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Shen J, Chen S, Li X, Wu L, Mao X, Jiang J, Zhu D. Salidroside Mediated the Nrf2/GPX4 Pathway to Attenuates Ferroptosis in Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1291-1305. [PMID: 38424396 PMCID: PMC10991011 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons, with ferroptosis playing a significant role. Salidroside (SAL) has shown neuroprotective potential, this study aims to explore its capacity to mitigate ferroptosis in PD, focusing on the modulation of the Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2)/ Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to induce PD-like symptoms, followed by SAL and Nrf2 inhibitor administration. Then behavioral tests, immunohistochemical staining, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot analysis were conducted to assess motor functions, pathological changes, ferroptosis, and related protein expressions. In vitro, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with erastin to induce ferroptosis to assess the protective effects of SAL. Additionally, A53T-α-synuclein (α-syn) was used to stimulate the PD model, SAL and a Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) was utilized to elucidate the role of the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway in mitigating ferroptosis in PD. In vivo, SAL significantly improved motor functions and reduced the expression of α-syn, while increasing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression of PD mice. Additionally, SAL treatment notably enhanced the levels of antioxidants and reduced MDA and iron content in the substantia nigra of PD mice. In vitro, SAL treatment increased the TH, GPX4, Nrf2 expression, and mitochondrial membrane potential whereas alleviated ferroptosis through the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway, as evidenced in erastin-induced and α-syn overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells. While these effects were reversed upon Nrf2 inhibition. SAL demonstrates significant potential in mitigating PD pathology and ferroptosis, positioning the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway as a promising therapeutic target. However, future studies should focus on the long-term effects of SAL, its pharmacokinetics, addressing the multifactorial nature of PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Department of General Medicine, Hangzhou Linping District First People's Hospital, No. 369 Yingbin Road, Nanyuan Street, Linping District, Hangzhou, 311199, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shasha Chen
- Department of Medical Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of General Medicine, Hangzhou Linping District First People's Hospital, No. 369 Yingbin Road, Nanyuan Street, Linping District, Hangzhou, 311199, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lele Wu
- Department of General Medicine, Hangzhou Linping District First People's Hospital, No. 369 Yingbin Road, Nanyuan Street, Linping District, Hangzhou, 311199, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Mao
- Department of General Medicine, Hangzhou Linping District First People's Hospital, No. 369 Yingbin Road, Nanyuan Street, Linping District, Hangzhou, 311199, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjie Jiang
- Department of General Medicine, Hangzhou Linping District First People's Hospital, No. 369 Yingbin Road, Nanyuan Street, Linping District, Hangzhou, 311199, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dabu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Linping District First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 311199, Zhejiang, China
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Zhu T, Liu H, Gao S, Jiang N, Chen S, Xie W. Effect of salidroside on neuroprotection and psychiatric sequelae during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115999. [PMID: 38091637 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the mental health of individuals worldwide, and the risk of psychiatric sequelae and consequent mental disorders has increased among the general population, health care workers and patients with COVID-19. Achieving effective and widespread prevention of pandemic-related psychiatric sequelae to protect the mental health of the global population is a serious challenge. Salidroside, as a natural agent, has substantial pharmacological activity and health effects, exerts obvious neuroprotective effects, and may be effective in preventing and treating psychiatric sequelae and mental disorders resulting from stress stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we systematically summarise, analyse and discuss the therapeutic effects of salidroside in the prevention and treatment of psychiatric sequelae as well as its roles in preventing the progression of mental disorders, and fully clarify the potential of salidroside as a widely applicable agent for preventing mental disorders caused by stress; the mechanisms underlying the potential protective effects of salidroside are involved in the regulation of the oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neural regeneration and cell apoptosis in the brain, the network homeostasis of neurotransmission, HPA axis and cholinergic system, and the improvement of synaptic plasticity. Notably, this review innovatively proposes that salidroside is a potential agent for treating stress-induced health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides scientific evidence and a theoretical basis for the use of natural products to combat the current mental health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Shiman Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266034, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 115, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Weijie Xie
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200122, China.
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Calabrese EJ, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Agathokleous E, Calabrese V. Rhodiola rosea and Salidroside commonly induce hormesis, with particular focus on longevity and neuroprotection. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110540. [PMID: 37169278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of Rhodiola rosea extracts and one of its major constituents, Salidroside, were evaluated for their capacity to induce hormesis/hormetic effects. The findings indicate that the Rhodiola rosea extracts and Salidroside commonly induce hormetic dose responses within a broad range of biological models, cell types and across a broad range of endpoints, with particular emphasis on longevity and neuroprotective endpoints. This paper represents the first integrative documentation and assessment of Rhodiola rosea extracts and Salidroside induction of hormetic effects. These findings have important biomedical applications and should have an important impact with respect to critical study design, dose selection and other experimental features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | | | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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Agapouda A, Grimm A, Lejri I, Eckert A. Rhodiola Rosea Extract Counteracts Stress in an Adaptogenic Response Curve Manner via Elimination of ROS and Induction of Neurite Outgrowth. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5647599. [PMID: 35602107 PMCID: PMC9122715 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5647599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Sustained stress with the overproduction of corticosteroids has been shown to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to an oxidative stress state. Mitochondria are the main generators of ROS and are directly and detrimentally affected by their overproduction. Neurons depend almost solely on ATP produced by mitochondria in order to satisfy their energy needs and to form synapses, while stress has been proven to alter synaptic plasticity. Emerging evidence underpins that Rhodiola rosea, an adaptogenic plant rich in polyphenols, exerts antioxidant, antistress, and neuroprotective effects. Methods In this study, the effect of Rhodiola rosea extract (RRE) WS®1375 on neuronal ROS regulation, bioenergetics, and neurite outgrowth, as well as its potential modulatory effect on the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway, was evaluated in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and the murine hippocampal HT22 cell lines. Stress was induced using the corticosteroid dexamethasone. Results RRE increased bioenergetics as well as cell viability and scavenged ROS with a similar efficacy in both cells lines and counteracted the respective corticosteroid-induced dysregulation. The effect of RRE, both under dexamethasone-stress and under normal conditions, resulted in biphasic U-shape and inverted U-shape dose response curves, a characteristic feature of adaptogenic plant extracts. Additionally, RRE treatment promoted neurite outgrowth and induced an increase in BDNF levels. Conclusion These findings indicate that RRE may constitute a candidate for the prevention of stress-induced pathophysiological processes as well as oxidative stress. Therefore, it could be employed against stress-associated mental disorders potentially leading to the development of a condition-specific supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Agapouda
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Grimm
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Imane Lejri
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
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Salidroside: A review of its recent advances in synthetic pathways and pharmacological properties. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 339:109268. [PMID: 33617801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside has been identified as one of the most potent compounds isolated from various Rhodiola plants, which have been used for a long time as adaptogens in traditional Chinese medicine. However, due to the severe growing environment of herbal medicine and large-scale excavation, the content of natural salidroside is extremely small. Most of the previous studies focused on herbal medicine, and there were few reviews on the synthesis of its main active ingredient salidroside. This paper presents different synthetic routes of salidroside to resolve the contradiction between supply and demand and lays the foundation for new drug research and development. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that salidroside, a promising environmentally-adapted drug with low toxicity and few side effects, possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, including activities on the cardiovascular system and central nervous system, anti-hypoxia, anti-fatigue and anti-aging activities, anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, antivirus and immune stimulation activities, antidiabetic activity, anti-osteoporotic activity, and so on. Although the former researches have summarized the pharmacological effects of salidroside, focusing on the central nervous system, diabetes, and cancer, the overall pharmacological aspects of it have not been analyzed. This review highlights biological characteristics and mechanisms of action from 2009 to now as well as toxicological and pharmacokinetic data of the analyzed compound reported so far, with a view to providing a reference for further development and utilization of salidroside.
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Neuroprotective Effects of Salidroside in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1133-1142. [PMID: 32002777 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia worldwide, is characterized by pathological hallmarks like β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and clinical manifestations including cognitive impairment, psychiatry disorders, and behavioral changes. Salidroside (Sal) extracted from Rhodiola rosea L. showed protective effects against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in a Drosophila AD model in our previous research. In the present study, daily doses of Sal were administered to APP/PS1 mice, a mouse model of AD, and several parameters were tested, including behavioral performance, Aβ status, levels of synapse-related proteins, and levels of PI3K/Akt targets of mTOR cell signaling pathway proteins. The behavioral testing showed an improvement in locomotor activity in the APP/PS1 mice after the administration of Sal. Treatment with Sal decreased both the soluble and insoluble Aβ levels and increased the expression of PSD95, NMDAR1, and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. The phosphatidylinositide PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling was upregulated, which was in accordance with the above improvements from Sal treatment. Our findings suggested that Sal may protect the damaged synapses of the neurons in the APP/PS1 mice.
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Han AR, Yang JW, Na JM, Choi SY, Cho SW. Protective effects of N,4,5-trimethylthiazol-2-amine hydrochloride on hypoxia-induced β-amyloid production in SH-SY5Y cells. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30355438 PMCID: PMC6675249 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.7.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hypoxic/ischemic injury is thought to contribute to the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the molecular mechanism that determines the relationship between hypoxia-induced β-amyloid (Aβ) generation and development of AD is not yet known. We have now investigated the protective effects of N,4,5-trimethylthiazol-2-amine hydrochloride (KHG26702), a novel thiazole derivative, on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-reoxygenation (OGD-R)-induced Aβ production in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Pretreatment of these cells with KHG26702 significantly attenuated OGD-R-induced production of reactive oxygen species and elevation of levels of malondialdehyde, prostaglandin E2, interleukin 6 and glutathione, as well as superoxide dismutase activity. KHG26702 also reduced OGD-R-induced expression of the apoptotic protein caspase-3, the apoptosis regulator Bcl-2, and the autophagy protein becn-1. Finally, KHG26702 reduced OGD-R-induced Aβ production and cleavage of amyloid precursor protein, by inhibiting secretase activity and suppressing the autophagic pathway. Although supporting data from in vivo studies are required, our results indicate that KHG26702 may prevent neuronal cell damage from OGD-R-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reum Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Ji Woong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Na
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
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Basavan D, Chalichem NSS, Kumar MKS. Phytoconstituents and their Possible Mechanistic Profile for Alzheimer's Disease - A Literature Review. Curr Drug Targets 2018; 20:263-291. [PMID: 30101703 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180813095637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Memory is an associated part of life without which livelihood of a human being becomes miserable. As the global aged population is increasing tremendously, time has come to concentrate on tail end life stage diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of such diseases whose origin is enigmatic, having an impact on later stage of life drastically due to irreparable damage of cognition, characterised by the presence of neurotoxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyper phosphorylated Tau protein as fibrillary tangles. Existing therapeutic regimen mainly focuses on symptomatic relief by targeting neurotransmitters that are secondary to AD pathology. Plant derived licensed drugs, Galantamine and Huperzine-A were studied extensively due to their AChE inhibitory action for mild to moderate cases of AD. Although many studies have proved the efficacy of AChEIs as a preferable symptom reliever, they cannot offer long term protection. The future generation drugs of AD is expected to alter various factors that underlie the disease course with a symptomatic benefit promise. As AD involves complex pathology, it is essential to consider several molecular divergent factors apart from the events that result in the production of toxic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Even though several herbals have shown neuroprotective actions, we have mentioned about the phytoconstituents that have been tested experimentally against different Alzheimer's pathology models. These phytoconstituents need to be considered by the researchers for further drug development process to make them viable clinically, which is currently a lacuna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraiswamy Basavan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of pharmacy (Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ooty-643001, India
| | - Nehru S S Chalichem
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of pharmacy (Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ooty-643001, India
| | - Mohan K S Kumar
- TIFAC CORE Herbal drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of Pharmacy (Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), ooty-643001, India
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Salidroside Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via AMPK-Dependent TXNIP/NLRP3 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8597897. [PMID: 30140371 PMCID: PMC6081551 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8597897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies suggested that salidroside could alleviate hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetic C57BLKS/Leprdb (db/db) mice. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of salidroside on high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by investigating underlying mechanisms. Mice were fed with HFD or regular diet, randomly divided into two groups, and treated with salidroside or vehicle for 8 weeks. Then, biochemical analyses and histopathological examinations were conducted in vivo and in vitro. Salidroside administration attenuated HFD-induced obesity, blood glucose variability, and hepatic lipid deposition, markedly increasing insulin sensitivity in HFD mice. In addition, salidroside suppressed oxidative stress, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the liver. In cultured hepatocytes, salidroside dose dependently regulated lipid accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation as well as improved AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and insulin sensitivity. The inhibition of AMPK activation by inhibitor or short interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in the suppression of the beneficial effects of salidroside in hepatocytes. Our findings demonstrated that salidroside protects against NAFLD by improving hepatic lipid metabolism and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and these actions are related to the regulation of the oxidative stress and AMPK-dependent TXNIP/NLRP3 pathways.
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Zhong Z, Han J, Zhang J, Xiao Q, Hu J, Chen L. Pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action, and safety of salidroside in the central nervous system. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:1479-1489. [PMID: 29872270 PMCID: PMC5973445 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s160776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this review article was to summarize comprehensive information related to the neuropharmacological activity, mechanisms of action, toxicity, and safety of salidroside in medicine. A number of studies have revealed that salidroside exhibits neuroprotective activities, including anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-Parkinson's disease, anti-Huntington's disease, anti-stroke, anti-depressive effects, and anti-traumatic brain injury; it is also useful for improving cognitive function, treating addiction, and preventing epilepsy. The mechanisms underlying the potential protective effects of salidroside involvement are the regulation of oxidative stress response, inflammation, apoptosis, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurotransmission, neural regeneration, and the cholinergic system. Being free of side effects makes salidroside potentially attractive as a candidate drug for the treatment of neurological disorders. It is evident from the available published literature that salidroside has potential use as a beneficial therapeutic medicine with high efficacy and low toxicity to the central nervous system. However, the definite target protein molecules remain unclear, and clinical trials regarding this are currently insufficient; thus, guidance for further research on the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of salidroside is urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Han
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizhou Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Hu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidian Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Yan R, Xu H, Fu X. Salidroside protects hypoxia-induced injury by up-regulation of miR-210 in rat neural stem cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1490-1497. [PMID: 29864934 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal brain hypoxia is a disease that affects the nervous system in children. Salidroside is a compound that has an anti-hypoxic effect, but the mechanism of salidroside in neonatal cerebral hypoxia is unclear. Hence, we investigated the regulatory effect and mechanism of salidroside on hypoxic-induced injury of neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs derived from embryo 14 Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by hypoxia, followed by the treatment of 0.8 mM salidroside. The expression levels of miR-210 and BTG3 in NSCs were altered by transfection. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by CCK-8 and flow cytometry analysis. qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to assess the expression changes of miR-210, BTG3, apoptosis-related factors and core factors in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. We found that hypoxia induced an apoptosis-dependent death in NSCs. Salidroside exerted bFGF-like effect, as it alleviated hypoxia-induced viability impairment and apoptosis in NSCs. Further studies showed that hypoxia plus salidroside elevated miR-210 expression, and the protective actions of salidroside on hypoxia-modulated death in NSCs were attenuated by miR-210 suppression, while were enhanced by miR-210 overexpression. Besides, BTG3 was negatively regulated by miR-210. Overexpression of BTG3 inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway; of contrast, suppression of BTG3 promoted it. To conclude, this study provide in vitro evidence that salidroside protected NSCs against hypoxia-induced injury by up-regulation of miR-210, which in turn inhibited the expression of BTG3 and activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yan
- Department of Children Rehabilitation, Women & Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi, Linyi 276016, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Children's Hospital of Kaifeng City, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Fu
- Department of Child Health Care, Women & Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi, Linyi 276016, Shandong, China.
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The Proliferation Enhancing Effects of Salidroside on Schwann Cells In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4673289. [PMID: 28680451 PMCID: PMC5478829 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4673289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Derived from Rhodiola rosea L., which is a popular plant in Eastern Europe and Asia, salidroside has pharmacological properties including antiviral, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and antioxidative effects. Recent studies show that salidroside has neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. However, the effect of salidroside on Schwann cells (SCs) and the underlying mechanisms of the salidroside-induced neurotrophin secretion have seldom been studied. In this study, the effect of salidroside on the survival, proliferation, and gene expression of Schwann cells lineage (RSC96) was studied through the examinations of the cell viability, proliferation, morphology, and expression of neurotrophic factor related genes including BDNF, GDNF, and CDNF at 2, 4, and 6 days, respectively. These results showed that salidroside significantly enhanced survival and proliferation of SCs. The underlying mechanism might involve that salidroside affected SCs growth through the modulation of several neurotrophic factors including BDNF, GDNF, and CDNF. As for the concentration, 0.4 mM, 0.2 mM, and 0.1 mM of salidroside were recommended, especially 0.2 mM. This investigation indicates that salidroside is capable of enhancing SCs survival and function in vitro, which highlights the possibility that salidroside as a drug agent to promote nerve regeneration in cellular nerve scaffold through salidroside-induced neurotrophin secretion in SCs.
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Omar SH, Scott CJ, Hamlin AS, Obied HK. The protective role of plant biophenols in mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 47:1-20. [PMID: 28301805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) into the neurotoxic oligomers followed by fibrillar aggregates is a defining characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several lines of proposed hypotheses have suggested the mechanism of AD pathology, though the exact pathophysiological mechanism is not yet elucidated. The poor understanding of AD and multitude of adverse responses reported from the current synthetic drugs are the leading cause of failure in the drug development to treat or halt the progression of AD and mandate the search for safer and more efficient alternatives. A number of natural compounds have shown the ability to prevent the formation of the toxic oligomers and disrupt the aggregates, thus attracted much attention. Referable to the abundancy and multitude of pharmacological activities of the plant active constituents, biophenols that distinguish them from the other phytochemicals as a natural weapon against the neurodegenerative disorders. This review provides a critical assessment of the current literature on in vitro and in vivo mechanistic activities of biophenols associated with the prevention and treatment of AD. We have contended the need for more comprehensive approaches to evaluate the anti-AD activity of biophenols at various pathologic levels and to assess the current evidences. Consequently, we highlighted the various problems and challenges confronting the AD research, and offer recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed H Omar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Adam S Hamlin
- School of Science & Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Hassan K Obied
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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Palmeri A, Mammana L, Tropea MR, Gulisano W, Puzzo D. Salidroside, a Bioactive Compound of Rhodiola Rosea, Ameliorates Memory and Emotional Behavior in Adult Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:65-75. [PMID: 26967223 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rhodiola Rosea (R. Rosea) is a plant used in traditional popular medicine to enhance cognition and physical performance. R. Rosea medicinal properties have been related to its capability to act as an adaptogen, i.e., a substance able to increase the organism's resistance to a variety of chemical, biological, and physical stressors in a non-specific way. These adaptogen properties have been mainly attributed to the glycoside salidroside, one of the bioactive compounds present in the standardized extracts of R. Rosea. Here, we aimed to investigate whether a single dose of salidroside is able to affect memory and emotional behavior in wild type adult mice. We performed fear conditioning to assess cued and contextual memory, elevated plus maze and open field to evaluate anxiety, and tail suspension test to evaluate depression. Our results showed that a single i.p. administration of salidroside was able to enhance fear memory and exerted an anxiolytic and antidepressant effect. These data confirmed the adaptogenic effect of R. Rosea bioactive compounds in animal models and suggest that salidroside might represent an interesting pharmacological tool to ameliorate cognition and counteract mood disorders.
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15
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Cao G, Su P, Zhang S, Guo L, Zhang H, Liang Y, Qin C, Zhang W. Ginsenoside Re reduces Aβ production by activating PPARγ to inhibit BACE1 in N2a/APP695 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 793:101-108. [PMID: 27840193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition. Reducing the Aβ load may be a new perspective for AD treatment. Ginsenoside Re is an extract from Panax notoginseng, which is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for the treatment of various diseases for years. Ginsenoside Re has been reported to decrease Aβ in Alzheimer's disease animal models, but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of ginsenoside Re. Our results showed that ginsenoside Re decreased the Aβ levels in N2a/APP695 cells. Aβ peptides are generated by β-secretase (β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1)) and γ-secretase. We found that ginsenoside Re decreased the BACE1 mRNA and protein levels and inhibited BACE1 activity in the N2a/APP695 cells. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that regulates the activity of the BACE1 promoter, and activating PPARγ can inhibit BACE1. The results also showed that ginsenoside Re significantly increased the PPARγ protein and mRNA levels. These effects of ginsenoside Re on BACE1 could be effectively inhibited by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662. These findings indicate that ginsenoside Re inhibits BACE1 through activation of PPARγ, which ultimately reduces the generation of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42. Therefore, ginsenoside Re may be a promising agent for the modulation of Aβ-related pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiong Cao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ping Su
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Limin Guo
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haijing Zhang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuexia Liang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunxia Qin
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; National & Local United Engineering Research Center for Sanqi Resources Protection and Utilization Technology, Kunming 650000, China.
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16
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Peters-Libeu C, Campagna J, Mitsumori M, Poksay KS, Spilman P, Sabogal A, Bredesen DE, John V. sAβPPα is a Potent Endogenous Inhibitor of BACE1. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 47:545-55. [PMID: 26401691 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) by the enzyme BACE1 (BACE) is the initial step in production of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), and as such has been a major target of Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug discovery efforts. Overproduction of Aβ results in neuronal cell death and accumulation of amyloid plaques in AD and in traumatic brain injury, and is also associated with stroke due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Herein we report for the first time that sAβPPα, the product of the cleavage of AβPP by α-secretase, is a potent endogenous direct inhibitor of the BACE enzyme, and that its inhibition is likely by an allosteric mechanism. Furthermore, using small-angle X-ray scattering, we show that sAβPPβ, which is identical to sAβPPα except for a 16-amino acid truncation at the carboxy terminus, adopts a completely different structure than sAβPPα and does not inhibit BACE. Our data thus reveal a novel mechanistic role played by sAβPPα in regulating overproduction of Aβ and restoring neuronal homeostasis and neuroprotection. Identification of sAβPPα as a direct BACE inhibitor may lead to design of new therapeutics targeting pathologies associated with overproduction of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesus Campagna
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Patricia Spilman
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alex Sabogal
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Dale E Bredesen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Easton Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Varghese John
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Easton Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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17
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Zhang B, Wang Y, Li H, Xiong R, Zhao Z, Chu X, Li Q, Sun S, Chen S. Neuroprotective effects of salidroside through PI3K/Akt pathway activation in Alzheimer's disease models. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:1335-43. [PMID: 27103787 PMCID: PMC4827895 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s99958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by deposits of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain parenchyma. Despite considerable research to elucidate the pathological mechanisms and identify therapeutic strategies for AD, effective treatments are still lacking. In the present study, we found that salidroside (Sal), a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from Rhodiola rosea L., can protect against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in four transgenic Drosophila AD models. Both longevity and locomotor activity were improved in Sal-fed Drosophila. Sal also decreased Aβ levels and Aβ deposition in brain and ameliorated toxicity in Aβ-treated primary neuronal culture. The neuroprotective effect of Sal was associated with upregulated phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. Our findings identify a compound that may possess potential therapeutic benefits for AD and other forms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, The Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingkun Chu
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, The Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongqiong Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Suya Sun
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, The Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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18
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Luo M, Peng H, Deng Z, Yin Z, Zhao Q, Xiong H. Preparation and Characterization of Genipin-Crosslinked Chitosan Microspheres for the Sustained Release of Salidroside. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2014-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chitosan microspheres (CsMs) that encapsulate salidroside (Sal) were prepared by the emulsion crosslinking method with naturally occurring genipin (Gp) and then examined for their in vitro release. Sal-loaded CsMs (Sal-CsMs) showed nearly spherical and smooth surfaces with internal voids. The particle size of Sal-CsMs ranged within 0.56–5.01 μm, and their encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were beyond 77.58% and 23.29%, respectively. The stability of Sal improved after entrapment into the CsMs. The release rate of Sal from CsMs was initially rapid, followed by sustained release. The release behavior depended on the pH of the release medium. The main release mechanisms underlying the release procedure were anomalous behavior and Fickian diffusion. These results indicated that CsMs with a novel crosslinker of Gp was a potential carrier system for producing functional foods containing Sal.
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19
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Xiang Y, Meng S, Wang J, Li S, Liu J, Li H, Li T, Song W, Zhou W. Two novel DNA motifs are essential for BACE1 gene transcription. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6864. [PMID: 25359283 PMCID: PMC4215305 DOI: 10.1038/srep06864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACE1 gene encodes for β-Site amyloid β precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme1, which is required for generating amyloid β protein(Aβ). Deposition of Aβ in brain plays an essential role in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis. BACE1 gene has a tissue-specific expression pattern and its expression is tightly regulated at transcriptional level. Core promoter is a minimal DNA sequence to direct transcription initiation and serves as a converging platform for the vast network of regulatory events. Here we identified the core promoter of human BACE1 gene, which is a 71 nucleotides region absent of typical known core promoter elements and is sufficient to initiate a basal transcription. Two novel DNA motifs, designated TCE1 and TCE2, were found to be involved in activating the transcription of human BACE1 gene in a synergistic way. Two single nucleotide mutations in these motifs completely abolished the promoter activity. In conclusion, our studies have demonstrated that novel DNA motif TCE1 and TCE2 in human BACE1 gene promoter are two essential cis-acting elements for BACE1 gene transcription. Studies on how these two motifs being regulated by different stimuli could provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis and pharmaceutical potentials of targeting these motifs for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 ZhongshanEr Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Shasha Meng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 ZhongshanEr Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 ZhongshanEr Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Songyang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 ZhongshanEr Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jingru Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 ZhongshanEr Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 ZhongshanEr Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 ZhongshanEr Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Weihong Song
- 1] Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 ZhongshanEr Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China [2] Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihui Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 ZhongshanEr Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
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Yoshida H, Meng P, Matsumiya T, Tanji K, Hayakari R, Xing F, Wang L, Tsuruga K, Tanaka H, Mimura J, Kosaka K, Itoh K, Takahashi I, Imaizumi T. Carnosic acid suppresses the production of amyloid-β 1-42 and 1-43 by inducing an α-secretase TACE/ADAM17 in U373MG human astrocytoma cells. Neurosci Res 2013; 79:83-93. [PMID: 24295810 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides are key molecules in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the β- and γ-secretases generates Aβ peptides; however, the alternate cleavage of APP by the α- and γ-secretases decreases Aβ production. We previously reported that carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic diterpene compound found in the labiate herbs rosemary and sage, suppresses Aβ (1-40 and 1-42) production by activating α-secretase in cultured SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells (Neurosci. Res. 2013; 75: 94-102). Here, we investigated the effect of CA on the production of Aβ peptides (1-40, 1-42 and 1-43) in U373MG human astrocytoma cells. The treatment of cells with CA suppressed Aβ40/42/43 release (55-71% decrease at 50μM). CA treatment enhanced the mRNA expressions of an α-secretase TACE (tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme, also called a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17, ADAM17); however, the β-secretase BACE1 (β-site APP-cleaving enzyme-1) was not increased by CA. Knockdown of TACE by siRNA reduced soluble-APPα release enhanced by CA and partially recovered the CA-suppressed Aβ40/42/43 release. These results suggest that CA reduces Aβ production, at least partially, by activating TACE in human astroglial cells. The use of CA may have a potential in the prevention of Aβ-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Yoshida
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Pengfei Meng
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tomoh Matsumiya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Ryo Hayakari
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kazushi Tsuruga
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine and Hospital, Hirosaki 036-8563, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine and Hospital, Hirosaki 036-8563, Japan; Department of School Health Science, Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8560, Japan
| | - Junsei Mimura
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kunio Kosaka
- Research and Development Center, Nagase & Co. Ltd., 2-2-3, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Ippei Takahashi
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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21
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Chen XF, Zhang YW, Xu H, Bu G. Transcriptional regulation and its misregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Brain 2013; 6:44. [PMID: 24144318 PMCID: PMC3854070 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-6-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of memory and cognitive function. A key neuropathological event in AD is the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. The production and clearance of Aβ in the brain are regulated by a large group of genes. The expression levels of these genes must be fine-tuned in the brain to keep Aβ at a balanced amount under physiological condition. Misregulation of AD genes has been found to either increase AD risk or accelerate the disease progression. In recent years, important progress has been made in uncovering the regulatory elements and transcriptional factors that guide the expression of these genes. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation for the known AD genes and the misregualtion that leads to AD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fen Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Salidroside promotes peripheral nerve regeneration following crush injury to the sciatic nerve in rats. Neuroreport 2013; 24:217-23. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e32835eb867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Traditional Chinese medicine: a promising candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2013; 2:6. [PMID: 23445907 PMCID: PMC3599149 DOI: 10.1186/2047-9158-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, characterized clinically by insidious onset of memory and cognition impairment, emergence of psychiatric symptoms and behavioral disorder, and impairment of activities of daily living (ADL). Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is practiced in the Chinese health care system for more than 2,000 years. In recent years, scientists have isolated many novel compounds from herbs, some of which improve dementia with fewer side effects than conventional drugs and are regarded as potential anti-AD drugs. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress on TCM showing their possible role of treatment of AD and other demented diseases and possible pharmacological actions.
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Zhao Y, Ling Y, Zhao J, Yuan Y, Guo Y, Liu Q, Wu B, Ding Z, Yang Y. Synthesis and Protective Effects of Novel Salidroside Analogues on Glucose and Serum Depletion Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:300-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Carnosic acid suppresses the production of amyloid-β 1–42 by inducing the metalloprotease gene TACE/ADAM17 in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Neurosci Res 2013; 75:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Tamagno E, Guglielmotto M, Monteleone D, Vercelli A, Tabaton M. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of β-secretase. IUBMB Life 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective effects of salidroside analogs on CCl4-induced cytotoxicity in LO2 cells. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhou S, Wang Y, Tian H, Huang Q, Gao Y, Zhang G. Anti-fatigue effects of Panax notoginseng in simulation plateau-condition mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2012; 8:197-201. [PMID: 23060693 PMCID: PMC3466454 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.99284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng (PN) is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbal drugs. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) is the main effective components of PN. However, the anti-fatigue effect of PNS in plateau-condition is unknown. OBJECTIVE Explore the anti-fatigue effects of PNS in mice living under simulation plateau-condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hundred male Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=20): one normoxia control group (NCG), one hypoxia control group (HCG), and three PNS groups in low dosage (0.42 g/kg), mid dosage (1.11 g/kg), and high dosage (11.53 g/kg). HCG and PNS groups were fed at a simulated elevation of 5 km. NCG and HCG were intragastric administrated with distilled water. After continuous administration for 10 days, the exhaustive swimming time, glycogen contents in liver, blood lactic acid (BLA), and blood glucose were determined. RESULTS Exposure of the mice to simulation plateau-condition with 5 km altitude for 10 days caused significant decrease of exercise tolerance compared to normoxia environment. The swimming time and glycogen contents in liver were significantly increased at all tested concentration (0.42, 1.11, and 11.53 g/kg). The area under the BLA curve was significantly decreased at the concentration of 0.42 g/ kg. The blood glucose of resting and 0 minutes after swimming were significantly increased by 29.31% and 15.51% (P<0.05) at a concentration of 11.53 g/kg compared to their own control groups, respectively. CONCLUSION These results indicate that PNS could postpone the appearance of fatigue and accelerate the restoration of fatigue in plateau environment, especially in low dosage (0.42 g/kg) case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhou
- Department of High Altitude Military Hygiene, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, PLA, Chongqing- 400 038, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Third Military Medical University), Ministry of Education, PLA, Chongqing- 400 038, China
- The Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing- 400 038, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Third Military Medical University), Ministry of Education, PLA, Chongqing- 400 038, China
- The Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing- 400 038, China
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing- 400 038, China
| | - Huaijun Tian
- Department of High Altitude Military Hygiene, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, PLA, Chongqing- 400 038, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Third Military Medical University), Ministry of Education, PLA, Chongqing- 400 038, China
- The Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing- 400 038, China
| | - Qingyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Third Military Medical University), Ministry of Education, PLA, Chongqing- 400 038, China
- The Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing- 400 038, China
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing- 400 038, China
| | - Yuqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Third Military Medical University), Ministry of Education, PLA, Chongqing- 400 038, China
- The Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing- 400 038, China
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing- 400 038, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of High Altitude Military Hygiene, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, PLA, Chongqing- 400 038, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Third Military Medical University), Ministry of Education, PLA, Chongqing- 400 038, China
- The Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing- 400 038, China
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Meng Y, Guo Y, Ling Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Zhou X, Ding F, Yang Y. Synthesis and protective effects of aralkyl alcoholic 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-pyranosides on hypoglycemia and serum limitation induced apoptosis in PC12 cell. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5577-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pan C, Xu Z, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, McAuliffe S, Yue Y, Li T, Xie Z. The potential dual effects of anesthetic isoflurane on hypoxia-induced caspase-3 activation and increases in β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme levels. Anesth Analg 2011; 113:145-52. [PMID: 21519046 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3182185fee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Amyloid protein (Aβ) accumulation, caspase activation, apoptosis, and hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity have been suggested to be involved in Alzheimer disease neuropathogenesis. Aβ is produced from amyloid precursor protein through proteolytic processing by the aspartyl protease β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme (BACE) and γ-secretase. Inhaled anesthetics have long been considered to protect against neurotoxicity. However, recent studies have suggested that the inhaled anesthetic isoflurane may promote neurotoxicity by inducing caspase activation and apoptosis, and by increasing levels of BACE and Aβ. We therefore sought to determine whether isoflurane can induce concentration-dependent dual effects on hypoxia-induced caspase-3 activation and increases in BACE levels: protection versus promotion. METHODS H4 human neuroglioma cells were treated with hypoxia (3% O(2)) alone, different concentrations of isoflurane (0.5% and 2%), and the combination of hypoxia and 0.5% or 2% isoflurane. The levels of caspase-3 cleavage (activation), BACE, and Bcl-2 were determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS We show for the first time that treatment with 0.5% isoflurane for 8 hours attenuated, whereas treatment with 2% isoflurane for 8 hours enhanced, hypoxia-induced caspase-3 activation and increases in BACE levels. The 2% isoflurane treatment also enhanced a hypoxia-induced decrease in Bcl-2 levels. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a potential concept that isoflurane has dual effects (protection versus promotion) on hypoxia-induced toxicity, which may act through Bcl-2 family proteins. These findings could lead to more systematic studies to determine the potential dual effects of anesthetics on Alzheimer disease-associated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxiong Pan
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St., Room 4310, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060, USA
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