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Di Raddo ME, Milenkovic M, Sivasubramanian M, Hasbi A, Bergman J, Withey S, Madras BK, George SR. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol does not upregulate an aversive dopamine receptor mechanism in adolescent brain unlike in adults. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 5:100107. [PMID: 38020805 PMCID: PMC10663137 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier age of cannabis usage poses higher risk of Cannabis Use Disorder and adverse consequences, such as addiction, anxiety, dysphoria, psychosis, largely attributed to its principal psychoactive component, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and altered dopaminergic function. As dopamine D1-D2 receptor heteromer activation causes anxiety and anhedonia, this signaling complex was postulated to contribute to THC-induced affective symptoms. To investigate this, we administered THC repeatedly to adolescent monkeys and adolescent or adult rats. Drug-naïve adolescent rat had lower striatal densities of D1-D2 heteromer compared to adult rat. Repeated administration of THC to adolescent rat or adolescent monkey did not alter D1-D2 heteromer expression in nucleus accumbens or dorsal striatum but upregulated it in adult rat. Behaviourally, THC-treated adult, but not adolescent rat manifested anxiety and anhedonia-like behaviour, with elevated composite negative emotionality scores that correlated with striatal D1-D2 density. THC modified downstream markers of D1-D2 activation in adult, but not adolescent striatum. THC administered with cannabidiol did not alter D1-D2 expression. In adult rat, co-administration of CB1 receptor (CB1R) inverse agonist with THC attenuated D1-D2 upregulation, implicating cannabinoids in the regulation of striatal D1-D2 heteromer expression. THC exposure revealed an adaptable age-specific, anxiogenic, anti-reward mechanism operant in adult striatum but deficient in adolescent rat and monkey striatum that may confer increased sensitivity to THC reward in adolescence while limiting its negative effects, thus promoting continued use and increasing vulnerability to long-term adverse cannabis effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Di Raddo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Marija Milenkovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8
| | | | - Ahmed Hasbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Jack Bergman
- McLean Hospital, Belmont MA & Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02478, United States
| | - Sarah Withey
- McLean Hospital, Belmont MA & Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02478, United States
| | - Bertha K. Madras
- McLean Hospital, Belmont MA & Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02478, United States
| | - Susan R. George
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8
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Amaral IM, Scheffauer L, Hofer A, El Rawas R. Protein kinases in natural versus drug reward. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 221:173472. [PMID: 36244528 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural and drug rewards act on the same neural pathway, the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. In brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area, drugs of abuse-induced stimulation of signaling pathways can lead to synaptic reshaping within this system. This is believed to be underlying the maladaptive alterations in behaviors associated with addiction. In this review, we discuss animal studies disclosing the implication of several protein kinases, namely protein kinase A (PKA), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), p38 MAPK, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), in reward-related brain regions in drug and natural reward. Furthermore, we refer to studies that helped pave the way toward a better understanding of the neurobiology underlying non-drug and drug reward through genetic deletion or brain region-specific pharmacological inhibition of these kinases. Whereas the role of kinases in drug reward has been extensively studied, their implication in natural reward, such as positive social interaction, is less investigated. Discovering molecular candidates, recruited specifically by drug versus natural rewards, can promote the identification of novel targets for the pharmacological treatment of addiction with less off-target effects and being effective when used combined with behavioral-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Amaral
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Laura Scheffauer
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Alex Hofer
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Rana El Rawas
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria.
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3
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A Novel CaMKII Inhibitory Peptide Blocks Relapse to Morphine Seeking by Influencing Synaptic Plasticity in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12080985. [PMID: 35892425 PMCID: PMC9394410 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12080985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs of abuse cause enduring functional disorders in the brain reward circuits, leading to cravings and compulsive behavior. Although people may rehabilitate by detoxification, there is a high risk of relapse. Therefore, it is crucial to illuminate the mechanisms of relapse and explore the therapeutic strategies for prevention. In this research, by using an animal model of morphine self-administration in rats and a whole-cell patch–clamp in brain slices, we found changes in synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell were involved in the relapse to morphine-seeking behavior. Compared to the controls, the amplitude of long-term depression (LTD) induced in the medium spiny neurons increased after morphine self-administration was established, recovered after the behavior was extinguished, and increased again during the relapse induced by morphine priming. Intravenous injection of MA, a new peptide obtained by modifying Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor “myr-AIP”, decreased CaMKII activity in the NAc shell and blocked the reinstatement of morphine-seeking behavior without influence on the locomotor activity. Moreover, LTD was absent in the NAc shell of the MA-pretreated rats, whereas it was robust in the saline controls in which morphine-seeking behavior was reinstated. These results indicate that CaMKII regulates morphine-seeking behavior through its involvement in the change of synaptic plasticity in the NAc shell during the relapse, and MA may be of great value in the clinical treatment of relapse to opioid seeking.
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Amaral IM, Scheffauer L, Langeder AB, Hofer A, El Rawas R. Rewarding Social Interaction in Rats Increases CaMKII in the Nucleus Accumbens. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1886. [PMID: 34944702 PMCID: PMC8698734 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is known to be involved in the sensitized locomotor responses and drug-seeking behavior to psychostimulants. However, little is known about the contribution of CaMKII signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in natural rewards such as social interaction. The present experiments explored the implication of CaMKII signaling in drug versus natural reward. In the NAc of rats expressing cocaine or social interaction conditioned place preference (CPP), αCaMKII activation was induced in those expressing social interaction but not cocaine CPP. In order to investigate the role of NAc CaMKII in the expression of reward-related learning of drug versus non-drug stimuli, we inhibited CaMKII through an infusion of KN-93, a CaMKII inhibitor, directly into the NAc shell or core, before the CPP test in a concurrent paradigm in which social interaction was made available in the compartment alternative to the one associated with cocaine during conditioning. Whereas vehicle infusions led to equal preference to both stimuli, inhibition of CaMKII by a KN-93 infusion before the CPP test in the shell but not the core of the NAc shifted the rats' preference toward the cocaine-associated compartment. Altogether, these results suggest that social interaction reward engages CaMKII in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rana El Rawas
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.M.A.); (L.S.); (A.B.L.); (A.H.)
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Frankowska M, Surówka P, Suder A, Pieniążek R, Pukło R, Jastrzębska J, Daniel WA, Filip M, Zadrożny-Bujalska M, Kleczkowska P. Treatment with dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitors prevents morphine use and relapse-like behavior in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1694-1711. [PMID: 34236605 PMCID: PMC8599263 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Opioid use disorders are serious contributors to the harms associated with the drug use. Unfortunately, therapeutic interventions for opioid addicts after detoxification have been limited and not sufficiently effective. Recently, several studies have led to promising results with disulfiram (DSF), a dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitor, showing that it is a potent agent against not only alcohol but also addiction to various drugs. Materials and methods This study was designed to examine whether DSF and nepicastat (NEP; another DBH inhibitor) modify morphine intake and reinstatement of seeking-behavior using the rat model of intravenous morphine self-administration. Additionally, we intended to estimate the effects of both inhibitors on the locomotor activity as well as on extracellular dopamine and its metabolite levels in the nucleus accumbens using microdialysis in naive rats. Results We demonstrated that both DBH inhibitors reduced responding to morphine self-administration. Moreover, DSF and NEP administered acutely before reinstatement test sessions consistently attenuated the reinforcing effects of morphine and a morphine-associated conditioned cue. The observed effects for lower doses (6.25–25 mg/kg; ip) of both DBH inhibitors seem to be independent of locomotor activity reduction and dopamine level in the nucleus accumbens. Neither DSF nor NEP administered daily during morphine abstinence with extinction training sessions had any effect on active lever-responding and changed the reinstatement induced by morphine priming doses. Reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior induced by a conditioned cue previously associated with morphine delivery was attenuated following repeated administration of DSF or NEP during the abstinence period. Conclusion These results seem to point to the significance of DBH inhibition as a potential pharmacotherapy against morphine use disorders. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Frankowska
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paulina Surówka
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Suder
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Pieniążek
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Pukło
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Jastrzębska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysława A Daniel
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zadrożny-Bujalska
- Department of Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kleczkowska
- Department of Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, ul. Kozielska 4, 01-163, Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Jiang F, Zheng W, Wu C, Li Y, Shen F, Liang J, Li M, Zhang J, Sui N. Double dissociation of inhibitory effects between the hippocampal TET1 and TET3 in the acquisition of morphine self-administration in rats. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12875. [PMID: 32031744 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of opioid addiction involves DNA methylation. Accordingly, the DNA demethylation, induced by ten-eleven translocation (Tet) enzymes, may represent a novel approach to prevent opioid addiction. The present study examined the role of TET1 and TET3 in the development of morphine-seeking behavior in rats. We showed that 1 day of morphine self-administration (SA) training upregulated TET3 but not TET1 expression in the hippocampal CA1. With 7 days of morphine SA training, the expression of TET3 in the CA1 returned to the baseline level, while the TET1 expression was downregulated. No change of TET1 and TET3 in the nucleus accumbens shell was observed in morphine SA trained rats, or in the yoked morphine rats, or in rats trained for saccharin SA. Furthermore, we found that knocking down TET3 expression in the CA1 accelerated the acquisition of morphine SA, while overexpression of the catalytic domain of TET1 in the CA1 attenuated the acquisition. Together, these findings suggest that TET1 and TET3 in the CA1 are important epigenetic modulators involved in the morphine-seeking behavior and provide a new strategy in the treatment of opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng‐Ze Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yonghui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Psychology University of Nebraska—Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Jian‐Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Nan Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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7
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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: Re-wiring the alcoholic human brain. Alcohol 2019; 74:113-124. [PMID: 30420113 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In spite of significant advances in understanding the neural underpinnings of AUDs, therapeutic options remain limited. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as an innovative, safe, and cost-effective treatment for AUDs. Here, we summarize the fundamental principles of rTMS and its putative mechanisms of action via neurocircuitries related to alcohol addiction. We will also discuss advantages and limitations of rTMS, and argue that Hebbian plasticity and connectivity changes, as well as state-dependency, play a role in shaping some of the long-term effects of rTMS. Visual imaging studies will be linked to recent clinical pilot studies describing the effect of rTMS on alcohol craving and intake, pinpointing new advances, and highlighting conceptual gaps to be filled by future controlled studies.
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8
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Guo N, Zhang X, Huang M, Li X, Li Y, Zhou X, Bai J. Geranylgeranylacetone blocks the reinstatement of morphine-conditioned place preference. Neuropharmacology 2018; 143:63-70. [PMID: 30240785 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Morphine is widely used for clinical pain management and induces the dependence. Addiction to morphine is a major public health issue. Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) is widely used in clinic for treating ulcer. GGA induces expression of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) extensively. Trx-1 is a redox regulating protein and plays protecting roles in nervous system. GGA prevents mice against morphine-induced hyperlocomotion, rewarding effect, and withdrawal syndrome. However, whether GGA blocks morphine-conditioned place preference (CPP) reinstatement is still unknown. In the present study, we found that GGA administration blocked the reinstatement of morphine-CPP. The expressions of Trx-1, N-methyl d-aspartate receptor 2B subunit (NR2B), phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII), phosphorylated extracellular signaling regulated kinases (p-ERK), and phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB) were induced in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus by morphine or GGA, whereas these proteins were not changed by morphine in GGA-treated mice. Our results indicate that GGA may prevent the reinstatement of morphine-CPP through strengthening the expression of Trx-1 and regulating NR2B/ERK pathway. Thus, we suggest that GGA may be a promising therapeutic candidate for morphine-induced relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xianwen Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mengbing Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ye Li
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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9
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Liu X, Tian L, Cui R, Ruan H, Li X. Muscarinic receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell play different roles in context-induced or morphine-challenged expression of behavioral sensitization in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 819:51-57. [PMID: 29196177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Both drug-related cues and drug priming are the main factors that induce relapse of drug addiction. Previous research has reported that blockade of the muscarinic receptors could significantly depress addictive behavior, suggesting that the muscarinic receptors might be involved in drug use and relapse behavior. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), especially the shell of the NAc, where the muscarinic receptors are expressed, is critical for craving and relapse. This study investigated the effects of microinfusion of the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine into the NAc shell on context- and morphine-induced expression of behavioral sensitization. Behavioral sensitization was established by exposure to 5mg/kg morphine once daily for five consecutive days. Expression of behavioral sensitization was induced by saline challenge or 5mg/kg morphine challenge. The results showed that: (a) the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine (10.8μg/rat) microinjected into the NAc shell blocked expression of conditional sensitization; (b) acetylcholinesterase inhibitor huperzine-A (0.5 and 0.1μg/rat), but not scopolamine (10.8μg/rat), microinjected into the NAc shell blocked morphine-induced expression of sensitization; and (c) pre-infusion of scopolamine (10.8μg/rat) reversed the inhibitory effect of huperzine-A (0.5μg/rat) on morphine-induced sensitization. Our findings suggest that muscarinic receptors in the NAc shell play different roles in context-induced and morphine-challenged expression of behavioral sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lin Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruisi Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Heng Ruan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinwang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China.
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10
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Salling MC, Hodge CJ, Psilos KE, Eastman VR, Faccidomo SP, Hodge CW. Cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior is associated with increased CaMKII T286 phosphorylation in the reward pathway of mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 163:20-29. [PMID: 29100991 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking is a hallmark behavioral pathology of addiction. Evidence suggests that reinstatement (e.g., relapse), may be regulated by cell signaling systems that underlie neuroplasticity. A variety of plasticity events require activation of calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in components of the reward pathway, such as the nucleus accumbens and amygdala. We sought to determine if cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior is associated with changes in the activation state (e.g., phosphorylation) of CaMKII-T286. Male C57BL/6J mice (n=14) were trained to lever press on a fixed-ratio-4 schedule of sweetened alcohol (2% sucrose+9% EtOH) reinforcement. After 14-d of extinction (no cues or reinforcers), mice underwent a response-contingent reinstatement (n=7) vs. an additional day of extinction (n=7). Brains were removed immediately after the test and processed for evaluation of pCaMKII-T286 immunoreactivity (IR). Number of pCaMKII-T286 positive cells/mm2 was quantified from coronal brain sections using Bioquant Image Analysis software. Mice emitted significantly more responses on the alcohol vs. the inactive lever throughout the baseline phase with average alcohol intake of 1.1±0.03g/kg/1-h. During extinction, responses on the alcohol lever decreased to inactive lever levels by day 7. Significant cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking was observed during a single test with no effects on the inactive lever. Reinstatement was associated with increased pCaMKII-T286 IR specifically in amygdala (LA and BLA), nucleus accumbens (AcbSh), lateral septum, mediodorsal thalamus, and piriform cortex as compared to extinction control. Brain regions showing no change included the dorsal striatum, medial septum, cingulate cortex, habenula, paraventricular thalamus, and ventral hypothalamus. These results show response contingent cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior is associated with selective increases in pCaMKII-T286 in specific reward- and memory-related brain regions of male C57BL/6J mice. Primary molecular mechanisms of associative learning and memory may regulate relapse in alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Salling
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Thurston-Bowles Building; CB #7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Christopher J Hodge
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Thurston-Bowles Building; CB #7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Kelly E Psilos
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Thurston-Bowles Building; CB #7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Vallari R Eastman
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Thurston-Bowles Building; CB #7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Sara P Faccidomo
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Thurston-Bowles Building; CB #7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Clyde W Hodge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Thurston-Bowles Building; CB #7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Thurston-Bowles Building; CB #7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Thurston-Bowles Building; CB #7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Thurston-Bowles Building; CB #7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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11
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Zhang JJ, Kong Q. Locomotor activity: A distinctive index in morphine self-administration in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174272. [PMID: 28380023 PMCID: PMC5381783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-administration of addictive drugs is a widely used tool for studying behavioral, neurobiological, and genetic factors in addiction. However, how locomotor activity is affected during self-administration of addictive drugs has not been extensively studied. In our present study, we tested the locomotor activity levels during acquisition, extinction and reinstatement of morphine self-administration in rats. We found that compared with saline self-administration (SA), rats that trained with morphine SA had higher locomotor activity. Rats that successfully acquired SA also showed higher locomotor activity than rats that failed in acquiring SA. Moreover, locomotor activity was correlated with the number of drug infusions but not with the number of inactive pokes. We also tested the locomotor activity in the extinction and the morphine-primed reinstatement session. Interestingly, we found that in the first extinction session, although the number of active pokes did not change, the locomotor activity was significantly lower than in the last acquisition session, and this decrease can be maintained for at least six days. Finally, morphine priming enhanced the locomotor activity during the reinstatement test, regardless of if the active pokes were significantly increased or not. Our results clearly suggest that locomotor activity, which may reflect the pharmacological effects of morphine, is different from drug seeking behavior and is a distinctive index in drug self-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and the National Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qingyao Kong
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and the National Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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García-Pardo MP, Roger-Sanchez C, Rodríguez-Arias M, Miñarro J, Aguilar MA. Pharmacological modulation of protein kinases as a new approach to treat addiction to cocaine and opiates. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 781:10-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rosen LG, Zunder J, Renard J, Fu J, Rushlow W, Laviolette SR. Opiate Exposure State Controls a D2-CaMKIIα-Dependent Memory Switch in the Amygdala-Prefrontal Cortical Circuit. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:847-57. [PMID: 26174594 PMCID: PMC4707830 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian basolateral amygdala (BLA) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) comprise a functionally interconnected circuit that is critical for processing opiate-related associative memories. In the opiate-naïve state, reward memory formation in the BLA involves a functional link between dopamine (DA) D1 receptor (D1R) and extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling substrates, but switches to a DA D2 (D2R)/Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα)-dependent memory substrate following chronic opiate exposure and spontaneous withdrawal. Using conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats paired with molecular analyses, we examined the role of intra-mPFC CaMKII, ERK and DAergic activity during the formation of opiate associative memories, and how opiate exposure state may regulate the functions of these molecular memory pathways. We report that the role of CaMKIIα signaling is functionally reversed within the BLA-mPFC pathway depending on opiate exposure state. Thus, in the opiate-naïve state, intra-mPFC but not intra-BLA blockade of CaMKII signaling prevents formation of opiate reward memory. However, following chronic opiate exposure and spontaneous withdrawal, the role of CaMKII signaling in the BLA-mPFC is functionally reversed. This behavioral memory switch corresponds to a selective increase in the expression of D2R and CaMKIIα, but not other calcium/calmodulin-related molecules, nor D1R expression levels within the mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G Rosen
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan Zunder
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Justine Renard
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Fu
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Walter Rushlow
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Steven R Laviolette
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,Department of Psychology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 468 Medical Science Building, London, ON N6C 3N1, Canada, Tel: +1 519 661 2111, ext. 80302, Fax: +1 519 661 3936, E-mail:
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Rosen LG, Sun N, Rushlow W, Laviolette SR. Molecular and neuronal plasticity mechanisms in the amygdala-prefrontal cortical circuit: implications for opiate addiction memory formation. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:399. [PMID: 26594137 PMCID: PMC4633496 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistence of associative memories linked to the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse is a core underlying feature of the addiction process. Opiate class drugs in particular, possess potent euphorigenic effects which, when linked to environmental cues, can produce drug-related "trigger" memories that may persist for lengthy periods of time, even during abstinence, in both humans, and other animals. Furthermore, the transitional switch from the drug-naïve, non-dependent state to states of dependence and withdrawal, represents a critical boundary between distinct neuronal and molecular substrates associated with opiate-reward memory formation. Identifying the functional molecular and neuronal mechanisms related to the acquisition, consolidation, recall, and extinction phases of opiate-related reward memories is critical for understanding, and potentially reversing, addiction-related memory plasticity characteristic of compulsive drug-seeking behaviors. The mammalian prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) share important functional and anatomical connections that are involved importantly in the processing of associative memories linked to drug reward. In addition, both regions share interconnections with the mesolimbic pathway's ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) and can modulate dopamine (DA) transmission and neuronal activity associated with drug-related DAergic signaling dynamics. In this review, we will summarize research from both human and animal modeling studies highlighting the importance of neuronal and molecular plasticity mechanisms within this circuitry during critical phases of opiate addiction-related learning and memory processing. Specifically, we will focus on two molecular signaling pathways known to be involved in both drug-related neuroadaptations and in memory-related plasticity mechanisms; the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase system (ERK) and the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK). Evidence will be reviewed that points to the importance of critical molecular memory switches within the mammalian brain that might mediate the neuropathological adaptations resulting from chronic opiate exposure, dependence, and withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G Rosen
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada
| | - Ninglei Sun
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada
| | - Walter Rushlow
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada
| | - Steven R Laviolette
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada
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Bian H, Yu LC. Intra-nucleus accumbens administration of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor AIP induced antinociception in rats with mononeuropathy. Neurosci Lett 2015; 599:129-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2013 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Perreault ML, O'Dowd BF, George SR. Dopamine D1-D2Receptor Heteromer Regulates Signaling Cascades Involved in Addiction: Potential Relevance to Adolescent Drug Susceptibility. Dev Neurosci 2014; 36:287-96. [DOI: 10.1159/000360158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Opiate exposure and withdrawal induces a molecular memory switch in the basolateral amygdala between ERK1/2 and CaMKIIα-dependent signaling substrates. J Neurosci 2013; 33:14693-704. [PMID: 24027270 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1226-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Opiate reward memories are powerful triggers for compulsive opiate-seeking behaviors. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is an important structure for the processing of opiate-related associative memories and is functionally linked to the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway. Transmission through intra-BLA DA D1-like and D2-like receptors independently modulates the formation of opiate reward memories as a function of opiate-exposure state. Thus, in the opiate-naive state, intra-BLA D1 transmission is required for opiate-related memory formation. Once opiate dependence and withdrawal has developed, a functional switch to a DA D2-mediated memory mechanism takes place. However, the downstream molecular signaling events that control this functional switch between intra-BLA DA D1 versus D2 receptor transmission are not currently understood. Using an unbiased place conditioning procedure in rats combined with molecular analyses, we report that opiate reward memory acquisition requires intra-BLA ERK1/2 signaling only in the previously opiate-naive state. However, following chronic opiate exposure and withdrawal, intra-BLA reward memory processing switches to a CaMKIIα-dependent memory substrate. Furthermore, the ability of intra-BLA DA D1 or D2 receptor transmission to modulate the motivational salience of opiates similarly operates through a D1-mediated ERK-dependent mechanism in the opiate-naive state, but switches to a D2-mediated CaMKIIα-dependent mechanism in the dependent/withdrawn state. Protein analysis of BLA tissue revealed a downregulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and a dramatic reduction in both total and phosphorylated CaMKIIα signaling, specifically in the opiate-dependent/withdrawn state, demonstrating functional control of ERK1/2-dependent versus CaMKIIα-dependent memory mechanisms within the BLA, controlled by opiate-exposure state.
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Paciaroni M, Bogousslavsky J. Cerebrovascular complications of neck manipulation. Eur Neurol 2008; 61:112-8. [PMID: 19065058 DOI: 10.1159/000180314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The safety of spinal manipulation is an issue that demands regular and rigorous assessment, as manipulation of the upper spine has been associated with serious adverse events such as cerebrovascular accidents due to cervical artery dissection. A correlation between stroke and cervical manipulation has been reported with increasing frequency, and each new report seems to reignite debate between neurologists and manual therapists. Specific risk factors for cerebrovascular complications related to spinal manipulation have not been identified yet; for this reason, any patient may be at risk, particularly those below 45 years of age. Patients undergoing spinal manipulative therapy need to consent to the possible risk of stroke or vascular injury from the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Paciaroni
- Stroke Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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