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Vasudevan, Nur Afiqah, Mohd Nazil, Wan Aliaa WS, Liyana Najwa IM, Mohd Hazmi, Siew Mooi, Abdul Hanif Khan YK, Hamidon, Pannerselvam, Suganthi, Narenkumar. Genetic Susceptibility Variants of Vascular Dementia among Asians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2024; 53:200-216. [PMID: 38636474 DOI: 10.1159/000538864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vascular dementia (VaD), a neurocognitive impairment directly related to vascular injury, is the second most common cause of age-related dementia. Although numerous studies have investigated candidate genetic polymorphisms associated with VaD in Asia, the genetics of VaD remains unclear. METHODS This review provides an updated meta-analysis of genetic polymorphisms associated with VaD in Asians, using the PRISMA guidelines. Published literature up to May 2021 was extracted from the PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, and EBSCOhost databases. Meta-analysis was conducted using the Open Meta analyst, Review Manager, and MedCalc® Statistical Software. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed using TSA viewer software. RESULTS A total of 46 eligible studies, comprising 23 genes and 35 single nucleotide polymorphisms, were retrieved. The meta-analysis was conducted on the following genetic polymorphisms, APOE ε2/3/4, MTHFR rs1801131, ACE rs4340 (I/D) gene polymorphism, and a PSEN1 intron 8 variant. The pooled odds ratio (ORs) revealed a significant increase in the risk of VaD in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allelic model (OR, 1.79, p < 0.001), and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801133 polymorphism T allele in the allelic model (OR, 1.23, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence that genetic polymorphisms of the APOE ε4 allele and MTHFR rs1801133 T allele increase the risk of developing VaD in Asians. However, future large-scale investigations examining particularly on South-Eastern and West-Asian populations are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan
- Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Afiqah
- Centre for Foundation Studies, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazil
- Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W S Wan Aliaa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - I M Liyana Najwa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hazmi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Siew Mooi
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Y K Abdul Hanif Khan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Hamidon
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Pannerselvam
- Department of Physiology, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Salem, India
| | - Suganthi
- Department of Physiology, Vinayaka Mission's Kirupanada Variar Medical College and Hospital, Salem, India
| | - Narenkumar
- Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering (SCE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Guerreiro R, Gibbons E, Tábuas-Pereira M, Kun-Rodrigues C, Santo GC, Bras J. Genetic architecture of common non-Alzheimer's disease dementias. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 142:104946. [PMID: 32439597 PMCID: PMC8207829 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the most common forms of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD). The heterogeneity of these disorders and/or the clinical overlap with other diseases hinder the study of their genetic components. Even though Mendelian dementias are rare, the study of these forms of disease can have a significant impact in the lives of patients and families and have successfully brought to the fore many of the genes currently known to be involved in FTD and VaD, starting to give us a glimpse of the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypes. More recently, genome-wide association studies have also pointed to disease risk-associated loci. This has been particularly important for DLB where familial forms of disease are very rarely described. In this review we systematically describe the Mendelian and risk genes involved in these non-AD dementias in an effort to contribute to a better understanding of their genetic architecture, find differences and commonalities between different dementia phenotypes, and uncover areas that would benefit from more intense research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Guerreiro
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Gibbons
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Miguel Tábuas-Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Celia Kun-Rodrigues
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Gustavo C Santo
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jose Bras
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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The ACE Gene Is Associated with Late-Life Major Depression and Age at Dementia Onset in a Population-Based Cohort. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 25:170-177. [PMID: 27639288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression and dementia in the elderly have been suggested to share similar risk factors and pathogenetic background, and recently the authors reported that the APOEɛ4 allele is a risk factor for both disorders in the general population. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of the well-known polymorphisms rs1799752 in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and rs5186 in the angiotensin receptor II type 1 (AGTR1) on late-life depression and dementia in a population-based Swedish cohort of older individuals followed over 12 years. METHODS In 2000-2001, 900 individuals underwent neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological examinations. Follow-up evaluations were performed in 2005-2006 and 2009-2010, and register data on dementia to 2012 were included. Cross-sectional associations between genotypes/alleles and depression and dementia at baseline and between genotypes/alleles and depression on at least one occasion during the study period and dementia onset to 2012 were investigated. RESULTS As previously found for rs1799752 in ACE, rs5186 in AGTR1 was associated with dementia at baseline (OR: 3.25 [CI: 1.42-7.06], z = 2.90, p = 0.004). These associations became substantially weaker, or disappeared, when dementia onset to 2012 was included. For rs1799752 this could be explained by a significant association with age at onset (mean: 79.5 [SD: 6.45] years for risk-genotype carriers and 81.7 [SD: 7.12] years for carriers of other genotypes, b = -2.43, t = -2.38, df = 192, p = 0.02). When individuals with major depression on at least one occasion were analyzed, a significant association (OR: 2.14 [95% CI: 1.13-4.20], z = 2.28, p = 0.02), remaining after exclusion of dementia, with rs1799752 in ACE was found. CONCLUSION In this population-based sample of older individuals, genetic variations in ACE seem to be important both for late-life major depression and dementia.
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Srinivasan V, Braidy N, Chan EKW, Xu YH, Chan DKY. Genetic and environmental factors in vascular dementia: an update of blood brain barrier dysfunction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:515-21. [PMID: 26859837 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) describes a combination of both cognitive and behavioural manifestations associated with variable brain lesions of vascular origin. While vascular risk factors have been implicated in VaD, the relationship is most evident when the factors are considered together and not individually. This review will examine the significance of the integrity of blood brain barrier (BBB) tight junction (TJ) proteins - occludin and claudins in the pathophysiology of VaD. Specifically, some of the genetic contributors to VaD, namely those responsible for the integrity of the BBB, will be reviewed in detail. Moreover, environmental factors will be considered in conjunction with these genes to examine how the interaction of environmental and genetic factors contributes to one's susceptibility to VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Srinivasan
- Department of Aged Care and Rehabilitation, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Department of Aged Care and Rehabilitation, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, Australia.,Ingham Institute, Liverpool, Australia.,School of Psychiatry, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eunice K W Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Macarthur, Australia
| | - Ying-Hua Xu
- Department of Aged Care and Rehabilitation, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Ingham Institute, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Daniel K Y Chan
- Department of Aged Care and Rehabilitation, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Ingham Institute, Liverpool, Australia
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Yenilmez C, Ozdemir Koroglu Z, Kurt H, Yanas M, Colak E, Degirmenci I, Gunes HV. A study of the possible association of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 4G/5G insertion/deletion polymorphism with susceptibility to schizophrenia and in its subtypes. J Clin Pharm Ther 2016; 42:103-107. [PMID: 27796029 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Inhibition of the fibrinolytic system may occur at the level of plasminogen activation, mainly by PAI-1. Mental and physical stress caused to alterations of platelet function, and also decreased to fibrinolytic activity. Furthermore, stress-induced thrombosis regulation was proposed to be by PAI-1 in schizophrenia patients. In this study, the distribution of genotypes and frequency of alleles of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) gene 4G/5G polymorphism in different Turkish clinical schizophrenia subtypes was investigated for its role in schizophrenia development. METHODS The clinical schizophrenia subtypes include paranoid, catatonic, disorganized, undifferentiated and residual, as diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition IV (DSM-IV). Samples of genomic DNA (250 total, including 150 schizophrenia patients and 100 healthy subjects) were analysed. PAI-1 4G/5G genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-allele-specific amplification. PCR products were separated by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and then visualized. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The genotype distributions (P = 0·136) and allele frequencies (P = 0·721 for 4G, P = 0. 097 for 5G) were not significantly different between patients with schizophrenia and control subjects for the 4G/5G polymorphism. Similar results were also found for the genotype distributions (P = 0·640) and allele frequencies (P = 0·763 for 4G, P = 0·448 for 5G) in the clinical schizophrenia subtypes compared to the each other. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION We conclude that PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism was not significantly associated with schizophrenia or its subtypes in the Turkish population. However, we recognize that with our sample sizes, we cannot exclude weak associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yenilmez
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Z Ozdemir Koroglu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Vocational School of Health Services, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - H Kurt
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - M Yanas
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - E Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - I Degirmenci
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - H V Gunes
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Sun JH, Tan L, Wang HF, Tan MS, Tan L, Li JQ, Xu W, Zhu XC, Jiang T, Yu JT. Genetics of Vascular Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:611-29. [PMID: 25835425 DOI: 10.3233/jad-143102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia. So far, little is known about the contribution of genetic polymorphisms to the risk of VaD. Many candidate genetic polymorphisms have been examined in a large number of studies. However, due to the conflicting results, the genetics of VaD is still behind the shadow. OBJECTIVE We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis on associations between genetic polymorphisms of any gene and VaD to investigate the genetics of VaD. METHOD We sought the published studies of associations between any genetic polymorphism and VaD and critically appraised them. We assessed the effects of genetic models by calculating pooled odds ratios (ORs), investigating the origin of heterogeneity by subgroup analysis, and testing the robustness by random effect model and sensitivity analysis. RESULTS 69 studies with 4,462 cases and 11,583 controls were included. We identified APOE ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 and additional four genetic polymorphisms including MTHFR C677T, PON1 L55M, TGF-β1 +29C/T, and TNF-α -850C/T associated with VaD. Tested by random effect model and sensitivity analysis, the pooled results show nice robustness. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive meta-analysis highlighted the genetic contribution to sporadic VaD. Because of the small amount of data on associations between genetic polymorphisms, except for APOE, and VaD, more studies are needed to test the existing genetic polymorphisms and detect other related genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China.,College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Tan
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi-Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Manso-Calderón R, González-Sarmiento R. Genetic susceptibility to vascular cognitive impairment: a pathophysiological view. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) creates challenges for research on its genetic basis and pathophysiology. Despite well-known monogenic forms may be useful to understand some pathogenic mechanisms leading to VCI, most of VCIs are sporadic disorders resulting from the interaction between environmental, vascular and genetic factors. Genetic investigation for VCI may encompass both candidate genes that affect critical biological processes to VCI and common and rare genetic variants identified across the entire genome study technology, thereby enabling us to confirm or expose new biological mechanisms in VCI and develop new therapeutic and preventive approaches. Notwithstanding genetic susceptibility to VCI remains largely unknown owing to methodological issues. Collaborative efforts emerge as an interesting strategy to overcome these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Manso-Calderón
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca-CSIC-SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca-CSIC-SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine & Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC). University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
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Zhang H, Sachdev PS, Wen W, Crawford JD, Brodaty H, Baune BT, Kochan NA, Slavin MJ, Reppermund S, Kang K, Trollor JN. The relationship between inflammatory markers and voxel-based gray matter volumes in nondemented older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 37:138-146. [PMID: 26559883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is characterized by chronically elevated inflammatory markers (IMs). Peripheral IM levels have been found in negative correlations with brain structural measures including global and lobar volumes and the hippocampus. This study investigated the relationship between 10 peripheral IMs and voxel-based gray matter (GM) volumes in nondemented older adults (n = 463). Two proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-1β) and 2 vascular IMs (vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) were negatively correlated with regional GM volumes. TNF-α and interleukin-1β were both significantly correlated with GM volumes in the left occipitotemporal area, left superior occipital gyrus, and left inferior parietal lobule; TNF-α was also significantly correlated with the bilateral medial prefrontal cortices and approached significance for the correlations with the bilateral hippocampi. Significant GM correlations with vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 were located in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortices, and with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in the cerebellum and right hippocampus. The neuroanatomical correlation patterns of 2 proinflammatory cytokines and 2 vascular IMs might be reflective of the effects of neurodegenerative and vascular pathological processes in the ageing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Zhang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John D Crawford
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Academic Department for Old Age Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bernard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa J Slavin
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kristan Kang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Eom S, Lee C. Functions of intronic nucleotide variants in the gene encoding pleckstrin homology like domain beta 2 (PHLDB2) on susceptibility to vascular dementia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2013; 14:227-32. [PMID: 22111664 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2011.630407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A genome-wide association study (GWAS) failed to detect any genetic associations with susceptibility to vascular dementia (VaD) by the Bonferroni multiple test. This study aimed to discover false negative associations from the GWAS. METHODS We selected a candidate gene in which multiple associations were identified with its single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genetic associations were intensively examined with its SNPs using 207 VaD patients and 207 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Functions of candidate SNPs on splicing of the gene were predicted by an in silico analysis and evaluated by a minigene assay. RESULTS Genetic analysis with 80 SNPs of pleckstrin homology like domain beta 2 (PHLDB2) revealed 6 SNPs associated with VaD (P < 6.25 × 10(-4)). Among them, four SNPs in introns 2 and 3 were in complete linkage and associated also with VaD-related phenotypes (P < 0.05). Especially, rs951660 was predicted to produce splicing enhancers or serine/arginine-rich protein binding sites, and its minor allele (A) delayed expression of mRNA in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggested a novel association of susceptibility to VaD with the gene encoding PHLDB2. The minor allele, A, of its intronic SNP 'rs951660' might induce a delayed splicing and thus increase the susceptibility to VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Eom
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim Y, Kong M, Lee C. Association of intronic sequence variant in the gene encoding spleen tyrosine kinase with susceptibility to vascular dementia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2013; 14:220-6. [PMID: 23480133 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2011.559272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was aimed to identify a novel strong candidate gene for the susceptibility to vascular dementia (VaD) with comprehensive evidences. METHODS A preliminary genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to identify nucleotide sequence variants susceptible to VaD. Literature-based analysis and network analysis were conducted to single out the best candidate gene, and its association was thoroughly examined over its whole sequences. Functions of the most probable variant were predicted by in silico alternative splicing analysis and evaluated by minigene assay. RESULTS The GWAS showed the most significant variant in spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) gene. This concurred with the suggestions from both literature-based analysis and network analysis. Further association analysis over the whole SYK gene revealed that rs290227 in intron 8 was the most significant (P = 7.38 × 10(-11)). The subsequent in silico analysis showed that the intronic variant played potential roles in alternative splicing by skipping exon 8 or by truncating exon 9. It was validated by in vivo minigene assay that the G allele of rs290227 induced the delayed splicing. CONCLUSIONS We suggested a novel association of the VaD susceptibility with an intronic variant of rs290227 in the SYK gene. Its Gallele could render mature transcripts inappropriately by intron retention and thus lead to a genetic risk for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younyoung Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Life Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
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Complex genetic susceptibility to vascular dementia and an evidence for its underlying genetic factors associated with memory and associative learning. Gene 2012; 516:152-7. [PMID: 23262336 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic basis for vascular dementia (VD) as a typical complex disease has been limitedly reported from association studies conducted with candidate genes. Even recent genomewide association studies (GWAS) could hardly identify additional genetic factors for VD. Although a considerable complexity for its genetic architecture was suspected, there were some challenges to identify false negative associations that resulted from the GWAS. Challenges to identifying genetic factors and their functions after the trials of GWAS revealed that splicing of primary transcript was inhibited (SYK) or delayed (PHLDB2) by a nucleotide substitution of the corresponding gene. The studies gave us the lesson that integrated investigations with statistical genomics as well as functional genomics are needed to identify false negatives from the GWAS. Such endeavors would provide key insights into aspects of underlying nucleotide architectures of VD and incorporate the genetic factors into clinical practice. The recent genetic association studies for susceptibility to VD were briefly overviewed in this article. We also showed a challenge to understanding genetic dissection of VD by a genomic region enrichment analysis with distal cis-regulatory sequences. The analysis with a variant set of potential false negatives from the GWAS revealed that the variants were significantly enriched near genes involved in critical biological processes to VD.
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Multilocus genotypic association with vascular dementia by multifactor dimensionality reduction and entropy-based estimation. Psychiatr Genet 2009; 19:253-8. [DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e32832ceebd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu H, Liu M, Li W, Wu B, Zhang SH, Fang Y, Wang Y. Association of ACE I/D gene polymorphism with vascular dementia: a meta-analysis. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2009; 22:10-22. [PMID: 19073835 DOI: 10.1177/0891988708328221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular dementia is the second common cause of dementia, only second to Alzheimer's disease in later life, and has a greater mortality risk than Alzheimer's disease among the elderly population group. The angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism as a risk factor in vascular dementia has been suggested, but direct evidence from genetic association studies remain inconclusive. We performed a meta-analysis pooling data from all relevant studies in order to determine the effect of the insertion/deletion polymorphism on the vascular dementia. METHODS We applied a random-effects model or fixed-effects model to combine odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Q statistic was used to evaluate the homogeneity, and Egger's test and Funnel plot were used to assess publication bias. RESULTS A total of 10 studies were included worldwide. Publication bias was not observed. There was no evidence of the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism with the vascular dementia in general or in the Asian populations or in the Caucasian populations. CONCLUSIONS The angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism might be neutral to vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, PR China
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Mottl AK, Shoham DA, North KE. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to hypertension: a HuGE review. Genet Med 2008; 10:560-74. [PMID: 18641512 PMCID: PMC4993203 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e3181809613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) plays an integral role in blood pressure control, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Polymorphisms within this gene have been extensively studied in association with hypertension; however, findings are conflicting. To clarify these data, we conducted a systematic review of association studies of AGTR1 polymorphisms and hypertension, and performed a meta-analysis of the rs5186 variant. Results show that the currently available literature is too heterogeneous to draw meaningful conclusions. The definition of hypertension and gender composition of individual studies helps to explain this heterogeneity. Although the structure and splicing pattern of AGTR1 would suggest a likely effect of polymorphisms within the promoter region on gene function, few studies have been conducted thus far. In conclusion, there is insufficient evidence that polymorphisms in the AGTR1 gene are risk factors for hypertension. However, most studies are inadequately powered, and larger well-designed studies of haplotypes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Mottl
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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Jeong BH, Na HR, Bae JC, Lee KH, Lee YJ, Kim NH, Song JH, Carp RI, Kim YS. Absence of association between codon 129 and 219 polymorphisms of the prion protein gene and vascular dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2007; 24:86-90. [PMID: 17570906 DOI: 10.1159/000103913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of the prion protein gene (PRNP) are known to cause a strong susceptibility to the occurrence of prion diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and might be associated with other neurodegenerative disorders. However, an association between PRNP polymorphisms and vascular dementia (VaD) has not been reported thus far. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the PRNP polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk for developing VaD in the Korean population. METHODS We compared the genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of PRNP polymorphisms in 160 VaD patients with those in 236 healthy Koreans. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Codon 129 (M129V) and 219 (Q219K) polymorphisms in Korean VaD patients were found in the open reading frame of PRNP. Our study shows that there is no significant difference in the genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of PRNP codon 129 and 219 polymorphisms between Korean VaD patients and normal controls. This was the first genetic association study of the polymorphisms of PRNP with VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
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