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Mello e Souza T. Unraveling molecular and system processes for fear memory. Neuroscience 2022; 497:14-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shao FB, Fang JF, Wang SS, Qiu MT, Xi DN, Jin XM, Liu JG, Shao XM, Shen Z, Liang Y, Fang JQ, Du JY. Anxiolytic effect of GABAergic neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex in a rat model of chronic inflammatory pain. Mol Brain 2021; 14:139. [PMID: 34507588 PMCID: PMC8431944 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain easily leads to concomitant mood disorders, and the excitability of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) pyramidal neurons (PNs) is involved in chronic pain-related anxiety. However, the mechanism by which PNs regulate pain-related anxiety is still unknown. The GABAergic system plays an important role in modulating neuronal activity. In this paper, we aimed to study how the GABAergic system participates in regulating the excitability of ACC PNs, consequently affecting chronic inflammatory pain-related anxiety. A rat model of CFA-induced chronic inflammatory pain displayed anxiety-like behaviors, increased the excitability of ACC PNs, and reduced inhibitory presynaptic transmission; however, the number of GAD65/67 was not altered. Interestingly, intra-ACC injection of the GABAAR agonist muscimol relieved anxiety-like behaviors but had no effect on chronic inflammatory pain. Intra-ACC injection of the GABAAR antagonist picrotoxin induced anxiety-like behaviors but had no effect on pain in normal rats. Notably, chemogenetic activation of GABAergic neurons in the ACC alleviated chronic inflammatory pain and pain-induced anxiety-like behaviors, enhanced inhibitory presynaptic transmission, and reduced the excitability of ACC PNs. Chemogenetic inhibition of GABAergic neurons in the ACC led to pain-induced anxiety-like behaviors, reduced inhibitory presynaptic transmission, and enhanced the excitability of ACC PNs but had no effect on pain in normal rats. We demonstrate that the GABAergic system mediates a reduction in inhibitory presynaptic transmission in the ACC, which leads to enhanced excitability of pyramidal neurons in the ACC and is associated with chronic inflammatory pain-related anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Bing Shao
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jun-Fan Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Si-Si Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Meng-Ting Qiu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Dan-Ning Xi
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, NB Building, 320w 15th Street #141, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jing-Gen Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Shao
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zui Shen
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jun-Ying Du
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Safari V, Nategh M, Dargahi L, Zibaii ME, Khodagholi F, Rafiei S, Khatami L, Motamedi F. Individual Subnuclei of the Rat Anterior Thalamic Nuclei Differently affect Spatial Memory and Passive Avoidance Tasks. Neuroscience 2020; 444:19-32. [PMID: 32745505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) has been proven in different learning and memory tasks. The ATN consist of three main subnuclei, the anterodorsal (AD), anteroventral (AV) and anteromedial (AM), which have different biological characteristics such as distinct circuitry, cell population and neurotransmitter content. The role of ATN subnuclei in learning and memory has been shown in several studies. However, their probable role in different phases of memory including acquisition, consolidation and retrieval are not still well-known. For this purpose, the effect of reversible inactivation of each ATN subnucleus on different memory phases in two behavioral tasks including passive avoidance (PA) and Morris water maze (MWM) was studied. Wister male rats were bilaterally implanted with cannulas above the AD, AV or AM subnucleus in separate experimental groups in order to inject lidocaine (4%) for their temporal inactivation or, equal volume of saline. Animals were trained in the behavioral tasks and different phases of memory were investigated. Our findings indicated that the AV inactivation strongly disrupts all memory phases in the MWM, and consolidation and retrieval phases in the PA tasks. The AM inactivation had no effect on acquisition of both tasks while it impaired the PA consolidation and MWM retrieval. However, the AD inactivation could not disrupt memory phases in the PA task but impaired the MWM retrieval. In conclusion, it seems that the ATN distinct subnuclei differently affect different phases of memory in these two tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Safari
- School of Cognitive Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P.O. Box 1954851167, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nategh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuro Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran; Neuro Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Rafiei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khatami
- School of Cognitive Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P.O. Box 1954851167, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
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Kunicki C, C Moioli R, Pais-Vieira M, Salles Cunha Peres A, Morya E, A L Nicolelis M. Frequency-specific coupling in fronto-parieto-occipital cortical circuits underlie active tactile discrimination. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5105. [PMID: 30911025 PMCID: PMC6434051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing of tactile sensory information in rodents is critically dependent on the communication between the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and higher-order integrative cortical areas. Here, we have simultaneously characterized single-unit activity and local field potential (LFP) dynamics in the S1, primary visual cortex (V1), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), while freely moving rats performed an active tactile discrimination task. Simultaneous single unit recordings from all these cortical regions revealed statistically significant neuronal firing rate modulations during all task phases (anticipatory, discrimination, response, and reward). Meanwhile, phase analysis of pairwise LFP recordings revealed the occurrence of long-range synchronization across the sampled fronto-parieto-occipital cortical areas during tactile sampling. Causal analysis of the same pairwise recorded LFPs demonstrated the occurrence of complex dynamic interactions between cortical areas throughout the fronto-parietal-occipital loop. These interactions changed significantly between cortical regions as a function of frequencies (i.e. beta, theta and gamma) and according to the different phases of the behavioral task. Overall, these findings indicate that active tactile discrimination by rats is characterized by much more widespread and dynamic complex interactions within the fronto-parieto-occipital cortex than previously anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Kunicki
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, 59280-000, Brazil.
| | - Renan C Moioli
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, 59280-000, Brazil
- Digital Metropolis Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Miguel Pais-Vieira
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, 4169-005, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - André Salles Cunha Peres
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, 59280-000, Brazil
| | - Edgard Morya
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, 59280-000, Brazil
| | - Miguel A L Nicolelis
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, 59280-000, Brazil
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Neuroengineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Barry DN, Chadwick MJ, Maguire EA. Nonmonotonic recruitment of ventromedial prefrontal cortex during remote memory recall. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005479. [PMID: 29965966 PMCID: PMC6044544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems-level consolidation refers to the time-dependent reorganisation of memory traces in the neocortex, a process in which the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) has been implicated. Capturing the precise temporal evolution of this crucial process in humans has long proved elusive. Here, we used multivariate methods and a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design to detect, with high granularity, the extent to which autobiographical memories of different ages were represented in vmPFC and how this changed over time. We observed an unexpected time course of vmPFC recruitment during retrieval, rising and falling around an initial peak of 8–12 months, before reengaging for older 2- and 5-year-old memories. This pattern was replicated in 2 independent sets of memories. Moreover, it was further replicated in a follow-up study 8 months later with the same participants and memories, for which the individual memory representations had undergone their hypothesised strengthening or weakening over time. We conclude that the temporal engagement of vmPFC in memory retrieval seems to be nonmonotonic, revealing a complex relationship between systems-level consolidation and prefrontal cortex recruitment that is unaccounted for by current theories. Our past experiences are captured in autobiographical memories that allow us to recollect events from our lives long after they originally occurred. A part of the brain’s frontal lobe, called the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), is known to be important for supporting autobiographical memories, especially as memories become more remote. The precise temporal profile of the vmPFC’s involvement is unclear, yet this information is vital if we are to understand how memories change over time and the mechanisms involved. In this study, we sought to establish the time course of vmPFC engagement in the recollection of autobiographical memories while participants recalled memories of different ages during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Using a method that detects the brain activity patterns associated with individual memories, we found that memory-specific neural patterns in vmPFC became more distinct over the first few months after a memory was formed, but then this initial involvement of vmPFC subsided after 1 year. However, more remote memories (2 years and older) appeared to reengage vmPFC once again. This temporal profile is difficult to accommodate within any single existing theory. Consequently, our results provoke a rethink about how memories evolve over time and the role played by the vmPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Barry
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Chadwick
- Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor A. Maguire
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Integrating Spatial Working Memory and Remote Memory: Interactions between the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7040043. [PMID: 28420200 PMCID: PMC5406700 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, two separate research streams have focused on information sharing between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HC). Research into spatial working memory has shown that successful execution of many types of behaviors requires synchronous activity in the theta range between the mPFC and HC, whereas studies of memory consolidation have shown that shifts in area dependency may be temporally modulated. While the nature of information that is being communicated is still unclear, spatial working memory and remote memory recall is reliant on interactions between these two areas. This review will present recent evidence that shows that these two processes are not as separate as they first appeared. We will also present a novel conceptualization of the nature of the medial prefrontal representation and how this might help explain this area’s role in spatial working memory and remote memory recall.
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Prelimbic cortex extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation is required for memory retrieval of long-term inhibitory avoidance. Brain Res 2017; 1661:88-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pedraza LK, Sierra RO, Crestani AP, Quillfeldt JA, de Oliveira Alvares L. Sequential learning during contextual fear conditioning guides the rate of systems consolidation: Implications for consolidation of multiple memory traces. Hippocampus 2017; 27:518-528. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth K. Pedraza
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Memória; Biophysics Department, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Neuroscience; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O. Sierra
- Institute of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Neuroscience; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia e Neurocomputação, Biophysics Department; Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Ana P. Crestani
- Institute of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Neuroscience; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia e Neurocomputação, Biophysics Department; Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Jorge A. Quillfeldt
- Institute of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Neuroscience; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia e Neurocomputação, Biophysics Department; Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Lucas de Oliveira Alvares
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Memória; Biophysics Department, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Neuroscience; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
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Jeong DU, Oh JH, Lee JE, Lee J, Cho ZH, Chang JW, Chang WS. Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Deficits Reduce Glucose Metabolism and Function of Cholinergic and GABAergic Systems in the Cingulate Cortex. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:165-72. [PMID: 26632397 PMCID: PMC4696949 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.1.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Reduced brain glucose metabolism and basal forebrain cholinergic neuron degeneration are common features of Alzheimer's disease and have been correlated with memory function. Although regions representing glucose hypometabolism in patients with Alzheimer's disease are targets of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons, the interaction between cholinergic denervation and glucose hypometabolism is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate glucose metabolism changes caused by cholinergic deficits. MATERIALS AND METHODS We lesioned basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in rats using 192 immunoglobulin G-saporin. After 3 weeks, lesioned animals underwent water maze testing or were analyzed by ¹⁸F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography. RESULTS During water maze probe testing, performance of the lesioned group decreased with respect to time spent in the target quadrant and platform zone. Cingulate cortex glucose metabolism in the lesioned group decreased, compared with the normal group. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase activity and glutamate decarboxylase 65/67 expression declined in the cingulate cortex. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that spatial memory impairment in animals with selective basal forebrain cholinergic neuron damage is associated with a functional decline in the GABAergic and cholinergic system associated with cingulate cortex glucose hypometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Un Jeong
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science & Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Oh
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science & Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyeon Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science & Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zang Hee Cho
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Chang
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science & Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Won Seok Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Wang Q, Yang ST, Li BM. Neuronal representation of audio-place associations in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats. Mol Brain 2015; 8:56. [PMID: 26391676 PMCID: PMC4578778 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulus-place associative task requires humans or animals to associate or map different stimuli with different locations. It is know that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in rats, also termed prelimbic cortex (PrL), is important for performing stimulus-place associations. However, little is known about how mPFC neurons encode stimulus-palce associations. To address this, the present study trained rats on an audio-place associative task, whereby the animals were required to associate two different tones with entering two different arms in a Y-shaped maze. Reversible inactivation of the mPFC by local infusion of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol severely impaired the performance of rats on the associative task, again indicating an important role of mPFC in the task performance. Single-unit recording showed that a group of mPFC neurons (40/275, 14.5 %) fired preferentially for the audio-place associations, providing the first electrophysiological evidence for the involvement of mPFC cells in representing audio-place associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Institute of Neurobiology & State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Yang
- Institute of Neurobiology & State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bao-Ming Li
- Institute of Neurobiology & State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Yang ST, Shi Y, Wang Q, Peng JY, Li BM. Neuronal representation of working memory in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats. Mol Brain 2014; 7:61. [PMID: 25159295 PMCID: PMC4237901 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-014-0061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory is a process for short-term active maintenance of information. Behavioral neurophysiological studies in monkeys have demonstrated that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is a key cortical region for working memory. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in rats is a cortical area similar to the dlPFC in monkeys in terms of anatomical connections, and is also required for behavioral performance on working-memory tasks. However, it is still controversial regarding whether and how mPFC neurons encode working memory. In the present study, we trained rats on a two-choice spatial delayed alternation task in Y maze, a typical working memory task for rodents, and investigated neuronal activities in the mPFC when rats performed the task. Our results show that, (1) inactivation of the mPFC severely impaired the performance of rats on the task, consistent with previous studies showing the importance of the mPFC for working-memory tasks; (2) 93.7% mPFC cells (449 in 479) exhibited changes in spiking frequency that were temporally locked with the task events, some of which, including delay-related cells, were tuned by spatial information; (3) differential delay activities in individual mPFC cells appeared transiently and sequentially along the delay, especially during the early phase of the delay; (4) some mPFC cells showed no change in discharge frequency but exhibited differential synchronization in firing during the delay. The present results suggest that mPFC neurons in rats are involved in encoding working memory, via increasing firing frequency or synchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bao-Ming Li
- Institute of Neurobiology & State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Remondes M, Wilson MA. Cingulate-hippocampus coherence and trajectory coding in a sequential choice task. Neuron 2013; 80:1277-89. [PMID: 24239123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between cortex and hippocampus are believed to play a role in the acquisition and maintenance of memories. Distinct types of coordinated oscillatory activity, namely at theta frequency, are hypothesized to regulate information processing in these structures. We investigated how information processing in cingulate cortex and hippocampus relates to cingulate-hippocampus coordination in a behavioral task in which rats choose from four possible trajectories according to a sequence. We found that the accuracy with which cingulate and hippocampal populations encode individual trajectories changes with the pattern of cingulate-hippocampal theta coherence over the course of a trial. Initial theta coherence at ~8 Hz during trial onsets lowers by ~1 Hz as animals enter decision stages. At these stages, hippocampus precedes cingulate in processing increased amounts of task-relevant information. We hypothesize that lower theta frequency coordinates the integration of hippocampal contextual information by cingulate neuronal populations, to inform choices in a task-phase-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Remondes
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Magnusson KR, Das SR, Kronemann D, Bartke A, Patrylo PR. The effects of aging and genotype on NMDA receptor expression in growth hormone receptor knockout (GHRKO) mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 66:607-19. [PMID: 21459761 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction enhances N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor binding and upregulates messenger RNA expression of the GluN1 subunit during aging. Old growth hormone receptor knockout mice resemble old calorically restricted rodents in enhanced life span and brain function, as compared with aged controls. This study examined whether aged growth hormone receptor knockout mice also show enhanced expression of NMDA receptors. Six or 23- to 24-month-old male normal-sized control or dwarf growth hormone receptor knockout mice were assayed for NMDA-displaceable [(3)H]glutamate binding (autoradiography) and GluN1 subunit messenger RNA (in situ hybridization). There was slight sparing of NMDA receptor binding densities within aged medial prefrontal and motor cortices, similar to caloric restriction, but there were greater age-related declines in GluN1 messenger RNA in growth hormone receptor knockout versus control mice. These results suggest that some of the functional improvements in aged mice with altered growth hormone signaling may be due to enhancement of NMDA receptors, but not through the upregulation of messenger RNA for the GluN1 subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Ruth Magnusson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 105 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Zhang Y, Fukushima H, Kida S. Induction and requirement of gene expression in the anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex for the consolidation of inhibitory avoidance memory. Mol Brain 2011; 4:4. [PMID: 21244716 PMCID: PMC3035037 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory consolidation is a process to stabilize short-term memory, generating long-term memory. A critical biochemical feature of memory consolidation is a requirement for gene expression. Previous studies have shown that fear memories are consolidated through the activation of gene expression in the amygdala and hippocampus, indicating essential roles of these brain regions in memory formation. However, it is still poorly understood whether gene expression in brain regions other than the amygdala/hippocampus is required for the consolidation of fear memory; however, several brain regions are known to play modulatory roles in fear memory formation. RESULTS To further understand the mechanisms underlying the formation of fear memory, we first identified brain regions where gene expression is activated after learning inhibitory avoidance (IA) by analyzing the expression of the immediately early genes c-fos and Arc as markers. Similarly with previous findings, the induction of c-fos and Arc expression was observed in the amygdala and hippocampus. Interestingly, we also observed the induction of c-fos and Arc expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC: prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) regions) and Arc expression in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We next examined the roles of these brain regions in the consolidation of IA memory. Consistent with previous findings, inhibiting protein synthesis in the hippocampus blocked the consolidation of IA memory. More importantly, inhibition in the mPFC or ACC also blocked the formation of IA memory. CONCLUSION Our observations indicated that the formation of IA memory requires gene expression in the ACC and mPFC as well as in the amygdala and hippocampus, suggesting essential roles of the ACC and mPFC in IA memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Fiddick L. There is more than the amygdala: potential threat assessment in the cingulate cortex. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010; 35:1007-18. [PMID: 20950644 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fear conditioning with its neurological basis in the amygdala and associated structures provides an important model of anxiety disorders. However, this review will argue for a distinction between fear-provoking immediate and anxiety-provoking potential threats, with the amygdala processing immediate threats and the cingulate cortex (and insular) processing potential threats. Four independent but related literatures are reviewed to bolster this argument: (1) rodent remote contextual fear conditioning, (2) symptom provocation in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), (3) fMRI investigations of risk assessment, and (4) behavioural and neurological studies of precautionary reasoning. These four literatures converge in suggesting that the cingulate cortex (and in more specific instances the insula) underlie potential threat assessment, providing support for a number of recent models posting the existence of a separate potential threat system that is dysfunctional in obsessive compulsive disorder (e.g., Szechtman and Woody, 2004; Woody and Szechtman, 2011).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Fiddick
- Department of Psychology (SASS), James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
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Satoh E, Shimeki S. Acute restraint stress enhances calcium mobilization and glutamate exocytosis in cerebrocortical synaptosomes from mice. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:693-701. [PMID: 20069359 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-0120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute stress is known to enhance the memory of events that are potentially threatening to the organisms. Glutamate, the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, plays a critical role in learning and memory formation and calcium (Ca(2+)) plays an essential role in transmitter release from nerve terminals (synaptosomes). In the present study, we investigated the effects of acute restraint stress on cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and glutamate release in cerebrocortical synaptosomes from mice. Acute restraint stress caused a significant increase in resting [Ca(2+)](i) and significantly enhanced the ability of the depolarizing agents K(+) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) to increase [Ca(2+)](i). It also brought about a significant increase in spontaneous (unstimulated) glutamate release and significantly enhanced K(+)- and 4-AP-induced Ca(2+)-dependent glutamate release. The pretreatment of synaptosomes with a combination of omega-agatoxin IVA (a P-type Ca(2+) channel blocker) and omega-conotoxin GVIA (an N-type Ca(2+) channel blocker) completely suppressed the enhancements of [Ca(2+)](i) and Ca(2+)-dependent glutamate release in acute restraint-stressed mice. These results indicate that acute restraint stress enhances K(+)- or 4-AP-induced glutamate release by increasing [Ca(2+)](i) via stimulation of Ca(2+) entry through P- and N-type Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Satoh
- Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan.
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Wang CC, Chai SC, Holahan MR. Effect of stimulus pre-exposure on inhibitory avoidance retrieval-associated changes in the phosphorylated form of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (pERK1/2). Neurobiol Learn Mem 2009; 93:66-76. [PMID: 19698796 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
One goal of the present study was to determine how pre-exposure to a set of contextual cues affected subsequent reinforced inhibitory avoidance task performance using those cues (latent inhibition model). In addition, immunohistochemical assessment of the phosphorylated (activated) form of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (pERK1/2) was examined. Adult, male Long Evans rats were randomly assigned into either pre-exposure (PE) or different pre-exposure (DPE) groups. All rats received 3days of contextual pre-exposure (same or different context as that used for reinforced training) and were trained, 24h later, on an inhibitory avoidance task (with or without shock). Rats were euthanized 24h after training; half with a retention test and half without. Behaviorally, the PE group showed reduced latencies to enter the dark/shock compartment during the retention test compared to the DPE group showing the latent inhibition phenomenon. Compared to the shocked and tested DPE group, the shocked and tested PE group showed fewer pERK1/2-ir neurons in the secondary motor cortex, the anterior cingulate, the pre- and infra-limbic cortices, and the central nucleus of the amygdala. These regions showed similar numbers of pERK1/2-labeled neurons when comparing the shocked and tested PE group with the nonshocked and tested PE group. This suggests the possibility that brain regions showing decreased pERK1/2 levels in association with attenuated inhibitory avoidance performance may be involved in different aspects of the memory retrieval process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei Hsien 242, Taiwan
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