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Yuan JJ, Bian YC, Ma S, Chen W, Zhang FY, Zhang H, Miao LY. Pharmacokinetics, Mass Balance and Metabolism of [ 14C]HSK21542, a Novel Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist, in Humans. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:723-731. [PMID: 37833493 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE HSK21542, a synthetic short-chain polypeptide, is a selective peripheral kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist. In this single-centre, non-randomized, open-label study, the pharmacokinetics, mass balance, metabolism and excretion of HSK21542 were investigated. METHODS A single intravenous dose of 2 μg/0.212 μCi/kg [14C]HSK21542 was administered to six healthy male subjects. Samples of blood, urine and faeces were collected for quantitative determination of total radioactivity and unchanged HSK21542, and identification of metabolites. RESULTS The mean total recovery was 81.89% of the radiolabelled dose over 240 h post-dose, with 35.60% and 46.30% excreted in faeces and urine, respectively. The mean maximum concentration (Cmax), the half-life (t1/2) and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-t) of total radioactivity (TRA) in plasma were 20.4 ±4.16 ng Eq./g, 1.93 ± 0.322 h and 21.8 ± 2.93 h·ng Eq./g, respectively, while the Cmax, t1/2 and the AUC0-t of unchanged HSK21542 were 18.3 ± 3.36 ng/mL, 1.66 ± 0.185 h and 18.4 ± 2.24 h·ng/mL, respectively. The blood-to-plasma ratios of TRA at several times ranged from 0.46 to 0.54. [14C]HSK21542 was detected as the main circulating substance in plasma, accounting for 92.17% of the AUC of TRA. The unchanged parent compound was the only major radioactive chemical in urine (100.00% of TRA) and faeces (93.53% of TRA). Metabolites were very minor components. CONCLUSIONS HSK21542 was barely metabolized in vivo and mainly excreted with unchanged HSK21542 as its main circulating component in plasma. It was speculated that renal excretion was the principal excretion pathway, and faecal excretion was the secondary pathway. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05835934.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Cong Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sheng Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Sichuan Haisco Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Feng-Yi Zhang
- Sichuan Haisco Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Li-Yan Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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2
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Todorov P, Georgieva S, Tchekalarova J, Peneva P, Mateeva P, Assenov B, Dzhambazova E, Pechlivanova D. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of anti-hyperalgesia, anticonvulsant and antioxidant activity of novel VV-hemorphin-5 analogs. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300267. [PMID: 37532631 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Two series of new VV-hemorphin-5 analogs with structures Val-Val-Tyr-Xxx-Trp-Thr-Gln-NH2 and Adam-Val-Val-Tyr-Xxx-Trp-Thr-Gln-NH2 , where Xxx is Ac5c (1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid), Ac6c (1-aminocyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid), Ac7c (1-aminocycloheptane-1-carboxylic acid), and Adam is the low-molecular-weight lipophilic adamantyl building block, were synthesized, characterized electrochemically and evaluated for antioxidant, anti-hyperalgesia, and anticonvulsant activity. The design of the compounds followed the strategy to improve the propensity for aqueous solubility and/or to increase their affinity for the target receptor or enzyme. The partition coefficient value shows that the peptide scaffold goes from hydrophilic to lipophilic with the increasing size of the cycloalkane ring and even more with the introduction of the adamantane. The peptides C5-V and C7-V were the only analogs that provoked an immediate antinociceptive effect changing the mechanical pain threshold. The six new peptide analogs produced a significant and long-lasting carrageenan model of inflammatory pain in rats. While the adamantane hemorphin analog Ad7-V was the only compound with the potency to suppress psychomotor seizures in the 6-Hz test, the C6-V and Ad6-V exhibited protective activity against the seizure spread in the maximal electroshock seizure test in mice. The active analogs did not show neurotoxicity or sedative effects. Our results revealed a structure-related specific activity of a newly designed hemorphin analog that could be used as a template for future modification and preparation of compounds with potential analgesic and anticonvulsant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stela Georgieva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petia Peneva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Polina Mateeva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Borislav Assenov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Dzhambazova
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Pechlivanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria
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Araújo C, Oliveira RD, Pinto-Ribeiro F, Almeida-Aguiar C. An Insight on the Biomedical Potential of Portuguese Propolis from Gerês. Foods 2022; 11:3431. [PMID: 36360044 PMCID: PMC9656172 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a progressive degenerative disease of weight-bearing joints, is the second leading cause of disability in the world. Despite all the advances and research over the last years, none of the proposed strategies has been effective in generating functional and long-lasting tissue. Due to the high prevalence of OA and the urgent need for an effective and successful treatment, interest in natural products as anti-inflammatory agents, such as propolis and its components, has emerged. In this work, we estimate the biomedical potential of Portuguese propolis, evaluating the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of single hydroalcoholic extracts prepared with propolis from Gerês sampled over a five-year period (2011-2015) (G.EE70 and G.EE35). The in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of mixtures of the same samples (mG.EE70 and mG.EE35) was evaluated for the first time too. DPPH• radical scavenging and superoxide anion scavenging assays showed the strong antioxidant potential of both hydroalcoholic extracts, either prepared from single propolis samples or from the mixtures of the same samples. Results also revealed an anti-inflammatory effect of mG.EE35, both in vitro by inhibiting BSA denaturation and in vivo in the OA-induced model by improving mechanical hyperalgesia as well as the gait pattern parameters. Results further support the use of propolis blends as a better and more efficient approach to take full advantage of the bioactive potential of propolis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Araújo
- Biology Department, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Dias Oliveira
- Biology Department, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
- CBMA—Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Almeida-Aguiar
- Biology Department, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- CBMA—Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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4
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The role of kappa opioid receptors in immune system - An overview. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 933:175214. [PMID: 36007608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are one of the most effective anti-nociceptive agents used in patients with cancer pain or after serious surgery in most countries. The endogenous opioid system participates in pain perception, but recently its role in inflammation was determined. κ-opioid receptors (KOP receptors), a member of the opioid receptor family, are expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system as well as on the surface of different types of immune cells, e.g. T cells, B cells and monocytes. In this review, we focused on the involvement of KOP receptors in the inflammatory process and described their function in a number of conditions in which the immune system plays a key role (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, vascular dysfunction) and inflammatory pain. We summed up the application of known KOP ligands in pathophysiology and we aimed to shed new light on KOP receptors as important elements during inflammation.
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Massaly N, Markovic T, Creed M, Al-Hasani R, Cahill CM, Moron JA. Pain, negative affective states and opioid-based analgesics: Safer pain therapies to dampen addiction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 157:31-68. [PMID: 33648672 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Across centuries and civilizations opioids have been used to relieve pain. In our modern societies, opioid-based analgesics remain one of the most efficient treatments for acute pain. However, the long-term use of opioids can lead to the development of analgesic tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, opioid use disorders, and overdose, which can ultimately produce respiratory depressant effects with fatal consequences. In addition to the nociceptive sensory component of pain, negative affective states arising from persistent pain represent a risk factor for developing an opioid use disorder. Several studies have indicated that the increase in prescribed opioid analgesics since the 1990s represents the root of our current opioid epidemic. In this review, we will present our current knowledge on the endogenous opioid system within the pain neuroaxis and the plastic changes occurring in this system that may underlie the occurrence of pain-induced negative affect leading to misuse and abuse of opioid medications. Dissecting the allostatic neuronal changes occurring during pain is the most promising avenue to uncover novel targets for the development of safer pain medications. We will discuss this along with current and potential approaches to treat pain-induced negative affective states that lead to drug misuse. Moreover, this chapter will provide a discussion on potential avenues to reduce the abuse potential of new analgesic drugs and highlight a basis for future research and drug development based on recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Massaly
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States; Washington University in St Louis, Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, United States; Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Tamara Markovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States; Washington University in St Louis, Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, United States; Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Meaghan Creed
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States; Washington University in St Louis, Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, United States; Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ream Al-Hasani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States; Washington University in St Louis, Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, United States; Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, United States; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jose A Moron
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States; Washington University in St Louis, Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, United States; Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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6
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Kaski SW, White AN, Gross JD, Siderovski DP. Potential for Kappa-Opioid Receptor Agonists to Engineer Nonaddictive Analgesics: A Narrative Review. Anesth Analg 2021; 132:406-419. [PMID: 33332902 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A serious adverse effect of prescription opioid analgesics is addiction, both to these analgesics and to illicit drugs like heroin that also activate the µ-opioid receptor (MOR). Opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid overdose deaths represent a current American health crisis, and the prescription of opioid analgesics has contributed significantly to this crisis. While prescription opioids are highly effective analgesics, there currently exists no facile way to use them for extended periods without the risk of addiction. If addiction caused by MOR-targeting analgesics could be blocked by blending in a new "antiaddiction" ingredient that does not diminish analgesia and does not introduce its own therapeutically limiting side effects, then continued clinical use of prescription opioids for treating pain could be maintained (or even enhanced) instead of curtailed. In this narrative review, we contextualize this hypothesis, first with a brief overview of the current American opioid addiction crisis. The neurobiology of 2 key receptors in OUD development, MOR and the κ-opioid receptor (KOR), is then discussed to highlight the neuroanatomical features and circuitry in which signal transduction from these receptors lie in opposition-creating opportunities for pharmacological intervention in curtailing the addictive potential of MOR agonism. Prior findings with mixed MOR/KOR agonists are considered before exploring new potential avenues such as biased KOR agonists. New preclinical data are highlighted, demonstrating that the G protein-biased KOR agonist nalfurafine reduces the rewarding properties of MOR-targeting analgesics and enhances MOR-targeting analgesic-induced antinociception. Finally, we discuss the recent discovery that a regulator of G protein signaling (namely, RGS12) is a key component of signaling bias at KOR, presenting another drug discovery target toward identifying a single agent or adjuvant to be added to traditional opioid analgesics that could reduce or eliminate the addictive potential of the latter drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane W Kaski
- From the Departments of Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Allison N White
- From the Departments of Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Joshua D Gross
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David P Siderovski
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
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7
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Ro JY, Zhang Y, Tricou C, Yang D, da Silva JT, Zhang R. Age and Sex Differences in Acute and Osteoarthritis-Like Pain Responses in Rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:1465-1472. [PMID: 31412104 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated age and sex differences in acute and chronic pain in rats. Groups of young (3-6 months) and aged (20-24 months) male and female Fischer 344 rats were used to assess basal thermal and mechanical thresholds, capsaicin-induced acute nocifensive responses and c-Fos expression in the spinal cord, and monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced knee osteoarthritis (OA)-like pain responses. There was a significant sex, but not age, effect on thermal threshold on the hindpaw and mechanical threshold on the knee joint. No significant age and sex differences in capsaicin-induced nocifensive and c-Fos responses were observed. MIA induced a greater peak reduction of weight-bearing responses in aged males than young rats. Aged females developed the most profound weight-bearing deficit. With knee joint sensitivity as a primary outcome measure, MIA induced more pronounced and longer-lasting hyperalgesia in older rats, with aged female rats showing the worst effect. These data suggest that age may not have significant effect on acute nociceptive processing, but it significantly impacts OA-like pain, making aged rats, especially females, more vulnerable to chronic pain conditions. These preclinical models should provide important tools to investigate basic mechanisms underlying the impact of age and sex in chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Y Ro
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore
| | - Youping Zhang
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore
| | - Christina Tricou
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore
| | - Joyce T da Silva
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore
| | - Ruixin Zhang
- Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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Abstract
Preclinical models that assess "pain" in rodents typically measure increases in behaviors produced by a "pain stimulus." A large literature exists showing that kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists can decrease these "pain-stimulated behaviors" following many different pain stimuli. Despite showing apparent antinociceptive properties in these preclinical models, KOR agonists failed as analgesics in clinical trials. Recent studies that assessed decreases in behavior due to a pain stimulus show that KOR agonists are not effective in restoring these "pain-depressed behaviors" to normal levels, which agrees with the lack of effectiveness for KOR agonists in clinical trials. One current explanation for the failure of previous KOR agonists in clinical trials is that those agonists activated beta-arrestin signaling and that KOR agonists with a greater bias for G protein signaling will be more successful. However, neither G protein-biased agonists nor beta-arrestin-biased agonists are very effective in assays of pain-depressed behavior, which suggests that novel biased agonists may still not be effective analgesics. This review provides a concise account of the effectiveness of KOR agonists in preclinical models of pain-stimulated and pain-depressed behaviors following the administration of different pain stimuli. Based on the previous results, it may be appropriate to include both behaviors when testing the analgesic potential of KOR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Lazenka
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, USA.
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Paton KF, Atigari DV, Kaska S, Prisinzano T, Kivell BM. Strategies for Developing κ Opioid Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Pain with Fewer Side Effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:332-348. [PMID: 32913006 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is significant need to find effective, nonaddictive pain medications. κ Opioid receptor (KOPr) agonists have been studied for decades but have recently received increased attention because of their analgesic effects and lack of abuse potential. However, a range of side effects have limited the clinical development of these drugs. There are several strategies currently used to develop safer and more effective KOPr agonists. These strategies include identifying G-protein-biased agonists, developing peripherally restricted KOPr agonists without centrally mediated side effects, and developing mixed opioid agonists, which target multiple receptors at specific ratios to balance side-effect profiles and reduce tolerance. Here, we review the latest developments in research related to KOPr agonists for the treatment of pain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review discusses strategies for developing safer κ opioid receptor (KOPr) agonists with therapeutic potential for the treatment of pain. Although one strategy is to modify selective KOPr agonists to create peripherally restricted or G-protein-biased structures, another approach is to combine KOPr agonists with μ, δ, or nociceptin opioid receptor activation to obtain mixed opioid receptor agonists, therefore negating the adverse effects and retaining the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly F Paton
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand (K.P., D.V.A., B.M.K.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (S.K., T.P.)
| | - Diana V Atigari
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand (K.P., D.V.A., B.M.K.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (S.K., T.P.)
| | - Sophia Kaska
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand (K.P., D.V.A., B.M.K.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (S.K., T.P.)
| | - Thomas Prisinzano
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand (K.P., D.V.A., B.M.K.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (S.K., T.P.)
| | - Bronwyn M Kivell
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand (K.P., D.V.A., B.M.K.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (S.K., T.P.)
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Custodio-Patsey L, Donahue RR, Fu W, Lambert J, Smith BN, Taylor BK. Sex differences in kappa opioid receptor inhibition of latent postoperative pain sensitization in dorsal horn. Neuropharmacology 2019; 163:107726. [PMID: 31351975 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tissue injury produces a delicate balance between latent pain sensitization (LS) and compensatory endogenous opioid receptor analgesia that continues for months, even after re-establishment of normal pain thresholds. To evaluate the contribution of mu (MOR), delta (DOR), and/or kappa (KOR) opioid receptors to the silencing of chronic postoperative pain, we performed plantar incision at the hindpaw, waited 21 days for the resolution of hyperalgesia, and then intrathecally injected subtype-selective ligands. We found that the MOR-selective inhibitor CTOP (1-1000 ng) dose-dependently reinstated mechanical hyperalgesia. Two DOR-selective inhibitors naltrindole (1-10 μg) and TIPP[Ψ] (1-20 μg) reinstated mechanical hyperalgesia, but only at the highest dose that also produced itching, licking, and tail biting. Both the prototypical KOR-selective inhibitors nor-BNI (0.1-10 μg) and the newer KOR inhibitor with more canonical pharmocodynamic effects, LY2456302 (0.1-10 μg), reinstated mechanical hyperalgesia. Furthermore, LY2456302 (10 μg) increased the expression of phosphorylated signal-regulated kinase (pERK), a marker of central sensitization, in dorsal horn neurons but not glia. Sex studies revealed that LY2456302 (0.3 μg) reinstated hyperalgesia and pERK expression to a greater degree in female as compared to male mice. Our results suggest that spinal MOR and KOR, but not DOR, maintain LS within a state of remission to reduce the intensity and duration of postoperative pain, and that endogenous KOR but not MOR analgesia is greater in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Custodio-Patsey
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA
| | - Renée R Donahue
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA
| | - Weisi Fu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA
| | - Joshua Lambert
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, 302 Multidisciplinary Science Building, Lexington, KY, 40536-0082, USA
| | - Bret N Smith
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA
| | - Bradley K Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and the Pittsburgh Project to End Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Emery MA, Eitan S. Members of the same pharmacological family are not alike: Different opioids, different consequences, hope for the opioid crisis? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:428-449. [PMID: 30790677 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pain management is the specialized medical practice of modulating pain perception and thus easing the suffering and improving the life quality of individuals suffering from painful conditions. Since this requires the modulation of the activity of endogenous systems involved in pain perception, and given the large role that the opioidergic system plays in pain perception, opioids are currently the most effective pain treatment available and are likely to remain relevant for the foreseeable future. This contributes to the rise in opioid use, misuse, and overdose death, which is currently characterized by public health officials in the United States as an epidemic. Historically, the majority of preclinical rodent studies were focused on morphine. This has resulted in our understanding of opioids in general being highly biased by our knowledge of morphine specifically. However, recent in vitro studies suggest that direct extrapolation of research findings from morphine to other opioids is likely to be flawed. Notably, these studies suggest that different opioid analgesics (opioid agonists) engage different downstream signaling effects within the cell, despite binding to and activating the same receptors. This recognition implies that, in contrast to the historical status quo, different opioids cannot be made equivalent by merely dose adjustment. Notably, even at equianalgesic doses, different opioids could result in different beneficial and risk outcomes. In order to foster further translational research regarding drug-specific differences among opioids, here we review basic research elucidating differences among opioids in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, their capacity for second messenger pathway activation, and their interactions with the immune system and the dopamine D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Emery
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience (TAMIN), College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shoshana Eitan
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience (TAMIN), College Station, TX, USA.
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12
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Basso L, Aboushousha R, Fan CY, Iftinca M, Melo H, Flynn R, Agosti F, Hollenberg MD, Thompson R, Bourinet E, Trang T, Altier C. TRPV1 promotes opioid analgesia during inflammation. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/575/eaav0711. [PMID: 30940767 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pain and inflammation are inherently linked responses to injury, infection, or chronic diseases. Given that acute inflammation in humans or mice enhances the analgesic properties of opioids, there is much interest in determining the inflammatory transducers that prime opioid receptor signaling in primary afferent nociceptors. Here, we found that activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel stimulated a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway that was accompanied by the shuttling of the scaffold protein β-arrestin2 to the nucleus. The nuclear translocation of β-arrestin2 in turn prevented its recruitment to the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), the subsequent internalization of agonist-bound MOR, and the suppression of MOR activity that occurs upon receptor desensitization. Using the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) inflammatory pain model to examine the role of TRPV1 in regulating endogenous opioid analgesia in mice, we found that naloxone methiodide (Nal-M), a peripherally restricted, nonselective, and competitive opioid receptor antagonist, slowed the recovery from CFA-induced hypersensitivity in wild-type, but not TRPV1-deficient, mice. Furthermore, we showed that inflammation prolonged morphine-induced antinociception in a mouse model of opioid receptor desensitization, a process that depended on TRPV1. Together, our data reveal a TRPV1-mediated signaling pathway that serves as an endogenous pain-resolution mechanism by promoting the nuclear translocation of β-arrestin2 to minimize MOR desensitization. This previously uncharacterized mechanism may underlie the peripheral opioid control of inflammatory pain. Dysregulation of the TRPV1-β-arrestin2 axis may thus contribute to the transition from acute to chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Basso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Reem Aboushousha
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Churmy Yong Fan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Mircea Iftinca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Helvira Melo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Robyn Flynn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Francina Agosti
- Institute for Functional Genomics, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, University of Montpellier, LABEX ICST, Montpellier, France
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Roger Thompson
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Bourinet
- Institute for Functional Genomics, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, University of Montpellier, LABEX ICST, Montpellier, France
| | - Tuan Trang
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada.
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13
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Snyder LM, Chiang MC, Loeza-Alcocer E, Omori Y, Hachisuka J, Sheahan TD, Gale JR, Adelman PC, Sypek EI, Fulton SA, Friedman RL, Wright MC, Duque MG, Lee YS, Hu Z, Huang H, Cai X, Meerschaert KA, Nagarajan V, Hirai T, Scherrer G, Kaplan DH, Porreca F, Davis BM, Gold MS, Koerber HR, Ross SE. Kappa Opioid Receptor Distribution and Function in Primary Afferents. Neuron 2018; 99:1274-1288.e6. [PMID: 30236284 PMCID: PMC6300132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Primary afferents are known to be inhibited by kappa opioid receptor (KOR) signaling. However, the specific types of somatosensory neurons that express KOR remain unclear. Here, using a newly developed KOR-cre knockin allele, viral tracing, single-cell RT-PCR, and ex vivo recordings, we show that KOR is expressed in several populations of primary afferents: a subset of peptidergic sensory neurons, as well as low-threshold mechanoreceptors that form lanceolate or circumferential endings around hair follicles. We find that KOR acts centrally to inhibit excitatory neurotransmission from KOR-cre afferents in laminae I and III, and this effect is likely due to KOR-mediated inhibition of Ca2+ influx, which we observed in sensory neurons from both mouse and human. In the periphery, KOR signaling inhibits neurogenic inflammation and nociceptor sensitization by inflammatory mediators. Finally, peripherally restricted KOR agonists selectively reduce pain and itch behaviors, as well as mechanical hypersensitivity associated with a surgical incision. These experiments provide a rationale for the use of peripherally restricted KOR agonists for therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Snyder
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael C Chiang
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Emanuel Loeza-Alcocer
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yu Omori
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Junichi Hachisuka
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tayler D Sheahan
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jenna R Gale
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Peter C Adelman
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Sypek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephanie A Fulton
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert L Friedman
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Margaret C Wright
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Melissa Giraldo Duque
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yeon Sun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Zeyu Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Huizhen Huang
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Tsinghua University School of Medicine Beijing, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cai
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kimberly A Meerschaert
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Vidhya Nagarajan
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Toshiro Hirai
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Gregory Scherrer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation-Robertson Investigator, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Brian M Davis
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael S Gold
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - H Richard Koerber
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Sarah E Ross
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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G-Protein Coupled Receptors Targeted by Analgesic Venom Peptides. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9110372. [PMID: 29144441 PMCID: PMC5705987 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complex and debilitating condition associated with a large personal and socioeconomic burden. Current pharmacological approaches to treating chronic pain such as opioids, antidepressants and anticonvulsants exhibit limited efficacy in many patients and are associated with dose-limiting side effects that hinder their clinical use. Therefore, improved strategies for the pharmacological treatment of pathological pain are urgently needed. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are ubiquitously expressed on the surface of cells and act to transduce extracellular signals and regulate physiological processes. In the context of pain, numerous and diverse families of GPCRs expressed in pain pathways regulate most aspects of physiological and pathological pain and are thus implicated as potential targets for therapy of chronic pain. In the search for novel compounds that produce analgesia via GPCR modulation, animal venoms offer an enormous and virtually untapped source of potent and selective peptide molecules. While many venom peptides target voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels to inhibit neuronal excitability and blunt synaptic transmission of pain signals, only a small proportion are known to interact with GPCRs. Of these, only a few have shown analgesic potential in vivo. Here we review the current state of knowledge regarding venom peptides that target GPCRs to produce analgesia, and their development as therapeutic compounds.
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15
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Macedo EMA, Santos WC, Sousa BP, Lopes EM, Piauilino CA, Cunha FVM, Sousa DP, Oliveira FA, Almeida FRC. Association of terpinolene and diclofenac presents antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory synergistic effects in a model of chronic inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 49:S0100-879X2016000700602. [PMID: 27332775 PMCID: PMC4918787 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment of inflammatory pain is usually done by administration of
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These drugs present high efficacy,
although side effects are common, especially gastrointestinal lesions. One of the
pharmacological strategies to minimize such effects is the combination of drugs and
natural products with synergistic analgesic effect. The monoterpene terpinolene (TPL)
is a chemical constituent of essential oils present in many plant species, which have
pharmacological activities, such as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. The association
of ineffective doses of TPL and diclofenac (DCF) (3.125 and 1.25 mg/kg
po, respectively) presented antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory
effects in the acute (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h, after treatment) and chronic (10
days) inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) in the
right hind paw of female Wistar rats (170-230 g, n=6-8). The mechanical hyperalgesia
was assessed by the Randall Selitto paw pressure test, which determines the paw
withdrawal thresholds. The development of edema was quantified by measuring the
volume of the hind paw by plethismography. The TPL/DCF association reduced
neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes in the histological analysis of the paw,
following a standard staining protocol with hematoxylin and eosin and the counts were
performed with the aid of optical microscopy after chronic oral administration of
these drugs. Moreover, the TPL/DCF association did not induce macroscopic gastric
lesions. A possible mechanism of action of the analgesic effect is the involvement of
5-HT2A serotonin receptors, because ketanserin completely reversed the
antinociceptive effect of the TPL/DCF association. These results suggest that the
TPL/DCF association had a synergistic anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect without
causing apparent gastric injury, and that the serotonergic system may be involved in
the antinociceptive effect of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M A Macedo
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Teresina PI , Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - W C Santos
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Teresina PI , Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - B P Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Teresina PI , Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - E M Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Teresina PI , Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - C A Piauilino
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Teresina PI , Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - F V M Cunha
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Teresina PI , Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - D P Sousa
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, João Pessoa PB , Brasil, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - F A Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Teresina PI , Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - F R C Almeida
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Teresina PI , Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
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16
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Liu Y, Chen H, Lu J, Jiang Y, Yang R, Gao S, Dong X, Chen W. Urinary metabolomics of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced hyperalgesia in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28058725 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the differences of metabolomics changes in a hyperalgesia model and find potent biomarkers of hyperalgesia. Seven rats were placed in metabolic cages. An emulsion containing 500 μg of Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was used to induce hyperalgesia. Urine samples were collected prior to the injection of CFA and on post-injection days 1, 3 and 7. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography, coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS), was used for a quantitative analysis of urinary metabolic changes in the CFA-induced hyperalgesia model. Differences between the metabolic profiles of the rats in the four groups were analyzed using partial least squares discriminant analysis. Thirty-four potential urine metabolite biomarkers were identified, which changed in a trend similar to the pain threshold. These potential biomarkers were involved in 11 metabolic pathways, as follows: alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; ascorbate and aldarate metabolism; glycerolipid metabolism; glycerophospholipid metabolism; histidine metabolism; phenylalanine metabolism; sphingolipid metabolism; tryptophan metabolism; tyrosine metabolism; valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis; and vitamin B6 metabolism. These results may improve our understanding of hyperalgesia and provide a basis for the clinical diagnosis of hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Student Brigade, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Youshui Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Student Brigade, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Songyan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
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de Oliveira Junior JO, de Freitas MF, Bullara de Andrade C, Chacur M, Ashmawi HA. Local analgesic effect of tramadol is mediated by opioid receptors in late postoperative pain after plantar incision in rats. J Pain Res 2016; 9:797-802. [PMID: 27799813 PMCID: PMC5074711 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s117674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tramadol is a drug used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is known to present a peripheral effect, but the local mechanisms underlying its actions remain unclear. The role of peripheral opioid receptors in postoperative pain is not well understood. In the present study, we examined the peripheral opioid receptors to determine the local effect of tramadol in a plantar incision pain model. Rats were subjected to plantar incision and divided into four groups on postoperative day (POD) 1: SF_SF, 0.9% NaCl injected into the right hindpaw; SF_TraI, 0.9% NaCl and tramadol injected into the right hindpaw; SF_TraC, 0.9% NaCl and tramadol injected into the contralateral hindpaw; and Nal_Tra, naloxone and tramadol injected into the ipsilateral hindpaw. To determine the animals' nociceptive threshold, mechanical hyperalgesia was measured before incision, on POD1 before treatment and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after the incision. The same procedure was repeated on the POD2. The expression levels of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and δ-opioid receptor (DOR) were obtained through immunoblotting assays in the lumbar dorsal root ganglia (L3-L6) in naïve rats and 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after the incision. Our results showed that the plantar incision was able to cause an increase in mechanical hyperalgesia and that tramadol reversed this hyperalgesia on POD1 and POD2. Tramadol injections in the contralateral paw did not affect the animals' nociceptive threshold. Naloxone was able to antagonize the tramadol effect partially on POD1 and completely on POD2. The DOR expression increased on POD2, POD3, and POD7, whereas the MOR expression did not change. Together, our results show that tramadol promoted a local analgesic effect in the postoperative pain model that was antagonized by naloxone in POD2, alongside the increase of DOR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marucia Chacur
- Departamento de Anatomia do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Hazem Adel Ashmawi
- Laboratório de Anestesiologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
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18
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Zhang L, Shu R, Zhao Q, Li Y, Yu Y, Wang G. Preoperative butorphanol and flurbiprofen axetil therapy attenuates remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia after laparoscopic gynaecological surgery: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Br J Anaesth 2016; 117:504-511. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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19
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The contribution of activated peripheral kappa opioid receptors (kORs) in the inflamed knee joint to anti-nociception. Brain Res 2016; 1648:11-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Auh QS, Chun YH, Melemedjian OK, Zhang Y, Ro JY. Peripheral interactions between cannabinoid and opioid receptor agonists in a model of inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia. Brain Res Bull 2016; 125:211-7. [PMID: 27450703 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Activation of opioid and cannabinoid receptors expressed in nociceptors induces effective antihyperalgesia. In this study, we examined whether combinations of opioid and cannabinoid receptor agonists directed at the injured site would enhance therapeutic effectiveness. Behavioral pharmacology experiments were performed to compare the effects of DAMGO, a selective agonist for μ-opioid receptor (MOR), ACPA, a specific agonist for CB1, and combinations of DAMGO and ACPA in attenuating complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat hindpaw. DAMGO (1μg-1mg) or ACPA (1μg-2mg) was administered into the inflamed paw when mechanical hyperalgesia was fully developed. When administered individually, DAMGO and ACPA dose-dependently reversed the mechanical hyperalgesia. DAMGO displayed a lower ED50 value (57.4±2.49μg) than ACPA (111.6±2.18μg), but ACPA produced longer lasting antihyperalgesic effects. Combinations of DAMGO and ACPA also dose-dependently attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia, but the antihyperalgesic effects were partial and transient even at high doses. Using isobolographic analysis, we determined that combined treatment with DAMGO and ACPA produced antagonistic effects with the observed ED50 of 128.4±2.28μg. Our findings showed that MOR and CB1 agonists directed at the inflamed site effectively attenuate mechanical hyperalgesia when administered individually, but exert opposing effects when administered together. The antagonistic interactions between the two classes of drugs at the inflamed site suggest distinct mechanisms unique to peripheral nociceptors or inflamed tissue, and therefore require further studies to investigate whether the therapeutic utility of the combined drug treatments in chronic pain conditions can be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q-Schick Auh
- Kyung Hee University, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, 1 Hoegi Dong, Dongdaemun Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hyun Chun
- Kyung Hee University, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, 1 Hoegi Dong, Dongdaemun Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ohannes K Melemedjian
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, 650 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Youping Zhang
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, 650 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jin Y Ro
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, 650 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Kyung Hee University, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, 1 Hoegi Dong, Dongdaemun Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Albert-Vartanian A, Boyd MR, Hall AL, Morgado SJ, Nguyen E, Nguyen VPH, Patel SP, Russo LJ, Shao AJ, Raffa RB. Will peripherally restricted kappa-opioid receptor agonists (pKORAs) relieve pain with less opioid adverse effects and abuse potential? J Clin Pharm Ther 2016; 41:371-82. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. R. Boyd
- School of Pharmacy; Temple University; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - A. L. Hall
- School of Pharmacy; Temple University; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - S. J. Morgado
- School of Pharmacy; Temple University; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - E. Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy; Temple University; Philadelphia PA USA
| | | | - S. P. Patel
- School of Pharmacy; Temple University; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - L. J. Russo
- School of Pharmacy; Temple University; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - A. J. Shao
- School of Pharmacy; Temple University; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - R. B. Raffa
- School of Pharmacy; Temple University; Philadelphia PA USA
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22
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Sustained Suppression of Hyperalgesia during Latent Sensitization by μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors and α2A Adrenergic Receptors: Role of Constitutive Activity. J Neurosci 2016; 36:204-21. [PMID: 26740662 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1751-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Many chronic pain disorders alternate between bouts of pain and periods of remission. The latent sensitization model reproduces this in rodents by showing that the apparent recovery ("remission") from inflammatory or neuropathic pain can be reversed by opioid antagonists. Therefore, this remission represents an opioid receptor-mediated suppression of a sustained hyperalgesic state. To identify the receptors involved, we induced latent sensitization in mice and rats by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in the hindpaw. In WT mice, responses to mechanical stimulation returned to baseline 3 weeks after CFA. In μ-opioid receptor (MOR) knock-out (KO) mice, responses did not return to baseline but partially recovered from peak hyperalgesia. Antagonists of α2A-adrenergic and δ-opioid receptors reinstated hyperalgesia in WT mice and abolished the partial recovery from hyperalgesia in MOR KO mice. In rats, antagonists of α2A adrenergic and μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors reinstated hyperalgesia during remission from CFA-induced hyperalgesia. Therefore, these four receptors suppress hyperalgesia in latent sensitization. We further demonstrated that suppression of hyperalgesia by MORs was due to their constitutive activity because of the following: (1) CFA-induced hyperalgesia was reinstated by the MOR inverse agonist naltrexone (NTX), but not by its neutral antagonist 6β-naltrexol; (2) pro-enkephalin, pro-opiomelanocortin, and pro-dynorphin KO mice showed recovery from hyperalgesia and reinstatement by NTX; (3) there was no MOR internalization during remission; (4) MORs immunoprecipitated from the spinal cord during remission had increased Ser(375) phosphorylation; and (5) electrophysiology recordings from dorsal root ganglion neurons collected during remission showed constitutive MOR inhibition of calcium channels. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Chronic pain causes extreme suffering to millions of people, but its mechanisms remain to be unraveled. Latent sensitization is a phenomenon studied in rodents that has many key features of chronic pain: it is initiated by a variety of noxious stimuli, has indefinite duration, and pain appears in episodes that can be triggered by stress. Here, we show that, during latent sensitization, there is a sustained state of pain hypersensitivity that is continuously suppressed by the activation of μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors and by adrenergic α2A receptors in the spinal cord. Furthermore, we show that the activation of μ-opioid receptors is not due to the release of endogenous opioids, but rather to its ligand-independent constitutive activity.
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23
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Brust A, Croker DE, Colless B, Ragnarsson L, Andersson Å, Jain K, Garcia-Caraballo S, Castro J, Brierley SM, Alewood PF, Lewis RJ. Conopeptide-Derived κ-Opioid Agonists (Conorphins): Potent, Selective, and Metabolic Stable Dynorphin A Mimetics with Antinociceptive Properties. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2381-95. [PMID: 26859603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptor screening of a conopeptide library led to a novel selective κ-opioid agonist peptide (conorphin T). Intensive medicinal chemistry, guided by potency, selectivity, and stability assays generated a pharmacophore model supporting rational design of highly potent and selective κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonists (conorphins) with exceptional plasma stability. Conorphins are defined by a hydrophobic benzoprolyl moiety, a double arginine sequence, a spacer amino acid followed by a hydrophobic residue and a C-terminal vicinal disulfide moiety. The pharmacophore model was supported by computational docking studies, revealing receptor-ligand interactions similar to KOR agonist dynorphin A (1-8). A conorphin agonist inhibited colonic nociceptors in a mouse tissue model of chronic visceral hypersensitivity, suggesting the potential of KOR agonists for the treatment of chronic abdominal pain. This new conorphine KOR agonist class and pharmacophore model provide opportunities for future rational drug development and probes for exploring the role of the κ-opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brust
- Xenome Limited , Brisbane, Queensland 4068, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel E Croker
- Xenome Limited , Brisbane, Queensland 4068, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Barbara Colless
- Xenome Limited , Brisbane, Queensland 4068, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Lotten Ragnarsson
- Xenome Limited , Brisbane, Queensland 4068, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Åsa Andersson
- Xenome Limited , Brisbane, Queensland 4068, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Kapil Jain
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Sonia Garcia-Caraballo
- Visceral Pain Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SAHMRI , Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Joel Castro
- Visceral Pain Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SAHMRI , Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Stuart M Brierley
- Visceral Pain Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SAHMRI , Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Paul F Alewood
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Xenome Limited , Brisbane, Queensland 4068, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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24
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Deuis JR, Whately E, Brust A, Inserra MC, Asvadi NH, Lewis RJ, Alewood PF, Cabot PJ, Vetter I. Activation of κ Opioid Receptors in Cutaneous Nerve Endings by Conorphin-1, a Novel Subtype-Selective Conopeptide, Does Not Mediate Peripheral Analgesia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26225903 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective activation of peripheral κ opioid receptors (KORs) may overcome the dose-limiting adverse effects of conventional opioid analgesics. We recently developed a vicinal disulfide-stabilized class of peptides with subnanomolar potency at the KOR. The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic effects of one of these peptides, named conorphin-1, in comparison with the prototypical KOR-selective small molecule agonist U-50488, in several rodent pain models. Surprisingly, neither conorphin-1 nor U-50488 were analgesic when delivered peripherally by intraplantar injection at local concentrations expected to fully activate the KOR at cutaneous nerve endings. While U-50488 was analgesic when delivered at high local concentrations, this effect could not be reversed by coadministration with the selective KOR antagonist ML190 or the nonselective opioid antagonist naloxone. Instead, U-50488 likely mediated its peripheral analgesic effect through nonselective inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels, including peripheral sensory neuron isoforms NaV1.8 and NaV1.7. Our study suggests that targeting the KOR in peripheral sensory nerve endings innervating the skin is not an alternative analgesic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Deuis
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ella Whately
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | | | - Marco C. Inserra
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Naghmeh H. Asvadi
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | | | | | - Peter J. Cabot
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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25
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Sousa AM, Ashmawi HA. Local analgesic effect of tramadol is not mediated by opioid receptors in early postoperative pain in rats. Braz J Anesthesiol 2015; 65:186-90. [PMID: 25925030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tramadol is known as a central acting analgesic drug, used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Local analgesic effect has been demonstrated, in part due to local anesthetic-like effect, but other mechanisms remain unclear. The role of peripheral opioid receptors in the local analgesic effect is not known. In this study, we examined role of peripheral opioid receptors in the local analgesic effect of tramadol in the plantar incision model. METHODS Young male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups: control, intraplantar tramadol, intravenous tramadol, intravenous naloxone-intraplantar tramadol, intraplantar naloxone-intraplantar tramadol, intravenous naloxone-intravenous tramadol, and intravenous naloxone. After receiving the assigned drugs (tramadol 5mg, naloxone 200 μg or 0.9% NaCl), rats were submitted to plantar incision, and withdrawal thresholds after mechanical stimuli with von Frey filaments were assessed at baseline, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after incision. RESULTS Plantar incision led to marked mechanical hyperalgesia during the whole period of observation in the control group, no mechanical hyperalgesia were observed in intraplantar tramadol group, intraplantar naloxone-intraplantar tramadol group and intravenous naloxone-intraplantar tramadol. In the intravenous tramadol group a late increase in withdrawal thresholds (after 45 min) was observed, the intravenous naloxone-intravenous tramadol group and intravenous naloxone remained hyperalgesic during the whole period. CONCLUSIONS Tramadol presented an early local analgesic effect decreasing mechanical hyperalgesia induced by plantar incision. This analgesic effect was not mediated by peripheral opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Sousa
- Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM-08, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hazem Adel Ashmawi
- Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM-08, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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26
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Sousa AM, Ashmawi HA. [Local analgesic effect of tramadol is not mediated by opioid receptors in early postoperative pain in rats]. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2015; 65:186-90. [PMID: 25842002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjan.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tramadol is known as a central acting analgesic drug, used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Local analgesic effect has been demonstrated, in part due to local anesthetic-like effect, but other mechanisms remain unclear. The role of peripheral opioid receptors in the local analgesic effect is not known. In this study, we examined role of peripheral opioid receptors in the local analgesic effect of tramadol in the plantar incision model. METHODS Young male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups: control, intraplantar tramadol, intravenous tramadol, intravenous naloxone-intraplantar tramadol, intraplantar naloxone-intraplantar tramadol, intravenous naloxone-intravenous tramadol, and intravenous naloxone. After receiving the assigned drugs (tramadol 5mg, naloxone 200μg or 0.9% NaCl), rats were submitted to plantar incision, and withdrawal thresholds after mechanical stimuli with von Frey filaments were assessed at baseline, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60min after incision. RESULTS Plantar incision led to marked mechanical hyperalgesia during the whole period of observation in the control group, no mechanical hyperalgesia were observed in intraplantar tramadol group, intraplantar naloxone-intraplantar tramadol group and intravenous naloxone-intraplantar tramadol. In the intravenous tramadol group a late increase in withdrawal thresholds (after 45min) was observed, the intravenous naloxone-intravenous tramadol group and intravenous naloxone remained hyperalgesic during the whole period. CONCLUSIONS Tramadol presented an early local analgesic effect decreasing mechanical hyperalgesia induced by plantar incision. This analgesic effect was not mediated by peripheral opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Sousa
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-08), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Hazem Adel Ashmawi
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-08), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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27
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Bai X, Zhang X, Li Y, Lu L, Li B, He X. Sex differences in peripheral mu-opioid receptor mediated analgesia in rat orofacial persistent pain model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122924. [PMID: 25807259 PMCID: PMC4373836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Unilateral ligation of the tendon of anterior superficial part of rat masseter muscle (TASM) leads to long-lasting allodynia. Sex differences in peripheral mu-opioid receptor (MOR)-mediated analgesia under persistent myogenic pain are not well understood. In this study, we examined (1) whether locally applied MOR agonists attenuate persistent pain following TASM ligation in a sex dependent manner, (2) whether there are sex differences of MOR expression changes in rat trigeminal ganglia (TG). The effects of MOR agonist, D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-Enkephalin acetate salt (DAMGO), were assessed 14 days after TASM ligation in male, female and orchidectomized (GDX) male rats. MOR mRNA and protein levels in TG 14 days following tendon ligation were also determined. The mechanical thresholds of the injured side were significantly decreased in both male and female rats, from 3 days to 28 days after TASM ligation. A10 μg DAMGO significantly attenuated allodynia in male rats. A 10-fold higher dose of DAMGO was required in female and GDX male rats to produce the level of anti- allodynia achieved in male rats. The level of MOR mRNA in TG from male rats was significantly greater 14 days after TASM ligation compared with the sham-operated male rats, but not from female and GDX male rats. After TASM ligation, males had significantly more MOR immunoreactivity in TG compared to sham-operated males. The MOR levels increased to 181.8% of the sham level in male rats receiving tendon injury. But there was no significant change in female rats receiving tendon injury compared to the sham female rats. Taken together, our data suggest that there were sex differences in the effects of peripheral MOR agonists between male and female rats under TASM ligation developing long-lasting pain condition, which is partly mediated by sex differences in the changes of MOR expressions and testosterone is an important factor in the regulation of MOR.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-/pharmacology
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-/therapeutic use
- Facial Pain/drug therapy
- Facial Pain/etiology
- Facial Pain/veterinary
- Female
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
- Hyperalgesia/etiology
- Hyperalgesia/pathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Orchiectomy
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Sex Characteristics
- Tendon Injuries/complications
- Tendon Injuries/pathology
- Trigeminal Ganglion/metabolism
- Trigeminal Ganglion/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Bai
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, 117 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, P. R. of China, 110002
- * E-mail: (XZ); (XB)
| | - Xia Zhang
- Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, 117 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, P. R. of China, 110002
- * E-mail: (XZ); (XB)
| | - Yanshu Li
- Assistant Professor, Department of Cell Biology, China Medical University, 92 Bei'er Road, Shenyang, P. R. of China, 110001
| | - Li Lu
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, 117 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, P. R. of China, 110002
| | - Bo Li
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, 117 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, P. R. of China, 110002
| | - Xiaofan He
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, 117 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, P. R. of China, 110002
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28
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Copp SW, Stone AJ, Yamauchi K, Kaufman MP. Effects of peripheral and spinal κ-opioid receptor stimulation on the exercise pressor reflex in decerebrate rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R281-9. [PMID: 24920732 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00156.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The exercise pressor reflex is greater in rats with ligated femoral arteries than it is in rats with freely perfused femoral arteries. The exaggerated reflex in rats with ligated arteries is attenuated by stimulation of μ-opioid and δ-opioid receptors on the peripheral endings of thin-fiber muscle afferents. The effect of stimulation of κ-opioid receptors on the exercise pressor reflex is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that stimulation of κ-opioid receptors attenuates the exercise pressor reflex in rats with ligated, but not freely perfused, femoral arteries. The pressor responses to static contraction were compared before and after femoral arterial or intrathecal injection of the κ-opioid receptor agonist U62066 (1, 10, and 100 μg). Femoral arterial injection of U62066 did not attenuate the pressor responses to contraction in either group of rats. Likewise, intrathecal injection of U62066 did not attenuate the pressor response to contraction in rats with freely perfused femoral arteries. In contrast, intrathecal injection of 10 and 100 μg of U62066 attenuated the pressor response to contraction in rats with ligated femoral arteries, an effect that was blocked by prior intrathecal injection of the κ-opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine. In rats with ligated femoral arteries, the pressor response to stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors by sodium cyanide was not changed by intrathecal U62066 injections, indicating that these injections had no direct effect on the sympathetic outflow. We conclude that stimulation of spinal, but not peripheral, κ-opioid receptors attenuates the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in rats with ligated femoral arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Copp
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Audrey J Stone
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Katsuya Yamauchi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Marc P Kaufman
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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29
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Asgar J, Niu KY, Lee J, Lee KS, Schneider M, Ro JY. Sex differences in μ-opioid receptor expression in trigeminal ganglia under a myositis condition in rats. Eur J Pain 2014; 18:151-61. [PMID: 23801566 PMCID: PMC3916151 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral opioid receptor expression is up-regulated under inflammatory conditions, which leads to the increased efficacy of peripherally administered opioids. Sex differences in the effects of inflammation, cytokines and gonadal hormones on μ-opioid receptor (MOR) expression in trigeminal ganglia (TG) are not well understood. METHODS MOR mRNA and protein levels in TG from male and female Sprague Dawley rats following complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced muscle inflammation were assessed. Cytokine-induced changes in MOR mRNA expression from TG cultures prepared from intact and gonadectomized male and female, and gonadectomized male rats with testosterone replacement were examined. Behavioural experiments were then performed to examine the efficacy of a peripherally administered MOR agonist in male, female and gonadectomized male rats under a myositis condition. RESULTS CFA and cytokine treatments induced significant up-regulation of MOR expression in TG from male, but not from female, rats. The cytokine-induced up-regulation of MOR mRNA expression was prevented in TG from orchidectomized (GDX) male rats, which was restored with testosterone replacement. Peripherally administered DAMGO, a specific MOR agonist, significantly attenuated CFA-induced masseter mechanical hypersensitivity only in intact male rats. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data indicate that testosterone plays a key role in the regulation of MOR in TG under inflammatory conditions, and that sex differences in the anti-hyperalgesic effects of peripherally administered opioids are, in part, mediated by peripheral opioid receptor expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- China Medical University, Hospital of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, 650 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - J Asgar
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, 650 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - KY Niu
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, 650 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - J Lee
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, 650 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - KS Lee
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, 650 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - M Schneider
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, 650 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - JY Ro
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, 650 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201
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30
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2012 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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31
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Chung MK, Cho YS, Bae YC, Lee J, Zhang X, Ro JY. Peripheral G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels are involved in δ-opioid receptor-mediated anti-hyperalgesia in rat masseter muscle. Eur J Pain 2013; 18:29-38. [PMID: 23740773 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the efficacy of peripherally administered opioid has been demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies, the underlying mechanisms of its anti-hyperalgesic effects are poorly understood. G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are linked to opioid receptors in the brain. However, the role of peripheral GIRK channels in analgesia induced by peripherally administered opioid, especially in trigeminal system, is not clear. METHODS Expression of GIRK subunits in rat trigeminal ganglia (TG) was examined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Chemical profiles of GIRK-expressing neurons in TG were further characterized. Behavioural and Fos experiments were performed to examine the functional involvement of GIRK channels in δ-opioid receptor (DOR)-mediated anti-hyperalgesia under an acute myositis condition. RESULTS TG expressed mRNA and proteins for GIRK1 and GIRK2 subunits. Majority of GIRK1- and GIRK2-expressing neurons were non-peptidergic afferents. Inhibition of peripheral GIRK using Tertiapin-Q (TPQ) attenuated antinociceptive effects of peripherally administered DOR agonist, [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(6) ]-enkephalin (DPDPE), on mechanical hypersensitivity in masseter muscle. Furthermore, TPQ attenuated the suppressive effects of peripheral DPDPE on neuronal activation in the subnucleus caudalis of the trigeminal nucleus (Vc) following masseteric injection of capsaicin. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that peripheral DOR agonist-induced suppression of mechanical hypersensitivity in the masseter muscle involves the activity of peripheral GIRK channels. These results could provide a rationale for developing a novel therapeutic approach using peripheral GIRK channel openers to mimic or supplement the effects of peripheral opioid agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-K Chung
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, USA
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