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Rodrigues-Costa M, Fernandes MSDS, Jurema-Santos GC, Gonçalves LVDP, Andrade-da-Costa BLDS. Nutrigenomics in Parkinson's disease: diversity of modulatory actions of polyphenols on epigenetic effects induced by toxins. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:72-84. [PMID: 36625764 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.2017662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease (PD) is not completely understood, there is a consensus that it can be caused by multifactorial mechanisms involving genetic susceptibility, epigenetic modifications induced by toxins and mitochondrial dysfunction. In the past 20 years, great efforts have been made in order to clarify molecular mechanisms that are risk factors for this disease, as well as to identify bioactive agents for prevention and slowing down of its progression. Nutraceutical products have received substantial interest due to their nutritional, safe and therapeutic effects on several chronic diseases. The aim of this review was to gather the main evidence of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effects of phenolic compounds currently under investigation for the treatment of toxin-induced PD. These studies confirm that the neuroprotective actions of polyphenols involve complex epigenetic modulations, demonstrating that the intake of these natural compounds can be a promising, low-cost, pharmacogenomic strategy against the development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moara Rodrigues-Costa
- Programa de Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Programa de Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Belmira Lara da Silveira Andrade-da-Costa
- Programa de Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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2
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Zhvania MG, Pochkhidze N, Dashniani M, Tizabi Y, Japaridze N, Burjanadze M, Chilachava L. Short- and long-term effects of chronic toluene exposure on recognition memory in adolescent and adult male Wistar rats. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:116-121. [PMID: 36156293 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abuse of toluene-containing volatile inhalants, particularly among youth, is of significant medical and social concern worldwide. Teenagers constitute the most abundant users of toluene and the majority of adult abusers of toluene started as teenagers. Although the euphoric and neurotoxic effects of acute toluene have been widely studied, lasting effects of chronic toluene exposure, especially in various age groups, have not been well investigated. In this study, we used adolescent and adult male Wistar rats to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of chronic toluene on various behaviors including cognitive function. Daily exposure to toluene (2000 ppm) for 40 days (5min/day) resulted in age-dependent behavioral impairments. Specifically, adolescent animals showed recognition memory impairment the day after the last exposure, which had normalized by day 90 post- exposure, whereas such impairment in adult animals was still evident at day 90 post-exposure. Our data suggest that age-dependent responses should be taken into consideration in interventional attempts to overcome specific detrimental consequences of chronic toluene exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mzia G Zhvania
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University. 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Avenue,0162 Tbilisi, Georgia; Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 14 Gotua Street, 0160 Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Nino Pochkhidze
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University. 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Avenue,0162 Tbilisi, Georgia; Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 14 Gotua Street, 0160 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Manana Dashniani
- Department of Behavior and Cognitive Functions, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 14 Gotua Street, 0160 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nadezhda Japaridze
- Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 14 Gotua Street, 0160 Tbilisi, Georgia; Medical School, New Vision University, 1A Evgeni Mikeladze Street, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Maia Burjanadze
- Department of Behavior and Cognitive Functions, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 14 Gotua Street, 0160 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Lela Chilachava
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University. 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Avenue,0162 Tbilisi, Georgia
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3
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Anderson EM, Taniguchi M. Epigenetic Effects of Addictive Drugs in the Nucleus Accumbens. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:828055. [PMID: 35813068 PMCID: PMC9260254 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.828055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use induces long-lasting behavioral changes and drug craving. Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic gene regulation contributes to the development and expression of these long-lasting behavioral alterations. Here we systematically review extensive evidence from rodent models of drug-induced changes in epigenetic regulation and epigenetic regulator proteins. We focus on histone acetylation and histone methylation in a brain region important for drug-related behaviors: the nucleus accumbens. We also discuss how experimentally altering these epigenetic regulators via systemically administered compounds or nucleus accumbens-specific manipulations demonstrate the importance of these proteins in the behavioral effects of drugs and suggest potential therapeutic value to treat people with substance use disorder. Finally, we discuss limitations and future directions for the field of epigenetic studies in the behavioral effects of addictive drugs and suggest how to use these insights to develop efficacious treatments.
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4
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Mueller S, Dennison G, Liu S. An Assessment on Ethanol-Blended Gasoline/Diesel Fuels on Cancer Risk and Mortality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6930. [PMID: 34203568 PMCID: PMC8297295 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer is traditionally considered a genetic disease, the epigenetic abnormalities, including DNA hypermethylation, histone deacetylation, and/or microRNA dysregulation, have been demonstrated as a hallmark of cancer. Compared with gene mutations, aberrant epigenetic changes occur more frequently, and cellular epigenome is more susceptible to change by environmental factors. Excess cancer risks are positively associated with exposure to occupational and environmental chemical carcinogens, including those from gasoline combustion exhausted in vehicles. Of note, previous studies proposed particulate matter index (PMI) as a measure for gasoline sooting tendency, and showed that, compared with the other molecules in gasoline, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, 2-methylnaphthalene and toluene significantly contribute to PMI of the gasoline blends. Mechanistically, both epigenome and genome are important in carcinogenicity, and the genotoxicity of chemical agents has been thoroughly studied. However, less effort has been put into studying the epigenotoxicity. Moreover, as the blending of ethanol into gasoline substitutes for carcinogens, like benzene, toluene, xylene, butadiene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc., a reduction of secondary aromatics has been achieved in the atmosphere. This may lead to diminished cancer initiation and progression through altered cellular epigenetic landscape. The present review summarizes the most important findings in the literature on the association between exposures to carcinogens from gasoline combustion, cancer epigenetics and the potential epigenetic impacts of biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Mueller
- Energy Resources Center, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Gail Dennison
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA;
| | - Shujun Liu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA;
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5
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Cruz SL, Bowen SE. The last two decades on preclinical and clinical research on inhalant effects. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:106999. [PMID: 34087382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the scientific evidence generated in the last two decades on the effects and mechanisms of action of most commonly misused inhalants. In the first section, we define what inhalants are, how they are used, and their prevalence worldwide. The second section presents specific characteristics that define the main groups of inhalants: (a) organic solvents; (b) aerosols, gases, and volatile anesthetics; and (c) alkyl nitrites. We include a table with the molecular formula, structure, synonyms, uses, physicochemical properties and exposure limits of representative compounds within each group. The third and fourth sections review the direct acute and chronic effects of common inhalants on health and behavior with a summary of mechanisms of action, respectively. In the fifth section, we address inhalant intoxication signs and available treatment. The sixth section examines the health effects, intoxication, and treatment of nitrites. The seventh section reviews current intervention strategies. Finally, we propose a research agenda to promote the study of (a) solvents other than toluene; (b) inhalant mixtures; (c) effects in combination with other drugs of abuse; (d) age and (e) sex differences in inhalant effects; (f) the long-lasting behavioral effects of animals exposed in utero to inhalants; (g) abstinence signs and neurochemical changes after interrupting inhalant exposure; (h) brain networks involved in inhalant effects; and finally (i) strategies to promote recovery of inhalant users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia L Cruz
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, México City 14330, México.
| | - Scott E Bowen
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave., Suite 7906.1, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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6
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Dick AL, Zhao Q, Crossin R, Baker‐Andresen D, Li X, Edson J, Roeh S, Marshall V, Bredy TW, Lawrence AJ, Duncan JR. Adolescent chronic intermittent toluene inhalation dynamically regulates the transcriptome and neuronal methylome within the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12937. [PMID: 32638524 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inhalants containing the volatile solvent toluene are misused to induce euphoria or intoxication. Inhalant abuse is most common during adolescence and can result in cognitive impairments during an important maturational period. Despite evidence suggesting that epigenetic modifications may underpin the cognitive effects of inhalants, no studies to date have thoroughly investigated toluene-induced regulation of the transcriptome or discrete epigenetic modifications within the brain. To address this, we investigated effects of adolescent chronic intermittent toluene (CIT) inhalation on gene expression and DNA methylation profiles within the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which undergoes maturation throughout adolescence and has been implicated in toluene-induced cognitive deficits. Employing both RNA-seq and genome-wide Methyl CpG Binding Domain (MBD) Ultra-seq analysis, we demonstrate that adolescent CIT inhalation (10 000 ppm for 1 h/day, 3 days/week for 4 weeks) induces both transient and persistent changes to the transcriptome and DNA methylome within the rat mPFC for at least 2 weeks following toluene exposure. We demonstrate for the first time that adolescent CIT exposure results in dynamic regulation of the mPFC transcriptome likely relating to acute inflammatory responses and persistent deficits in synaptic plasticity. These adaptations may contribute to the cognitive deficits associated with chronic toluene exposure and provide novel molecular targets for preventing long-term neurophysiological abnormalities following chronic toluene inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec L.W. Dick
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Munich Germany
| | - Qiongyi Zhao
- Queensland Brain Institute University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Rose Crossin
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | | | - Xiang Li
- Queensland Brain Institute University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Janette Edson
- Queensland Brain Institute University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Simone Roeh
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Munich Germany
| | - Victoria Marshall
- Queensland Brain Institute University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Timothy W. Bredy
- Queensland Brain Institute University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Jhodie R. Duncan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
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7
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Sartor GC. Epigenetic pharmacotherapy for substance use disorder. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:269-274. [PMID: 31306644 PMCID: PMC6733674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Identifying novel therapeutics for the treatment of substance use disorder (SUD) is an area of intensive investigation. Prior strategies that have attempted to modify one or a few neurotransmitter receptors have had limited success, and currently there are no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of cocaine, methamphetamine, and marijuana use disorders. Because drugs of abuse are known to alter the expression of numerous genes in reward-related brain regions, epigenetic-based therapies have emerged as intriguing targets for therapeutic innovation. Here, I evaluate potential therapeutic approaches and challenges in targeting epigenetic factors for the treatment of SUD and highlight examples of promising strategies and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Sartor
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 69 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
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8
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Anderson EM, Penrod RD, Barry SM, Hughes BW, Taniguchi M, Cowan CW. It is a complex issue: emerging connections between epigenetic regulators in drug addiction. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2477-2491. [PMID: 30251397 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug use leads to addiction in some individuals, but the underlying brain mechanisms that control the transition from casual drug use to an intractable substance use disorder (SUD) are not well understood. Gene x environment interactions such as the frequency of drug use and the type of substance used likely to promote maladaptive plastic changes in brain regions that are critical for controlling addiction-related behavior. Epigenetics encompasses a broad spectrum of mechanisms important for regulating gene transcription that are not dependent on changes in DNA base pair sequences. This review focuses on the proteins and complexes contributing to epigenetic modifications in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) following drug experience. We discuss in detail the three major mechanisms: histone acetylation and deacetylation, histone methylation, and DNA methylation. We discuss how drug use alters the regulation of the associated proteins regulating these processes and highlight how experimental manipulations of these proteins in the NAc can alter drug-related behaviors. Finally, we discuss the ways that histone modifications and DNA methylation coordinate actions by recruiting large epigenetic enzyme complexes to aid in transcriptional repression. Targeting these multiprotein epigenetic enzyme complexes - and the individual proteins that comprise them - might lead to effective therapeutics to reverse or treat SUDs in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M Anderson
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425-2030, USA
| | - Rachel D Penrod
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425-2030, USA
| | - Sarah M Barry
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425-2030, USA
| | - Brandon W Hughes
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425-2030, USA
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425-2030, USA
| | - Christopher W Cowan
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425-2030, USA
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9
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You C, Vandegrift B, Brodie MS. Ethanol actions on the ventral tegmental area: novel potential targets on reward pathway neurons. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1711-1726. [PMID: 29549390 PMCID: PMC5949141 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) evaluates salience of environmental stimuli and provides dopaminergic innervation to many brain areas affected by acute and chronic ethanol exposure. While primarily associated with rewarding and reinforcing stimuli, recent evidence indicates a role for the VTA in aversion as well. Ethanol actions in the VTA may trigger neuroadaptation resulting in reduction of the aversive responses to alcohol and a relative increase in the rewarding responses. In searching for effective pharmacotherapies for the treatment of alcohol abuse and alcoholism, recognition of this imbalance may reveal novel strategies. In addition to conventional receptor/ion channel pharmacotherapies, epigenetic factors that control neuroadaptation to chronic ethanol treatment can be targeted as an avenue for development of therapeutic approaches to restore the balance. Furthermore, when exploring therapies to address reward/aversion imbalance in the action of alcohol in the VTA, sex differences have to be taken into account to ensure effective treatment for both men and women. These principles apply to a VTA-centric approach to therapies, but should hold true when thinking about the overall approach in the development of neuroactive drugs to treat alcohol use disorders. Although the functions of the VTA itself are complex, it is a useful model system to evaluate the reward/aversion imbalance that occurs with ethanol exposure and could be used to provide new leads in the efforts to develop novel drugs to treat alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang You
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave, Room E-202, M/C 901, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Bertha Vandegrift
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave, Room E-202, M/C 901, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mark S Brodie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave, Room E-202, M/C 901, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Chushak YG, Chapleau RR, Frey JS, Mauzy CA, Gearhart JM. Identifying potential protein targets for toluene using a molecular similarity search, in silico docking and in vitro validation. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00009b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of chemicals greatly depends on their interaction with macromolecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. G. Chushak
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine
- Wright Patterson AFB
- USA
- Molecular Bioeffects Branch
- Bioeffects Division
| | - R. R. Chapleau
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine
- Wright Patterson AFB
- USA
- Molecular Bioeffects Branch
- Bioeffects Division
| | - J. S. Frey
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine
- Wright Patterson AFB
- USA
- Molecular Bioeffects Branch
- Bioeffects Division
| | - C. A. Mauzy
- Molecular Bioeffects Branch
- Bioeffects Division
- Human Effectiveness Directorate
- 711th Human Performance Wing
- Air Force Research Laboratory (711 HPW/RHDJ)
| | - J. M. Gearhart
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine
- Wright Patterson AFB
- USA
- Molecular Bioeffects Branch
- Bioeffects Division
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11
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Balmer NV, Klima S, Rempel E, Ivanova VN, Kolde R, Weng MK, Meganathan K, Henry M, Sachinidis A, Berthold MR, Hengstler JG, Rahnenführer J, Waldmann T, Leist M. From transient transcriptome responses to disturbed neurodevelopment: role of histone acetylation and methylation as epigenetic switch between reversible and irreversible drug effects. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1451-68. [PMID: 24935251 PMCID: PMC4067541 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The superordinate principles governing the transcriptome response of differentiating cells exposed to drugs are still unclear. Often, it is assumed that toxicogenomics data reflect the immediate mode of action (MoA) of drugs. Alternatively, transcriptome changes could describe altered differentiation states as indirect consequence of drug exposure. We used here the developmental toxicants valproate and trichostatin A to address this question. Neurally differentiating human embryonic stem cells were treated for 6 days. Histone acetylation (primary MoA) increased quickly and returned to baseline after 48 h. Histone H3 lysine methylation at the promoter of the neurodevelopmental regulators PAX6 or OTX2 was increasingly altered over time. Methylation changes remained persistent and correlated with neurodevelopmental defects and with effects on PAX6 gene expression, also when the drug was washed out after 3-4 days. We hypothesized that drug exposures altering only acetylation would lead to reversible transcriptome changes (indicating MoA), and challenges that altered methylation would lead to irreversible developmental disturbances. Data from pulse-chase experiments corroborated this assumption. Short drug treatment triggered reversible transcriptome changes; longer exposure disrupted neurodevelopment. The disturbed differentiation was reflected by an altered transcriptome pattern, and the observed changes were similar when the drug was washed out during the last 48 h. We conclude that transcriptome data after prolonged chemical stress of differentiating cells mainly reflect the altered developmental stage of the model system and not the drug MoA. We suggest that brief exposures, followed by immediate analysis, are more suitable for information on immediate drug responses and the toxicity MoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V. Balmer
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Box 657, 78457 Constance, Germany
| | - Stefanie Klima
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Box 657, 78457 Constance, Germany
| | - Eugen Rempel
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Violeta N. Ivanova
- Chair for Bioinformatics and Information Mining, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | | | - Matthias K. Weng
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Box 657, 78457 Constance, Germany
| | - Kesavan Meganathan
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Margit Henry
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael R. Berthold
- Chair for Bioinformatics and Information Mining, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Waldmann
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Box 657, 78457 Constance, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Box 657, 78457 Constance, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
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12
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Cruz SL, Rivera-García MT, Woodward JJ. Review of toluene action: clinical evidence, animal studies and molecular targets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 3. [PMID: 25360325 DOI: 10.4303/jdar/235840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
It has long been known that individuals will engage in voluntary inhalation of volatile solvents for their rewarding effects. However, research into the neurobiology of these agents has lagged behind that of more commonly used drugs of abuse such as psychostimulants, alcohol and nicotine. This imbalance has begun to shift in recent years as the serious effects of abused inhalants, especially among children and adolescents, on brain function and behavior have become appreciated and scientifically documented. In this review, we discuss the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of toluene, a representative member of a large class of organic solvents commonly used as inhalants. This is followed by a brief summary of the clinical and pre-clinical evidence showing that toluene and related solvents produce significant effects on brain structures and processes involved in the rewarding aspects of drugs. This is highlighted by tables highlighting toluene's effect on behaviors (reward, motor effects, learning, etc.) and cellular proteins (e.g. voltage and ligand-gated ion channels) closely associated the actions of abused substances. These sections demonstrate not only the significant progress that has been made in understanding the neurobiological basis for solvent abuse but also reveal the challenges that remain in developing a coherent understanding of this often overlooked class of drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia L Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, México, D.F., University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | - John J Woodward
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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13
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Hester SD, Johnstone AF, Boyes WK, Bushnell PJ, Shafer TJ. Transcriptional responses in rat brain associated with sub-chronic toluene inhalation are not predicted by effects of acute toluene inhalation. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2012; 34:530-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Huerta-Rivas A, López-Rubalcava C, Sánchez-Serrano SL, Valdez-Tapia M, Lamas M, Cruz SL. Toluene impairs learning and memory, has antinociceptive effects, and modifies histone acetylation in the dentate gyrus of adolescent and adult rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 102:48-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Li Y, Yan GY, Zhou JQ, Bu Q, Deng PC, Yang YZ, Lv L, Deng Y, Zhao JX, Shao X, Zhu RM, Huang YN, Zhao YL, Cen XB. ¹H NMR-based metabonomics in brain nucleus accumbens and striatum following repeated cocaine treatment in rats. Neuroscience 2012; 218:196-205. [PMID: 22609933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown a few cerebral metabolites modified by cocaine in brain regions; however, endogenous metabolic profiling has been lacking. Ex vivo (1)H NMR (hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy-based metabonomic approach coupled with partial least squares was applied to investigate the changes of cerebral metabolites in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and striatum of rats subjected to cocaine treatment. Our results showed that both single and repeated cocaine treatment can induce significant changes in a couple of cerebral metabolites. The increase of neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) were observed in NAc and striatum from the rats repeatedly treated with cocaine. Creatine and taurine increased in NAc whereas taurine increased and creatine decreased in striatum after repeated cocaine treatment. Elevation of N-acetylaspartate in NAc and striatum and decrease of lactate in striatum were observed, which may reflect the mitochondria dysregulation caused by cocaine; moreover, alterations of choline, phosphocholine and glycerol in NAc and striatum could be related to membrane disruption. Moreover, groups of rats with and without conditioned place preference (CPP) apparatus are presenting difference in metabolites. Collectively, our results provide the first evidence of metabonomic profiling of NAc and striatum in response to cocaine, exhibiting a regionally-specific alteration patterns. We find that repeated cocaine administration leads to significant metabolite alterations, which are involved in neurotransmitter disturbance, oxidative stress, mitochondria dysregulation and membrane disruption in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Zhvania MG, Chilachava LR, Japaridze NJ, Gelazonia LK, Lordkipanidze TG. Immediate and persisting effect of toluene chronic exposure on hippocampal cell loss in adolescent and adult rats. Brain Res Bull 2012; 87:187-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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