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Saida T, Baba H, Maeshima H, Natsume S, Yoshinari N, Shimizu K, Suzuki T. Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in remission, but not the acute phase, may predict the development from depression to dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e6005. [PMID: 37737671 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression may be a risk factor or a prodromal symptom of dementia, and decreased serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been observed in both depression and dementia. The aim of the present study was to determine whether serum levels of BDNF in the remitted or acute phase of depression predicted the transition from depression to dementia. METHODS Serum levels of BDNF were measured in the acute phase of depression (n = 204) and after remission (n = 117), and we followed (mean: 24.3 months) the participants to assess the subsequent onset of dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). RESULTS Serum levels of BDNF after remission, but not those in the acute depressive phase, predicted the future development of dementia or MCI. CONCLUSIONS Patients with low serum BDNF levels, even after depression remission, might have an increased risk of developing dementia. These findings suggest a potential association between residual low serum BDNF levels after remission and the prodromal state of dementia, or the involvement of BDNF in the transition from depression to dementia. However, given that this study is low-powered and preliminary, interpretation of the results should be approached with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Saida
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Baba
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maeshima
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Natsume
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Yoshinari
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimizu
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Toshihito Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Koshigaya, Japan
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Natsume S, Baba H, Maeshima H, Saida T, Yoshinari N, Shimizu K, Suzuki T. Clinical course and serum amyloid β levels in elderly patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 315:156-161. [PMID: 35932935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is known to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Changes in amyloid β protein (Aβ) metabolism have been speculated as a factor contributing to the transition from depression to AD. The aim of this study is to reveal the time course and state-dependency of Aβ metabolism. METHODS Serum Aβ levels in 277 elderly (≥60 years) patients with depression (both early- and late-onset) were measured at admission, immediately after remission, and 1 year after remission, and compared them with 178 healthy subjects. RESULTS The analysis revealed decreased Aβ42 levels and increased Aβ42/40 ratios in elderly patients with depression at admission compared with healthy subjects. These changes in the acute phase of depression were not normalized immediately after remission; however, they recovered to healthy levels 1 year after remission. LIMITATIONS There is a possibility that the results may be influenced by antidepressants. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that altered Aβ metabolism caused by depression may ameliorate, although after a lengthy period of time after remission. Our findings also suggest that the AD-related pathological changes caused or increased by depression can be reduced by maintaining remission for an extended period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Natsume
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Baba
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Maeshima
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takao Saida
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Yoshinari
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimizu
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihito Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
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Obinata M, Maeshima H, Yoshinari N, Natume S, Saida T, Yasuda S, Ichikawa T, Suzuki T, Baba H. Apolipoprotein E4 increases the risk of depression recurrence. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:628-631. [PMID: 34509777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Possession of the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE4) is related to the incidence of depression in old age. We investigated whether the presence of APOE4 is also associated with subsequent depression recurrence in a wide range of age groups. METHODS Altogether, 163 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) after remission were recruited between August 2004 and March 2016 and followed up prospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: APOE4 carriers and non-carriers. We compared the time to recurrence of depression between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank test for trend for survivor functions, and Cox proportional hazard ratio estimates for a multivariate model were conducted to examine the effect of the APOE4 allele on risk of a depression recurrence. RESULTS Cumulative probability of developing a depression recurrence was higher in APOE4 carriers than non-carriers. Presence of an APOE4 allele remained significantly associated with the incidence of depression recurrence. LIMITATIONS All patients were treated with one or two different antidepressants, which may have had different effects on patients with MDD. Second, participants in the present study comprised patients with both first and multiple episodes of MDD. Third, we did not have the statistical power to perform a stratified analysis in consideration of heterozygous or homozygous genotypes of APOE4. CONCLUSION Possession of an APOE4 allele may increase the risk of depression recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Obinata
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), 560, Fukuroyama, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-0032, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maeshima
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), 560, Fukuroyama, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-0032, Japan.
| | - Naoto Yoshinari
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), 560, Fukuroyama, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-0032, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Natume
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), 560, Fukuroyama, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-0032, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongou, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takao Saida
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), 560, Fukuroyama, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-0032, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongou, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Seita Yasuda
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), 560, Fukuroyama, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-0032, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongou, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ichikawa
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), 560, Fukuroyama, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-0032, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongou, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Toshihito Suzuki
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), 560, Fukuroyama, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-0032, Japan
| | - Hajime Baba
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), 560, Fukuroyama, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-0032, Japan
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Yasuda S, Baba H, Maeshima H, Shimano T, Inoue M, Ichikawa T, Shukuzawa H, Suzuki T, Arai H. Serum levels and mutual correlations of amyloid β in patients with depression. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 20:125-129. [PMID: 31833164 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Epidemiological studies have shown that depression is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the biological mechanism underlying the link between depression and AD is unclear, altered amyloid β (Aβ) metabolism in patients with depression has been suggested as a potential mechanism. Results from previous studies of Aβ metabolism in patients with depression have been inconsistent, and Aβ polymerization, which is a crucial process in AD pathology, has not previously been assessed. METHODS Serum levels of Aβ40, Aβ42 and Aβ oligomers were evaluated in 104 inpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 132 healthy control individuals. RESULTS Lower serum Aβ42 levels were observed in patients with MDD, but there was no difference in serum Aβ oligomer levels between the MDD group and the healthy control group, even in older adults. Interestingly, serum Aβ oligomer levels in patients with MDD were dependent on serum Aβ42 levels, regardless of age, and this relationship was not observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Aβ42 is more prone to aggregation and polymerization in patients with depression than in healthy individuals, suggesting a possible mechanism underlying the transition from depression to AD. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 125-129.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seita Yasuda
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo university Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Baba
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo university Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maeshima
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo university Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shimano
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Megumi Inoue
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ichikawa
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo university Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Shukuzawa
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo university Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihito Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo university Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Heii Arai
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo university Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ichikawa T, Baba H, Maeshima H, Shimano T, Inoue M, Ishiguro M, Yasuda S, Shukuzawa H, Suzuki T, Arai H. Serum levels of TDP-43 in late-life patients with depressive episode. J Affect Disord 2019; 250:284-288. [PMID: 30875670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports have suggested a relationship between affective disorder including depression and bipolar disorder (BP) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). TAR DNA binding protein (TDP) -43 is a protein found in the brain and peripheral fluid of patients with FTD. To examine a possible association between affective disorders and FTD, serum levels of TDP-43 were evaluated in late-life patients with major depressive episode (MDE). METHODS The subjects were 74 late-life (≥50 years old) inpatients with DSM-IV or -5 MDE (58 had major depressive disorders and 16 had BP) and 58 healthy subjects. Patients were recruited from Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan, between January 2005 and May 2017. Serum TDP-43 levels were measured using an ELISA kit. RESULTS Serum levels of TDP-43 were significantly higher in the MDE group than the control group independent of age and sex. LIMITATIONS All patients were on antidepressant medication. CONCLUSIONS Our finding suggests that some depressive patients may be in a prodromal stage of FTD or very-early stage of FTD comorbid with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ichikawa
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Baba
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, 560 Fukuroyama, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Maeshima
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, 560 Fukuroyama, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shimano
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, 560 Fukuroyama, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Megumi Inoue
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, 560 Fukuroyama, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mei Ishiguro
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seita Yasuda
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Shukuzawa
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, 560 Fukuroyama, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihito Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, 560 Fukuroyama, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Heii Arai
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ishiguro M, Baba H, Maeshima H, Shimano T, Inoue M, Ichikawa T, Yasuda S, Shukuzawa H, Suzuki T, Arai H. Increased Serum Levels of α-Synuclein in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:280-286. [PMID: 30503177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that depression is a risk factor for dementia. In particular, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has been noted to be highly relevant to depression. It has been suggested that α-synuclein (α-syn), a major component of Lewy bodies, is related to the onset and progression of DLB. To investigate the relationship between depression and DLB, we compared serum α-syn levels of patients with depression to those of healthy subjects. METHODS The subjects were 103 inpatients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), or DSM-5 major depressive disorder (MDD) and 132 healthy comparisons. Patients were recruited from Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan, between June 2010 and November 2016. Serum α-syn levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Serum α-syn levels were compared using a 2 (age group [<60 years versus ≥60 years]) × 2 (diagnosis [MDD versus comparison]) analysis of variance. RESULTS There was no significant main effect of age (F = 1.167, df = 1, 231, p = 0.281). There was a significant main effect of diagnosis (F = 44.657, df = 1, 231, p <0.001), with higher α-syn levels in the MDD group versus the healthy comparison group, regardless of age. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that depression may affect the metabolism of α-syn; there is a possibility that depression is not only a prodromal symptom of DLB but also a causal risk factor for DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ishiguro
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science (MI, HB, HM, TI, SY, HS, TS, HA), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Baba
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science (MI, HB, HM, TI, SY, HS, TS, HA), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (HB, HM, TS, MI, HS, TS), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Maeshima
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science (MI, HB, HM, TI, SY, HS, TS, HA), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (HB, HM, TS, MI, HS, TS), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shimano
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science (MI, HB, HM, TI, SY, HS, TS, HA), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (HB, HM, TS, MI, HS, TS), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Megumi Inoue
- the Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (HB, HM, TS, MI, HS, TS), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ichikawa
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science (MI, HB, HM, TI, SY, HS, TS, HA), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seita Yasuda
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science (MI, HB, HM, TI, SY, HS, TS, HA), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Shukuzawa
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science (MI, HB, HM, TI, SY, HS, TS, HA), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (HB, HM, TS, MI, HS, TS), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihito Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science (MI, HB, HM, TI, SY, HS, TS, HA), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; the Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (HB, HM, TS, MI, HS, TS), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Heii Arai
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science (MI, HB, HM, TI, SY, HS, TS, HA), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ishijima S, Baba H, Maeshima H, Shimano T, Inoue M, Suzuki T, Arai H. Glucocorticoid may influence amyloid β metabolism in patients with depression. Psychiatry Res 2018; 259:191-196. [PMID: 29073556 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that depression may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the biological mechanisms of the transition from depression to AD are still not clear. Changes of amyloid β protein (Aβ) metabolism and increased glucocorticoid (GC) levels have been found in both depression and AD. Moreover, several studies in animal models have demonstrated that GC administration changes Aβ metabolism. To reveal whether GC affects amyloid metabolism in patients with depression, we evaluated serum levels of Aβ40, Aβ42 and cortisol at admission in 187 inpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 224 healthy comparisons. Additionally, we re-evaluated the serum levels of Aβs in 27 patients with MDD 1 year later. The results of multiple regression analyses revealed that serum cortisol and Aβ levels are not correlated at the time of admission. However, serum cortisol levels at admission correlated with serum Aβ42 levels and Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio 1 year later. These findings suggest that increased cortisol in patients with MDD may influence the metabolism of Aβ over prolonged periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Ishijima
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hajime Baba
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Maeshima
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shimano
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Megumi Inoue
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihito Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Heii Arai
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Szpunar J, Maeshima H, Grossberg GT. Renal concerns relative to the use of lithium in geriatric bipolar disorder patients. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2017; 29:283-290. [PMID: 29069113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lithium is a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder in geriatric patients; however, it has long been associated with potentially significant renal consequences, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS We reviewed the available evidence to characterize the effects of lithium on renal function, provide a consensus on periodic monitoring, and propose criteria for transitioning an older patient with bipolar disorder and renal issues to an alternate medication. RESULTS Although the evidence on lithium use, duration, and dosage on progression of CKD and end-stage renal disease in geriatric patients is mixed, there is solid evidence that patients receiving lithium generally have a reduced glomerular filtration rate compared with controls. The current guidelines for monitoring lithium use in geriatric patients are nearly sufficient, but adherence in clinical practice frequently falls short. Alternative medications for bipolar disorder in geriatric patients are generally considered safe and effective, but do not have the strength of evidence that exists in the general adult population. CONCLUSIONS Currently, there is no compelling evidence that lithium should be avoided in geriatric patients; however, prudent monitoring strategies are recommended, with a strong consideration of transitioning geriatric patients with poor tolerance to an alternative medication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George T Grossberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA. E-mail:
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Maeshima H, Baba H, Satomura E, Shimano T, Inoue M, Ishijima S, Suzuki T, Arai H. Residual memory impairment in remitted depression may be a predictive factor for recurrence. J Clin Psychiatry 2016; 77:247-51. [PMID: 26930522 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.14m09694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Memory impairment in remitted depression is reported to be related to the number of previous depressive episodes. A recent report hypothesized that each depressive episode increases the risk of memory impairment during remission, which further increases the risk of recurrence. We investigated whether the risk for recurrence increased as a function of memory impairment at remission. METHOD One hundred ten participants with DSM-IV-TR major depressive disorder (MDD) after remission (defined as a score ≤ 7 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) were recruited between April 2004 and March 2012 and were followed up prospectively. All patients were divided into 2 groups: those who had memory impairment and those who had no memory impairment after remission. (Memory impairment was determined with the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised.) The time to recurrence of depression (a score ≥ 4 on the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale) was compared between the groups prospectively. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank test for trend for survivor functions, and Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) estimates for a multivariate model were conducted to examine the risk of recurrence by presence of memory impairment after remission. RESULTS One hundred nine participants completed this study. In the follow-up period, recurrence occurred in 25 (55.6%) of the 45 patients with memory impairment and 21 (32.8%) of the 64 patients with no memory impairment. In the Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for time to incidence of recurrence in patients with and without memory impairment, the cumulative probability of developing a recurrence for patients with memory impairment was higher than for patients with no memory impairment (log-rank test: χ(2)1 = 4.63, P = .03). Survival analysis was also performed using Cox proportional hazards regression in a multivariate model. The presence of memory impairment remained significantly associated with incidence of recurrence (HR = 2.55; 95% CI, 1.30-4.99; P = .006). CONCLUSIONS The presence of residual memory impairment in patients with remitted MDD may increase the risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maeshima
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project, Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Fukuroyama 560, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-0032, Japan
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Takeda M, Ohnuma T, Takeuchi M, Katsuta N, Maeshima H, Takebayashi Y, Higa M, Nakamura T, Nishimon S, Sannohe T, Hotta Y, Hanzawa R, Higashiyama R, Shibata N, Gohda T, Suzuki Y, Yamagishi SI, Tomino Y, Arai H. Altered serum glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end product (AGE) and soluble AGE receptor levels indicate carbonyl stress in patients with schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2015; 593:51-5. [PMID: 25766756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent cross-sectional and longitudinal studies indicate that measurements of peripheral blood carbonyl stress markers such as the advanced glycation end product (AGE) pentosidine and the reactive carbonyl-detoxifying B6 vitamin pyridoxal could be used as therapeutic biological markers in subpopulations of schizophrenia patients. Glyceraldehyde-derived AGEs (Glycer-AGE) have strong neurotoxicity, and soluble receptors for AGEs (sRAGE) may ameliorate the effects of AGEs. In the present study, we measured Glycer-AGEs and sRAGE levels to determine their potential as diagnostic, therapeutic, or clinical biological markers in patients with schizophrenia. After enrollment of 61 admitted Japanese patients with acute schizophrenia and 39 healthy volunteers, 54 patients were followed up from the acute stage to remission. Serum biomarkers were measured in blood samples taken before breakfast using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and Glycer-AGEs were significantly higher and sRAGE levels were significantly lower in patients with acute schizophrenia than in healthy controls. Glycer-AGEs/sRAGE ratios were also higher in schizophrenia patients and were stable during the clinical course. Furthermore, discriminant analyses confirmed that Glycer-AGEs and Glycer-AGEs/sRAGE ratios are significant diagnostic markers for schizophrenia, and distinguished between patients and healthy controls in 70.0% of cases. However, these markers of carbonyl stress were not correlated with clinical features, including disease severity, or with daily chlorpromazine doses. These data indicate the potential of Glycer-AGEs, RAGEs, and their relative ratios as diagnostic markers for patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Takeda
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Ohnuma
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Narimasa Katsuta
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maeshima
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Takebayashi
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Higa
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Nishimon
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sannohe
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Hotta
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Hanzawa
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Higashiyama
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuto Shibata
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohito Gohda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho-ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tomino
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heii Arai
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Nomoto H, Baba H, Satomura E, Maeshima H, Takebayashi N, Namekawa Y, Suzuki T, Arai H. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and personality traits in patients with major depression. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:33. [PMID: 25885038 PMCID: PMC4354762 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0413-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors. Previous studies have demonstrated lower serum BDNF levels in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and reported an association between BDNF levels and depression-related personality traits in healthy subjects. The aim of the present study was to explore for a possible association between peripheral BDNF levels and personality traits in patients with MDD. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 123 inpatients with MDD (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 4th edition) at the Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital were recruited. Serum levels of BDNF were measured. Personality traits were assessed using the 125-item short version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). RESULTS Multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, dose of antidepressant, and depression severity showed that TCI Self-Directedness (SD) scores were negatively associated with serum BDNF levels (β = -0.23, p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS MDD patients who have low SD did not show the reduction in serum BDNF levels that is normally associated with depressive state. Our findings suggest that depression-related biological changes may not occur in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nomoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.
| | - Hajime Baba
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan. .,Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, 560 Fukuroyama, 343-0032, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Emi Satomura
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Maeshima
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan. .,Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, 560 Fukuroyama, 343-0032, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Naoko Takebayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan. .,Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, 560 Fukuroyama, 343-0032, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Yuki Namekawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan. .,Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, 560 Fukuroyama, 343-0032, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Toshihito Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan. .,Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, 560 Fukuroyama, 343-0032, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Heii Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.
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Asano T, Baba H, Kawano R, Takei H, Maeshima H, Takahashi Y, Suzuki T, Arai H. Temperament and character as predictors of recurrence in remitted patients with major depression: a 4-year prospective follow-up study. Psychiatry Res 2015; 225:322-5. [PMID: 25560481 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine whether the specific personality traits, Harm-Avoidance (HA) and Self-Directedness (SD) as measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), were predictive for subsequent depressive episodes in remitted patients with major depressive disorders (MDDs) over a 4-year follow-up. A total of 109 inpatients with MDD participated in this study. The subjects completed the TCI when they were assessed to be in remission. They were divided into high or low HA groups and high or low SD groups, as discriminated by the quartile value. A total of 69 patients were followed-up over a 4-year period or until recurrence. Both Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox׳s proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that patients with a low SD score had a significantly shorter time to recurrence from remission than patients with a high SD score even when some prognostic predictors were controlled for. In contrast, HA was not found to be a predictor of recurrence for future depressive episodes. A part of MDD patients with low scores in Self-Directedness are likely to develop depression over a subsequent period of time. Interventions that improve SD may help to delay recurrence of depression in MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Asano
- Department of Human Science, Graduate School of Human Science, Bunkyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hajime Baba
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Rumiko Kawano
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Takei
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maeshima
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukina Takahashi
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihito Suzuki
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heii Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Katsuta N, Ohnuma T, Maeshima H, Takebayashi Y, Higa M, Takeda M, Nakamura T, Nishimon S, Sannohe T, Hotta Y, Hanzawa R, Higashiyama R, Shibata N, Arai H. Significance of measurements of peripheral carbonyl stress markers in a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in patients with acute-stage schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:1366-73. [PMID: 24448481 PMCID: PMC4193703 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Altered peripheral carbonyl stress markers, high levels of serum pentosidine, which accumulates following carbonyl stress, and low levels of pyridoxal (vitamin B6), which detoxifies reactive carbonyl compounds, have been reported in a cross-sectional study of chronic schizophrenia. However, changes in the levels of these compounds in patients with schizophrenia have not been investigated in a longitudinal study. To clarify whether these markers may be biological markers that reflect the clinical course of the disease, the serum levels of these compounds were investigated in a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study. One hundred and thirty-seven acute-stage Japanese patients were enrolled. Among these, 53 patients were followed from the acute stage to remission. A portion of patients in the acute stage (14 cases, 10.2%) showed extremely high pentosidine levels. These levels were not associated with the severity of symptoms but were associated with antipsychotic dose amounts. Pyridoxal levels were lower in schizophrenia and increased according to the clinical course of the illness. Furthermore, 18 patients with decreased pyridoxal levels according to the clinical course showed that the greater the decrease in pyridoxal levels, the lesser the improvement in symptoms. Thus, extremely high pentosidine levels in a portion of patients may be caused by higher daily antipsychotic doses, whereas pyridoxal levels were lower in schizophrenia and increased according to the clinical course. Patients with decreasing pyridoxal levels during the clinical course showed less improvement in symptoms. Carbonyl stress markers may also be therapeutic biological markers in some patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tohru Ohnuma
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Nagane A, Baba H, Nakano Y, Maeshima H, Hukatsu M, Ozawa K, Suzuki T, Arai H. Comparative study of cognitive impairment between medicated and medication-free patients with remitted major depression: class-specific influence by tricyclic antidepressants and newer antidepressants. Psychiatry Res 2014; 218:101-5. [PMID: 24768252 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are known to present with cognitive deficits; however, the presence of these deficits in the remitted state have been inconsistent. One of the most important factors potentially contributing to inconsistencies between studies may be the influence of medications. To explore the influence of antidepressants on cognitive performance in remitted MDD, we evaluated memory and executive functions using Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised and Stroop Color and Word Test, and compared performance among 50 medicated (29 treated with tricyclic antidepressants [TCA], 21 treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors) and 19 medication-free MDD patients and 31 controls. The results showed that all 3 MDD groups had significantly lower performance for verbal memory compared with controls. Both medicated groups showed significantly lower performance for visual memory compared with controls; however, the medication-free group did not differ from controls. For the executive function, only the TCA group showed a significantly lower performance compared with controls. These results suggest that cognitive impairment remained even in remitted patients with MDD, however, part of this impairment may be influenced by class-specific antidepressant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nagane
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Shumeikai Minami-saitama Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Shumeikai Izumi Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hajime Baba
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Nakano
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maeshima
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Ozawa
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihito Suzuki
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heii Arai
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Matsuzaka H, Maeshima H, Kida S, Kurita H, Shimano T, Nakano Y, Baba H, Suzuki T, Arai H. Gender differences in serum testosterone and cortisol in patients with major depressive disorder compared with controls. Int J Psychiatry Med 2014; 46:203-21. [PMID: 24552043 DOI: 10.2190/pm.46.2.g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Testosterone may have a role distinct from cortisol in the pathophysiology of depression. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis affects the functions of sex steroid hormones through interaction with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The objective of this study was to investigate differences in serum levels of testosterone and cortisol in male and female patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Participants included 87 inpatients with MDD at Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital. Serum levels of testosterone and cortisol were assessed at admission. Matched controls included 128 healthy individuals. Data from MDD patients and controls were compared separately for men and women. Correlations between serum hormone levels and scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) of patients were assessed by sex. Effects of various factors on testosterone and cortisol were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS In male patients with MDD, a significant negative correlation was seen between testosterone levels and the "retardation" score of HAM-D. However, serum testosterone levels were not significantly different in either male or female MDD patients compared with controls. Serum testosterone was negatively associated with the number of depressive episodes in male patients with MDD. Serum cortisol levels in female patients were significantly increased compared with female controls with no significant correlations between cortisol levels and HAM-D scores. CONCLUSIONS The negative correlation between the sub-score of the HAM-D and testosterone may be associated with the biological pathophysiology of male depression. Findings of serum cortisol levels in women may suggest distinct characteristics of these hormones in men and women with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sayaka Kida
- Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hajime Baba
- Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Japan
| | - Toshihito Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine and Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Japan
| | - Heii Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine and Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sakiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Self Defense Forces Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Dermatology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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17
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Maeshima H, Baba H, Nakano Y, Satomura E, Namekawa Y, Takebayashi N, Nomoto H, Suzuki T, Mimura M, Arai H. Time course for memory dysfunction in early-life and late-life major depression: a longitudinal study from the Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:66-70. [PMID: 23769611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with depression also have memory dysfunctions during depressive episodes. These dysfunctions partially remain immediately after remission from a depressive state; however, it is unclear whether these residual memory dysfunctions may disappear through long-term remission from depression. The present study compared patients during early-life (age<60) and late-life (age ≥ 60) depression while in their remitted stage with healthy controls to elucidate the impact of a long-term course on memory. METHODS Logical memory from the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised was administered to 67 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (47 patients with early-life depression and residual 20 patients with late-life depression) and 50 healthy controls. MDD patients received memory assessments at the time of their initial remission and at a follow-up three years after remission. RESULTS At the time of initial remission, scores for logical memory were significantly lower in both patient groups compared to matched controls. At follow-up, memory dysfunction for early-life MDD patients disappeared, whereas scores in the late-life MDD group remained significantly lower than those of matched controls. LIMITATIONS All patients in the present study were on antidepressant medications. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that the progress of memory performance in late-life MDD patients may be different from early-life MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maeshima
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Namekawa Y, Baba H, Maeshima H, Nakano Y, Satomura E, Takebayashi N, Nomoto H, Suzuki T, Arai H. Heterogeneity of elderly depression: increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and Aβ protein metabolism. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 43:203-8. [PMID: 23276885 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have proposed that depression may increase the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), even in patients with early-onset depression. Although metabolism of amyloid β protein (Aβ) in elderly depression received attention in terms of their correlation, there is a serious heterogeneity in elderly depression in terms of age at onset of depression. Moreover, it is unknown whether early-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) has a long-term effect on the involvement of Aβ metabolism and later development of AD. Thus, we evaluated serum Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels, the Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio in 89 elderly (≥60 years of age) inpatients with MDD and 81 age-matched healthy controls, and compared them among patients with early-onset (<60 years) and late-onset (≥60years) MDD and controls. The results showed that the serum Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio was significantly higher in patients with both early- and late-onset MDD than in controls (early-onset, p=0.010; late-onset, p=0.043), and it is of great interest that the serum Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio was negatively correlated with the age at MDD onset (R=-0.201, p=0.032). These results suggest that an earlier onset of MDD may have a more serious abnormality in Aβ metabolism, possibly explaining a biological mechanism underlying the link between depression and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Namekawa
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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19
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Ohnuma T, Sakai Y, Maeshima H, Higa M, Hanzawa R, Kitazawa M, Hotta Y, Katsuta N, Takebayashi Y, Shibata N, Arai H. No correlation between plasma NMDA-related glutamatergic amino acid levels and cognitive function in medicated patients with schizophrenia. Int J Psychiatry Med 2013; 44:17-27. [PMID: 23356091 DOI: 10.2190/pm.44.1.b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disrupted glutamatergic neurotransmission and cognitive functions are key components in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Changes in levels of serum/plasma glutamatergic amino acids, such as glutamate, glycine, and L- and D-serine may be possible clinical markers. Following our recent findings that peripheral blood levels of endogenous glycine, alanine, and especially D-serine may reflect the degree/change in symptoms in schizophrenia, here we investigated whether these plasma amino acid levels may also reflect the status of cognitive functions in schizophrenia. METHODS One hundred eight Japanese patients with schizophrenia were evaluated with cognitive assessment batteries at the time that plasma glutamatergic amino acid levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. For analyzing cognitive functions, batteries for reflection prefrontal cortex cognitive functions, verbal fluency tests, the Stroop test, and the digit span forward and backward tests were administered. RESULTS Results failed to show a relationship between any plasma glutamatergic amino acid level and cognitive batteries. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that plasma glutamatergic amino acid levels may be significant biological markers that reflect the condition or a dramatic change at the time of testing, especially in severely affected patients, but they do not reflect cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ohnuma
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Maeshima H, Baba H, Nakano Y, Satomura E, Namekawa Y, Takebayashi N, Suzuki T, Mimura M, Arai H. Residual memory dysfunction in recurrent major depressive disorder--a longitudinal study from Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project. J Affect Disord 2012; 143:84-8. [PMID: 22832170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression may increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Large cohort studies have shown that recurrent depression is associated with a risk of developing dementia. Other studies have documented smaller hippocampal volume in patients with recurrent depression. It is speculative that a greater risk of developing dementia may result from a higher number of previous depressive episodes. This study compared patients with recurrent and single-episode depression in the remitted stage, and healthy controls to elucidate the impact of the number of depressive episodes on memory. METHODS Logical memory and visual reproduction subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised were given to 68 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (30 patients with a single episode and residual 38 patients with recurrent multiple episodes) and 57 healthy controls. The patients with MDD received memory assessment at the time of initial remission and at the follow-up period 3 years after remission. RESULTS At the time of initial remission, scores of both logical memory and visual reproduction subtests were significantly lower in both patient groups compared with healthy controls. At follow-up, memory dysfunction of the single-episode group disappeared, whereas scores in the recurrent group remained significantly lower than those of the single-episode group and controls. LIMITATIONS All patients in the present study were on antidepressant medications. CONCLUSIONS Patients with recurrent MDD with multiple depressive episodes showed residual memory dysfunction even after 3 years of remission. Persistence of memory deficits in the recurrent depression may be a risk factor for developing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maeshima
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project, Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Takebayashi N, Maeshima H, Baba H, Nakano Y, Satomura E, Kita Y, Namekawa Y, Nomoto H, Suzuki T, Arai H. Duration of last depressive episode may influence serum BDNF levels in remitted patients with major depression. Depress Anxiety 2012; 29:775-9. [PMID: 22447660 DOI: 10.1002/da.21933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may have an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. Previous studies indicate that serum BDNF levels were lower in patients with depression and increased after treatment with antidepressants. However, results of studies on serum BDNF levels in remitted patients with depression have been inconsistent. The purpose of the present study was to determine which factors influence the alteration of serum BDNF levels in depression in the remitted state. METHODS Serum BDNF levels were evaluated in 75 remitted inpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 108 controls. Multiple regression analyses were conducted using serum BDNF levels as the dependent variable; and the number of episodes, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score at admission, or duration of last depressive episode as independent variables. RESULTS Serum BDNF levels were lower in remitted patients with MDD than in controls (P < .001). Multiple regression analysis showed a significant effect between the duration of the last depressive episode and serum BDNF levels (P < .022). CONCLUSIONS Serum BDNF levels in remitted patients with MDD did not recover to the level of healthy controls, and lower serum BDNF levels were influenced by a longer duration of last depressive episode. It is possible that persistent hippocampal reduction in remitted depression may be caused by lower BDNF levels associated with a longer duration of the last depressive episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Takebayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Baba H, Nakano Y, Maeshima H, Satomura E, Kita Y, Suzuki T, Arai H. Metabolism of amyloid-β protein may be affected in depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2012; 73:115-20. [PMID: 22152118 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.10m06766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that a history of depression increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, particularly among individuals with early-onset depression. On the other hand, recent studies have suggested that a higher amyloid-β protein (Aβ)40 to Aβ42 ratio may be associated with the future onset of Alzheimer's disease. Our objective was to assess whether the pathophysiology of early-onset depression may involve or affect Aβ metabolism. METHOD In this extension of a case-control pilot study, 193 inpatients with DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD) (mean age = 55.9 years) from the Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan, and 413 healthy controls from the community (mean age = 56.6 years) were recruited between May 2004 and April 2009. Serum Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels, Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio, and other clinical and biological factors were compared between controls and patients in 3 age groups: young (< 40 years), middle-aged (≥ 40 to < 65 years), and elderly (≥ 65 years). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. All patients were receiving antidepressant medication at the time of the study, and doses of current antidepressants were converted to an equivalent imipramine dose. RESULTS The serum Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio was significantly higher in MDD patients than controls in all age groups (young: P = .003; middle-aged: P < .001; elderly: P = .006). These differences were also observed in noncarriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Aβ metabolism may be affected in depression; these findings also possibly answer the question of why even early-onset depression is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Baba
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo.
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Takebayashi Y, Ohnuma T, Hanzawa R, Shibata N, Maeshima H, Baba H, Hatano T, Hotta Y, Kitazawa M, Higa M, Arai H. No genetic association between SLC7A10 and Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:1965-8. [PMID: 21888942 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted glutamatergic neurotransmission may be a pathophysiological feature in the brains from patients with schizophrenia, and glutamatergic amino acids including D-serine have been found to be involved in pathophysiology. Endogenous and exogenous D-serine have shown potential as biological markers for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and especially as a therapeutic strategy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). This is the first study investigating whether SLC7A10, a d-serine transporter gene, is associated with schizophrenia in Japanese patients. We investigated the association between schizophrenia in Japanese patients with SLC7A10 using six tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Results failed to show any association between Japanese schizophrenia and each individual SNP or with two-, three-, or four-window haplotype analyses. We also investigated whether SLC7A10 contributes to TRS in Japanese participants. Results showed no association. In conclusion, SLC7A10 had no apparent degree of association with schizophrenia as a candidate susceptibility gene in the disease per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Takebayashi
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Hanzawa R, Ohnuma T, Nagai Y, Shibata N, Maeshima H, Baba H, Hatano T, Takebayashi Y, Hotta Y, Kitazawa M, Arai H. No association between glutathione-synthesis-related genes and Japanese schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2011; 65:39-46. [PMID: 21105962 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder with complex genetic, environmental, and psychological causes, and oxidative stress may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Glutathione (GSH), one of the main cellular non-protein antioxidants and redox regulators, and altered GSH levels have been reported in various regions in patients with schizophrenia. Three enzymes are responsible for GSH synthesis: glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM), glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and glutathione synthetase (GSS). Previously, positive associations between GCLM and schizophrenia were reported in Europeans, but not in the Japanese population. Thus, in this study, we investigated the association between the GSH synthesis genes (GCLM, GCLC, and GSS) and schizophrenia in Japanese individuals. METHODS Seventeen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in GCLM, GCLC, and GSS were genotyped in 358 patients with schizophrenia and in 359 controls. RESULTS No SNP showed a significant association between their allelic or genotypic frequencies and schizophrenia. Case-control haplotype association analysis using windows of two or three SNP showed no significant associations with schizophrenia. The case-control haplotype analyses based on the ascertained linkage disequilibrium blocks also showed no significant associations in any genes with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS The three primary GSH synthesis genes do not have an apparent degree of association with schizophrenia in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hanzawa
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects, Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Hatano T, Ohnuma T, Sakai Y, Shibata N, Maeshima H, Hanzawa R, Suzuki T, Arai H. Plasma alanine levels increase in patients with schizophrenia as their clinical symptoms improve-Results from the Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP). Psychiatry Res 2010; 177:27-31. [PMID: 20226539 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Since oral administration of d-alanine, an agonist that binds to the glycine site of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, improves the positive and cognitive symptoms of patients with schizophrenia, measurement of endogenous plasma alanine levels could serve as a clinical marker for schizophrenia severity and improvement. Mean plasma alanine levels were compared in healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia during the clinical course of the disease. METHODS eighty-one Japanese patients with schizophrenia and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were studied. Plasma alanine levels were measured twice, during the acute stage and during the remission stage, using high-performance liquid chromatography. On admission, lower plasma alanine levels in patients with schizophrenia were accompanied by more severe schizophrenic symptoms, especially positive symptoms. The plasma alanine levels in patients with schizophrenia increased significantly from the time of admission to discharge, when they were significantly higher than control levels. An increase in plasma alanine levels from the acute stage to the remission stage of schizophrenia was correlated with improvement in symptoms. Drug-naïve patients did not show a significant difference in plasma alanine levels when compared with healthy controls. The measurement of plasma alanine levels may be a therapeutic marker for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokiko Hatano
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Higa M, Ohnuma T, Maeshima H, Hatano T, Hanzawa R, Shibata N, Sakai Y, Suzuki T, Arai H. Association analysis between functional polymorphism of the rs4606 SNP in the RGS2 gene and antipsychotic-induced Parkinsonism in Japanese patients with schizophrenia: Results from the Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP). Neurosci Lett 2010; 469:55-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Maeshima H, Ohno K, Nakano S, Yamada T. Validation of an in vitro screening test for predicting the tumor promoting potential of chemicals based on gene expression. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 24:995-1001. [PMID: 20025956 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process comprising two main stages: initiation and promotion. Tumor promoters cause the development of tumors in initiated cells and the majority of them are non-genotoxic carcinogens. The identification of tumor promoters is important for preventing cancer. We previously identified 22 specific gene markers using a global gene expression analysis of chemically induced tumor promotion and established an in vitro real-time PCR screening assay for the assessment of the tumor promoting potential of chemicals in BALB/c 3T3 cells. Our in vitro tumor promoter screening test, based on these marker genes, enables earlier assessment, and is easier to conduct than classical methods. The general applicability of these markers, however, was unknown. In this study, to evaluate the performance of a set of markers, we independently validated a separate sample set, which had various structures and properties. Independent validation of the signature of 63 test chemicals showed an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the assay of 96.8%, 97.0% and 96.7%, respectively. These results indicate that the tumor promoting activity assay, based on the expression of 22 marker genes, will become a valuable tool for rapid screening of potential tumor promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Maeshima
- Food Safety Research Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co, Ltd, 2247 Noji-cho, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0055, Japan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression may increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent large cohort studies have also shown that a low plasma amyloid beta (Abeta)-42 level combined with a high Abeta40 level increases the risk of developing AD, suggesting plasma Abeta42/40 ratio as useful for identifying risk of developing mild cognitive impairment and AD. Although several studies have examined Abeta levels in the peripheral blood of elderly individuals with depression, results have been inconsistent. Furthermore, no results have been described for younger depression. METHODS Serum Abeta40, Abeta42 level and Abeta40/42 ratio were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 60 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 60 healthy controls. The results were analyzed in two age groups (young, <60 years; elderly, >or=60 years). RESULTS Serum Abeta40 level was significantly higher in young MDD patients compared to young controls (P < 0.001), but it was not significantly deferent in the elderly group. Serum Abeta42 level did not differ significantly in both young and elderly groups. Abeta40/42 ratio was significantly higher in both young (P < 0.001) and elderly (P < 0.001) patients with MDD compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Serum Abeta40/42 ratio was significantly higher in MDD patients than in controls, and this difference was seen for both elderly and young subjects. This may suggest that even young subjects with MDD undergo pathological changes in the very early stage of amyloid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kita
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Nagai Y, Ohnuma T, Karibe J, Shibata N, Maeshima H, Baba H, Hatano T, Hanzawa R, Arai H. No genetic association between the SLC1A2 gene and Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2009; 463:223-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ohnuma T, Shibata N, Maeshima H, Baba H, Hatano T, Hanzawa R, Arai H. Association analysis of glycine- and serine-related genes in a Japanese population of patients with schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33:511-8. [PMID: 19223009 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the levels of the glutamate-related amino acids glycine and serine in brain/plasma between schizophrenic patients and normal subjects and changes in the plasma concentrations of these amino acids according to the clinical course have been reported. It has been hypothesized that glycine and serine metabolism may be altered in schizophrenia. In fact, some genes related to the metabolism of these amino acids have been suggested to be candidate genes for schizophrenia. Thus, we performed a genomic case-control analysis of amino acid metabolism-related genes in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Case-control genetic association analysis of PHGDH, SHMT1, SRR, and DAO was performed. In addition, the effect of the various genotypes resulting from these four genes on changes in plasma amino acid levels in schizophrenia was assessed. The genetic case-control analysis showed that no individual single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in any of the four genes was associated with schizophrenia; only the two (rs3918347-rs4964770, P=0.0009) and three (rs3825251-rs3918347-rs4964770, P=0.002) SNP-based haplotype analysis of the DAO gene showed an association with schizophrenia even after correction for multiple testing. None of the genotypes studied was associated with changes in the plasma glycine and l- and d-serine levels during the schizophrenic clinical course. The DAO gene may be a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ohnuma
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ohnuma T, Sakai Y, Maeshima H, Hatano T, Hanzawa R, Abe S, Kida S, Shibata N, Suzuki T, Arai H. Changes in plasma glycine, L-serine, and D-serine levels in patients with schizophrenia as their clinical symptoms improve: results from the Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP). Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:1905-12. [PMID: 18835577 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 07/19/2008] [Accepted: 07/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Based on the hypothesis of NMDA receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia, plasma glycine, L-serine, and D-serine levels have been studied, since they could serve as biological markers. However, changes over time in the levels of these amino acids in schizophrenic patients have not been investigated. To clarify the mean plasma glycine, L-serine, and D-serine levels in patients with schizophrenia, levels of these amino acids were compared between healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia. The plasma levels of these amino acids during the clinical course of schizophrenia were also compared. METHODS Eighty-nine Japanese patients with schizophrenia and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were studied. Plasma glycine, L-serine, and D-serine levels and their ratios were measured twice, during the acute stage and during the remission stage, using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The admission plasma glycine, L-serine, and D-serine levels of schizophrenic patients were higher than those of healthy controls. There were no significant differences between drug-naïve patients and healthy controls in the admission levels of the plasma amino acids, but chronically medicated patients had higher admission plasma glycine and D-serine levels. Only the D-serine level and the D-/L-serine ratio were markedly significantly increased in schizophrenic patients from the time of admission to the time of discharge as their clinical symptoms improved. In addition, the increase in the plasma D-serine levels of drug-naïve patients was correlated with improvements in positive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Plasma amino acid levels, especially D-serine levels, could be useful as a "therapeutic" or "clinical state" marker in patients with acute schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ohnuma
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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Maeshima H, Ohnuma T, Sakai Y, Shibata N, Baba H, Ihara H, Higashi M, Ohkubo T, Nozawa E, Abe S, Ichikawa A, Nakano Y, Utsumi Y, Suzuki T, Arai H. Increased plasma glutamate by antipsychotic medication and its relationship to glutaminase 1 and 2 genotypes in schizophrenia -- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP). Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2007; 31:1410-8. [PMID: 17669570 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed glutamatergic neurotransmission has become recognized as a key component in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The change in serum/plasma glutamate with the use of antipsychotic medication has been studied and may be a possible clinical marker. In the present study, we examined plasma glutamate concentration, including a comprehensive investigation of its involvement with clinical course of schizophrenia and a genomic analysis. We performed a case-control genetic association analysis of the glutaminase 1 (GLS) and 2 (GLS2) genes. In addition, the difference in plasma glutamate concentration between the "acute stage" and "remission stage", and the effect of genotypes of SNPs within the two genes were assessed. The genetic association analysis of the GLS and GLS2 genes showed no association with schizophrenia. Plasma glutamate was increased with antipsychotic medication at "remission stage". Although GLS and GLS2 are not likely genetic risk factors for schizophrenia, changes in plasma glutamate concentration might be connected with clinical course of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maeshima
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Maeshima H, Okuno E, Aimi T, Morinaga T, Itoh T. An archaeal protein homologous to mammalian SRP54 and bacterial Ffh recognizes a highly conserved region of SRP RNA. FEBS Lett 2001; 507:336-40. [PMID: 11696367 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding the 54 kDa protein of signal recognition particle (SRP54) in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus has been cloned and sequenced. Recombinant P. furiosus SRP54 (pf-SRP54) and the N-terminal G-domain and C-terminal M-domain (pf-SRP54M) of pf-SRP54 with an amino-terminal addition of six histidine residues were expressed in Escherichia coli and subjected to binding experiments for SRP RNA, non-conserved 213-nucleotide RNA (helices 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) and conserved 107-nucleotide RNA (helices 6 and 8) from SRP RNA. The RNA binding properties of the purified protein were determined by filter binding assays. The histidine-tagged pf-SRP54M bound specifically to the conserved 107-nucleotide RNA in the absence of pf-SRP19, unlike the eukaryotic homologue, with an apparent binding constant (K) of 18 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Maeshima
- School of Bioresources, Hiroshima Prefectural University, Shobara City, 727-0023, Hiroshima, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that synthetic cell-permeable analogues of ceramide promote differentiation and inhibit proliferation of keratinocytes, and that the vitamin D3 inducible sphingomyelin cycle generates ceramide in keratinocytes. Although it has been suggested that exogenous ceramide induces apoptosis of keratinocytes, which is similar to their effect on other cell types, such as leukaemia cells, only a few studies have reported ceramide-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes. OBJECTIVE To determine whether ceramide induces apoptosis of keratinocytes, we used the synthetic ceramide analogue, C2-ceramide (N-acetylsphingosine) and a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line, HSC-I. METHODS We treated HSC-I cells with C2-ceramide, followed by a viability assay, morphological observations, nick end-labelling (TUNEL), DNA electrophoresis, and electron microscopy. RESULTS In the viability assay, C2-ceramide was toxic to HSC-I cells in a dose-dependent manner. Manifestations of apoptotic morphology occurred in the ceramide-treated cells, whereas these morphological changes did not occur in cells treated with dihydroceramide (N-acetylsphinganine). TUNEL revealed that many of the ceramide-treated cells showed positive reactivity. DNA electrophoresis demonstrated that C2-ceramide caused internucleosomal fragmentation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Electron microscopy revealed that the ceramide-treated cells manifested morphological characteristics typical of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The present results demonstrate that C2-ceramide induces apoptosis of transformed human keratinocytes, whereas C2-dihydroceramide does not have such an effect. The fact that ceramide induces apoptosis of keratinocyctes raises the possibility that intracellular ceramide, which is increased with differentiation of the epidermis, might be involved in terminal differentiation, a specialized form of apoptosis of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sugiki
- Department of Dermatology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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Matera KM, Zhou H, Migita CT, Hobert SE, Ishikawa K, Katakura K, Maeshima H, Yoshida T, Ikeda-Saito M. Histidine-132 does not stabilize a distal water ligand and is not an important residue for the enzyme activity in heme oxygenase-1. Biochemistry 1997; 36:4909-15. [PMID: 9125512 DOI: 10.1021/bi962321m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase is a key enzyme in the oxygen-dependent heme catabolism pathway. In order to clarify the role of highly conserved His132 in heme oxygenase isoform-1, we have prepared 30 kDa truncated rat heme oxygenase mutants in which His132 has been replaced by Ala, Gly, and Ser. The expressed recombinant mutant proteins were isolated in inclusion bodies and were recovered from the lysis pellet by dissolution in urea followed by dialysis. The solubilized fraction obtained, however, was composed of a mixture of a functional enzyme and an inactive fraction. The inactive fraction was removed by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration column chromatography, as it eluted out of the column at the void volume. The gel filtration-purified heme oxygenase mutants have spectroscopic and enzymatic properties identical to those of wild type. The hemin complex of the H132A mutant exhibits a transition between a high-spin acid form and a low-spin alkaline form with a pKa value of 7.6 identical to that in the wild-type complex. These results demonstrate that His132 in heme oxygenase does not link to the coordinated water molecule and is not an essential residue for the enzyme activity. These results are in accordance with our previous preliminary results [Ito-Maki, M., Ishikawa, K., Mansfield Matera, K., Sato, M., Ikeda-Saito, M., & Yoshida, T. (1995) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 317, 253-258] but contradict a recent report that His132 is the distal base linked to the coordinated water molecule and an important residue for enzyme catalysis [Wilks, A., Ortiz de Montellano, P. R., Sun, J., & Loehr, T. M. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 930-936]. Prolonged storage of the solubilized fraction from the inclusion bodies of the mutants, H132S in particular, results in an increase in the void volume fraction with a concomitant decrease of the 30 kDa fraction. We infer that His132 plays a structural role in stabilization of the heme oxygenase protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Matera
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4970, USA
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Maeshima H, Sato M, Ishikawa K, Katagata Y, Yoshida T. Participation of altered upstream stimulatory factor in the induction of rat heme oxygenase-1 by cadmium. Nucleic Acids Res 1996; 24:2959-65. [PMID: 8760880 PMCID: PMC146041 DOI: 10.1093/nar/24.15.2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have reported that an upstream stimulatory factor (USF) binding site is functional in transcription of the heme oxygenase-1 gene. In this study, we examined the role of USF in the induced state. By transient expression analyses with the chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase gene, we found that the USF binding site plays an important role in the induction of rat heme oxygenase-1 by cadmium, but not by hemin. To elucidate the role of USF, we prepared USF-rich nuclear extracts from control and cadmium-treated rat liver. On electrophoretic mobility shift assay using control nuclear proteins, one slowly migrating band was detected, whereas using nuclear proteins of cadmium-treated rat liver, two fast migrating bands were detected. The molecular masses of the two subunits of USF prepared from cadmium-treated rat liver were approximately 34 kDa as determined by UV cross-linking and subsequent SDS-PAGE, while the two subunits of native USF were 43 kDa and 44 kDa. DNase I footprinting analysis revealed that both the nuclear proteins bound to the same region including the USF binding site. We therefore suppose that cadmium causes some structural changes in the two proteins of USF and that the altered USF participates in the effective initiation of transcription of the rat heme oxygenase-1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Maeshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Central Laboratory for Research and Education, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
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Abstract
A strain identified as Corynebacterium fascians was found to accumulate extracellular D-alanine from glycerol. Cultural conditions for the accumulation of D-alanine were investigated and, as a result, a yield of 7 g of D-alanine per liter was obtained after a 96-h incubation in a medium containing 5% glycerol, 4% (NH(4))(2)HPO(4), and 0.3% corn steep liquor. Optical purity of D-alanine was dependent upon the concentration of corn steep liquor. At the optimal condition, almost optically pure D-alanine was formed and readily isolated (5 g/liter) from the fermentation broth. The product was not contaminated with any detectable amount of other amino acids, except for glycine which was present at a concentration of less than 1 percent.
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