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Qiu Y, Yin Z, Wang M, Duan A, Xie M, Wu J, Wang Z, Chen G. Motor function improvement and acceptability of non-invasive brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease: a Bayesian network analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1212640. [PMID: 37564368 PMCID: PMC10410144 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1212640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder defined by progressive motor and non-motor symptoms. Currently, the pro-cognitive effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are well-supported in previous literatures. However, controversy surrounding the optimal therapeutic target for motor symptom improvement remains. Objective This network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the optimal strategy to use rTMS and tDCS to improve motor symptoms in PD. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane electronic databases for eligible randomized controlled studies (RCTs). The primary outcome was the changes of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III score, the secondary outcomes were Time Up and Go Test (TUGT) time, and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ) score. The safety outcome was indicated by device-related adverse events (AEs). Result We enrolled 28 studies that investigated various strategies, including high-frequency rTMS (HFrTMS), low-frequency rTMS (LFrTMS), anodal tDCS (AtDCS), AtDCS_ cathode tDCS (CtDCS), HFrTMS_LFrTMS, and Sham control groups. Both HFrTMS (short-term: mean difference (MD) -5.21, 95% credible interval (CrI) -9.26 to -1.23, long-term: MD -4.74, 95% CrI -6.45 to -3.05), and LFrTMS (long-term: MD -4.83, 95% CrI -6.42 to -3.26) were effective in improving UPDRS-III score compared with Sham stimulation. For TUGT time, HFrTMS (short-term: MD -2.04, 95% CrI -3.26 to -0.8, long-term: MD -2.66, 95% CrI -3.55 to -1.77), and AtDCS (short-term: MD -0.8, 95% CrI -1.26 to -0.34, long-term: MD -0.69, 95% CrI -1.31 to -0.08) produced a significant difference compared to Sham stimulation. However, no statistical difference was found in FOGQ score among the various groups. According to the surface under curve ranking area, HFrTMS ranked first in short-term UPDRS-III score (0.77), short-term (0.82), and long-term (0.84) TUGT time, and short-term FOGQ score (0.73). With respect to the safety outcomes, all strategies indicated few and self-limiting AEs. Conclusion HFrTMS may be the optimal non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) intervention to improve motor function in patients with PD while NIBS has generally been well tolerated. However, further studies focusing on the clinical outcomes resulting from the different combined schedules of tDCS and rTMS are required. Systematic review registration https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2023-4-0087/, identifier: 202340087.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziqian Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Menghan Wang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Aojie Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Minjia Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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2
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Cousineau J, Plateau V, Baufreton J, Le Bon-Jégo M. Dopaminergic modulation of primary motor cortex: From cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying motor learning to cognitive symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 167:105674. [PMID: 35245676 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary motor cortex (M1) is crucial for movement execution, especially dexterous ones, but also for cognitive functions like motor learning. The acquisition of motor skills to execute dexterous movements requires dopamine-dependent and -independent plasticity mechanisms within M1. In addition to the basal ganglia, M1 is disturbed in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about how the lack of dopamine (DA), characteristic of PD, directly or indirectly impacts M1 circuitry. Here we review data from studies of PD patients and the substantial research in non-human primate and rodent models of DA depletion. These models enable us to understand the importance of DA in M1 physiology at the behavioral, network, cellular, and synaptic levels. We first summarize M1 functions and neuronal populations in mammals. We then look at the origin of M1 DA and the cellular location of its receptors and explore the impact of DA loss on M1 physiology, motor, and executive functions. Finally, we discuss how PD treatments impact M1 functions.
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3
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Raval NR, Gudmundsen F, Juhl M, Andersen IV, Speth N, Videbæk A, Petersen IN, Mikkelsen JD, Fisher PM, Herth MM, Plavén-Sigray P, Knudsen GM, Palner M. Synaptic Density and Neuronal Metabolic Function Measured by Positron Emission Tomography in the Unilateral 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:715811. [PMID: 34867258 PMCID: PMC8636601 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.715811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is caused by progressive neurodegeneration and characterised by motor dysfunction. Neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons also causes aberrations within the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, which has been hypothesised to lead to non-motor symptoms such as depression. Individuals with PD have both lower synaptic density and changes in neuronal metabolic function in the basal ganglia, as measured using [11C]UCB-J and [18F]FDG positron emission tomography (PET), respectively. However, the two radioligands have not been directly compared in the same PD subject or in neurodegeneration animal models. Here, we investigate [11C]UCB-J binding and [18F]FDG uptake in the CSTC circuit following a unilateral dopaminergic lesion in rats and compare it to sham lesioned rats. Rats received either a unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or saline in the medial forebrain bundle and rostral substantia nigra (n = 4/group). After 3 weeks, all rats underwent two PET scans using [18F]FDG, followed by [11C]UCB-J on a separate day. [18F]FDG uptake and [11C]UCB-J binding were both lower in the ipsilateral striatal regions compared to the contralateral regions. Using [11C]UCB-J, we could detect an 8.7% decrease in the ipsilateral ventral midbrain, compared to a 2.9% decrease in ventral midbrain using [18F]FDG. Differential changes between hemispheres for [11C]UCB-J and [18F]FDG outcomes were also evident in the CSTC circuit’s cortical regions, especially in the orbitofrontal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex where higher synaptic density yet lower neuronal metabolic function was observed, following lesioning. In conclusion, [11C]UCB-J and [18F]FDG PET can detect divergent changes following a dopaminergic lesion in rats, especially in cortical regions that are not directly affected by the neurotoxin. These results suggest that combined [11C]UCB-J and [18F]FDG scans could yield a better picture of the heterogeneous cerebral changes in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul Ravi Raval
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Gudmundsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Juhl
- Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Vang Andersen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Speth
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annesofie Videbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Nymann Petersen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens D Mikkelsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Matthias Manfred Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikael Palner
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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4
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Apetz N, Paralikar K, Neumaier B, Drzezga A, Wiedermann D, Iyer R, Munns G, Scott E, Timmermann L, Endepols H. Towards chronic deep brain stimulation in freely moving hemiparkinsonian rats: Applicability and functionality of a fully implantable stimulation system. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33607640 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abe806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed at investigating a novel fully implantable deep brain stimulation system and its ability to modulate brain metabolism and behavior through subthalamic nucleus stimulation in a hemiparkinsonian rat model. Approach Twelve male rats were unilaterally lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine in the medial forebrain bundle and received a fully implantable deep brain stimulation system aiming at the ipsilesional subthalamic nucleus. Each rat underwent three cylinder tests to analyze front paw use: A PRE test before any surgical intervention, an OFF test after surgery but before stimulation onset and an ON test under deep brain stimulation. To visualize brain glucose metabolism in the awake animal, two [18F]FDG scans were conducted in the OFF and ON condition. At least four weeks after surgery, an [18F]FDOPA scan was used to check for dopaminergic integrity. Main results In general, STN DBS increased [18F]FDG uptake ipsilesionally and decreased it contralesionally. More specifically, bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, ipsilateral caudate putamen, sensorimotor cortex and nucleus accumbens showed significantly higher tracer uptake in ON compared to OFF condition. Contralateral cingulate and secondary motor cortex, caudate putamen, amygdala, hippocampus, retrosplenial granular cortex, superior colliculus, and parts of the cerebellum exhibited significantly higher [18F]FDG uptake in the OFF condition. On the behavioral level, stimulation was able improve use of the contralesional affected front paw suggesting an effective stimulation produced by the implanted system. Significance The fully implantable stimulation system developed by us and presented here offers the output of arbitrary user-defined waveforms, patterns and stimulation settings and allows tracer accumulation in freely moving animals. It is therefore a suitable device for implementing behavioral PET studies. It contributes immensely to the possibilities to characterize and unveil the effects and mechanisms of deep brain stimulation offering valuable clues for future improvements of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Apetz
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molegular Imaging, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 50937, GERMANY
| | - Kunal Paralikar
- Medtronic Inc, 7000 Central Avenue NE Friedley, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55432-5604, UNITED STATES
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Julich, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 52428, GERMANY
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 50937, GERMANY
| | - Dirk Wiedermann
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, Köln, 50931, GERMANY
| | - Rajesh Iyer
- Medtronic Inc, 7000 Central Avenue NE Fridley, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55432-5604, UNITED STATES
| | - Gordon Munns
- Medtronic Inc, 7000 Central Avenue NE Friedley, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55432-5604, UNITED STATES
| | - Erik Scott
- Medtronic Inc, 7000 Central Avenue NE Friedley, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55432-5604, UNITED STATES
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Marburg Center of Neurology, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Hessen, 35039, GERMANY
| | - Heike Endepols
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 50937, GERMANY
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5
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Park HW, Park CG, Park M, Lee SH, Park HR, Lim J, Paek SH, Choy YB. Intrastriatal administration of coenzyme Q10 enhances neuroprotection in a Parkinson's disease rat model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9572. [PMID: 32533070 PMCID: PMC7293316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, and no treatment has been yet established to prevent disease progression. Coenzyme Q10, an antioxidant, has been considered a promising neuroprotective agent; however, conventional oral administration provides limited efficacy due to its very low bioavailability. In this study, we hypothesised that continuous, intrastriatal administration of a low dose of Coenzyme Q10 could effectively prevent dopaminergic neuron degeneration. To this end, a Parkinson's disease rat model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine was established, and the treatment was applied a week before the full establishment of this disease model. Behavioural tests showed a dramatically decreased number of asymmetric rotations in the intrastriatal Coenzyme Q10 group compared with the no treatment group. Rats with intrastriatal Coenzyme Q10 exposure also exhibited a larger number of dopaminergic neurons, higher expression of neurogenetic and angiogenetic factors, and less inflammation, and the effects were more prominent than those of orally administered Coenzyme Q10, although the dose of intrastriatal Coenzyme Q10 was 17,000-times lower than that of orally-administered Coenzyme Q10. Therefore, continuous, intrastriatal delivery of Coenzyme Q10, especially when combined with implantable devices for convection-enhanced delivery or deep brain stimulation, can be an effective strategy to prevent neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ran Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Chitre NM, Wood BJ, Ray A, Moniri NH, Murnane KS. Docosahexaenoic acid protects motor function and increases dopamine synthesis in a rat model of Parkinson's disease via mechanisms associated with increased protein kinase activity in the striatum. Neuropharmacology 2020; 167:107976. [PMID: 32001239 PMCID: PMC7110909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that leads to motor deficits and selective destruction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. PD is typically treated by dopamine replacement agents; however, dopamine replacement loses effectiveness in the later stages of the disease. Here, we describe the neuroprotective effects of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the medial forebrain bundle 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of advanced-stage PD in rats. We show that daily administration of DHA protects against core symptoms of PD, including deficits in postural stability, gait integrity, and dopamine neurochemistry in motor areas of the striatum. Our results also demonstrate that DHA increases striatal dopamine synthesis via phosphorylation of the rate-limiting catecholamine synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, in a manner dependent on the second messenger-linked protein kinases PKA and PKC. We also show that DHA specifically reverses dopamine loss in the nigrostriatal pathway, with no effect in the mesolimbic or mesocortical pathways. This suggests that DHA is unlikely to produce pharmacotherapeutic or adverse effects that depend on dopamine pathways other than the nigrostriatal pathway. To our knowledge, previous reports have not examined the effects of DHA in such an advanced-stage model, documented that the dopamine synthesizing effects of DHA in vivo are mediated through the activation of protein kinases and regulation of TH activity, or demonstrated specificity to the nigrostriatal pathway. These novel findings corroborate the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids seen in PD patients and suggest that DHA provides a novel means of protecting patients for dopamine neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Milind Chitre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bo Jarrett Wood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Azizi Ray
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Sean Murnane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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7
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Ruppert MC, Greuel A, Tahmasian M, Schwartz F, Stürmer S, Maier F, Hammes J, Tittgemeyer M, Timmermann L, van Eimeren T, Drzezga A, Eggers C. Network degeneration in Parkinson’s disease: multimodal imaging of nigro-striato-cortical dysfunction. Brain 2020; 143:944-959. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The spreading hypothesis of neurodegeneration assumes an expansion of neural pathologies along existing neural pathways. Multimodal neuroimaging studies have demonstrated distinct topographic patterns of cerebral pathologies in neurodegeneration. For Parkinson’s disease the hypothesis so far rests largely on histopathological evidence of α-synuclein spreading in a characteristic pattern and progressive nigrostriatal dopamine depletion. Functional consequences of nigrostriatal dysfunction on cortical activity remain to be elucidated. Our goal was to investigate multimodal imaging correlates of degenerative processes in Parkinson’s disease by assessing dopamine depletion and its potential effect on striatocortical connectivity networks and cortical metabolism in relation to parkinsonian symptoms. We combined 18F-DOPA-PET, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET and resting state functional MRI to multimodally characterize network alterations in Parkinson’s disease. Forty-two patients with mild-to-moderate stage Parkinson’s disease and 14 age-matched healthy control subjects underwent a multimodal imaging protocol and comprehensive clinical examination. A voxel-wise group comparison of 18F-DOPA uptake identified the exact location and extent of putaminal dopamine depletion in patients. Resulting clusters were defined as seeds for a seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analysis. 18F-FDG metabolism was compared between groups at a whole-brain level and uptake values were extracted from regions with reduced putaminal connectivity. To unravel associations between dopaminergic activity, striatocortical connectivity, glucose metabolism and symptom severity, correlations between normalized uptake values, seed-to-cluster β-values and clinical parameters were tested while controlling for age and dopaminergic medication. Aside from cortical hypometabolism, 18F-FDG-PET data for the first time revealed a hypometabolic midbrain cluster in patients with Parkinson’s disease that comprised caudal parts of the bilateral substantia nigra pars compacta. Putaminal dopamine synthesis capacity was significantly reduced in the bilateral posterior putamen and correlated with ipsilateral nigral 18F-FDG uptake. Resting state functional MRI data indicated significantly reduced functional connectivity between the dopamine depleted putaminal seed and cortical areas primarily belonging to the sensorimotor network in patients with Parkinson’s disease. In the inferior parietal cortex, hypoconnectivity in patients was significantly correlated with lower metabolism (left P = 0.021, right P = 0.018). Of note, unilateral network alterations quantified with different modalities corresponded with contralateral motor impairments. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that degeneration of nigrostriatal fibres functionally impairs distinct striatocortical connections, disturbing the efficient interplay between motor processing areas and impairing motor control in patients with Parkinson’s disease. The present study is the first to reveal trimodal evidence for network-dependent degeneration in Parkinson’s disease by outlining the impact of functional nigrostriatal pathway impairment on striatocortical functional connectivity networks and cortical metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Ruppert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Universities Marburg and Gießen, Germany
| | - Andrea Greuel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Marburg, Germany
| | - Masoud Tahmasian
- Institue of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Frank Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the Brothers of Mercy, Trier, Germany
| | - Sophie Stürmer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jochen Hammes
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress and Aging Associated Disease (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Universities Marburg and Gießen, Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Research Center Jülich, Germany
| | - Carsten Eggers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Universities Marburg and Gießen, Germany
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8
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Barilar JO, Knezovic A, Perhoc AB, Homolak J, Riederer P, Salkovic-Petrisic M. Shared cerebral metabolic pathology in non-transgenic animal models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:231-250. [PMID: 32030485 PMCID: PMC7035309 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the most common chronic neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by motoric dysfunction or cognitive decline in the early stage, respectively, but often by both symptoms in the advanced stage. Among underlying molecular pathologies that PD and AD patients have in common, more attention is recently paid to the central metabolic dysfunction presented as insulin resistant brain state (IRBS) and altered cerebral glucose metabolism, both also explored in animal models of these diseases. This review aims to compare IRBS and alterations in cerebral glucose metabolism in representative non-transgenic animal PD and AD models. The comparison is based on the selectivity of the neurotoxins which cause experimental PD and AD, towards the cellular membrane and intracellular molecular targets as well as towards the selective neurons/non-neuronal cells, and the particular brain regions. Mitochondrial damage and co-expression of insulin receptors, glucose transporter-2 and dopamine transporter on the membrane of particular neurons as well as astrocytes seem to be the key points which are further discussed in a context of alterations in insulin signalling in the brain and its interaction with dopaminergic transmission, particularly regarding the time frame of the experimental AD/PD pathology appearance and the correlation with cognitive and motor symptoms. Such a perspective provides evidence on IRBS being a common underlying metabolic pathology and a contributor to neurodegenerative processes in representative non-transgenic animal PD and AD models, instead of being a direct cause of a particular neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Department and Research Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Institute of Fundamental Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Research Centre of Excellence, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 12, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Chambers NE, Lanza K, Bishop C. Pedunculopontine Nucleus Degeneration Contributes to Both Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1494. [PMID: 32009944 PMCID: PMC6974690 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by hypokinetic motor features; however, patients also display non-motor symptoms like sleep disorders. The standard treatment for PD is dopamine replacement with L-DOPA; however, symptoms including gait deficits and sleep disorders are unresponsive to L-DOPA. Notably, these symptoms have been linked to aberrant activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). Of late, clinical trials involving PPN deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been employed to alleviate gait deficits. Although preclinical evidence implicating PPN cholinergic neurons in gait dysfunction was initially promising, DBS trials fell short of expected outcomes. One reason for the failure of DBS may be that the PPN is a heterogenous nucleus that consists of GABAergic, cholinergic, and glutamatergic neurons that project to a diverse array of brain structures. Second, DBS trials may have been unsuccessful because PPN neurons are susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction, Lewy body pathology, and degeneration in PD. Therefore, pharmaceutical or gene-therapy strategies targeting specific PPN neuronal populations or projections could better alleviate intractable PD symptoms. Unfortunately, how PPN neuronal populations and their respective projections influence PD motor and non-motor symptoms remains enigmatic. Herein, we discuss normal cellular and neuroanatomical features of the PPN, the differential susceptibility of PPN neurons to PD-related insults, and we give an overview of literature suggesting a role for PPN neurons in motor and sleep deficits in PD. Finally, we identify future approaches directed towards the PPN for the treatment of PD motor and sleep symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher Bishop
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
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10
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Shin H, Lee SY, Cho HU, Oh Y, Kim IY, Lee KH, Jang DP, Min HK. Fornix Stimulation Induces Metabolic Activity and Dopaminergic Response in the Nucleus Accumbens. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1109. [PMID: 31708723 PMCID: PMC6821687 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Papez circuit, including the fornix white matter bundle, is a well-known neural network that is involved in multiple limbic functions such as memory and emotional expression. We previously reported a large-animal study of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the fornix that found stimulation-induced hemodynamic responses in both the medial limbic and corticolimbic circuits on functional resonance imaging (fMRI) and evoked dopamine responses in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), as measured by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). The effects of DBS on the fornix are challenging to analyze, given its structural complexity and connection to multiple neuronal networks. In this study, we extend our earlier work to a rodent model wherein we characterize regional brain activity changes resulting from fornix stimulation using fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) micro positron emission tomography (PET) and monitor neurochemical changes using FSCV with pharmacological confirmation. Both global functional changes and local changes were measured in a rodent model of fornix DBS. Functional brain activity was measured by micro-PET, and the neurochemical changes in local areas were monitored by FSCV. Micro-PET images revealed increased glucose metabolism within the medial limbic and corticolimbic circuits. Neurotransmitter efflux induced by fornix DBS was monitored at NAc by FSCV and identified by specific neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitors. We found a significant increase in the metabolic activity in several key regions of the medial limbic circuits and dopamine efflux in the NAc following fornix stimulation. These results suggest that electrical stimulation of the fornix modulates the activity of brain memory circuits, including the hippocampus and NAc within the dopaminergic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Shin
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-U Cho
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Dong Pyo Jang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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11
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Crabbé M, Van der Perren A, Kounelis S, Lavreys T, Bormans G, Baekelandt V, Casteels C, Van Laere K. Temporal changes in neuroinflammation and brain glucose metabolism in a rat model of viral vector-induced α-synucleinopathy. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112964. [PMID: 31136763 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rat models based on viral vector-mediated overexpression of α-synuclein are regarded as highly valuable models that closely mimic cardinal features of human Parkinson's disease (PD) such as L-DOPA-dependent motor impairment, dopaminergic neurodegeneration and α-synuclein inclusions. To date, the downstream effects of dopaminergic cell loss on brain glucose metabolism, including the neuroinflammation component, have not been phenotyped in detail for this model. Cerebral glucose metabolism was monitored throughout different stages of the disease using in vivo 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and was combined with in vitro [18F]DPA-714 autoradiography to assess concomitant inflammation. Rats were unilaterally injected with recombinant adeno-associated viral vector serotype 2/7 (rAAV2/7) encoding either A53T α-synuclein or eGFP. Brain [18F]FDG microPET was performed at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9 weeks post-surgery, in combination with behavioral tests. As a second experiment, [18F]DPA-714 autoradiography was executed across the same timeline. Voxel-based analysis of relative [18F]FDG uptake showed a dynamic pattern of PD-related metabolic changes throughout the disease progression (weeks 2-9). Glucose hypermetabolism covering a large bilateral area reaching from the insular, motor- and somatosensory cortex to the striatum was observed at week 2. At week 4, hypermetabolism presented in a cluster covering the ipsilateral nigra-thalamic region, whereas hypometabolism was noted in the ipsilateral striatum at week 6. Elevated [18F]FDG uptake was seen in a cluster extending across the contralateral striatum, motor- and somatosensory cortex at week 9. Increased [18F]FDG in the region of the substantia nigra was associated with increased [18F]DPA-714 binding, and correlated significantly with motor symptoms. These findings point to disease-associated metabolic and neuroinflammatory changes taking place in the primary area of dopaminergic neurodegeneration but also closely interconnected motor and somatosensory brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Crabbé
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; MoSAIC - Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Anke Van der Perren
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Savannah Kounelis
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; MoSAIC - Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Lavreys
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; MoSAIC - Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- MoSAIC - Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cindy Casteels
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; MoSAIC - Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; MoSAIC - Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Vetel S, Sérrière S, Vercouillie J, Vergote J, Chicheri G, Deloye JB, Dollé F, Bodard S, Tronel C, Nadal-Desbarats L, Lefèvre A, Emond P, Chalon S. Extensive exploration of a novel rat model of Parkinson's disease using partial 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of dopaminergic neurons suggests new therapeutic approaches. Synapse 2018; 73:e22077. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Vetel
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
| | | | - Johnny Vercouillie
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
- INSERM CIC 1415, University Hospital; Tours France
| | - Jackie Vergote
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Dollé
- CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Service hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay; Orsay France
| | - Sylvie Bodard
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
| | - Claire Tronel
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
| | | | | | - Patrick Emond
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
- CHRU Tours; Tours France
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
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Kordys E, Apetz N, Schneider K, Duncan E, Büschbell B, Rohleder C, Sué M, Drzezga A, Neumaier B, Timmermann L, Endepols H. Motor impairment and compensation in a hemiparkinsonian rat model: correlation between dopamine depletion severity, cerebral metabolism and gait patterns. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:68. [PMID: 28831764 PMCID: PMC5567589 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebral dopamine depletion is associated with PD subtype-specific metabolic patterns of hypo- and hypermetabolism. It has been hypothesised that hypometabolism reflects impairment, while hypermetabolism may indicate compensatory activity. In order to associate metabolic patterns with pathophysiological and compensatory mechanisms, we combined resting state [18F]FDG-PET (to demonstrate brain metabolism in awake animals), [18F]FDOPA-PET (dopamine depletion severity) and gait analysis in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine rat model. RESULTS We found unilateral nigro-striatal dopaminergic loss to decrease swing speed of the contralesional forelimb and stride length of all paws in association with depletion severity. Depletion severity was found to correlate with compensatory changes such as increased stance time of the other three paws and diagonal weight shift to the ipsilesional hind paw. [18F]FDG-PET revealed ipsilesional hypo- and contralesional hypermetabolism; metabolic deactivation of the ipsilesional network needed for sensorimotor integration (hippocampus/retrosplenial cortex/lateral posterior thalamus) was solely associated with bradykinesia, but hypometabolism of the ipsilesional rostral forelimb area was related to both pathological and compensatory gait changes. Mixed effects were also found for hypermetabolism of the contralesional midbrain locomotor region, while contralesional striatal hyperactivation was linked to motor impairments rather than compensation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that ipsilesional hypo- and contralesional hypermetabolism contribute to both motor impairment and compensation. This is the first time when energy metabolism, dopamine depletion and gait analysis were combined in a hemiparkinsonian model. By experimentally increasing or decreasing compensational brain activity, its potential and limits can be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kordys
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Nadine Apetz
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Katharina Schneider
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Eilidh Duncan
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Beatriz Büschbell
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Cathrin Rohleder
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Sué
- Max-Planck Institute of Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany.,Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany.
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14
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Westphal R, Simmons C, Mesquita MB, Wood TC, Williams SCR, Vernon AC, Cash D. Characterization of the resting-state brain network topology in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172394. [PMID: 28249008 PMCID: PMC5382982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) is an imaging technology that has recently gained attention for its ability to detect disruptions in functional brain networks in humans, including in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), revealing early and widespread brain network abnormalities. This methodology is now readily applicable to experimental animals offering new possibilities for cross-species translational imaging. In this context, we herein describe the application of rsfMRI to the unilaterally-lesioned 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat, a robust experimental model of the dopamine depletion implicated in PD. Using graph theory to analyse the rsfMRI data, we were able to provide meaningful and translatable measures of integrity, influence and segregation of the underlying functional brain architecture. Specifically, we confirm that rats share a similar functional brain network topology as observed in humans, characterised by small-worldness and modularity. Interestingly, we observed significantly reduced functional connectivity in the 6-OHDA rats, primarily in the ipsilateral (lesioned) hemisphere as evidenced by significantly lower node degree, local efficiency and clustering coefficient in the motor, orbital and sensorimotor cortices. In contrast, we found significantly, and bilaterally, increased thalamic functional connectivity in the lesioned rats. The unilateral deficits in the cortex are consistent with the unilateral nature of this model and further support the validity of the rsfMRI technique in rodents. We thereby provide a methodological framework for the investigation of brain networks in other rodent experimental models of PD, as well as of animal models in general, for cross-comparison with human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Westphal
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michel B. Mesquita
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias C. Wood
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve C. R. Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony C. Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Disrupted brain metabolic connectivity in a 6-OHDA-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease examined using persistent homology-based analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33875. [PMID: 27650055 PMCID: PMC5030651 DOI: 10.1038/srep33875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement impairments in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the consequent disruption of connectivity in the cortico-striatal-thalamic loop. This study evaluated brain metabolic connectivity in a 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced mouse model of PD using 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET). Fourteen PD-model mice and ten control mice were used for the analysis. Voxel-wise t-tests on FDG PET results yielded no significant regional metabolic differences between the PD and control groups. However, the PD group showed lower correlations between the right caudoputamen and the left caudoputamen and right visual cortex. Further network analyses based on the threshold-free persistent homology framework revealed that brain networks were globally disrupted in the PD group, especially between the right auditory cortex and bilateral cortical structures and the left caudoputamen. In conclusion, regional glucose metabolism of PD was preserved, but the metabolic connectivity of the cortico-striatal-thalamic loop was globally impaired in PD.
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Characterization of gray matter atrophy following 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigrostriatal system. Neuroscience 2016; 334:166-179. [PMID: 27506141 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unilaterally-lesioned 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat is one of the most commonly used experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we investigated whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that is widely used in human PD research, has the potential to non-invasively detect macroscopic structural brain changes in the 6-OHDA rat in ways translatable to humans. METHODS We measured the gray matter (GM) composition in the unilateral 6-OHDA rat in comparison to sham animals using whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) - an unbiased MR image analysis technique. The number of nigral dopamine (DA) neurons and the density of their cortical projections were examined post-mortem using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS VBM revealed widespread bilateral changes in gray matter volume (GMV) on a topographic scale in the brains of 6-OHDA rats, compared to sham-operated rats. The greatest changes were in the lesioned hemisphere, which displayed reductions of GMV in motor, cingulate and somatosensory cortex. Histopathological results revealed dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra (SN) and a denervation in the striatum, as well as in the frontal, somatosensory and cingulate cortices. CONCLUSION Unilateral nigrostriatal 6-OHDA lesioning leads to widespread GMV changes, which extend beyond the nigrostriatal system and resemble advanced Parkinsonism. This study highlights the potential of structural MRI, and VBM in particular, for the system-level phenotyping of rodent models of Parkinsonism and provides a methodological framework for future studies in novel rodent models as they become available to the research community.
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Altered neuronal activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus: An electrophysiological study in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2016; 305:57-64. [PMID: 26924016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a new deep brain stimulation target for treating Parkinson's disease (PD). But the alterations of the PPN electrophysiological activities in PD are still debated. To investigate these potential alterations, extracellular single unit and local field potential (LFP) activities in the PPN were recorded in unilateral hemispheric 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats and in control rats, respectively. The spike activity results revealed two types of neurons (Type I and Type II) with distinct electrophysiological characteristics in the PPN. Both types of neurons had increased firing rate and changed firing pattern in lesioned rats when compared to control rats. Specifically, Type II neurons showed an increased firing rate when the rat state was switched from rest to locomotion. The LFP results demonstrated that lesioned rats had lower LFP power at 0.7-12Hz and higher power at 12-30Hz than did control animals in either resting or locomotor state. These findings provide a better understanding of the effects of 6-OHDA lesion on neuronal activities in the PPN and also provide a proof of the link between this structure and locomotion, which contributes to better understanding the mechanisms of the PPN functioning in the pathophysiology of PD.
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Chou YH, Hickey PT, Sundman M, Song AW, Chen NK. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor symptoms in Parkinson disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 2015; 72:432-40. [PMID: 25686212 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.4380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique that has been closely examined as a possible treatment for Parkinson disease (PD). However, results evaluating the effectiveness of rTMS in PD are mixed, mostly owing to low statistical power or variety in individual rTMS protocols. OBJECTIVES To determine the rTMS effects on motor dysfunction in patients with PD and to examine potential factors that modulate the rTMS effects. DATA SOURCES Databases searched included PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library from inception to June 30, 2014. STUDY SELECTION Eligible studies included sham-controlled, randomized clinical trials of rTMS intervention for motor dysfunction in patients with PD. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Relevant measures were extracted independently by 2 investigators. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated with random-effects models. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Motor examination of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. RESULTS Twenty studies with a total of 470 patients were included. Random-effects analysis revealed a pooled SMD of 0.46 (95% CI, 0.29-0.64), indicating an overall medium effect size favoring active rTMS over sham rTMS in the reduction of motor symptoms (P<.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the effect sizes estimated from high-frequency rTMS targeting the primary motor cortex (SMD, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.46-1.08; P<.001) and low-frequency rTMS applied over other frontal regions (SMD, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.13-0.87; P=.008) were significant. The effect sizes obtained from the other 2 combinations of rTMS frequency and rTMS site (ie, high-frequency rTMS at other frontal regions: SMD, 0.23; 95% CI, -0.02 to 0.48, and low primary motor cortex: SMD, 0.28; 95% CI, -0.23 to 0.78) were not significant. Meta-regression revealed that a greater number of pulses per session or across sessions is associated with larger rTMS effects. Using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, we characterized the quality of evidence presented in this meta-analysis as moderate quality. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The pooled evidence suggests that rTMS improves motor symptoms for patients with PD. Combinations of rTMS site and frequency as well as the number of rTMS pulses are key modulators of rTMS effects. The findings of our meta-analysis may guide treatment decisions and inform future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-hui Chou
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Patrick T Hickey
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark Sundman
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Allen W Song
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nan-kuei Chen
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina4Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Functional neuroimaging of amphetamine-induced striatal neurotoxicity in the pleiotrophin knockout mouse model. Neurosci Lett 2015; 591:132-137. [PMID: 25703219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine-induced neurotoxic effects have traditionally been studied using immunohistochemistry and other post-mortem techniques, which have proven invaluable for the definition of amphetamine-induced dopaminergic damage in the nigrostriatal pathway. However, these approaches are limited in that they require large numbers of animals and do not provide the temporal data that can be collected in longitudinal studies using functional neuroimaging techniques. Unfortunately, functional imaging studies in rodent models of drug-induced neurotoxicity are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the changes in brain glucose metabolism caused by amphetamine in the pleiotrophin knockout mouse (PTN-/-), a genetic model with increased vulnerability to amphetamine-induced neurotoxic effects. We showed that administration of amphetamine causes a significantly greater loss of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase content in PTN-/- mice than in wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, [(18)F]-FDG-PET shows that amphetamine produces a significant decrease in glucose metabolism in the striatum and prefrontal cortex in the PTN-/- mice, compared to WT mice. These findings suggest that [(18)F]-FDG uptake measured by PET is useful for detecting amphetamine-induced changes in glucose metabolism in vivo in specific brain areas, including the striatum, a key feature of amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity.
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20
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Neuroprotective effect of curcumin on hippocampal injury in 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease rat. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:357-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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