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Abomoelak B, Prather R, Pragya SU, Pragya SC, Mehta ND, Uddin P, Veeramachaneni P, Mehta N, Young A, Kapoor S, Mehta D. Cognitive Skills and DNA Methylation Are Correlating in Healthy and Novice College Students Practicing Preksha Dhyāna Meditation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1214. [PMID: 37626570 PMCID: PMC10452635 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of different meditation protocols on human health is explored at the cognitive and cellular levels. Preksha Dhyana meditation has been observed to seemingly affect the cognitive performance, transcriptome, and methylome of healthy and novice participant practitioners. In this study, we performed correlation analyses to investigate the presence of any relationships in the changes in cognitive performance and DNA methylation in a group of college students practicing Preksha Dhyāna (N = 34). Nine factors of cognitive performance were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks postintervention timepoints in the participants. Statistically significant improvements were observed in six of the nine assessments, which were predominantly relating to memory and affect. Using Illumina 850 K microarray technology, 470 differentially methylated sites (DMS) were identified between the two timepoints (baseline and 8 weeks), using a threshold of p-value < 0.05 and methylation levels beyond -3% to 3% at every site. Correlation analysis between the changes in performance on each of the nine assessments and every DMS unveiled statistically significant positive and negative relationships at several of these sites. The identified DMS were in proximity of essential genes involved in signaling and other important metabolic processes. Interestingly, we identified a set of sites that can be considered as biomarkers for Preksha meditation improvements at the genome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Abomoelak
- Gastrointestinal Translational Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL 32806, USA;
| | - Ray Prather
- Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL 32806, USA;
| | - Samani U. Pragya
- Department of Religions and Philosophies, University of London, London WC1H 0XG, UK;
| | - Samani C. Pragya
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Neelam D. Mehta
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Parvin Uddin
- College of Arts, Sciences and Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | | | - Naina Mehta
- Neurodevelopmental Pediatrician, Behavioral and Developmental Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32805, USA;
| | - Amanda Young
- Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32765, USA;
| | - Saumya Kapoor
- Medical School, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA;
| | - Devendra Mehta
- Gastrointestinal Translational Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL 32806, USA;
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Merk W, Kucia K, Mędrala T, Kowalczyk M, Owczarek A, Kowalski J. Association study of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) and glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) gene polymorphism with schizophrenia in a Polish population. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:989-1000. [PMID: 31118638 PMCID: PMC6499478 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s194924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 encoded by SLC1A2 is responsible for approximately 90% of glutamate uptake. Glycine transporter 1, encoded by SLC6A9, is responsible for maintaining a low concentration of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) co-agonist - glycine in the synaptic cleft, suggesting its participation in the development of the NMDARs hypofunction described in schizophrenia. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the functional polymorphism-181 A/C (rs4354668) of the SLC1A2 and the rs2486001 (IVS3+411 G/A) in the SLC6A9 are involved in schizophrenia development and its clinical picture in the Polish population. Methods: The study group consisted of 393 unrelated Caucasian patients (157 [39.9%] females and 236 [60.1%] males; mean age 41±12) diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the DSM-5, and 462 healthy controls. The results of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were presented in the five-dimensional model. Polymorphisms of SLC1A2 and SLC6A9 were genotyped with the use of PCR-RFLP assay. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of genotypes and alleles between the patients and controls for SLC1A2 and SLC6A9 polymorphisms in either the entire sample or after stratification according to gender. In the haplotype analysis, men with CA haplotype had more than 1.5 higher risk to develop schizophrenia than women (OR=1.63 [95% CI=1.17-2.27, p<0.05]). The influence of gender, genotypes of both analyzed polymorphisms and gender x genotype interactions on individual dimensions of the PANSS scale has not been observed. Also, there was no association of either polymorphism with suicide attempts. Conclusion: The results of the present study did not indicate an association of polymorphism-181 A/C (rs4354668) in SLC1A2 and rs2486001 in SLC6A9 with onset of schizophrenia and its psychopathology in a Polish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Merk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kucia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mędrala
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kowalczyk
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksander Owczarek
- Division of Statistics, Department of Instrumental Analysis, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Instrumental Analysis, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Kowalski
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Taylor DL, Tiwari AK, Lieberman JA, Potkin SG, Meltzer HY, Knight J, Remington G, Müller DJ, Kennedy JL. Pharmacogenetic Analysis of Functional Glutamate System Gene Variants and Clinical Response to Clozapine. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2016; 2:185-197. [PMID: 28277565 DOI: 10.1159/000449224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Altered glutamate neurotransmission is implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) and the pharmacogenetics of response to clozapine (CLZ), which is the drug of choice for treatment-resistant SCZ. Response to antipsychotic therapy is highly variable, although twin studies suggest a genetic component. We investigated the association of 10 glutamate system gene variants with CLZ response using standard genotyping procedures. GRM2 (rs4067 and rs2518461), SLC1A2 (rs4354668, rs4534557, and rs2901534), SLC6A9 (rs12037805, rs1978195, and rs16831558), GRIA1 (rs2195450), and GAD1 (rs3749034) were typed in 163 European SCZ/schizoaffective disorder patients deemed resistant or intolerant to previous pharmacotherapy. Response was assessed following 6 months of CLZ monotherapy using change in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores. Categorical and continuous response variables were analyzed using χ2 tests and analysis of covariance, respectively. We report no significant associations following correction for multiple testing. Prior to correction, nominally significant associations were observed for SLC6A9, SLC1A2, GRM2, and GRIA1. Most notably, CC homozygotes of rs16831558 located in the glycine transporter 1 gene (SLC6A9) exhibited an allele dose-dependent improvement in positive symptoms compared to T allele carriers (puncorrected = 0.008, pcorrected = 0.08). To clarify the role of SLC6A9 in clinical response to antipsychotic medication, and CLZ in particular, this finding warrants further investigation in larger well-characterized samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Taylor
- Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - Arun K Tiwari
- Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, N.Y, USA
| | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, Calif, USA
| | - Herbert Y Meltzer
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill., USA
| | - Joanne Knight
- Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Lancaster Medical School and Data Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Gary Remington
- Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
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Zhang B, Guan F, Chen G, Lin H, Zhang T, Feng J, Li L, Fu D. Common variants in SLC1A2 and schizophrenia: Association and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals. Schizophr Res 2015; 169:128-134. [PMID: 26459047 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SLC1A2 is reported to be responsible for the majority of glutamate uptake, which has a crucial role in neural development and synaptic plasticity, and a disturbance in glutamatergic transmission has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) and cognition. To evaluate the relationship of common variants within SLC1A2 with SCZ and cognition in Han Chinese, 28 tag SNPs were genotyped in the discovery stage, which included 1117 cases and 2289 controls; significantly associated markers were genotyped in the replication stage with 2128 cases and 3865 controls. The rs4354668 SNP was identified to be significantly associated with SCZ in both datasets, and a similar pattern was also observed in the two-stage study on conducting imputation and haplotype association analyses. In addition, significant associations between the rs4354668 SNP and cognition were observed when processing the perseverative error of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in patients and controls. Our results provide supportive evidence for an effect of SLC1A2 on the etiology of SCZ, suggesting that genetic variation (rs4354668 and its haplotypes) in SLC1A2 may be involved in impaired executive function, which adds to the current body of knowledge regarding the risk of SCZ and the impairment of cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Zhang
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanglin Guan
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China; Institute of Human Genomics & Forensic Sciences, Xi'an, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huali Lin
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Tianxiao Zhang
- Department of Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jiali Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongke Fu
- Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Human Genomics & Forensic Sciences, Xi'an, China
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Takebayashi Y, Ohnuma T, Hanzawa R, Shibata N, Maeshima H, Baba H, Hatano T, Hotta Y, Kitazawa M, Higa M, Arai H. No genetic association between SLC7A10 and Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:1965-8. [PMID: 21888942 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted glutamatergic neurotransmission may be a pathophysiological feature in the brains from patients with schizophrenia, and glutamatergic amino acids including D-serine have been found to be involved in pathophysiology. Endogenous and exogenous D-serine have shown potential as biological markers for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and especially as a therapeutic strategy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). This is the first study investigating whether SLC7A10, a d-serine transporter gene, is associated with schizophrenia in Japanese patients. We investigated the association between schizophrenia in Japanese patients with SLC7A10 using six tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Results failed to show any association between Japanese schizophrenia and each individual SNP or with two-, three-, or four-window haplotype analyses. We also investigated whether SLC7A10 contributes to TRS in Japanese participants. Results showed no association. In conclusion, SLC7A10 had no apparent degree of association with schizophrenia as a candidate susceptibility gene in the disease per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Takebayashi
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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