage of correct choices of rats with Sco-induced dementia in the T maze test (by 38%, p < 0.05). Additionally, it reduced AChE activity in the hippocampus (by 20%, p < 0.05) and alleviated oxidative stress induced by Sco, particularly in the cortex. Conclusions M. vulgare water extract demonstrated working memory preserving effect in rats with Sco-induced dementia, AChE inhibitory activity and in vivo antioxidant potential, and deserve further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Lazarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elina R Tsvetanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Almira P Georgieva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Diamara N Uzunova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petko N Denev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Krasimira N Tasheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Abo Mansour HE, Elberri AI, Ghoneim MES, Samman WA, Alhaddad AA, Abdallah MS, El-Berri EI, Salem MA, Mosalam EM. The Potential Neuroprotective Effect of Thymoquinone on Scopolamine-Induced In Vivo Alzheimer's Disease-like Condition: Mechanistic Insights. Molecules 2023; 28:6566. [PMID: 37764343 PMCID: PMC10534545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder without effective treatment. Thymoquinone (TQ) has demonstrated potential in exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant characteristics. Despite TQ's neuroprotection effect, there is a scarcity of information regarding its application in AD research, and its molecular trajectories remain ambiguous. Thus, the objective of the current investigation was to examine the potential beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms of TQ in scopolamine (SCOP)-induced neuronal injury to mimic AD in vivo model. METHODS Thirty mice were divided into normal, SCOP, and TQ groups. The Y-maze and pole climbing tests were performed to measure memory and motor performance. Afterwards, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were carried out. Furthermore, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) signaling pathway-related proteins and genes were detected with an emphasis on the role of miR-9. RESULTS TQ has the potential to ameliorate cognitive deficits observed in SCOP-induced AD-like model, as evidenced by the improvement in behavioral outcomes, histopathological changes, modulation of the expression pattern of PPAR-γ downstream targets with a significant decrease in the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ). CONCLUSIONS TQ provided meaningful multilevel neuroprotection through its anti-inflammatory and its PPAR-γ agonist activity. Consequently, TQ may possess a potential beneficial role against AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend E. Abo Mansour
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Aya Ibrahim Elberri
- Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Mai El-Sayed Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Waad A. Samman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Aisha A. Alhaddad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Mahmoud S. Abdallah
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Eman I. El-Berri
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Esraa M. Mosalam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
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Pant S, Gupta M, Anthwal T, Chauhan M, Nain S. Neuroprotective effects of novel pyrrolidine-2-one derivatives on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice: Behavioral and biochemical analysis. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023:173602. [PMID: 37453560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a long-term neurodegenerative condition that impairs cognitive abilities. Brain acetylcholine deficit and oxidative stress may be considered the key pathogenic causes for AD, even though the basic etiology is still unknown. The effects of some novel pyrrolidine-2-one derivatives on the learning and memory deficits caused by scopolamine in mice were examined in the current study. The learning and memory parameters were assessed using the morris water maze test, rota rod test the and locomotor activity. A number of biochemical factors were also evaluated, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CA), and nitrite oxide (NO) assay. The current study shows that these derivatives were more effective and comparable to donepezil at treating the behavioral and biochemical changes brought on by scopolamine. The observed results showed pyrrolidine-2-one derivatives as a promising candidate for diseases associated with cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Pant
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohan Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tulika Anthwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Monika Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sumitra Nain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
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AlGhamdi SA, Al-Abbasi FA, Alghamdi AM, Omer AB, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Alamri A, Alzarea SI, Almalki WH, Kazmi I. Barbigerone prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase levels. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230013. [PMID: 37063992 PMCID: PMC10090886 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed for the evaluation of barbigerone on memory loss. In this experimental study, 24 Wistar rats (n = 6) were used. Control rats and scopolamine (SCOP)-treated control group rats were orally administered with 3 ml of 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (vehicle), whereas barbigerone was (10 and 20 mg kg-1) administered orally to the rats from the test group. During the 14-day treatment, control group rats were given 3 ml kg-1 day-1 saline, and all other groups were administered SCOP (1 mg kg-1 day-1, i.p.) 1 h after barbigerone p.o. treatment. The spontaneous alternation activities, learning capacities of a rat's memory were tested with Morris water maze and Y-maze. Reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and catalase (CAT) levels were measured in rat brain tissue as oxidative stress/antioxidant markers. Moreover, the levels of tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β were also estimated. Treatment with barbigerone in SCOP-administered rats dramatically reduced SCOP-induced neurobehavioural deficits, oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory markers, improved endogenous antioxidants, and restored AChE activity. By improving cholinergic function and reducing oxidative damage, barbigerone could mitigate the effects of SCOP-induced changes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareefa A. AlGhamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. Alghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma B. Omer
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Foundation Year for the Health Colleges, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alamri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Sahlgren Bendtsen KM, Hall VJ. The Breakthroughs and Caveats of Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Modeling Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030420. [PMID: 36766763 PMCID: PMC9913971 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Modeling Alzheimer's disease (AD) using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is a field now spanning 15 years. Developments in the field have shown a shift in using simple 2D cortical neuron models to more advanced tri-cultures and 3D cerebral organoids that recapitulate more features of the disease. This is largely due to development and optimization of new cell protocols. In this review, we highlight recent major breakthroughs in the AD field and the implications this has in modeling AD using iPSCs (AD-iPSCs). To date, AD-iPSCs have been largely used to recapitulate and study impaired amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and tau phosphorylation in both familial and sporadic AD. AD-iPSCs have also been studied for varying neuronal and glial dysfunctions. Moreover, they have been useful for discovering new molecular mechanisms, such as identifying proteins that bridge APP processing with tau phosphorylation and for identifying molecular pathways that bridge APP processing dysfunction with impaired cholesterol biosynthesis. Perhaps the greatest use of AD-iPSCs has been in discovering compounds via drug screening, that reduce amyloid beta (Aβ) in neurons, such as the anti-inflammatory compound, cromolyn, and antiparasitic drugs, avermectins. In addition, high content screening using AD-iPSCs has led to the identification of statins that can reduce levels of phosphorylated tau (p-Tau) in neurons. Some of these compounds have made it through to testing in human clinical trials. Improvements in omic technologies including single cell RNA sequencing and proteomics as well as advances in production of iPSC-cerebral organoids and tri-cultures is likely to result in the further discovery of new drugs and treatments for AD. Some caveats remain in the field, including, long experimental conditions to create mature neurons, high costs of media that limit research capabilities, and a lack of reproducibility using current iPSC-cerebral organoid protocols. Despite these current limitations, AD-iPSCs remain an excellent cellular model for studying AD mechanisms and for drug discovery.
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12
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Kim YJ, Shin YK, Seo E, Seol GH. Astrocytes Reduce Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry in Microglia under the Conditions of an Inflammatory Stimulus and Muscarinic Receptor Blockade. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121521. [PMID: 36558972 PMCID: PMC9783111 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and loss of cholinergic transmission are involved in neurodegenerative diseases, but possible interactions between them within neurons, astrocytes, and microglia have not yet been investigated. We aimed to compare store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia following cholinergic dysfunction in combination with (or without) an inflammatory stimulus and to investigate the effects of linalyl acetate (LA) on this process. We used the SH-SY5Y, U373, and BV2 cell lines related to neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, respectively. Scopolamine or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to antagonize the muscarinic receptors or induce inflammatory responses, respectively. The concentration of intracellular Ca2+ was measured using Fura-2 AM. Treatment with scopolamine and LPS significantly increased SOCE in the neuron-like cells and microglia but not in the scopolamine-pretreated astrocytes. LA significantly reduced SOCE in the scopolamine-pretreated neuron-like cells and microglia exposed to LPS, which was partially inhibited by the Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitor ouabain and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) inhibitor Ni2+. Notably, SOCE was significantly reduced in the LPS plus scopolamine-pretreated cells mixed with astrocytes and microglia, with a two-fold increase in the applied number of astrocytes. LA may be useful in protecting neurons and microglia by reducing elevated SOCE that is induced by inflammatory responses and inhibiting the muscarinic receptors via Na+-K+ ATPase and the forward mode of NCX. Astrocytes may protect microglia by reducing increased SOCE under the conditions of inflammation and a muscarinic receptor blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Kim
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Program of Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - You Kyoung Shin
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Seo
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Program of Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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13
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Ogunsuyi OB, Omage FB, Ijomone OM, Oboh G, Rocha JBT. Effect of chlorogenic acid plus donepezil on critical neurocortical enzyme activities, inflammatory markers, and synaptophysin immunoreactivity in scopolamine-assaulted rats, supported by multiple ligand simultaneous docking. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14312. [PMID: 35791518 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of chlorogenic acid (a natural phenolic acid ubiquitous in plant foods) on selected therapeutic properties of donepezil (DON) in a scopolamine (SCOP)-induced rat model of amnesia was the focus of this study. Adult albino (Wister strain) rats were allocated into five groups (n = 11) consisting of control, SCOP, SCOP + chlorogenic acid (CGA), SCOP + DON, and SCOP + CGA + DON for 7 days. Post-treatment, the rat brain cerebral cortex homogenate was assayed for cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase activities. Also, the reactive oxygen species, total thiol and nitric oxide contents, alongside catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities were determined. Routine histology for neuronal and glial cells as well as synaptophysin immunoreactivity was also carried out on the cerebral cortex. Thereafter, multiple ligand simultaneous docking was carried out for DON and CGA at the active sites of AChE and BChE. The results revealed that the biochemical parameters, glial cells, and synaptophysin immunoreactivity were significantly impaired in the cerebral cortex of scopolamine-treated rats. However, impaired butyrylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase activity, together with antioxidant, glial cells, and synaptophysin levels were significantly ameliorated in scopolamine-treated rats administered DON + CGA compared to donepezil alone. The docking of both DON and CGA at the active sites of AChE or BChE showed higher binding energy to both enzymes compared to individual interactions of either DON or CGA. Hence, this study has been able to show that CGA could improve some of the therapeutic effects of DON, which could broaden the therapeutic spectrum of this drug. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study showed that chlorogenic acid (a major phenolic acid found in plant foods such as coffee) modulated some of the therapeutic properties of donepezil (an anticholinesterase drug used in the treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease). The combinations elicited better anti-butyrylcholinesterase, antimonoamine oxidase, and antioxidant properties, thus presenting this food-drug interaction as potentially able to offer better therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi B Ogunsuyi
- Biomedical Technology Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.,Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Folorunsho B Omage
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - João B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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The Potential Neuroprotective Effect of Cyperus esculentus L. Extract in Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats: Extensive Biological and Metabolomics Approaches. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207118. [PMID: 36296710 PMCID: PMC9606906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the phytochemical composition of tiger nut (TN) (Cyperus esculentus L.) and its neuroprotective potential in scopolamine (Scop)-induced cognitive impairment in rats. The UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis enabled the putative annotation of 88 metabolites, such as saccharides, amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Treatment with TN extract restored Scop-induced learning and memory impairments. In parallel, TN extract succeeded in lowering amyloid beta, β-secretase protein expression and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampus of rats. TN extract decreased malondialdehyde levels, restored antioxidant levels and reduced proinflammatory cytokines as well as the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Histopathological analysis demonstrated marked neuroprotection in TN-treated groups. In conclusion, the present study reveals that TN extract attenuates Scop-induced memory impairments by diminishing amyloid beta aggregates, as well as its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-AChE activities.
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Zheng J, Gao Y, Ding J, Sun N, Lin S. Antarctic krill peptides improve scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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16
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Dragomanova S, Lazarova M, Munkuev A, Suslov E, Volcho K, Salakhutdinov N, Bibi A, Reynisson J, Tzvetanova E, Alexandrova A, Georgieva A, Uzunova D, Stefanova M, Kalfin R, Tancheva L. New Myrtenal–Adamantane Conjugates Alleviate Alzheimer’s-Type Dementia in Rat Model. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175456. [PMID: 36080227 PMCID: PMC9457974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with memory impairment and other central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. Two myrtenal–adamantane conjugates (MACs) showed excellent CNS potential against Alzheimer’s models. Adamantane is a common pharmacophore for drug design, and myrtenal (M) demonstrated neuroprotective effects in our previous studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the MACs’ neuroprotective properties in dementia. Methods: Scopolamine (Scop) was applied intraperitoneally in Wistar rats for 11 days, simultaneously with MACs or M as a referent, respectively. Brain acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, noradrenaline and serotonin levels, and oxidative brain status determination followed behavioral tests on memory abilities. Molecular descriptors and docking analyses for AChE activity center affinity were performed. Results: M derivatives have favorable physicochemical parameters to enter the CNS. Both MACs restored memory damaged by Scop, showing significant AChE-inhibitory activity in the cortex, in contrast to M, supported by the modeling analysis. Moderate antioxidant properties were manifested by glutathione elevation and catalase activity modulation. MACs also altered noradrenaline and serotonin content in the hippocampus. Conclusion: For the first time, neuroprotective properties of two MACs in a rat dementia model were observed. They were stronger than the natural M effects, which makes the substances promising candidates for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Dragomanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (K.V.)
| | - Maria Lazarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aldar Munkuev
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Av. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Suslov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Av. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin Volcho
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Av. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (K.V.)
| | - Nariman Salakhutdinov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Av. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Amina Bibi
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hornbeam Building, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hornbeam Building, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Elina Tzvetanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Alexandrova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Almira Georgieva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diamara Uzunova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslava Stefanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Ivan Mihailov St. 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubka Tancheva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Wang YL, Zhang Y, Xu J. Sodium oligomannate combined with rivastigmine may improve cerebral blood flow and cognitive impairment following CAR-T cell therapy: A case report. Front Oncol 2022; 12:902301. [PMID: 36059691 PMCID: PMC9433646 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.902301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy is a breakthrough for B-cell hematological malignancies but is commonly associated with cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity and is occasionally complicated by neurological symptoms, such as cognitive disturbances. Currently, no effective treatments for CAR-T therapy-related cognitive impairment are available. Here, we present a 22-year-old patient with cognitive impairment who was treated with CAR-T cells as a salvage therapy for Burkitt lymphoma. One month after CAR-T cell infusion, he experienced memory loss that mainly manifested as forgetting recent-onset events. Two months of rehabilitation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy failed to provide clinical improvement. Subsequently, the patient improved with oral oxiracetam for 5 months. However, after 10 months of withdrawal, he showed significantly worse memory decline. Then, he began to take sodium oligomannate (22 February 2021). Follow-up testing at 6 and 12 months revealed maintenance of memory gains with sodium oligomannate alone or in combination with rivastigmine. Our case shows that CAR-T therapy may compromise cognitive function and that sodium oligomannate may have partial efficacy in restoring cognitive performance and activities of daily living. This may provide insights for further applications of sodium oligomannate for neurological symptoms, especially cognitive deficits following CAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Xu,
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Wang G, Wang X, Zheng X, Sun S, Zhao J, Long Y, Mao Y. Acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain combined with hyperbaric oxygen delays D-galactose-induced brain senescence in mice via attenuating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Neurosci Res 2022; 185:40-48. [PMID: 35970311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is fundamental to neurodegeneration and dementia. Preventing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are potential methods of delaying the onset of aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases. The acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain (AOSC) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) can increase the expression of antioxidants and have a neuroprotective function. In this study, we investigate the ability of AOSC, HBO, and AOSC + HBO to prevent D-gal-induced brain senescence. The Morris water maze and Y-maze test results showed that all three therapies significantly attenuated D-gal-induced memory disorders. A potential mechanism of this action was decreasing elevated levels of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The western blot and morphological results showed that all three therapies decreased D-gal-induced neuroinflammation and downregulated inflammatory mediators including the nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Taken together, our results indicated that AOSC, HBO, and AOSC + HBO therapies attenuated D-gal-induced brain aging in mice by repressing RAGE/NF-KB-induced inflammation, the activation of astrocytes and microglia, and a decrease in neuronal degeneration. These could be useful therapies for treating age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, HBO combined with AOSC had a better effect than HBO or AOSC alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuqin Sun
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ying Long
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yongjun Mao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Bi D, Yang X, Lu J, Xu X. Preparation and potential applications of alginate oligosaccharides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10130-10147. [PMID: 35471191 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alginate, a linear polymer consisting of β-D-mannuronic acid (M) and α-L-guluronic acid (G) with 1,4-glycosidic linkages and comprising 40% of the dry weight of algae, possesses various applications in the food and nutraceutical industries. However, the potential applications of alginate are restricted in some fields because of its low water solubility and high solution viscosity. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) on the other hand, have low molecular weight which result in better water solubility. Hence, it becomes a more popular target to be researched in recent years for its use in foods and nutraceuticals. AOS can be obtained by multiple degradation methods, including enzymatic degradation, from alginate or alginate-derived poly G and poly M. AOS have unique bioactivity and can bring human health benefits, which render them potentials to be developed/incorporated into functional food. This review comprehensively covers methods of the preparation and analysis of AOS, and discussed the potential applications of AOS in foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decheng Bi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xu Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
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Wasp Venom Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14040256. [PMID: 35448865 PMCID: PMC9029392 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of wasp venom (WV) from the yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina, on scopolamine (SCO)-induced memory deficits in mice, as well as the antioxidant activity in HT22 murine hippocampal neuronal cells in parallel comparison with bee venom (BV). The WV was collected from the venom sac, freeze-dried. Both venoms exhibited free radical scavenging capabilities in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the venom treatment enhanced cell viability at the concentrations of ≤40 µg/mL of WV and ≤4 µg/mL of BV in glutamate-treated HT22 cells, and increased the transcriptional activity of the antioxidant response element (ARE), a cis-acting enhancer which regulates the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-downstream antioxidant enzymes. Concurrently, WV at 20 µg/mL significantly increased the expression of a key antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in HT22 cells despite no significant changes observed in the nuclear level of Nrf2. Furthermore, the intraperitoneal administration of WV to SCO-treated mice at doses ranged from 250 to 500 µg/kg body weight ameliorated memory impairment behavior, reduced histological injury in the hippocampal region, and reduced oxidative stress biomarkers in the brain and blood of SCO-treated mice. Our findings demonstrate that WV possess the potential to improve learning and memory deficit in vivo while further study is needed for the proper dose and safety measures and clinical effectiveness.
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Neuroprotective Effects of Myrtenal in an Experimental Model of Dementia Induced in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020374. [PMID: 35204256 PMCID: PMC8869161 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing attention on natural substances capable of stimulating the cholinergic system and of exerting antioxidant effects, as potential therapeutic agents in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the expected neuroprotective mechanisms of myrtenal (M) in an experimental model of dementia in rats. Dementia was induced in male Wistar rats by scopolamine (Sc) administration (0.1 mg/kg for 8 days and 20.0 mg/kg on day 9). The animals were divided into 5 groups (1) Controls; (2) Sc; (3) Sc + Myrtenal (40 mg/kg), (4) Sc + Galantamine (1 mg/kg); (5) Sc + Lipoic acid (30 mg/kg). Changes in recognition memory and habituation were evaluated via the Novel Object Recognition and Open Field tests. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, ACh levels, and changes in oxidative status of the brain were measured biochemically. The histological changes in two brain regions—cortex and hippocampus, were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Myrtenal improved recognition memory and habituation, exerted antioxidant effects and significantly increased ACh brain levels. Histologically, the neuroprotective capacity of myrtenal was also confirmed. For the first time, we have demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of myrtenal in an experimental model of dementia. Our study provides proof-of-concept for the testing of myrtenal, in association with standard of care treatments, in patients affected by cognitive decline.
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22
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Sun CC, Yin ZP, Chen JG, Wang WJ, Zheng GD, Li JE, Chen LL, Zhang QF. Dihydromyricetin Improves Cognitive Impairments in d-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice through Regulating Oxidative Stress and Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101002. [PMID: 34932880 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with phenomena of cognitive impairments. Oxidative stress and cholinergic system dysfunction are two widely studied pathogenesis of AD. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a natural dihydroflavonol with many bioactivities. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effects of DMY on cognitive impairment in d-galactose (d-gal) induced aging mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are intraperitoneally injected with d-gal for 16 weeks, and DMY is supplemented in drinking water. The results show that DMY significantly improves d-gal-induced cognitive impairments in novel object recognition and Y-maze studies. H&E and TUNEL staining show that DMY could improve histopathological changes and cell apoptosis in mice brain. DMY effectively induces the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and reduces malondialdehyde level in mice brain and liver. Furthermore, DMY reduces cholinergic injury by inhibiting the activity of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in mice brain. In vitro studies show that DMY is a non-competitive inhibitor of AChE with IC50 value of 161.2 µg mL-1 . CONCLUSION DMY alleviates the cognitive impairments in d-gal-induced aging mice partly through regulating oxidative stress and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Ji-Guang Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jing-En Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Ling-Li Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qing-Feng Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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23
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Wu J, Wu M, Zhang H, Zhan X, Wu N. An Oligomannuronic Acid-Sialic Acid Conjugate Capable of Inhibiting Aβ42 Aggregation and Alleviating the Inflammatory Response of BV-2 Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212338. [PMID: 34830217 PMCID: PMC8621211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomannuronic acid (MOS) from seaweed has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, MOS was activated at the terminal to obtain three different graft complexes modified with sialic acid moiety (MOS-Sia). The results show that MOS-Sia addition can reduce the β-structure formation of Aβ42, and the binding effect of MOS-Sia3 is more obvious. MOS-Sia conjugates also have a better complexing effect with Ca2+ while reducing the formation of Aβ42 oligomers in solutions. MOS-Sia3 (25–50 μg/mL) can effectively inhibit the activation state of BV-2 cells stimulated by Aβ42, whereas a higher dose of MOS-Sia3 (>50 μg/mL) can inhibit the proliferation of BV-2 cells to a certain extent. A lower dose of MOS-Sia3 can also inhibit the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and other proinflammatory factors in BV-2 cells induced by Aβ42 activation. In the future, the MOS-Sia3 conjugate can be used to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.W.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-510-85918299
| | - Miaosen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.W.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.W.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.W.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Nian Wu
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
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Lee S, Lim JS, Yun HS, Kim Y, Jeong S, Hwang SD, Kim JW, Oh J, Kim JS. Dietary supplementation with Ceriporia lacerata improves learning and memory in a scopolamine-induced amnesia mouse model. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:1107-1116. [PMID: 34471564 PMCID: PMC8364576 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceriporia lacerata (CL) is a species of white rot fungi. In this study, we have examined the beneficial effect of CL on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. A freeze-dried CL mycelial culture broth was dissolved and orally administered to scopolamine-treated C57BL/6J mice followed by behavioral tests using the Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tasks. CL administration at a daily dose of 200 mg/kg body weight resulted in restoration of exploration reduction and improvement of associative and spatial learning and memory impairment in scopolamine-treated mice. Concomitantly, heme oxygenase-1 was highly expressed in the hippocampal region of CL-administered mice. Moreover, the ethanolic extract of CL significantly increased the transcriptional activity of antioxidant response element and attenuated the glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. These findings suggest that the CL intake can confer a beneficial effect on learning and memory presumably through protecting hippocampal neuronal cells from oxidative stress-induced damage. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-021-00945-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Lee
- School of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Lim
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Yun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsu Kim
- School of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Soojung Jeong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Deok Hwang
- Fugencelltech Co., Ltd., Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37272 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Kim
- Fugenbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, 06746 Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- School of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
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25
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Saleh SR, Masry AM, Ghareeb DA, Newairy ASA, Sheta E, Maher AM. Trichoderma reesei fungal degradation boosted the potentiality of date pit extract in fighting scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity in male rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14872. [PMID: 34290261 PMCID: PMC8295356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Date pits are nutritious by-products, containing high levels of indigestible carbohydrates and polyphenols. To maximize the biological effects of the active ingredients, the hard shell of the polysaccharide must be degraded. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the protective potentials of date pits extract (DP) and fungal degraded date pits extract (FDDP) against scopolamine (SCO)-induced neurodegeneration in male rats. Date pits were subjected to fungal degradation and extraction, followed by the measurement of phytochemicals and free radical scavenging activities. Forty-two adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into seven groups: three control groups administered with either saline, DP or FDDP; four groups with neurodegeneration receiving SCO (ip 2 mg/kg/day, SCO group) with no treatment, SCO with DP (oral 100 mg/kg/day, DP + SCO group), SCO with FDDP (oral, 100 mg/kg/day, FDDP + SCO group), and SCO with donepezil (DON, oral, 2.25 mg/kg/day, DON + SCO group). The treatment duration was 28 days, and in the last 14 days, SCO was administered daily. Morris water maze test, acetylcholine esterase activity, oxidative stress, markers of inflammation and amyloidogenesis, and brain histopathology were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar R Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
- Bioscreening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa M Masry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- Bioscreening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Al-Sayeda A Newairy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Eman Sheta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Adham M Maher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
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26
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da Silva DS, Soares MSP, Teixeira FC, de Mello JE, de Souza AA, Luduvico KP, de Andrade CM, Spanevello RM, Cunico W. Multitarget Effect of 2-(4-(Methylthio)phenyl)-3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)thiazolidin-4-one in a Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Rat Model. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1554-1566. [PMID: 33755857 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic system dysfunction, oxidative damage, and alterations in ion pump activity have been associated with memory loss and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones have emerged as a class of compounds with potential therapeutic effects due to their potent anticholinesterase activity. Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of the 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)thiazolidin-4-one (DS12) compound on memory, cholinergic and oxidative stress parameters, ion pump activity, and serum biochemical markers in a scopolamine-induced memory deficit model. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: I-Control; II-Scopolamine; III-DS12 (5 mg/kg) + scopolamine; and IV-DS12 (10 mg/kg) + scopolamine. The animals from groups III and IV received DS12 diluted in canola oil and administered for 7 days by gavage. On the last day of treatment, scopolamine (1 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 30 min after training in an inhibitory avoidance apparatus. Twenty-four hours after scopolamine administration, the animals were subjected to an inhibitory avoidance test and were thereafter euthanized. Scopolamine induced memory deficits, increased acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative damage, and decreased Na+/K+-ATPase activity in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Pretreatment with DS12 prevented these brain alterations. Scopolamine also induced an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity in lymphocytes and whereas butyrylcholinesterase in serum and treatment with DS12 prevented these changes. In animals treated with DS12, no changes were observed in renal and hepatic parameters when compared to the control group. In conclusion, DS12 emerged as an important multitarget compound capable of preventing neurochemical changes associated with memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schuch da Silva
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cardoso Teixeira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Júlia Eisenhardt de Mello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Anita Avila de Souza
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Pereira Luduvico
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Melazzo de Andrade
- Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinário, Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Wilson Cunico
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
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27
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Xiao S, Chan P, Wang T, Hong Z, Wang S, Kuang W, He J, Pan X, Zhou Y, Ji Y, Wang L, Cheng Y, Peng Y, Ye Q, Wang X, Wu Y, Qu Q, Chen S, Li S, Chen W, Xu J, Peng D, Zhao Z, Li Y, Zhang J, Du Y, Chen W, Fan D, Yan Y, Liu X, Zhang W, Luo B, Wu W, Shen L, Liu C, Mao P, Wang Q, Zhao Q, Guo Q, Zhou Y, Li Y, Jiang L, Ren W, Ouyang Y, Wang Y, Liu S, Jia J, Zhang N, Liu Z, He R, Feng T, Lu W, Tang H, Gao P, Zhang Y, Chen L, Wang L, Yin Y, Xu Q, Xiao J, Cong L, Cheng X, Zhang H, Gao D, Xia M, Lian T, Peng G, Zhang X, Jiao B, Hu H, Chen X, Guan Y, Cui R, Huang Q, Xin X, Chen H, Ding Y, Zhang J, Feng T, Cantillon M, Chen K, Cummings JL, Ding J, Geng M, Zhang Z. A 36-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 3 clinical trial of sodium oligomannate for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's dementia. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:62. [PMID: 33731209 PMCID: PMC7967962 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New therapies are urgently needed for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sodium oligomannate (GV-971) is a marine-derived oligosaccharide with a novel proposed mechanism of action. The first phase 3 clinical trial of GV-971 has been completed in China. METHODS We conducted a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in participants with mild-to-moderate AD to assess GV-971 efficacy and safety. Participants were randomized to placebo or GV-971 (900 mg) for 36 weeks. The primary outcome was the drug-placebo difference in change from baseline on the 12-item cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog12). Secondary endpoints were drug-placebo differences on the Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change with caregiver input (CIBIC+), Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) scale, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Safety and tolerability were monitored. RESULTS A total of 818 participants were randomized: 408 to GV-971 and 410 to placebo. A significant drug-placebo difference on the ADAS-Cog12 favoring GV-971 was present at each measurement time point, measurable at the week 4 visit and continuing throughout the trial. The difference between the groups in change from baseline was - 2.15 points (95% confidence interval, - 3.07 to - 1.23; p < 0.0001; effect size 0.531) after 36 weeks of treatment. Treatment-emergent adverse event incidence was comparable between active treatment and placebo (73.9%, 75.4%). Two deaths determined to be unrelated to drug effects occurred in the GV-971 group. CONCLUSIONS GV-971 demonstrated significant efficacy in improving cognition with sustained improvement across all observation periods of a 36-week trial. GV-971 was safe and well-tolerated. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT0229391 5. Registered on November 19, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Piu Chan
- Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhen Hong
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jincai He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Zhou
- Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Luning Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuncheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dantao Peng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yansheng Li
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Shandong Provinical Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Weixian Chen
- Jiangsu Province People's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Yong Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Geriatric psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Benyan Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyuan Wu
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peixian Mao
- Beijing An Ding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiumei Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qianhua Zhao
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongtao Zhou
- Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwei Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Ouyang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianjun Jia
- Department of Geriatric Neurology of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhonglin Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Raoli He
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingyi Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huidong Tang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - You Yin
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Shandong Provinical Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Jiangsu Province People's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghua Xia
- Department of Geriatric psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Tenghong Lian
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoping Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Chen
- Beijing An Ding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixue Cui
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qiu Huang
- Med-X Research Institution, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianliang Xin
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., No. 421, Niudun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjian Chen
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., No. 421, Niudun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., No. 421, Niudun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., No. 421, Niudun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Feng
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., No. 421, Niudun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Marc Cantillon
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., No. 421, Niudun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Cummings
- Chamberrs-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
| | - Jian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Nevada, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu chong zhi Road, Nevada, China.
| | - Zhenxin Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Fukutomi R, Ohishi T, Koyama Y, Pervin M, Nakamura Y, Isemura M. Beneficial Effects of Epigallocatechin-3- O-Gallate, Chlorogenic Acid, Resveratrol, and Curcumin on Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:E415. [PMID: 33466849 PMCID: PMC7829779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many observational and clinical studies have shown that consumption of diets rich in plant polyphenols have beneficial effects on various diseases such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Animal and cellular studies have indicated that these polyphenolic compounds contribute to such effects. The representative polyphenols are epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate in tea, chlorogenic acids in coffee, resveratrol in wine, and curcumin in curry. The results of human studies have suggested the beneficial effects of consumption of these foods on NDDs including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and cellular animal experiments have provided molecular basis to indicate contribution of these representative polyphenols to these effects. This article provides updated information on the effects of these foods and their polyphenols on NDDs with discussions on mechanistic aspects of their actions mainly based on the findings derived from basic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuuta Fukutomi
- Quality Management Division, Higuchi Inc. Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan;
| | - Yu Koyama
- Shizuoka Eiwa Gakuin University Junior College, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8545, Japan;
| | - Monira Pervin
- Tea Science Research Center, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.P.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoriyuki Nakamura
- Tea Science Research Center, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.P.); (Y.N.)
| | - Mamoru Isemura
- Tea Science Research Center, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.P.); (Y.N.)
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Ye F, Tian S, Hu H, Yu Z. Electroacupuncture reduces scopolamine-induced amnesia via mediating the miR-210/SIN3A and miR-183/SIN3A signaling pathway. Mol Med 2020; 26:107. [PMID: 33183243 PMCID: PMC7661264 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of SIN3A is closely correlated with electroacupuncture (EA) treatment efficacy of scopolamine-induced amnesia (SIA), but its underlying mechanisms remain to be further explored. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyze the expression of candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) and SIN3A mRNA in a rat model of SIA. Western blot was carried out to evaluate the differential expression of SIN3A proteins under different circumstances. Luciferase assay was used to explore the inhibitory role of certain miRNAs in SIN3A expression. A novel object recognition (NOR) test was performed to assess the memory function of SIA rats undergoing EA treatment. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to evaluate the expression of SIN3A in the hippocampus of SIA rats. Results Rno-miR-183-5p, rno-miR-34c-3p and rno-miR-210-3p were significantly up-regulated in SIA rats treated with EA. In addition, rno-miR-183-5p and rno-miR-210-3p exerted an inhibitory effect on SIN3A expression. EA treatment of SIA rats effectively restored the dysregulated expression of rno-miR-183-5p, rno-miR-210-3p and SIN3A. EA treatment also promoted the inhibited expression of neuronal IEGs including Arc, Egr1, Homer1 and Narp in the hippocampus of SIA rats. Accordingly, the NOR test also confirmed the effect of EA treatment on the improvement of memory in SIA rats. Conclusion In summary, the findings of this study demonstrated that scopolamine-induced amnesia was associated with downregulated expression of miR-210/miR-183 and upregulated expression of SIN3A. Furthermore, treatment with EA alleviated scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats and was associated with upregulated expression of miR-210/miR-183 and downregulated expression of SIN3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Shiming Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Huimin Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhengwen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China.
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Unsaturated mannuronate oligosaccharide ameliorates β-amyloid pathology through autophagy in Alzheimer's disease cell models. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:117124. [PMID: 33142656 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Unsaturated mannuronate oligosaccharide (MOS) is an enzymatic depolymerization product from alginate-derived polymannuronate (PM). In this study, we investigated for the first time the potential therapeutic effect of MOS on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its molecular mechanism in N2a-sw cells and 3×Tg-AD primary cortex neurons. Our results showed that MOS ranges from mannuronate dimer to mannuronate undecamer (M2-M11) with an unsaturated nonreducing terminal structure and with a double bond and 1,4-glycosidic linkages. It significantly inhibited the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ)1-42 oligomer, decreased expression of Aβ1-42 and reduced levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and BACE1. It promoted the autophagy, which involves the inactivation of mTOR signaling pathway and the facilitation of the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Finally, autophagy inhibitors blocked MOS' anti-AD actions, confirming the involvement of autophagy. In conclusion, MOS from seaweed alginate might be a promising nutraceutical or natural medicine for AD therapy.
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Wang T, Kuang W, Chen W, Xu W, Zhang L, Li Y, Li H, Peng Y, Chen Y, Wang B, Xiao J, Li H, Yan C, Du Y, Tang M, He Z, Chen H, Li W, Lin H, Shi S, Bi J, Zhou H, Cheng Y, Gao X, Guan Y, Huang Q, Chen K, Xin X, Ding J, Geng M, Xiao S. A phase II randomized trial of sodium oligomannate in Alzheimer's dementia. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:110. [PMID: 32928279 PMCID: PMC7489025 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium oligomannate (GV-971), a marine-derived oligosaccharide, is a novel agent that may improve cognition in AD patients. METHODS The 24-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo parallel controlled clinical trial was conducted in AD in China between 24 October 2011 and 10 July 2013. The study included a 4-week screening/washout period, followed by a 24-week treatment period. Patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive GV-971 900 mg, 600 mg, or placebo capsule in treatment period, respectively. The primary outcome was cognitive improvement as assessed by changes in Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale 12-item (ADAS-cog12) scores from baseline to week 24. The secondary efficacy outcomes included CIBIC-Plus, ADCS-ADL, and NPI at 24 weeks after treatment compared with baseline. A subgroup study was assessment of the change in cerebral glucose metabolism by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography measurements. RESULTS Comparing with the placebo group (n = 83, change - 1.45), the ADAS-cog12 score change in the GV-971 600-mg group (n = 76) was - 1.39 (p = 0.89) and the GV-971 900-mg group (n = 83) was - 2.58 (p = 0.30). The treatment responders according to CIBIC-Plus assessment were significantly higher in the GV-971 900-mg group than the placebo group (92.77% vs. 79.52%, p < 0.05). The GV-971 900-mg subgroup showed a lower decline of cerebral metabolic rate for glucose than the placebo subgroup at the left precuneus, right posterior cingulate, bilateral hippocampus, and bilateral inferior orbital frontal at uncorrected p = 0.05. The respective rates of treatment-related AEs were 5.9%, 14.3%, and 3.5%. CONCLUSIONS GV-971 was safe and well tolerated. GV-971 900 mg was chosen for phase III clinical study. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01453569 . Registered on October 18, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated with the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwei Xu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Neurology, The Hospital of 81st Group Army PLA, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Hailin Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baojun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jinsong Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Honghua Li
- Department of Neurology, Central War Zone General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mouni Tang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Guangzhou Brian Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Shugui Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital Affiliated to AMU (Southwest Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Bi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huadong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University general hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoping Gao
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- PET Center Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu Huang
- Med-X Research Institution, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Xianliang Xin
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Wang X, Sun G, Feng T, Zhang J, Huang X, Wang T, Xie Z, Chu X, Yang J, Wang H, Chang S, Gong Y, Ruan L, Zhang G, Yan S, Lian W, Du C, Yang D, Zhang Q, Lin F, Liu J, Zhang H, Ge C, Xiao S, Ding J, Geng M. Geng et al. reply. Cell Res 2020; 30:820. [PMID: 32661309 PMCID: PMC7609299 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guangqiang Sun
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Teng Feng
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zuoquan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xingkun Chu
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shuaishuai Chang
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanxue Gong
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lingfei Ruan
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guanqun Zhang
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Siyuan Yan
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wen Lian
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Du
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dabing Yang
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qingli Zhang
- Institutional Technology Service Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Feifei Lin
- Institutional Technology Service Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Institutional Technology Service Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changrong Ge
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rao
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Woo Y, Lim JS, Oh J, Lee JS, Kim JS. Neuroprotective Effects of Euonymus alatus Extract on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050449. [PMID: 32456069 PMCID: PMC7278771 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Euonymus alatus is considered to elicit various beneficial effects against cancer, hyperglycemia, menstrual discomfort, diabetic complications, and detoxification. The young leaves of this plant are exploited as food and also utilized for traditional medicine in East Asian countries, including Korea and China. Our preliminary study demonstrated that ethanolic extract from the Euonymus alatus leaf (EAE) exhibited the strongest antioxidant enzyme-inducing activity among more than 100 kinds of edible tree leaf extracts. This study investigated whether EAE could attenuate the cognitive deficits caused by oxidative stress in mice. Oral intubation of EAE at 100 mg/kg bw or higher resulted in significant improvements to the memory and behavioral impairment induced via i.p. injection of scopolamine. Furthermore, EAE enhanced the expression levels of hippocampal neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor in mice, activated the Nrf2, and the downstream heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) a quintessential antioxidant enzyme. As rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinose) was abundantly present in EAE and free quercetin was able to induce defensive antioxidant enzymes in an Nrf2-dependent manner, our findings suggested that quercetin derived from rutin via the intestinal microflora played a significant role in the protection of the mouse hippocampus from scopolamine-induced damage through BDNF-mediated Nrf2 activation, thereby dampening cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Woo
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus) and Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Lim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus) and Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus) and Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jeong Soon Lee
- Forest Resources Development Institute of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Andong 36605, Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus) and Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Succinamide Derivatives Ameliorate Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Scopolamine-Induced Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030443. [PMID: 32183056 PMCID: PMC7175202 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-mediated neuroinflammatory events are the hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. The current study aimed to synthesize a series of novel succinamide derivatives and to further investigate the neuroprotective potential of these compounds against scopolamine-induced neuronal injury by in silico, morphological, and biochemical approaches. The characterization of all the succinamide derivatives was carried out spectroscopically via proton NMR (1H-NMR), FTIR and elemental analysis. Further in vivo experiments showed that scopolamine induced neuronal injury, characterized by downregulated glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase, and upregulated lipid peroxidation (LPO). Moreover, scopolamine increased the expression of inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase2 (COX2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), further associated with cognitive impairment. On the other hand, treatment with succinamide derivatives ameliorated the biochemical and immunohistochemical alterations induced by scopolamine, further supported by the results obtained from molecular docking and binding affinities.
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Xing M, Cao Q, Wang Y, Xiao H, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Ji A, Song S. Advances in Research on the Bioactivity of Alginate Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E144. [PMID: 32121067 PMCID: PMC7142810 DOI: 10.3390/md18030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a natural polysaccharide present in various marine brown seaweeds. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) is a degradation product of alginate, which has received increasing attention due to its low molecular weight and promising biological activity. The wide-ranging biological activity of AOS is closely related to the diversity of their structures. AOS with a specific structure and distinct applications can be obtained by different methods of alginate degradation. This review focuses on recent advances in the biological activity of alginate and its derivatives, including their anti-tumor, anti-oxidative, immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, and hypoglycemic properties, as well as the ability to suppress obesity and promote cell proliferation and regulate plant growth. We hope that this review will provide theoretical basis and inspiration for the high-value research developments and utilization of AOS-related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochen Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Qi Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Han Xiao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Qing Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
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Bandaru N, Ramu A, Vidhyadhara S. Neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of fraction isolated from methanolic extract of Sapindus laurifolia on scopolamine induced dementia. Pharmacognosy Res 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_50_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Fawzi SF, Menze ET, Tadros MG. Deferiprone ameliorates memory impairment in Scopolamine-treated rats: The impact of its iron-chelating effect on β-amyloid disposition. Behav Brain Res 2020; 378:112314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ju S, Seo JY, Lee SK, Oh J, Kim JS. Oral administration of hydrolyzed red ginseng extract improves learning and memory capability of scopolamine-treated C57BL/6J mice via upregulation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant mechanism. J Ginseng Res 2019; 45:108-118. [PMID: 33437162 PMCID: PMC7791004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) contains a variety of ginsenosides that can be metabolized to a biologically active substance, compound K. Previous research showed that compound K could be enriched in the red ginseng extract (RGE) after hydrolysis by pectinase. The current study investigated whether the enzymatically hydrolyzed red ginseng extract (HRGE) containing a notable level of compound K has cognitive improving and neuroprotective effects. Methods A scopolamine-induced hypomnesic mouse model was subjected to behavioral tasks, such as the Y-maze, passive avoidance, and the Morris water maze tests. After sacrificing the mice, the brains were collected, histologically examined (hematoxylin and eosin staining), and the expressions of antioxidant proteins analyzed by western blot. Results Behavioral assessment indicated that the oral administration of HRGE at a dosage of 300 mg/kg body weight reversed scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits. Histological examination demonstrated that the hippocampal damage observed in scopolamine-treated mouse brains was reduced by HRGE administration. In addition, HRGE administration increased the expression of nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 and its downstream antioxidant enzymes NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase and heme oxygenase-1 in hippocampal tissue homogenates. An in vitro assay using HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells demonstrated that HRGE treatment attenuated glutamate-induced cytotoxicity by decreasing the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Conclusion These findings suggest that HRGE administration can effectively alleviate hippocampus-mediated cognitive impairment, possibly through cytoprotective mechanisms, preventing oxidative-stress-induced neuronal cell death via the upregulation of phase 2 antioxidant molecules.
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Key Words
- ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
- BW, body weight
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- Cognition
- DCF, dichlorofluorescein
- DCFH, 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- HRGE, hydrolyzed red ginseng extract
- KO, knockout
- Korean Red Ginseng
- Learning and memory
- NQO1, NAD(P):quinone oxidoreductase 1
- Neuroprotection
- Nrf2, nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2
- PPD, protopanaxadiol
- Pectinase-mediated hydrolysis
- RGE, red ginseng extract
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- WT, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Ju
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Seo
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kwon Lee
- Ginseng Biotech Research Team, Ilhwa Co. Ltd, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Yin S, Ran Q, Yang J, Zhao Y, Li C. Nootropic effect of neferine on aluminium chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease in experimental models. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 34:e22429. [PMID: 31860774 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease, which is developed by oxidative stress and acetylcholine contraction in the synaptic cleft of the neurons. This leads to dementia, memory loss, and decrease in learning ability and orientation. In this research work, we aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of neferine on AlCl3 -induced AD in rats. The results of our study revealed that the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide in the hippocampus leads to the development of AD in the rats. The oral treatment of neferine done the following occurrences such as; it potentially inhibited the ROS formation and acts as a scavenging molecule by preventing the neurodegeneration. It also improved the memory and learning ability to complete the maze activity in the AD rats and significantly increased the antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione in neferine treated AD rats. It aggressively declined the activity of acetylcholine esterase and Na+ K+ ATPase in the neurodegenerative rat models. The gene expression pattern of neuroinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were decreased in the neferine-treated rats. The neuroinflammatory proteins such as inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa β (Nf-κβ) were decreased and Nf-κβ inhibitor IKBα was increased in the neferine-treated AD rats. Finally, the histology study proved that the neferine treatment possibly prevents neurodegeneration in the hippocampus tissue of the AD models. Hence, these all findings concluded that the neferine could be a potential neuropreventive as well as neurodegenerative therapeutic compound in neurological and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaizeng Yin
- Department of Encephalopathy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Ran
- Department of Encephalopathy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- Department of Encephalopathy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Department of Encephalopathy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Sharma P, Tripathi A, Tripathi PN, Singh SS, Singh SP, Shrivastava SK. Novel Molecular Hybrids of N-Benzylpiperidine and 1,3,4-Oxadiazole as Multitargeted Therapeutics to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4361-4384. [PMID: 31491074 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multitargeted hybrids of N-benzylpiperidine and substituted 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles were designed, synthesized, and evaluated against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tested compounds exhibited moderate to excellent inhibition against human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE), butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE), and beta-secretase-1 (hBACE-1). The potential leads 6g and 10f exhibited balanced inhibitory profiles against all the targets, with a substantial displacement of propidium iodide from the peripheral anionic site of hAChE. Hybrids 6g and 10f also elicited favorable permeation across the blood-brain barrier and were devoid of neurotoxic liability toward SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Both leads remarkably disassembled Aβ aggregation in thioflavin T-based self- and AChE-induced experiments. Compounds 6g and 10f ameliorated scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunctions in the Y-maze test. The ex vivo studies of rat brain homogenates established the reduced AChE levels and antioxidant activity of both compounds. Compound 6g also elicited noteworthy improvement in Aβ-induced cognitive dysfunctions in the Morris water maze test with downregulation in the expression of Aβ and BACE-1 proteins corroborated by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. The pharmacokinetic study showed excellent oral absorption characteristics of compound 6g. The in silico molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies of lead compounds affirmed their consensual binding interactions with PAS-AChE and aspartate dyad of BACE-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoosh Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Avanish Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Prabhash Nath Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Saumitra Sen Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221 005, India
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Tang KS. The cellular and molecular processes associated with scopolamine-induced memory deficit: A model of Alzheimer's biomarkers. Life Sci 2019; 233:116695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sohn E, Lim HS, Kim YJ, Kim BY, Jeong SJ. Annona atemoya Leaf Extract Improves Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment by Preventing Hippocampal Cholinergic Dysfunction and Neuronal Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143538. [PMID: 31331043 PMCID: PMC6679418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the preventative effect of Annona atemoya leaf (AAL) extract on memory impairment in a scopolamine (SCO)-induced cognitive deficit mouse model. Fifty-eight mice were randomly divided into six groups and orally treated with AAL extract at (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) or tacrine (TAC) for 21 days. Memory deficits were induced by a single injection of 1 mg/kg SCO (i.p.) and memory improvement was evaluated by using behavioral tests such as the passive avoidance task and Y-maze test. The levels of cholinergic functions, neuronal cell death, reactive oxygen species, and protein expression related to hippocampal neurogenesis were examined by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. The administration of AAL extract improved memory impairment according to increased spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze and step-through latency in passive avoidance test. AAL extract treatment increased the acetylcholine content, choline acetyltransferase, and acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus of SCO-stimulated mice. In addition, AAL extract attenuated oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death of hippocampal tissue. In terms of the regulatory mechanisms, AAL extract treatment reversed the SCO-induced decreases in the expression of Akt, phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Our findings demonstrate that AAL extract has the ability to alleviate memory impairment through preventative effect on cholinergic system dysfunction and oxidative stress-related neuronal cell death in a SCO-induced memory deficit animal model. Overall, AAL may be a promising plant resource for the managing memory dysfunction due to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Sohn
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Hye-Sun Lim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Bu-Yeo Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
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Li F, Kim MR. Effect of Aged Garlic Ethyl Acetate Extract on Oxidative Stress and Cholinergic Function of Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2019; 24:165-170. [PMID: 31328121 PMCID: PMC6615362 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of aged black garlic ethyl acetate extract on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Aged garlic ethyl acetate extract (BG) was administrated at a dose of 25 or 50 mg/ kg in scopolamine-induced mice. Cognitive ability was evaluated using a Morris water maze test and a passive avoidance test. BGs (50 mg/kg) shortened the latency time that was increased by scopolamine and increased the platform crossing numbers that was significantly shortened by scopolamine after 5 days training in the Morris water maze test (P<0.05). BG (50 mg/kg) also significantly prolonged the latency time in the passive avoidance test (P<0.05). Result from biochemical analysis showed that BG increased levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase activity, and glutathione reductase activity, whereas BG significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation (P<0.05). BG also attenuated cholinergic degradation through inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity and increasing choline acetyltransferase activity (P<0.05). In conclusion, BG protected against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment through decreasing oxidative damage and regulating cholinergic function in the brains of mice. BG may therefore be a beneficial food for protecting against neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyi Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Marine Algae in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123061. [PMID: 31234555 PMCID: PMC6628294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the main contributors to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Microglial and astrocyte activation is a brain defense mechanism to counteract harmful pathogens and damaged tissues, while their prolonged activation induces neuroinflammation that can trigger or exacerbate neurodegeneration. Unfortunately, to date there are no pharmacological therapies able to slow down or stop the progression of neurodegeneration. For this reason, research is turning to the identification of natural compounds with protective action against these diseases. Considering the important role of neuroinflammation in the onset and development of neurodegenerative pathologies, natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activity could be good candidates for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Marine organisms represent a huge source of natural compounds, and among them, algae are appreciated sources of important bioactive components such as antioxidants, proteins, vitamins, minerals, soluble dietary fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, sterols, carotenoids, tocopherols, terpenes, phycobilins, phycocolloids, and phycocyanins. Recently, numerous anti-inflammatory compounds have been isolated from marine algae with potential protective efficacy against neuroinflammation. This review highlights the key inflammatory processes involved in neurodegeneration and the potential of specific compounds from marine algae to counteract neuroinflammation in the CNS.
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Inhibition of Oxidative Neurotoxicity and Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment by γ-Mangostin: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3640753. [PMID: 31019651 PMCID: PMC6451816 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3640753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Among a series of xanthones identified from mangosteen, the fruit of Garcinia mangostana L. (Guttifereae), α- and γ-mangostins are known to be major constituents exhibiting diverse biological activities. However, the effects of γ-mangostin on oxidative neurotoxicity and impaired memory are yet to be elucidated. In the present study, the protective effect of γ-mangostin on oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death and its underlying action mechanism(s) were investigated and compared to that of α-mangostin using primary cultured rat cortical cells. In addition, the effect of orally administered γ-mangostin on scopolamine-induced memory impairment was evaluated in mice. We found that γ-mangostin exhibited prominent protection against H2O2- or xanthine/xanthine oxidase-induced oxidative neuronal death and inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation triggered by these oxidative insults. In contrast, α-mangostin had no effects on the oxidative neuronal damage or associated ROS production. We also found that γ-mangostin, not α-mangostin, significantly inhibited H2O2-induced DNA fragmentation and activation of caspases 3 and 9, demonstrating its antiapoptotic action. In addition, only γ-mangostin was found to effectively inhibit lipid peroxidation and DPPH radical formation, while both mangostins inhibited β-secretase activity. Furthermore, we observed that the oral administration of γ-mangostin at dosages of 10 and 30 mg/kg markedly improved scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Collectively, these results provide both in vitro and in vivo evidences for the neuroprotective and memory enhancing effects of γ-mangostin. Multiple mechanisms underlying this neuroprotective action were suggested in this study. Based on our findings, γ-mangostin could serve as a potentially preferable candidate over α-mangostin in combatting oxidative stress-associated neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease.
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Ahmad L, Mujahid M, Mishra A, Rahman MA. Protective role of hydroalcoholic extract of Cajanus cajan Linn leaves against memory impairment in sleep deprived experimental rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2019; 11:471-477. [PMID: 30661946 PMCID: PMC7772481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The plant Cajanus cajan had earlier shown protective effect against hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in rats. Objective Hence, hydroalcoholic extract of C. cajan Linn leaves (HECC) was evaluated for its protective role against memory impairment in sleep-deprived Sprague Dawley rats. Materials and methods Adult rats were divided into five groups each consisting of 5 rats (n = 5). Groups I, II, III, IV and V received 1 mL/kg 1% CMC, 1 mL/kg 1% CMC, 200 mg/kg HECC, 400 mg/kg HECC and 200 mg/kg piracetam respectively as per b.wt. orally everyday for 14 days. Animals of every groups except group-I were subjected to sleep-deprivation from 15th to 19th day for induction of memory impairment. Behavioral activities i.e., elevated plus maze test and locomotor activity were evaluated. Afterwards, brain was isolated from the sacrificed animals for biochemical investigation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE); antioxidant activities i.e., catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxide; and histopathological changes. Results The percent number of entries, number of entries in open arm, AChE activity, lipid peroxide activity of HECC-treated group-III and group-IV were significantly (p < 0.01) decreased while, their CAT and SOD activities were significantly (p < 0.01) increased in dose-dependent manner as compared to sleep-deprived group-II. The activities of group-IV were almost significantly equivalent to that of piracetam-treated group-V. Protective effect of HECC was well supported with brain's histopathology. Conclusion HECC possesses a protective effect against memory impairment indicating its therapeutic efficacy against memory loss as in Alzheimer's disease. Probable underlying mechanisms may be brain's AChE inhibition and increased antioxidant potential by HECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layeeq Ahmad
- Bioactive Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Md Mujahid
- Bioactive Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Anuradha Mishra
- Bioactive Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India.
| | - Md Azizur Rahman
- Bioactive Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
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Aykac A, Ozbeyli D, Uncu M, Ertaş B, Kılınc O, Şen A, Orun O, Sener G. Evaluation of the protective effect of Myrtus communis in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer model through cholinergic receptors. Gene 2018; 689:194-201. [PMID: 30553998 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing common health problem with increasing age. Evidences show that the key symptoms of AD are mainly caused by cholinergic system dysfunction which has a role in cognitive disorders. Cholinergic pathways especially muscarinic receptors like M1 subtype also have a major role in learning, memory, cognitive functions and emotional state. There is no available permanent treatment currently to cure AD or to change its progression. This study was designed to investigate the factors that play important role in pathogenesis of AD and to compare the effects of Galantamine treatment with effects of Myrtus communis treatment. The expression level of M1, ACh, BDNF; AChE activity, GSH level, MDA and MPO activity and AChE gene expression were investigated in scopolamine-induced rat model. Results showed that, administration of MC significantly improves the SCOP-induced reduction of latency and object recognition time; increasing BDNF, M1 and ACh receptor expression levels in the different brain regions. Additionally, MC showed an increased in AChE by enhancing GSH activity and reducing MDA level and MPO activity. In conclusion MC considered as a possible novel therapeutic approach that can be a valuable alternative way in the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Aykac
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Dilek Ozbeyli
- Vocational School of Health Services, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Uncu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dr. Burhan Nalbantoglu State Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Büşra Ertaş
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olca Kılınc
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Şen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Orun
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goksel Sener
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Diosmin is neuroprotective in a rat model of scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1376-1383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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The protective effect of polysaccharide extracted from Portulaca oleracea L. against Pb-induced learning and memory impairments in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:617-623. [PMID: 30036620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper studied the extraction of polysaccharide from Portulaca oleracea L. (POP) by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation. Structural properties of the extracted polymers were determined. POP was composed of rhamnose, arabinose and galactose in ratios of 1: 2.34: 3.07 with a molecular weight of 1.55 × 107 Da. The neuroprotective effect of POP on Pb-induced neuronal toxicity was then evaluated in vitro and in vivo test. Treatment with POP markedly increased the survival of PC12 cells and repressed the generation of reactive oxygen species following Pb exposure. In Morris water maze analysis, Pb exposure led to an increase in escape latency and a decrease in platform crossing times of rats in the probe test, which could be attenuated by POP treatment. Additionally, the Pb-induced loss of dendritic spine was recovered after feeding rats with POP at 600 mg/kg/day. These results indicated that Pb-induced cognitive impairments could be inhibited by POP.
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