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The molecular genetic basis of creativity: a mini review and perspectives. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 87:1-16. [PMID: 35217895 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although creativity is one of the defining features of human species, it is just the beginning of an ambitious attempt for psychologists to understand its genetic basis. With ongoing efforts, great progress has been achieved in molecular genetic studies of creativity. In this mini review, we highlighted recent molecular genetic findings for both domain-general and domain-specific creativity, and provided some perspectives for future studies. It is expected that this work will provide an update on the knowledge regarding the molecular genetic basis of creativity, and contribute to the further development of this field.
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Chatterjee M, Saha S, Sinha S, Mukhopadhyay K. A three-pronged analysis confirms the association of the serotoninergic system with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:825-834. [PMID: 36123504 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serotonin transporter (SERT), encoded by the solute carrier family 6 number 4 (SLC6A4) gene, controls serotonin (5-HT) availability and is essential for the regulation of behavioral traits. Two SLC6A4 genetic variants, 5-HTTLPR and STin2, were widely investigated in patients with various neurobehavioral disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS We analyzed the association of the 5-HTTLPR (L/S) and STin2 (10/12) variants, plasma 5-HT, and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), as well as SERT messenger RNA (mRNA) with ADHD in the eastern Indian subjects. Nuclear families with ADHD probands (n = 274) and ethnically matched controls (n = 367) were recruited following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Behavioral traits, executive function, and intelligence quotient (IQ) of the probands were assessed using the Conner's Parent Rating Scale - Revised, Parental Account of Children's Symptoms (PACS), Barkley Deficit in Executive Functioning-Child and Adolescent Scale, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III, respectively. After obtaining informed written consent, peripheral blood was collected to analyze genetic variants, plasma 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and SERT mRNA expression. RESULTS ADHD probands showed a higher frequency of the 5-HTTLPR "L" allele and "L/L" genotype (P < 0.05), lower 5-HIAA level, and higher SERT mRNA expression. Scores for behavioral problems and hyperactivity were higher in the presence of the "S" allele and "S/S" genotype, while executive deficit was higher in the presence of the "L" allele. IQ score was lower in the presence of the STin2 "12" allele and L-12 haplotype. CONCLUSION Data obtained indicate a significant association of the serotoninergic system with ADHD, warranting further in-depth investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahasweta Chatterjee
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India
| | - Sharmistha Saha
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India
| | - Swagata Sinha
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India
| | - Kanchan Mukhopadhyay
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India.
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Zhang S, Yang X, Si S, Zhang J. The neurobiological basis of divergent thinking: Insight from gene co-expression network-based analysis. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118762. [PMID: 34838948 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many efforts have been made to explore the genetic basis of divergent thinking (DT), there is still a gap in the understanding of how these findings relate to the neurobiology of DT. In a combined sample of 1,682 Chinese participants, by integrating GWAS with previously identified brain-specific gene co-expression network modules, this study explored for the first time the functional brain-specific gene co-expression networks underlying DT. The results showed that gene co-expression network modules in anterior cingulate cortex, caudate, amygdala and substantia nigra were enriched with DT association signals. Further functional enrichment analysis showed that these DT-related gene co-expression network modules were enriched for key biological process and cellular component related to myelination, suggesting that cortical and sub-cortical grey matter myelination may serve as important neurobiological basis of DT. Although the underlying mechanisms need to be further refined, this exploratory study may provide new insight into the neurobiology of DT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- College of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Si Si
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jinghuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China.
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Acevedo BP, Santander T, Marhenke R, Aron A, Aron E. Sensory Processing Sensitivity Predicts Individual Differences in Resting-State Functional Connectivity Associated with Depth of Processing. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 80:185-200. [PMID: 33561863 DOI: 10.1159/000513527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is a biologically based temperament trait associated with enhanced awareness and responsivity to environmental and social stimuli. Individuals with high SPS are more affected by their environments, which may result in overarousal, cognitive depletion, and fatigue. METHOD We examined individual differences in resting-state (rs) brain connectivity (using functional MRI) as a function of SPS among a group of adults (M age = 66.13 ± 11.44 years) immediately after they completed a social affective "empathy" task. SPS was measured with the Highly Sensitive Person (HSP) Scale and correlated with rs brain connectivity. RESULTS Results showed enhanced rs brain connectivity within the ventral attention, dorsal attention, and limbic networks as a function of greater SPS. Region of interest analyses showed increased rs brain connectivity between the hippocampus and the precuneus (implicated in episodic memory); while weaker connectivity was shown between the amygdala and the periaqueductal gray (important for anxiety), and the hippocampus and insula (implicated in habitual cognitive processing). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that SPS is associated with rs brain connectivity implicated in attentional control, consolidation of memory, physiological homeostasis, and deliberative cognition. These results support theories proposing "depth of processing" as a central feature of SPS and highlight the neural processes underlying this cardinal feature of the trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca P Acevedo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA,
| | - Tyler Santander
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Robert Marhenke
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arthur Aron
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Elaine Aron
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Savostyanov AN, Bazovkina DV, Lashin SА, Tamozhnikov SS, Saprygin AE, Astakhova TN, Kavai-Ool UN, Borisova NV, Karpova AG. Comprehensive analysis of the 5-HTTLPR allelic polymorphism effect on behavioral and neurophysiological indicators of executive control in people from different ethnic groups in Siberia. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:593-602. [PMID: 34595380 PMCID: PMC8453362 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The allelic polymorphism of the serotonin transporter's gene 5-HTTLPR is considered as one of the factors determining an individual genetic predisposition to the development of a wide range of affective disorders, including depression. Many studies have shown that the climatic and social conditions of people's life can have a significant impact on the connections of 5-HTTLPR with the risk of depression. The stop-signal paradigm (SSP) is an experimental method allowing evaluating an individual ability to the self-control of behavior in a changing environment. In the SSP experiment, a subject should either press one of several buttons quickly after the appearance of the target stimuli or suppress the already started movement if an inhibitory signal follows the target stimulus. The aim of this study is a research of associations between the allelic the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and the individual scores of the personal anxiety level, as well as the behavioral and neurophysiological indicators of the ability to self-control over motor reactions in the SSP. The study was conducted among people from three ethno-regional groups: healthy Caucasoids from Novosibirsk, the Mongoloid groups of the indigenous population of the Tuva Republic and Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Genetic, ethnographic, and psychological influences on an individual's ability to control motor responses were compared. The amplitude of the premotor peak of the evoked brain potential was used as a neurophysiological marker of the person's readiness to the execution of target-directed activity. It was revealed that the frequency of the S-allele polymorphism 5-HTTLPR was significantly higher for both mongoloid groups compared to the Caucasoids. The S/S genotype was associated with an increased level of personal anxiety and at the same time with a better ability to the self-control of behavior in the SSP experiment. Anxiety level, participants' sex, ethnicity, and allelic polymorphism 5-HTTLPR had a statistically significant effect on the amplitude of the premotor readiness potential recorded under the SSP conditions in the frontal and parietal-occipital cortical regions. Our data support the hypothesis that the S/S genotype of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism may be associated with more success in adapting to the climatic conditions connected with high life risk in comparison to L/L and L/S genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Savostyanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Scientific-Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D V Bazovkina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S А Lashin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S S Tamozhnikov
- Scientific-Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A E Saprygin
- Scientific-Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - U N Kavai-Ool
- Tuvan Scientific Center, Kyzyl, Tyva Republic, Russia
| | - N V Borisova
- M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
| | - A G Karpova
- M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
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Creativity and ADHD: A review of behavioral studies, the effect of psychostimulants and neural underpinnings. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:66-85. [PMID: 33035524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a debilitating disorder and most research therefore focuses on its deficits and its treatment. Research on the potential positive sides of ADHD is limited, and although a comprehensive overview of empirical studies on this subject is missing, it has been suggested that ADHD is associated with enhanced creativity. To identify important relations, trends and gaps in the literature, we review 31 behavioral studies on creativity and ADHD, distinguishing different research designs, age groups, creativity measurements and effects of psychostimulants, as well as reflecting the potential underlying neural mechanisms of creativity and ADHD. Most studies find evidence for increased divergent thinking for those with high ADHD scores (subclinical) but not for those with the disorder (clinical). The rates of creative abilities/achievements were high among both clinical and subclinical groups. We found no evidence for increased convergent thinking abilities in ADHD, nor did we find an overall negative effect of psychostimulants on creativity. Neuroscientific findings suggest candidate regions as well as mechanisms that should be studied further to increase our understanding of the relationship between creativity and ADHD. We propose research opportunities to boost the knowledge needed to better understand the potential positive side of ADHD.
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Genetic susceptibility to parenting style: DRD2 and COMT influence creativity. Neuroimage 2020; 213:116681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Khalil R, Godde B, Karim AA. The Link Between Creativity, Cognition, and Creative Drives and Underlying Neural Mechanisms. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:18. [PMID: 30967763 PMCID: PMC6440443 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Having a creative mind is one of the gateways for achieving fabulous success and remarkable progress in professional, personal and social life. Therefore, a better understanding of the neural correlates and the underlying neural mechanisms related to creative ideation is crucial and valuable. However, the current literature on neural systems and circuits underlying creative cognition, and on how creative drives such as motivation, mood states, and reward could shape our creative mind through the associated neuromodulatory systems [i.e., the dopaminergic (DA), the noradrenergic (NE) and the serotonergic (5-HT) system] seems to be insufficient to explain the creative ideation and production process. One reason might be that the mentioned systems and processes are usually investigated in isolation and independent of each other. Through this review, we aim at advancing the current state of knowledge by providing an integrative view on the interactions between neural systems underlying the creative cognition and the creative drive and associated neuromodulatory systems (see Figure 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Khalil
- Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ben Godde
- Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ahmed A Karim
- Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Health Psychology and Neurorehabilitation, SRH Mobile University, Riedlingen, Germany
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Effect of 5-HTTLPR on current source density, connectivity, and topological properties of resting state EEG networks. Brain Res 2018; 1697:67-75. [PMID: 29913130 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The S allele of serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) has been found to increase the risk of depression and other mental health problems, but some evidence suggests that S-allele carriers outperform subjects carrying the long allele in an array of cognitive tasks. Evidence linking this polymorphism with individual variation in electrophysiological properties of resting state brain networks is very limited. This study investigated the effect of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on EEG current source density, connectivity, and topological properties of resting state networks. We collected genetic and resting state EEG data in 113 Caucasians. As compared to L-homozygotes, S-allele carriers showed lower current source density and connectivity in most frequency bands in areas overlapping with the default mode and emotion regulation regions. The analysis of graph-theoretical measures showed that S-allele carriers, as compared to L-homozygotes, have less optimal topological properties of brain networks in theta, but more optimal in alpha band. This dissociation may reflect the predisposition to emotional disorders, which is inherent to S-allele carriers, and, on the other hand, their superior functioning in some cognitive domains.
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11
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Lin H, Vartanian O. A Neuroeconomic Framework for Creative Cognition. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2018; 13:655-677. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691618794945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroeconomics is the study of the neurobiological bases of subjective preferences and choices. We present a novel framework that synthesizes findings from the literatures on neuroeconomics and creativity to provide a neurobiological description of creative cognition. We propose that value-based decision-making processes and activity in the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) neuromodulatory system underlie creative cognition, as well as the large-scale brain network dynamics shown to be associated with creativity. This reconceptualization leads to several falsifiable hypotheses that can further understanding of creativity, decision making, and brain network dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hause Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
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12
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Toshchakova VA, Bakhtiari Y, Kulikov AV, Gusev SI, Trofimova MV, Fedorenko OY, Mikhalitskaya EV, Popova NK, Bokhan NA, Hovens JE, Loonen AJ, Wilffert B, Ivanova SA. Association of Polymorphisms of Serotonin Transporter (5HTTLPR) and 5-HT2C Receptor Genes with Criminal Behavior in Russian Criminal Offenders. Neuropsychobiology 2018; 75:200-210. [PMID: 29621775 PMCID: PMC5981829 DOI: 10.1159/000487484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human aggression is a heterogeneous behavior with biological, psychological, and social backgrounds. As the biological mechanisms that regulate aggression are components of both reward-seeking and adversity-fleeing behavior, these phenomena are difficult to disentangle into separate neurochemical processes. Nevertheless, evidence exists linking some forms of aggression to aberrant serotonergic neurotransmission. We determined possible associations between 6 serotonergic neurotransmission-related gene variants and severe criminal offenses. METHODS Male Russian prisoners who were convicted for murder (n = 117) or theft (n = 77) were genotyped for variants of the serotonin transporter (5HTTLPR), tryptophan hydroxylase, tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase, or type 2C (5-HT2C) receptor genes and compared with general-population male controls (n = 161). Prisoners were psychologically phenotyped using the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS No differences were found between murderers and thieves either concerning genotypes or concerning psychological measures. Comparison of polymorphism distribution between groups of prisoners and controls revealed highly significant associations of 5HTTLPR and 5-HTR2C (rs6318) gene polymorphisms with being convicted for criminal behavior. CONCLUSIONS The lack of biological differences between the 2 groups of prisoners indicates that the studied 5HT-related genes do not differentiate between the types of crimes committed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A. Toshchakova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yalda Bakhtiari
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander V. Kulikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey I. Gusev
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kemerovo State Institute of Culture”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Marina V. Trofimova
- Psychology Department, Federal State Institution “Correctional Facility No. 43”, Penitentiary Service of Russia for the Kemerovo Region, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Yu. Fedorenko
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation,National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina V. Mikhalitskaya
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nina K. Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay A. Bokhan
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation,National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Johannes E. Hovens
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J.M. Loonen
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,GGZ Westelijk Noord-Brabant, Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands,*Prof. Anton J.M. Loonen, MD, PharmD, PhD, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713AV Groningen (The Netherlands), E-Mail
| | - Bob Wilffert
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Svetlana A. Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation,National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
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Sensory processing sensitivity and serotonin gene variance: Insights into mechanisms shaping environmental sensitivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:472-483. [PMID: 27697602 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Current research supports the notion that the apparently innate trait Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) may act as a modulator of development as function of the environment. Interestingly, the common serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) does the same. While neural mechanisms underlying SPS are largely unknown, those associated with the 5-HTTLPR have been extensively investigated. We perform a comparative analysis of research findings on sensory processing facets associated with the trait and polymorphism to: 1. detect shared phenotypes and frame a hypothesis towards neural mechanisms underlying SPS; 2. increase the understanding of 5-HTTLPR-associated behavioral patterns. Trait and polymorphism are both associated with differential susceptibility to environmental stimuli; additionally, both involve 1. having stronger emotional reactions, 2. processing of sensory information more deeply, 3. being more aware of environmental subtleties, and 4. being easily overstimulated. We discuss neural mechanisms and environmental conditions that may underlie these four facets. Besides urging the actual assessment of the link between the two, the conclusions of our analyses may guide and focus future research strategies.
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Volf NV, Belousova LV, Knyazev GG, Kulikov AV. Interactive effect of 5-HTTLPR genotype and age on sources of cortical rhythms in healthy women. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 109:107-115. [PMID: 27616474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to localize the effects of 5-HTTLPR (serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region) on the age differences of spontaneous EEG activity in women using neuroimaging analysis sLORETA (Standardized Low Resolution brain Electromagnetic Tomography). DNA samples extracted from cheek swabs and resting-state EEG recorded at 60 standard leads were collected from young (YW, N=86, 18-35years) and older (OW, N=45; 55-80years) healthy women. We have shown that advanced age was associated with increased posterior EEG desynchronization in S'/S'. S' (LG allele was grouped with S alleles owing to its functional equivalence and this group was labeled as S') genotype carriers denoted by decrease of delta - beta1 current source density, and to a lesser extent in L/L homozygotes denoted by decrease in delta activity. In heterozygotes OW, as compared with heterozygotes YW, higher source density estimates of beta1 in frontal and temporal cortex were observed. Age differences were more pronounced in the right hemisphere in S'/S' and L/L carriers and in the left hemisphere in heterozygotes. We also found that in OW, current source density estimates of theta, alpha1, alpha2, alpha3 and beta1 sources in the right occipital lobe were higher in S'/L than in S'/S' carriers. These results may have implications for understanding 5-HTT-dependent variation in the effect of aging on brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V Volf
- State Scientific-Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakova Street 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ludmila V Belousova
- State Scientific-Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakova Street 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
| | - Gennady G Knyazev
- State Scientific-Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakova Street 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Alexander V Kulikov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Hoicka E, Mowat R, Kirkwood J, Kerr T, Carberry M, Bijvoet-van den Berg S. One-Year-Olds Think Creatively, Just Like Their Parents. Child Dev 2016; 87:1099-105. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Varrone A, Svenningsson P, Marklund P, Fatouros-Bergman H, Forsberg A, Halldin C, Nilsson LG, Farde L. 5-HT1B receptor imaging and cognition: a positron emission tomography study in control subjects and Parkinson's disease patients. Synapse 2015; 69:365-74. [PMID: 25914348 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The serotonin 5-HT1B receptor subtype is involved in the modulation of serotonin release and is a target of interest for neuroreceptor imaging. Previous studies have shown that the serotonin system is affected in Parkinson's disease (PD). Cognitive function, frequently impaired in PD, has been linked to the serotonin system. The aim of this study was to examine whether 5-HT1B receptor availability in the brain of healthy subjects and PD patients is associated with measures of cognitive function. METHODS Twelve control subjects and ten PD patients with normal mini-mental state examination scores were included in this study. Cognitive function was evaluated by assessment of semantic, episodic, and working memory, as well as fluency and visual attention. Creative ability, a measure of divergent thinking, was examined with the alternative uses of objects task. PET measurements were performed with the 5-HT1B receptor-radioligand [(11) C]AZ10419369 using the HRRT system. RESULTS PD patients showed statistically significant lower measures of semantic and episodic memory, as well as creative ability, compared with control subjects. Statistically significant positive correlations were found in control subjects between creative ability and average 5-HT1B receptor availability in grey matter, and in PD patients between scores of Beck Depression Inventory-II and creative ability. CONCLUSION Though creativity has been conventionally linked to dopamine function, our findings in control subjects suggest a link between 5-HT1B receptor availability and creative ability. In PD patients, creative ability was significantly associated with depressive symptoms but not with 5-HT1B receptor availability. This finding deserves further investigation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Varrone
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Brain Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Stockholm Brain Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Marklund
- Stockholm Brain Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Helena Fatouros-Bergman
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Forsberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Brain Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Göran Nilsson
- Stockholm Brain Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Brain Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,AstraZeneca Translational Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Volf NV, Belousova LV, Knyazev GG, Kulikov AV. Gender differences in association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and resting-state EEG activity. Neuroscience 2014; 284:513-521. [PMID: 25450956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human brain oscillations represent important features of information processing and are highly heritable. Gender has been observed to affect association between the 5-HTTLPR (serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region) polymorphism and various endophenotypes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 5-HTTLPR on the spontaneous electroencephalography (EEG) activity in healthy male and female subjects. DNA samples extracted from buccal swabs and resting EEG recorded at 60 standard leads were collected from 210 (101 men and 109 women) volunteers. Spectral EEG power estimates and cortical sources of EEG activity were investigated. It was shown that effects of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on electrical activity of the brain vary as a function of gender. Women with the S/L genotype had greater global EEG power compared to men with the same genotype. In men, current source density was markedly different among genotype groups in only alpha 2 and alpha 3 frequency ranges: S/S allele carriers had higher current source density estimates in the left inferior parietal lobule in comparison with the L/L group. In women, genotype difference in global power asymmetry was found in the central-temporal region. Contrasting L/L and S/L genotype carriers also yielded significant effects in the right hemisphere inferior parietal lobule and the right postcentral gyrus with L/L genotype carriers showing lower current source density estimates than S/L genotype carriers in all but gamma bands. So, in women, the effects of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism were associated with modulation of the EEG activity in a wide range of EEG frequencies. The significance of the results lies in the demonstration of gene by sex interaction with resting EEG that has implications for understanding sex-related differences in affective states, emotion and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Volf
- State Research Institute of Physiology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Timakova Strasse 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Strasse 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - L V Belousova
- State Research Institute of Physiology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Timakova Strasse 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
| | - G G Knyazev
- State Research Institute of Physiology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Timakova Strasse 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
| | - A V Kulikov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Strasse 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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20
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Merenäkk L, Mäestu J, Nordquist N, Parik J, Oreland L, Loit HM, Harro J. Effects of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and α2A-adrenoceptor (C-1291G) genotypes on substance use in children and adolescents: a longitudinal study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 215:13-22. [PMID: 21140256 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-2109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Twin studies suggest that substance use initiation in children and adolescents is determined primarily by environmental influences, whereas the establishment of use patterns is strongly controlled by genetic factors. The present study analysed the effects of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism [5-HT transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR)] and the α(2A)-adrenoceptor C-1291G genotype (ADRA2A C-1291G) as well as their interaction effects on alcohol, tobacco and drug use from preadolescence to the late adolescence. METHODS Initial sample of 9-year-old children of Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (n = 583) was recalled at ages 15 and 18. Participants reported in all waves how frequently they smoked and used alcohol and illicit drugs. RESULTS 5-HTTLPR had age-dependent effects on alcohol, tobacco and drug use: substance use did not differ by genotype at age 9, but at age 15, the participants with the short (s)/s genotype had higher tobacco use, and at age 18, they were more active alcohol, drug and tobacco users. Effects of ADRA2A C-1291G on drug use were dependent on gender, age and 5-HTTLPR. Males (age 18) with ADRA2A CG genotype, when compared to other participants, tended to have higher drug use especially when they had s/s genotype of 5-HTTLPR. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that expression of genetic vulnerability for substance use in children and adolescents may depend on age, gender, interaction of genes, and type of substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liis Merenäkk
- Department of Public Health, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Flaherty AW. Brain illness and creativity: mechanisms and treatment risks. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2011; 56:132-43. [PMID: 21443820 DOI: 10.1177/070674371105600303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain diseases and their treatment may help or hurt creativity in ways that shape quality of life. Increased creative drive is associated with bipolar disorder, depression, psychosis, temporal lobe epilepsy, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson disease treatments, and autism. Creativity depends on goal-driven approach motivation from midbrain dopaminergic systems. Fear-driven avoidance motivation is of less aid to creativity. When serotonin and norepinephrine lower motivation and flexible behaviour, they can inhibit creativity. Hemispheric lateralization and frontotemporal connections must interact to create new ideas and conceptual schemes. The right brain and temporal lobe contribute skill in novelty detection, while the left brain and frontal lobe foster approach motivation and more easily generate new patterns of action from the novel perceptions. Genes and phenotypes that increase plasticity and creativity in tolerant environments with relaxed selection pressure may confer risk in rigorous environments. Few papers substantively address this important but fraught topic. Antidepressants (ADs) that inhibit fear-driven motivation, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, sometimes inhibit goal-oriented motivation as well. ADs that boost goal-directed motivation, such as bupropion, may remediate this effect. Benzodiazepines and alcohol may be counterproductive. Although dopaminergic agonists sometimes stimulate creativity, their doing so may inappropriately disinhibit behaviour. Dopamine antagonists may suppress creative motivation; lithium and anticonvulsant mood stabilizers may do so less. Physical exercise and REM sleep may help creativity. Art therapy and psychotherapy are not well studied. Preserving creative motivation can help creativity and other aspects of well-being in all patients, not just artists or researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice W Flaherty
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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