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Lei S, Zhang P, Li W, Gao M, He X, Zheng J, Li X, Wang X, Wang N, Zhang J, Qi C, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y. Pre- and posttreatment with edaravone protects CA1 hippocampus and enhances neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats. ASN Neuro 2014; 6:6/6/1759091414558417. [PMID: 25388889 PMCID: PMC4357607 DOI: 10.1177/1759091414558417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Edaravone is clinically used for treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction. However, the effect of double application of edaravone on neurogenesis in the hippocampus following ischemia remains unknown. In the present study, we explored whether pre- and posttreatment of edaravone had any effect on neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in the subgranular zone of hippocampus in a rat model of transient global cerebral ischemia and elucidated the potential mechanism of its effects. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated (n = 15), control (n = 15), and edaravone-treated (n = 15) groups. Newly generated cells were labeled by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect neurogenesis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling was used to detect cell apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by 2,7-dichlorofluorescien diacetate assay in NSPCs in vitro. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and cleaved caspase-3 proteins were quantified by western blot analysis. Treatment with edaravone significantly increased the number of NSPCs and newly generated neurons in the subgranular zone (p < .05). Treatment with edaravone also decreased apoptosis of NSPCs (p < .01). Furthermore, treatment with edaravone significantly decreased ROS generation and inhibited HIF-1α and cleaved caspase-3 protein expressions. These findings indicate that pre- and posttreatment with edaravone enhances neurogenesis by protecting NSPCs from apoptosis in the hippocampus, which is probably mediated by decreasing ROS generation and inhibiting protein expressions of HIF-1α and cleaved caspase-3 after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Weisong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cunfang Qi
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
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Nishimura Y, Yata K, Nomoto T, Ogiwara T, Watanabe K, Shintou T, Tsuboyama A, Okano M, Umemoto N, Zhang Z, Kawabata M, Zhang B, Kuroyanagi J, Shimada Y, Miyazaki T, Imamura T, Tomimoto H, Tanaka T. Identification of a novel indoline derivative for in vivo fluorescent imaging of blood-brain barrier disruption in animal models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:1183-93. [PMID: 23668665 PMCID: PMC3750685 DOI: 10.1021/cn400010t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) can occur in various pathophysiological conditions. Administration of extraneous tracers that can pass the disrupted, but not the intact, BBB and detection of the extravasation have been widely used to assess BBB disruption in animal models. Although several fluorescent tracers have been successfully used, the administration of these tracers basically requires intravascular injection, which can be laborious when using small animals such as zebrafish. To identify fluorescent tracers that could be easily administered into various animal models and visualize the BBB disruption in vivo, we prepared nine structurally related indoline derivatives (IDs) as a minimum set of diverse fluorescent compounds. We found that one ID, ZMB741, had the highest affinity for serum albumin and emitted the strongest fluorescence in the presence of serum albumin of the nine IDs tested. The affinity to serum albumin and the fluorescence intensity was superior to those of Evans blue and indocyanine green that have been conventionally used to assess the BBB disruption. We showed that ZMB741 could be administered into zebrafish by static immersion or mice by intraperitoneal injection and visualizes the active disruption of their BBB. These results suggest that ZMB741 can be a convenient and versatile tool for in vivo fluorescent imaging of BBB disruption in various animal models. The strategy used in this study can also be applied to diversity-oriented libraries to identify novel fluorescent tracers that may be superior to ZMB741.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
- Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Tsu,
Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department
of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology
Innovation Institute, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
- Mie University Brain Science and Animal Model Research Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Yata
- Department
of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nomoto
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ogiwara
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Taichi Shintou
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Tsuboyama
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Mie Okano
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Noriko Umemoto
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
| | - Zi Zhang
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
| | - Miko Kawabata
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroyanagi
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
- Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Tsu,
Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department
of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology
Innovation Institute, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyazaki
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department
of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Mie University Brain Science and Animal Model Research Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
- Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Tsu,
Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department
of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology
Innovation Institute, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
- Mie University Brain Science and Animal Model Research Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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Decreased myeloperoxidase expressing cells in the aged rat brain after excitotoxic damage. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:723-30. [PMID: 21601629 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging is associated to several morphological and functional alterations that influence the evolution and outcome of CNS damage. Acute brain injury such as an excitotoxic insult induces initial tissue damage followed by associated inflammation and oxidative stress, partly attributed to neutrophil recruitment and the expression of oxidative enzymes such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), among others. However, to date, very few studies have focused on how age can influence neutrophil infiltration after acute brain damage. Therefore, to evaluate the age-dependent pattern of neutrophil cell infiltration following an excitotoxic injury, intrastriatal injection of N-methyl-d-aspartate was performed in young and aged male Wistar rats. Animals were sacrificed at different times between 12h post-lesion (hpl) to 14 days post-lesion (dpl). Cryostat sections were processed for myeloperoxidase (MPO) immunohistochemistry, and double labeling for either neuronal cells (NeuN), astrocytes (GFAP), perivascular macrophages (ED-2), or microglia/macrophages (tomato lectin histochemistry). Our observations showed that MPO + cells were observed in the injured striatum from 12 hpl (when maximum values were found) until 7 dpl, when cell density was strongly diminished. However, at all survival times analyzed, the overall density of MPO + cells was lower in the aged versus the adult injured striatum. MPO + cells were mainly identified as neutrophils (especially at 12 hpl and 1 dpl), but it should be noted that MPO + neurons and microglia/macrophages were also found. MPO + neurons were most commonly observed at 12 hpl and reduced in the aged. MPO + microglia/macrophages were the main population expressing MPO from 3 dpl, when density was also reduced in aged subjects. These results point to neutrophil infiltration as another important factor contributing to the different responses of the adult and aged brain to damage, highlighting the need of using aged animals for the study of acute age-related brain insults.
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Sun K, Hu Q, Zhou CM, Xu XS, Wang F, Hu BH, Zhao XY, Chang X, Chen CH, Huang P, An LH, Liu YY, Fan JY, Wang CS, Yang L, Han JY. Cerebralcare Granule, a Chinese herb compound preparation, improves cerebral microcirculatory disorder and hippocampal CA1 neuron injury in gerbils after ischemia-reperfusion. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:398-406. [PMID: 20580803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Cerebralcare Granule (CG) is a Chinese herb compound preparation that has been used for treatment of cerebrovascular related diseases. However, the effect of post-treatment with CG on ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) induced cerebral injury is so far unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS In present study, cerebral global I/R was induced in Mongolian gerbils by clamping bilateral carotid arteries for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 5 days, and CG (0.4 g/kg or 0.8 g/kg) was administrated 3h after the initiation of reperfusion. RESULTS Post-treatment with CG for 5 days attenuated the I/R-induced production of hydrogen peroxide in, leukocyte adhesion to, and albumin leakage from cerebral microvessels, and, meanwhile, protected neuron from death, reduced the number of caspase-3- and Bax-positive cells, and increased Bcl-2-positive cells in hippocampal CA1 region. CONCLUSION The results suggest that CG given after initiation of reperfusion is able to ameliorate cerebral microvascular dysfunction and hippocampal CA1 neuron damage caused by I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Du X, Chen Z, Li W, Tan Y, Lu J, Zhu X, Zhao T, Dong G, Zeng L. Development of novel microsatellite DNA markers by cross-amplification and analysis of genetic variation in gerbils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 101:710-6. [PMID: 20525768 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esq066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to establish microsatellite loci for the Mongolian gerbil based on mouse microsatellite DNA sequences and to investigate genetic variation in the laboratory gerbil (Capital Medical University, CMU) and 2 wild gerbil populations (from Yin Chuan city [YIN] and the Hohehot Municipality [HOH]). In total, 536 mouse microsatellite markers were chosen to identify polymorphic dinucleotide repeat loci in the gerbil by cross-amplification. Of these markers, 313 (58.39%) have been discretely amplified from the CMU laboratory gerbil and been sequenced. Of the 313 sequenced markers, 130 were confirmed as simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in the gerbil. In total, 6 of those newly identified loci plus 6 identified in previous reports were used to estimate the genetic polymorphism for 30 laboratory gerbils and 54 wild gerbils (27 each of the HOH and YIN groups). A total of 29 alleles were observed in the 3 populations, and 11 of 12 loci (91.67%) are polymorphic markers. Nei's standard genetic distances of 0.0592 (CMU vs. HOH) and 0.1033 (CMU vs. YIN) were observed. The averages of observed versus expected heterozygosity are 0.5231/0.4008, 0.5051/0.3882, and 0.4825/0.3665 for the YIN, HOH, and CMU populations, respectively. These results show that cross-amplification using mouse microsatellite primers is an efficient way to identify gerbil SSR loci. By using these 12 selected markers, we have demonstrated that genetic variation level within the CMU population is higher than that has been reported previously and are comparable with the levels found in 2 wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Du
- the Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Nam KW, Oh GT, Seo EK, Kim KH, Koo U, Lee SJ, Mar W. Nuclear factor kappaB-mediated down-regulation of adhesion molecules: possible mechanism for inhibitory activity of bigelovin against inflammatory monocytes adhesion to endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 123:250-256. [PMID: 19429369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The flowers of Inula britannica L. var. chinensis (Rupr.) Reg. (Compositae) are used in traditional medicine to treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, and acute pleurisy in China and Korea. However, the pharmacological actions of Inula britannica L. var. chinensis on endothelial cells and inflammatory monocytes are not clear. In this study, we investigated whether bigelovin, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the flowers of Inula britannica L. var. chinensis, inhibits monocyte adhesion and adhesion molecule expression in brain endothelial cells. We measured tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-enhanced Raw264.7 monocyte binding to brain endothelial cells and the levels of cell adhesion molecules, including vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and endothelial-selectin (E-selectin) on the surface of brain endothelial cells. Bigelovin significantly inhibited these in a dose-dependent manner without affecting cell viability. Furthermore, bigelovin suppressed the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) promoter-driven luciferase activity, NF-kappaB activation, and degradation of NF-kappaB inhibitor protein alpha (IkappaBalpha). These results indicate that bigelovin inhibits inflammatory monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin by blocking IkappaBalpha degradation and NF-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Woo Nam
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy & Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Webster CM, Kelly S, Koike MA, Chock VY, Giffard RG, Yenari MA. Inflammation and NFkappaB activation is decreased by hypothermia following global cerebral ischemia. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 33:301-12. [PMID: 19063968 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Revised: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that hypothermia attenuates inflammation in focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) by suppressing activating kinases of nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkappaB). Here we characterize the inflammatory response in global cerebral ischemia (GCI), and the influence of mild hypothermia. Rodents were subjected to GCI by bilateral carotid artery occlusion. The inflammatory response was accompanied by microglial activation, but not neutrophil infiltration, or blood brain barrier disruption. Mild hypothermia reduced CA1 damage, decreased microglial activation and decreased nuclear NFkappaB translocation and activation. Similar anti-inflammatory effects of hypothermia were observed in a model of pure brain inflammation that does not cause brain cell death. Primary microglial cultures subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) or stimulated with LPS under hypothermic conditions also experienced less activation and less NFkappaB translocation. However, NFkappaB regulatory proteins were not affected by hypothermia. The inflammatory response following GCI and hypothermia's anti-inflammatory mechanism is different from that observed in FCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Webster
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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