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Vandewouw MM, Norris-Brilliant A, Rahman A, Assimopoulos S, Morton SU, Kushki A, Cunningham S, King E, Goldmuntz E, Miller TA, Thomas NH, Adams HR, Cleveland J, Cnota JF, Ellen Grant P, Goldberg CS, Huang H, Li JS, McQuillen P, Porter GA, Roberts AE, Russell MW, Seidman CE, Tivarus ME, Chung WK, Hagler DJ, Newburger JW, Panigrahy A, Lerch JP, Gelb BD, Anagnostou E. Identifying novel data-driven subgroups in congenital heart disease using multi-modal measures of brain structure. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120721. [PMID: 38968977 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD) have an increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairments. Given the hypothesized complexity linking genomics, atypical brain structure, cardiac diagnoses and their management, and neurodevelopmental outcomes, unsupervised methods may provide unique insight into neurodevelopmental variability in CHD. Using data from the Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium Brain and Genes study, we identified data-driven subgroups of individuals with CHD from measures of brain structure. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; N = 93; cortical thickness, cortical volume, and subcortical volume), we identified subgroups that differed primarily on cardiac anatomic lesion and language ability. In contrast, using diffusion MRI (N = 88; white matter connectivity strength), we identified subgroups that were characterized by differences in associations with rare genetic variants and visual-motor function. This work provides insight into the differential impacts of cardiac lesions and genomic variation on brain growth and architecture in patients with CHD, with potentially distinct effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlee M Vandewouw
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Anum Rahman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephania Assimopoulos
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah U Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Azadeh Kushki
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sean Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Eileen King
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas A Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Nina H Thomas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center for Human Phenomic Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heather R Adams
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John Cleveland
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, LA, USA
| | - James F Cnota
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caren S Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Patrick McQuillen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - George A Porter
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Amy E Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Russell
- Department of Pediatrics, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Madalina E Tivarus
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald J Hagler
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, USA; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA; Departments of Cognitive Science and Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Jane W Newburger
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Sipes BS, Nagarajan SS, Raj A. Integrative, segregative, and degenerate harmonics of the structural connectome. Commun Biol 2024; 7:986. [PMID: 39143303 PMCID: PMC11324790 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Unifying integration and segregation in the brain has been a fundamental puzzle in neuroscience ever since the conception of the "binding problem." Here, we introduce a framework that places integration and segregation within a continuum based on a fundamental property of the brain-its structural connectivity graph Laplacian harmonics and a new feature we term the gap-spectrum. This framework organizes harmonics into three regimes-integrative, segregative, and degenerate-that together account for various group-level properties. Integrative and segregative harmonics occupy the ends of the continuum, and they share properties such as reproducibility across individuals, stability to perturbation, and involve "bottom-up" sensory networks. Degenerate harmonics are in the middle of the continuum, and they are subject-specific, flexible, and involve "top-down" networks. The proposed framework accommodates inter-subject variation, sensitivity to changes, and structure-function coupling in ways that offer promising avenues for studying cognition and consciousness in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Sipes
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ashish Raj
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Petro NM, Rempe MP, Schantell M, Ku V, Srinivas AN, O’Neill J, Kubat ME, Bares SH, May-Weeks PE, Wilson TW. Spontaneous cortical activity is altered in persons with HIV and related to domain-specific cognitive function. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae228. [PMID: 39035415 PMCID: PMC11258575 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Whilst the average lifespan of persons with HIV now approximates that of the general population, these individuals are at a much higher risk of developing cognitive impairment with ∼35-70% experiencing at least subtle cognitive deficits. Previous works suggest that HIV impacts both low-level primary sensory regions and higher-level association cortices. Notably, multiple neuroHIV studies have reported elevated levels of spontaneous cortical activity during the pre-stimulus baseline period of task-based experiments, but only a few have examined such activity during resting-state conditions. In the current study, we examined such spontaneous cortical activity using magnetoencephalography in 79 persons with HIV and 83 demographically matched seronegative controls and related this neural activity to performance on neuropsychological assessments of cognitive function. Consistent with previous works, persons with HIV exhibited stronger spontaneous gamma activity, particularly in inferior parietal, prefrontal and superior temporal cortices. In addition, serostatus moderated the relationship between spontaneous beta activity and attention, motor and processing speed scores, with controls but not persons with HIV showing stronger beta activity with better performance. The current results suggest that HIV predominantly impacts spontaneous activity in association cortices, consistent with alterations in higher-order brain function, and may be attributable to deficient GABAergic signalling, given its known role in the generation of gamma and beta oscillations. Overall, these effects align with previous studies showing aberrant spontaneous activity in persons with HIV and provide a critical new linkage to domain-specific cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Petro
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
| | - Maggie P Rempe
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mikki Schantell
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vivian Ku
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
| | - Advika N Srinivas
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
| | - Jennifer O’Neill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maureen E Kubat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sara H Bares
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | | | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Wang W, Li H, Wang Y, Liu L, Qian Q. Changes in effective connectivity during the visual-motor integration tasks: a preliminary f-NIRS study. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2024; 20:4. [PMID: 38468270 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual-motor integration (VMI) is an essential skill in daily life. The present study aimed to use functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology to explore the effective connectivity (EC) changes among brain regions during VMI activities of varying difficulty levels. METHODS A total of 17 healthy participants were recruited for the study. Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A), and Beery VMI test were used to evaluate attention performance, executive function, and VMI performance. Granger causality analysis was performed for the VMI task data to obtain the EC matrix for all participants. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to identify VMI load-dependent EC values among different task difficulty levels from brain network and channel perspectives, and partial correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between VMI load-dependent EC values and behavioral performance. RESULTS We found that the EC values of dorsal attention network (DAN) → default mode network (DMN), DAN → ventral attention network (VAN), DAN → frontoparietal network (FPN), and DAN → somatomotor network (SMN) in the complex condition were higher than those in the simple and moderate conditions. Further channel analyses indicated that the EC values of the right superior parietal lobule (SPL) → right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), right middle occipital gyrus (MOG) → left SFG, and right MOG → right postcentral gyrus (PCG) in the complex condition were higher than those in the simple and moderate conditions. Subsequent partial correlation analysis revealed that the EC values from DAN to DMN, VAN, and SMN were positively correlated with executive function and VMI performance. Furthermore, the EC values of right MOG → left SFG and right MOG → right PCG were positively correlated with attention performance. CONCLUSIONS The DAN is actively involved during the VMI task and thus may play a critical role in VMI processes, in which two key brain regions (right SPL, right MOG) may contribute to the EC changes in response to increasing VMI load. Meanwhile, bilateral SFG and right PCG may also be closely related to the VMI performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchen Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
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Li H, Shi H, Jiang S, Hou C, Wu H, Yao G, Yao D, Luo C. Atypical Hierarchical Connectivity Revealed by Stepwise Functional Connectivity in Aging. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1166. [PMID: 37892896 PMCID: PMC10604600 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical functional structure plays a crucial role in brain function. We aimed to investigate how aging affects hierarchical functional structure and to evaluate the relationship between such effects and molecular, microvascular, and cognitive features. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 95 older adults (66.94 ± 7.23 years) and 44 younger adults (21.8 ± 2.53 years) and employed an innovative graph-theory-based analysis (stepwise functional connectivity (SFC)) to reveal the effects of aging on hierarchical functional structure in the brain. In the older group, an SFC pattern converged on the primary sensory-motor network (PSN) rather than the default mode network (DMN). Moreover, SFC decreased in the DMN and increased in the PSN at longer link-steps in aging, indicating a reconfiguration of brain hub systems during aging. Subsequent correlation analyses were performed between SFC values and molecular, microvascular features, and behavioral performance. Altered SFC patterns were associated with dopamine and serotonin, suggesting that altered hierarchical functional structure in aging is linked to the molecular fundament with dopamine and serotonin. Furthermore, increased SFC in the PSN, decreased SFC in the DMN, and accelerated convergence rate were all linked to poorer microvascular features and lower executive function. Finally, a mediation analysis among SFC features, microvascular features, and behavioral performance indicated that the microvascular state may influence executive function through SFC features, highlighting the interactive effects of SFC features and microvascular state on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechun Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (H.L.); (H.S.); (S.J.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (D.Y.)
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hongru Shi
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (H.L.); (H.S.); (S.J.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (D.Y.)
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Sisi Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (H.L.); (H.S.); (S.J.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (D.Y.)
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Changyue Hou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (H.L.); (H.S.); (S.J.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (D.Y.)
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hanxi Wu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (H.L.); (H.S.); (S.J.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (D.Y.)
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Gang Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (H.L.); (H.S.); (S.J.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (D.Y.)
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (H.L.); (H.S.); (S.J.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (D.Y.)
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (H.L.); (H.S.); (S.J.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (D.Y.)
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu 610054, China
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Van de Winckel A, Zhang L, Hendrickson T, Lim KO, Mueller BA, Philippus A, Monden KR, Oh J, Huang Q, Sertic JVL, Ruen J, Konczak J, Evans R, Bronfort G. Identifying body awareness-related brain network changes after Spring Forest Qigong™ practice or P.Volve low-intensity exercise in adults with chronic low back pain: a feasibility Phase I Randomized Clinical Trial. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.11.23285808. [PMID: 36824785 PMCID: PMC9949220 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.11.23285808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic low back pain (cLBP) affects the quality of life of 52 million Americans and leads to an enormous personal and economic burden. A multidisciplinary approach to cLBP management is recommended. Since medication has limited efficacy and there are mounting concerns about opioid addiction, the American College of Physicians and American Pain Society recommend non-pharmacological interventions, such as mind and body approaches (e.g., Qigong, yoga, Tai Chi) before prescribing medications. Of those, Qigong practice might be most accessible given its gentle movements and because it can be performed standing, sitting, or lying down. The three available Qigong studies in adults with cLBP showed that Qigong reduced pain more than waitlist and equally well than exercise. Yet, the duration and/or frequency of Qigong practice were low (<12 weeks or less than 3x/week). The objectives of this study were to investigate the feasibility of practicing Spring Forest Qigong™ or performing P.Volve low intensity exercises 3x/week for 12 weeks, feasibility of recruitment, data collection, delivery of the intervention as intended, as well as identify estimates of efficacy on brain function and behavioral outcomes after Qigong practice or exercise. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the feasibility of the potential effect of Qigong on brain function in adults with cLBP. Methods We conducted a feasibility Phase I Randomized Clinical Trial. Of the 36 adults with cLBP recruited between January 2020 and June 2021, 32 were enrolled and randomized to either 12 weeks of remote Spring Forest Qigong™ practice or remote P.Volve low-intensity exercises. Participants practiced at least 3x/week for 41min/session with online videos. Our main outcome measures were the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (highest, average, and lowest cLBP pain intensity levels in the prior week), assessed weekly and fMRI data (resting-state and task-based fMRI tasks: pain imagery, kinesthetic imagery of a Qigong movement, and robot-guided shape discrimination). We compared baseline resting-state connectivity and brain activation during fMRI tasks in adults with cLBP with data from a healthy control group (n=28) acquired in a prior study. Secondary outcomes included measures of function, disability, body awareness, kinesiophobia, balance, self-efficacy, core muscle strength, and ankle proprioceptive acuity with a custom-build device. Results Feasibility of the study design and methods was demonstrated with 30 participants completing the study (94% retention) and reporting high satisfaction with the programs; 96% adherence to P.Volve low-intensity exercises, and 128% of the required practice intensity for Spring Forest Qigong™ practice. Both groups saw promising reductions in low back pain (effect sizes Cohen's d =1.01-2.22) and in most other outcomes ( d =0.90-2.33). Markers of ankle proprioception were not significantly elevated in the cLBP group after the interventions. Brain imaging analysis showed weaker parietal operculum and insula network connectivity in adults with cLBP (n=26), compared to data from a healthy control group (n=28). The pain imagery task elicited lower brain activation of insula, parietal operculum, angular gyrus and supramarginal gyrus at baseline in adults with cLBP than in healthy adults. Adults with cLBP had lower precentral gyrus activation than healthy adults for the Qigong movement and robot task at baseline. Pre-post brain function changes showed individual variability: Six (out of 13) participants in the Qigong group showed increased activation in the parietal operculum, angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and precentral gyrus during the Qigong fMRI task. Interpretation Our data indicate the feasibility and acceptability of using Spring Forest Qigong™ practice or P.Volve low-intensity exercises for cLBP relief showing promising results in terms of pain relief and associated symptoms. Our brain imaging results indicated brain function improvements after 12 weeks of Qigong practice in some participants, pointing to the need for further investigation in larger studies. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04164225 .
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Van de Winckel A, Carpentier ST, Deng W, Bottale S, Zhang L, Hendrickson T, Linnman C, Lim KO, Mueller BA, Philippus A, Monden KR, Wudlick R, Battaglino R, Morse LR. Identifying Body Awareness-Related Brain Network Changes after Cognitive Multisensory Rehabilitation for Neuropathic Pain Relief in Adults with Spinal Cord Injury: Delayed Treatment arm Phase I Randomized Controlled Trial. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.09.23285713. [PMID: 36798345 PMCID: PMC9934787 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.23285713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) is notoriously hard to treat. Mechanisms of neuropathic pain are unclear, which makes finding effective treatments challenging. Prior studies have shown that adults with SCI have body awareness deficits. Recent imaging studies, including ours, point to the parietal operculum and insula as key areas for both pain perception and body awareness. Cognitive multisensory rehabilitation (CMR) is a physical therapy approach that helps improve body awareness for pain reduction and sensorimotor recovery. Based on our prior brain imaging work in CMR in stroke, we hypothesized that improving body awareness through restoring parietal operculum network connectivity leads to neuropathic pain relief and improved sensorimotor and daily life function in adults with SCI. Thus, the objectives of this study were to (1) determine baseline differences in resting-state and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain function in adults with SCI compared to healthy controls and (2) identify changes in brain function and behavioral pain and pain-associated outcomes in adults with SCI after CMR. Methods Healthy adults underwent a one-time MRI scan and completed questionnaires. We recruited community-dwelling adults with SCI-related neuropathic pain, with complete or incomplete SCI >3 months, and highest neuropathic pain intensity level of >3 on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Participants with SCI were randomized into two groups, according to a delayed treatment arm phase I randomized controlled trial (RCT): Group A immediately received CMR intervention, 3x/week, 45 min/session, followed by a 6-week and 1-year follow-up. Group B started with a 6-week observation period, then 6 weeks of CMR, and a 1-year follow-up. Highest, average, and lowest neuropathic pain intensity levels were assessed weekly with the NPRS as primary outcome. Other primary outcomes (fMRI resting-state and functional tasks; sensory and motor function with the INSCI AIS exam), as well as secondary outcomes (mood, function, spasms, and other SCI secondary conditions), were assessed at baseline, after the first and second 6-week period. The INSCI AIS exam and questionnaires were repeated at the 1-year follow-up. Findings Thirty-six healthy adults and 28 adults with SCI were recruited between September 2020 and August 2021, and of those, 31 healthy adults and 26 adults with SCI were enrolled in the study. All 26 participants with SCI completed the intervention and pre-post assessments. There were no study-related adverse events. Participants were 52±15 years of age, and 1-56 years post-SCI. During the observation period, group B did not show any reductions in neuropathic pain and did not have any changes in sensation or motor function (INSCI ASIA exam). However, both groups experienced a significant reduction in neuropathic pain after the 6-week CMR intervention. Their highest level of neuropathic pain of 7.81±1.33 on the NPRS at baseline was reduced to 2.88±2.92 after 6 weeks of CMR. Their change scores were 4.92±2.92 (large effect size Cohen's d =1.68) for highest neuropathic pain, 4.12±2.23 ( d =1.85) for average neuropathic pain, and 2.31±2.07 ( d =1.00) for lowest neuropathic pain. Nine participants out of 26 were pain-free after the intervention (34.62%). The results of the INSCI AIS testing also showed significant improvements in sensation, muscle strength, and function after 6 weeks of CMR. Their INSCI AIS exam increased by 8.81±5.37 points ( d =1.64) for touch sensation, 7.50±4.89 points ( d =1.53) for pin prick sensation, and 3.87±2.81 ( d =1.38) for lower limb muscle strength. Functional improvements after the intervention included improvements in balance for 17 out of 18 participants with balance problems at baseline; improved transfers for all of them and a returned ability to stand upright with minimal assistance in 12 out of 20 participants who were unable to stand at baseline. Those improvements were maintained at the 1-year follow-up. With regard to brain imaging, we confirmed that the resting-state parietal operculum and insula networks had weaker connections in adults with SCI-related neuropathic pain (n=20) compared to healthy adults (n=28). After CMR, stronger resting-state parietal operculum network connectivity was found in adults with SCI. Also, at baseline, as expected, right toe sensory stimulation elicited less brain activation in adults with SCI (n=22) compared to healthy adults (n=26). However, after CMR, there was increased brain activation in relevant sensorimotor and parietal areas related to pain and mental body representations (i.e., body awareness and visuospatial body maps) during the toe stimulation fMRI task. These brain function improvements aligned with the AIS results of improved touch sensation, including in the feet. Interpretation Adults with chronic SCI had significant neuropathic pain relief and functional improvements, attributed to the recovery of sensation and movement after CMR. The results indicate the preliminary efficacy of CMR for restoring function in adults with chronic SCI. CMR is easily implementable in current physical therapy practice. These encouraging impressive results pave the way for larger randomized clinical trials aimed at testing the efficacy of CMR to alleviate neuropathic pain in adults with SCI. Clinical Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04706208. Funding AIRP2-IND-30: Academic Investment Research Program (AIRP) University of Minnesota School of Medicine. National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health Award Number UL1TR002494; the Biotechnology Research Center: P41EB015894, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke Institutional Center Core Grants to Support Neuroscience Research: P30 NS076408; and theHigh-Performancee Connectome Upgrade for Human 3T MR Scanner: 1S10OD017974.
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Filippi M, Spinelli EG, Cividini C, Ghirelli A, Basaia S, Agosta F. The human functional connectome in neurodegenerative diseases: relationship to pathology and clinical progression. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:59-73. [PMID: 36710600 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2174016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative diseases can be considered as 'disconnection syndromes,' in which a communication breakdown prompts cognitive or motor dysfunction. Mathematical models applied to functional resting-state MRI allow for the organization of the brain into nodes and edges, which interact to form the functional brain connectome. AREAS COVERED The authors discuss the recent applications of functional connectomics to neurodegenerative diseases, from preclinical diagnosis, to follow up along with the progressive changes in network organization, to the prediction of the progressive spread of neurodegeneration, to stratification of patients into prognostic groups, and to record responses to treatment. The authors searched PubMed using the terms 'neurodegenerative diseases' AND 'fMRI' AND 'functional connectome' OR 'functional connectivity' AND 'connectomics' OR 'graph metrics' OR 'graph analysis.' The time range covered the past 20 years. EXPERT OPINION Considering the great pathological and phenotypical heterogeneity of neurodegenerative diseases, identifying a common framework to diagnose, monitor and elaborate prognostic models is challenging. Graph analysis can describe the complexity of brain architectural rearrangements supporting the network-based hypothesis as unifying pathogenetic mechanism. Although a multidisciplinary team is needed to overcome the limit of methodologic complexity in clinical application, advanced methodologies are valuable tools to better characterize functional disconnection in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Filippi
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Gioele Spinelli
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Cividini
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alma Ghirelli
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Basaia
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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9
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Li H, Jiang S, Dong D, Hu J, He C, Hou C, He H, Huang H, Shen D, Pei H, Zhao G, Dong L, Yao D, Luo C. Vascular feature as a modulator of the aging brain. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5609-5621. [PMID: 35174854 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebral functional reorganization and declined cognitive function of aging might associate with altered vascular features. Here, we explored the altered cerebral hierarchical functional network of 2 conditions (task-free and naturalistic stimuli) in older adults and its relationship with vascular features (systemic microvascular and perfusion features, measured by magnetic resonance imaging) and behavior. Using cerebral gradient analysis, we found that compressive gradient of resting-state mainly located on the primary sensory-motor system and transmodal regions in aging, and further compress in these regions under the continuous naturalistic stimuli. Combining cerebral functional gradient, vascular features, and cognitive performance, the more compressive gradient in the resting-state, the worse vascular state, the lower cognitive function in older adults. Further modulation analysis demonstrated that both vascular features can regulate the relationship between gradient scores in the insula and behavior. Interestingly, systemic microvascular oxygenation also can modulate the relationship between cerebral gradient and cerebral perfusion. Furthermore, the less alteration of the compressive gradient with naturalistic stimuli came with lower cognitive function. Our findings demonstrated that the altered cerebral hierarchical functional structure in aging was linked with changed vascular features and behavior, offering a new framework for studying the physiological mechanism of functional connectivity in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechun Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Sisi Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- Radiology Department, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu 610036, P. R. China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 2019RU035, P. R. China
| | - Debo Dong
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jian Hu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Chuan He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Changyue Hou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Hui He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- Radiology Department, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu 610036, P. R. China
| | - Huan Huang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Dai Shen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Pei
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Guocheng Zhao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- Radiology Department, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu 610036, P. R. China
| | - Li Dong
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 2019RU035, P. R. China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 2019RU035, P. R. China
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital affiliate to School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610042, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 2019RU035, P. R. China
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital affiliate to School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610042, P. R. China
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Jiang Q, Lin J, Li C, Hou Y, Shang H. Gray Matter Abnormalities in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: A Voxel-Wise Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:891789. [PMID: 35873771 PMCID: PMC9301187 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.891789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundA growing number of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies have demonstrated widespread gray matter (GM) abnormalities in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), but the findings are heterogeneous. This study integrated previous VBM studies to identify consistent GM changes in the brains of patients with DM1.MethodsSystematic retrieval was conducted in Web of Science, Pubmed, and Embase databases to identify VBM studies that met the inclusion requirements. Data were extracted. The Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI) software was used for meta-analysis of voxel aspects.ResultsA total of eight VBM studies were included, including 176 patients with DM1 and 198 healthy controls (HCs). GM volume in patients with DM1 was extensively reduced compared with HCs, including bilateral rolandic operculum, bilateral posterior central gyrus, bilateral precentral gyrus, right insula, right heschl gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, bilateral supplementary motor area, bilateral middle cingulate gyrus/paracingulate gyrus, left paracentral lobule, and bilateral caudate nucleus. Meta-regression analysis found that regional GM abnormalities were associated with disease duration and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF)-recall scores.ConclusionDM1 is not only a disease of muscle injury but also a multisystem disease involving brain motor and neuropsychiatric regions, providing a basis for the pathophysiological mechanism of DM1.
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Esposti R, Marchese SM, Farinelli V, Bolzoni F, Cavallari P. Dual-Hemisphere Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Parietal Operculum Does Not Affect the Programming of Intra-limb Anticipatory Postural Adjustments. Front Physiol 2021; 12:789886. [PMID: 34987420 PMCID: PMC8721103 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.789886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that the postural and focal components within the voluntary motor command are functionally unique. In 2015, we reported that the supplementary motor area (SMA) processes Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APAs) separately from the command to focal muscles, so we are still searching for a hierarchically higher area able to process both components. Among these, the parietal operculum (PO) seemed to be a good candidate, as it is a hub integrating both sensory and motor streams. However, in 2019, we reported that transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), applied with an active electrode on the PO contralateral to the moving segment vs. a larger reference electrode on the opposite forehead, did not affect intra-limb APAs associated to brisk flexions of the index-finger. Nevertheless, literature reports that two active electrodes of opposite polarities, one on each PO (dual-hemisphere, dh-tDCS), elicit stronger effects than the "active vs. reference" arrangement. Thus, in the present study, the same intra-limb APAs were recorded before, during and after dh-tDCS on PO. Twenty right-handed subjects were tested, 10 for each polarity: anode on the left vs. cathode on the right, and vice versa. Again, dh-tDCS was ineffective on APA amplitude and timing, as well as on prime mover recruitment and index-finger kinematics. These results confirm the conclusion that PO does not take part in intra-limb APA control. Therefore, our search for an area in which the motor command to prime mover and postural muscles are still processed together will have to address other structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Esposti
- Human Physiology Section of the Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia M. Marchese
- Human Physiology Section of the Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Farinelli
- Human Physiology Section of the Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bolzoni
- Human Physiology Section of the Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Paolo Cavallari
- Human Physiology Section of the Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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12
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Gao Q, Xiang Y, Zhang J, Luo N, Liang M, Gong L, Yu J, Cui Q, Sepulcre J, Chen H. A reachable probability approach for the analysis of spatio-temporal dynamics in the human functional network. Neuroimage 2021; 243:118497. [PMID: 34428571 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic architecture of the human brain has been consistently observed. However, there is still limited modeling work to elucidate how neuronal circuits are hierarchically and flexibly organized in functional systems. Here we proposed a reachable probability approach based on non-homogeneous Markov chains, to characterize all possible connectivity flows and the hierarchical structure of brain functional systems at the dynamic level. We proved at the theoretical level the convergence of the functional brain network system, and demonstrated that this approach is able to detect network steady states across connectivity structure, particularly in areas of the default mode network. We further explored the dynamically hierarchical functional organization centered at the primary sensory cortices. We observed smaller optimal reachable steps to their local functional regions, and differentiated patterns in larger optimal reachable steps for primary perceptual modalities. The reachable paths with the largest and second largest transition probabilities between primary sensory seeds via multisensory integration regions were also tracked to explore the flexibility and plasticity of the multisensory integration. The present work provides a novel approach to depict both the stable and flexible hierarchical connectivity organization of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Yu Xiang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Ning Luo
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Minfeng Liang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Lisha Gong
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Qian Cui
- School of Public Affairs and Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Huafu Chen
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital to Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Fu C, Aisikaer A, Chen Z, Yu Q, Yin J, Yang W. Different Functional Network Connectivity Patterns in Epilepsy: A Rest-State fMRI Study on Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Benign Epilepsy With Centrotemporal Spike. Front Neurol 2021; 12:668856. [PMID: 34122313 PMCID: PMC8193721 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.668856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The stark discrepancy in the prognosis of epilepsy is closely related to brain damage features and underlying mechanisms, which have not yet been unraveled. In this study, differences in the epileptic brain functional connectivity states were explored through a network-based connectivity analysis between intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients and benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECT). Resting state fMRI imaging data were collected for 14 MTLE patients, 12 BECT patients and 16 healthy controls (HCs). Independent component analysis (ICA) was performed to identify the cortical functional networks. Subcortical nuclei of interest were extracted from the Harvard-Oxford probability atlas. Network-based statistics were used to detect functional connectivity (FC) alterations across intranetworks and internetworks, including the connectivity between cortical networks and subcortical nuclei. Compared with HCs, MTLE patients showed significant lower activity between the connectivity of cortical networks and subcortical nuclei (especially hippocampus) and lower internetwork FC involving the lateral temporal lobe; BECT patients showed normal cortical-subcortical FC with hyperconnectivity between cortical networks. Together, cortical-subcortical hypoconnectivity in MTLE suggested a low efficiency and collaborative network pattern, and this might be relevant to the final decompensatory state and the intractable prognosis. Conversely, cortical-subcortical region with normal connectivity remained well in global cooperativity, and compensatory internetwork hyperconnectivity caused by widespread cortical abnormal discharge, which might account for the self-limited clinical outcome in BECT. Based on the fMRI functional network study, different brain network patterns might provide a better explanation of mechanisms in different types of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Aikedan Aisikaer
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianzhong Yin
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Van de Winckel A, De Patre D, Rigoni M, Fiecas M, Hendrickson TJ, Larson M, Jagadeesan BD, Mueller BA, Elvendahl W, Streib C, Ikramuddin F, Lim KO. Exploratory study of how Cognitive Multisensory Rehabilitation restores parietal operculum connectivity and improves upper limb movements in chronic stroke. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20278. [PMID: 33219267 PMCID: PMC7680110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive Multisensory Rehabilitation (CMR) is a promising therapy for upper limb recovery in stroke, but the brain mechanisms are unknown. We previously demonstrated that the parietal operculum (parts OP1/OP4) is activated with CMR exercises. In this exploratory study, we assessed the baseline difference between OP1/OP4 functional connectivity (FC) at rest in stroke versus healthy adults to then explore whether CMR affects OP1/OP4 connectivity and sensorimotor recovery after stroke. We recruited 8 adults with chronic stroke and left hemiplegia/paresis and 22 healthy adults. Resting-state FC with the OP1/OP4 region-of-interest in the affected hemisphere was analysed before and after 6 weeks of CMR. We evaluated sensorimotor function and activities of daily life pre- and post-CMR, and at 1-year post-CMR. At baseline, we found decreased FC between the right OP1/OP4 and 34 areas distributed across all lobes in stroke versus healthy adults. After CMR, only four areas had decreased FC compared to healthy adults. Compared to baseline (pre-CMR), participants improved on motor function (MESUPES arm p = 0.02; MESUPES hand p = 0.03; MESUPES total score p = 0.006); on stereognosis (p = 0.03); and on the Frenchay Activities Index (p = 0.03) at post-CMR and at 1-year follow-up. These results suggest enhanced sensorimotor recovery post-stroke after CMR. Our results justify larger-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Van de Winckel
- Division of Physical Therapy, Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
| | - D De Patre
- Centro Studi Di Riabilitazione Neurocognitiva - Villa Miari (Study Center for Cognitive Multisensory Rehabilitation), Santorso, Vicenza, Italy
| | - M Rigoni
- Centro Studi Di Riabilitazione Neurocognitiva - Villa Miari (Study Center for Cognitive Multisensory Rehabilitation), Santorso, Vicenza, Italy
| | - M Fiecas
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - T J Hendrickson
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - M Larson
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - B D Jagadeesan
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - B A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - W Elvendahl
- Center of Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - C Streib
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - F Ikramuddin
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - K O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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15
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Labayru G, Jimenez‐Marin A, Fernández E, Villanua J, Zulaica M, Cortes JM, Díez I, Sepulcre J, López de Munain A, Sistiaga A. Neurodegeneration trajectory in pediatric and adult/late DM1: A follow-up MRI study across a decade. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1802-1815. [PMID: 32881379 PMCID: PMC7545612 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the progression of brain structural abnormalities in adults with pediatric and adult/late onset DM1, as well as to examine the potential predictive markers of such progression. METHODS 21 DM1 patients (pediatric onset: N = 9; adult/late onset: N = 12) and 18 healthy controls (HC) were assessed longitudinally over 9.17 years through brain MRI. Additionally, patients underwent neuropsychological, genetic, and muscular impairment assessment. Inter-group comparisons of total and voxel-level regional brain volume were conducted through Voxel Based Morphometry (VBM); cross-sectionally and longitudinally, analyzing the associations between brain changes and demographic, clinical, and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS The percentage of GM loss did not significantly differ in any of the groups compared with HC and when assessed independently, adult/late DM1 patients and their HC group suffered a significant loss in WM volume. Regional VBM analyses revealed subcortical GM damage in both DM1 groups, evolving to frontal regions in the pediatric onset patients. Muscular impairment and the outcomes of certain neuropsychological tests were significantly associated with follow-up GM damage, while visuoconstruction, attention, and executive function tests showed sensitivity to WM degeneration over time. INTERPRETATION Distinct patterns of brain atrophy and its progression over time in pediatric and adult/late onset DM1 patients are suggested. Results indicate a possible neurodevelopmental origin of the brain abnormalities in DM1, along with the possible existence of an additional neurodegenerative process. Fronto-subcortical networks appear to be involved in the disease progression at young adulthood in pediatric onset DM1 patients. The involvement of a multimodal integration network in DM1 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garazi Labayru
- Personality, Assessment and psychological treatment department; Psychology FacultyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
- Neuroscience AreaBiodonostia Research Institute, OsakidetzaDonostia‐San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Institute Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Antonio Jimenez‐Marin
- Biocruces‐Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldoBizkaiaSpain
- Biomedical Research Doctorate ProgramUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Esther Fernández
- OsatekDonostia University HospitalDonostia‐ San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
| | - Jorge Villanua
- OsatekDonostia University HospitalDonostia‐ San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
| | - Miren Zulaica
- Neuroscience AreaBiodonostia Research Institute, OsakidetzaDonostia‐San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Institute Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Jesus M. Cortes
- Biocruces‐Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldoBizkaiaSpain
- Cell Biology and Histology DepartmentUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
- IKERBASQUEThe Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Ibai Díez
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Neurotechnology LaboratoryTecnalia Health DepartmentDerioSpain
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Neuroscience AreaBiodonostia Research Institute, OsakidetzaDonostia‐San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Institute Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Neurology DepartmentDonostia University HospitalDonostia‐ San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
- Neuroscience DepartmentUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Donostia‐San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
| | - Andone Sistiaga
- Personality, Assessment and psychological treatment department; Psychology FacultyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
- Neuroscience AreaBiodonostia Research Institute, OsakidetzaDonostia‐San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Institute Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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16
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Pretus C, Marcos-Vidal L, Martínez-García M, Picado M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Richarte V, Castellanos FX, Sepulcre J, Desco M, Vilarroya Ó, Carmona S. Stepwise functional connectivity reveals altered sensory-multimodal integration in medication-naïve adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4645-4656. [PMID: 31322305 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies indicate that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present alterations in several functional networks of the sensation-to-cognition spectrum. These alterations include functional overconnectivity within sensory regions and underconnectivity between sensory regions and neural hubs supporting higher order cognitive functions. Today, it is unknown whether this same pattern of alterations persists in adult patients with ADHD who had never been medicated for their condition. The aim of the present study was to assess whether medication-naïve adults with ADHD presented alterations in functional networks of the sensation-to-cognition spectrum. Thirty-one medication-naïve adults with ADHD and twenty-two healthy adults underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Stepwise functional connectivity (SFC) was used to characterize the pattern of functional connectivity between sensory seed regions and the rest of the brain at direct, short, intermediate, and long functional connectivity distances, thus covering the continuum from the sensory input to the neural hubs supporting higher order cognitive functions. As compared to controls, adults with ADHD presented increased SFC degree within primary sensory regions and decreased SFC degree between sensory seeds and higher order integration nodes. In addition, they exhibited decreased connectivity degree between sensory seeds and regions of the default-mode network. Consistently, the higher the score in clinical severity scales the lower connectivity degree between seed regions and the default mode network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Pretus
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Marcos-Vidal
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Martínez-García
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisol Picado
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatry Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Psychiatry Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco X Castellanos
- Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Manuel Desco
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Vilarroya
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanna Carmona
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Gao Q, Yu Y, Su X, Tao Z, Zhang M, Wang Y, Leng J, Sepulcre J, Chen H. Adaptation of brain functional stream architecture in athletes with fast demands of sensorimotor integration. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:420-431. [PMID: 30277624 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Training-induced neuroplasticity has been described in athletes' population. However, it remains largely unknown how regular training and sports proficiency modifies neuronal circuits in the human brain. In this study, we used voxel-based morphometry and stepwise functional connectivity (SFC) analyses to uncover connectivity changes in the functional stream architecture in student-athletes at early stages of sensorimotor skill training. Thirty-two second-year student-athletes whose major was little-ball sports and thirty-four nonathlete controls were recruited for the study. We found that athletes showed greater gray matter volume in the right sensorimotor area, the limbic lobe, and the anterior lobe of the cerebellum. Furthermore, SFC analysis demonstrated that athletes displayed significantly smaller optimal connectivity distance from those seed regions to the dorsal attention network (DAN) and larger optimal connectivity distance to the default mode network (DMN) compared to controls. The Attention Network Test showed that the reaction time of the orienting attention subnetwork was positively correlated with SFC between the seeds and the DAN, while negatively correlated with SFC between the seeds and the DMN. Our findings suggest that neuroplastic adaptations on functional connectivity streams after motor skill training may enable novel information flow from specific areas of the cortex toward distributed networks such as the DAN and the DMN. This could potentially regulate the focus of external and internal attention synchronously in athletes, and consequently accelerate the reaction time of orienting attention in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Su
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongping Tao
- Information Technology Center, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu Zhang
- Information Technology Center, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Huafu Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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18
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Shibata H, Onuma T, Takeshima Y, Penwannakul Y, Sakai N. Role of the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in the Cognitive Process of Matching Between Action and Visual Feedback. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Bolk J, Padilla N, Forsman L, Broström L, Hellgren K, Åden U. Visual-motor integration and fine motor skills at 6½ years of age and associations with neonatal brain volumes in children born extremely preterm in Sweden: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020478. [PMID: 29455171 PMCID: PMC5855250 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This exploratory study aimed to investigate associations between neonatal brain volumes and visual-motor integration (VMI) and fine motor skills in children born extremely preterm (EPT) when they reached 6½ years of age. SETTING Prospective population-based cohort study in Stockholm, Sweden, during 3 years. PARTICIPANTS All children born before gestational age, 27 weeks, during 2004-2007 in Stockholm, without major morbidities and impairments, and who underwent MRI at term-equivalent age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Brain volumes were calculated using morphometric analyses in regions known to be involved in VMI and fine motor functions. VMI was assessed with The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration-sixth edition and fine motor skills were assessed with the manual dexterity subtest from the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-second edition, at 6½ years. Associations between the brain volumes and VMI and fine motor skills were evaluated using partial correlation, adjusted for total cerebral parenchyma and sex. RESULTS Out of 107 children born at gestational age <27 weeks, 83 were assessed at 6½ years and 66/83 were without major brain lesions or cerebral palsy and included in the analyses. A representative subsample underwent morphometric analyses: automatic segmentation (n=34) and atlas-based segmentation (n=26). The precentral gyrus was associated with both VMI (r=0.54, P=0.007) and fine motor skills (r=0.54, P=0.01). Associations were also seen between fine motor skills and the volume of the cerebellum (r=0.42, P=0.02), brainstem (r=0.47, P=0.008) and grey matter (r=-0.38, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Neonatal brain volumes in areas known to be involved in VMI and fine motor skills were associated with scores for these two functions when children born EPT without major brain lesions or cerebral palsy were evaluated at 6½ years of age. Establishing clear associations between early brain volume alterations and later VMI and/or fine motor skills could make early interventions possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Bolk
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neonatal Unit, Sachs’s Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nelly Padilla
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lea Forsman
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lina Broström
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Hellgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neuropediatric Department, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Åden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neonatal Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Cheng CH, Sun HH, Weng JQ, Tseng YJ. Differential motor cortex excitability during observation of normal and abnormal goal-directed movement patterns. Neurosci Res 2017; 123:36-42. [PMID: 28457959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Perry A, Wen W, Kochan NA, Thalamuthu A, Sachdev PS, Breakspear M. The independent influences of age and education on functional brain networks and cognition in healthy older adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:5094-5114. [PMID: 28685910 PMCID: PMC6866868 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is accompanied by a constellation of changes in cognitive processes and alterations in functional brain networks. The relationships between brain networks and cognition during aging in later life are moderated by demographic and environmental factors, such as prior education, in a poorly understood manner. Using multivariate analyses, we identified three latent patterns (or modes) linking resting-state functional connectivity to demographic and cognitive measures in 101 cognitively normal elders. The first mode (P = 0.00043) captures an opposing association between age and core cognitive processes such as attention and processing speed on functional connectivity patterns. The functional subnetwork expressed by this mode links bilateral sensorimotor and visual regions through key areas such as the parietal operculum. A strong, independent association between years of education and functional connectivity loads onto a second mode (P = 0.012), characterized by the involvement of key hub regions. A third mode (P = 0.041) captures weak, residual brain-behavior relations. Our findings suggest that circuits supporting lower level cognitive processes are most sensitive to the influence of age in healthy older adults. Education, and to a lesser extent, executive functions, load independently onto functional networks-suggesting that the moderating effect of education acts upon networks distinct from those vulnerable with aging. This has important implications in understanding the contribution of education to cognitive reserve during healthy aging. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5094-5114, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Perry
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
- Program of Mental Health Research, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQueensland4006Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Nicole A. Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Michael Breakspear
- Program of Mental Health Research, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQueensland4006Australia
- Metro North Mental Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalHerstonQueensland4029Australia
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22
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Pendl SL, Salzwedel AP, Goldman BD, Barrett LF, Lin W, Gilmore JH, Gao W. Emergence of a hierarchical brain during infancy reflected by stepwise functional connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:2666-2682. [PMID: 28263011 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hierarchical nature of the brain's functional organization has long been recognized, but when and how this architecture emerges during development remains largely unknown. Here the development of the brain's hierarchical organization was characterized using a modified stepwise functional connectivity approach based on resting-state fMRI in a fully longitudinal sample of infants (N = 28, with scans after birth, and at 1 and 2 years) and adults. Results obtained by placing seeds in early sensory cortices revealed novel hierarchical patterns of adult brain organization ultimately converging in limbic, paralimbic, basal ganglia, and frontoparietal brain regions. These findings are remarkably consistent with predictive coding accounts of neural processing that place these regions at the top of predictive coding hierarchies. Infants gradually developed toward this architecture in a region- and step-dependent manner, and displayed many of the same regions as adults in top hierarchical positions, starting from 1 year of age. The findings further revealed patterns of inter-sensory connectivity likely reflecting the emergence and development of multisensory processing strategies during infancy, the strengths of which were correlated with early cognitive development scores. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2666-2682, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L Pendl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, 90048
| | - Andrew P Salzwedel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, 90048
| | - Barbara D Goldman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, and FPG Child Development Institute, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Lisa F Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115.,Department of Psychiatry and the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129
| | - Weili Lin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, 90048
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23
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Hegner YL, Lindner A, Braun C. A somatosensory-to-motor cascade of cortical areas engaged in perceptual decision making during tactile pattern discrimination. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:1172-1181. [PMID: 27767240 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The processes underlying perceptual decision making are diverse and typically engage a distributed network of brain areas. It is a particular challenge to establish a sensory-to-motor functional hierarchy in such networks. This is because single-cell recordings mainly study the nodes of decision networks in isolation but seldom simultaneously. Moreover, imaging methods, which allow simultaneously accessing information from overall networks, typically suffer from either the temporal or the spatial resolution necessary to establish a detailed functional hierarchy in terms of a sequential recruitment of areas during a decision process. Here we report a novel analytical approach to work around these latter limitations: using temporal differences in human fMRI activation profiles during a tactile discrimination task with immediate versus experimentally delayed behavioral responses, we could derive a linear functional gradient across task-related brain areas in terms of their relative dependence on sensory input versus motor output. The gradient was established by comparing peak latencies of activation between the two response conditions. The resulting time differences described a continuum that ranged from zero time difference, indicative for areas that process information related to the sensory input and, thus, are invariant to the response delay instruction, to time differences corresponding to the delayed response onset, thus indicating motor-related processing. Taken together with our previous findings (Li Hegner et al. []: Hum Brain Mapp 36:3339-3350), our results suggest that the anterior insula reflects the ultimate perceptual stage within the uncovered sensory-to-motor gradient, likely translating sensory information into a categorical abstract (non-motor) decision. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1172-1181, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Axel Lindner
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Braun
- MEG Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tuebingen, Germany.,Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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24
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Nebel MB, Eloyan A, Nettles CA, Sweeney KL, Ament K, Ward RE, Choe AS, Barber AD, Pekar JJ, Mostofsky SH. Intrinsic Visual-Motor Synchrony Correlates With Social Deficits in Autism. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:633-41. [PMID: 26543004 PMCID: PMC4777671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imitation, which is impaired in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and critically depends on the integration of visual input with motor output, likely impacts both motor and social skill acquisition in children with ASD; however, it is unclear what brain mechanisms contribute to this impairment. Children with ASD also exhibit what appears to be an ASD-specific bias against using visual feedback during motor learning. Does the temporal congruity of intrinsic activity, or functional connectivity, between motor and visual brain regions contribute to ASD-associated deficits in imitation, motor, and social skills? METHODS We acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans from 100 8- to 12-year-old children (50 ASD). Group independent component analysis was used to estimate functional connectivity between visual and motor systems. Brain-behavior relationships were assessed by regressing functional connectivity measures with social deficit severity, imitation, and gesture performance scores. RESULTS We observed increased intrinsic asynchrony between visual and motor systems in children with ASD and replicated this finding in an independent sample from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange. Moreover, children with more out-of-sync intrinsic visual-motor activity displayed more severe autistic traits, while children with greater intrinsic visual-motor synchrony were better imitators. CONCLUSIONS Our twice replicated findings confirm that visual-motor functional connectivity is disrupted in ASD. Furthermore, the observed temporal incongruity between visual and motor systems, which may reflect diminished integration of visual consequences with motor output, was predictive of the severity of social deficits and may contribute to impaired social-communicative skill development in children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Nebel
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Ani Eloyan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Carrie A. Nettles
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kristie L. Sweeney
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Katarina Ament
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rebecca E. Ward
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ann S. Choe
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anita D. Barber
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - James J. Pekar
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Stewart H. Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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25
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Kleber B, Veit R, Moll CV, Gaser C, Birbaumer N, Lotze M. Voxel-based morphometry in opera singers: Increased gray-matter volume in right somatosensory and auditory cortices. Neuroimage 2016; 133:477-483. [PMID: 27034024 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to instrumental musicians, professional singers do not train on a specific instrument but perfect a motor system that has already been extensively trained during speech motor development. Previous functional imaging studies suggest that experience with singing is associated with enhanced somatosensory-based vocal motor control. However, experience-dependent structural plasticity in vocal musicians has rarely been studied. We investigated voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in 27 professional classical singers and compared gray matter volume in regions of the "singing-network" to an age-matched group of 28 healthy volunteers with no special singing experience. We found right hemispheric volume increases in professional singers in ventral primary somatosensory cortex (larynx S1) and adjacent rostral supramarginal gyrus (BA40), as well as in secondary somatosensory (S2) and primary auditory cortices (A1). Moreover, we found that earlier commencement with vocal training correlated with increased gray-matter volume in S1. However, in contrast to studies with instrumental musicians, this correlation only emerged in singers who began their formal training after the age of 14years, when speech motor development has reached its first plateau. Structural data thus confirm and extend previous functional reports suggesting a pivotal role of somatosensation in vocal motor control with increased experience in singing. Results furthermore indicate a sensitive period for developing additional vocal skills after speech motor coordination has matured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Kleber
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ralf Veit
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina Valérie Moll
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Niels Birbaumer
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Ospedale San Camillo, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 30126 Venezia, Italy
| | - Martin Lotze
- Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Carmona S, Hoekzema E, Castellanos FX, García-García D, Lage-Castellanos A, Van Dijk KRA, Navas-Sánchez FJ, Martínez K, Desco M, Sepulcre J. Sensation-to-cognition cortical streams in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2544-57. [PMID: 25821110 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to determine whether functional connectivity streams that link sensory, attentional, and higher-order cognitive circuits are atypical in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We applied a graph-theory method to the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 120 children with ADHD and 120 age-matched typically developing children (TDC). Starting in unimodal primary cortex-visual, auditory, and somatosensory-we used stepwise functional connectivity to calculate functional connectivity paths at discrete numbers of relay stations (or link-step distances). First, we characterized the functional connectivity streams that link sensory, attentional, and higher-order cognitive circuits in TDC and found that systems do not reach the level of integration achieved by adults. Second, we searched for stepwise functional connectivity differences between children with ADHD and TDC. We found that, at the initial steps of sensory functional connectivity streams, patients display significant enhancements of connectivity degree within neighboring areas of primary cortex, while connectivity to attention-regulatory areas is reduced. Third, at subsequent link-step distances from primary sensory cortex, children with ADHD show decreased connectivity to executive processing areas and increased degree of connections to default mode regions. Fourth, in examining medication histories in children with ADHD, we found that children medicated with psychostimulants present functional connectivity streams with higher degree of connectivity to regions subserving attentional and executive processes compared to medication-naïve children. We conclude that predominance of local sensory processing and lesser influx of information to attentional and executive regions may reduce the ability to organize and control the balance between external and internal sources of information in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Carmona
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Center for Brain Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elseline Hoekzema
- Neuroendocrinology Bakker Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco X Castellanos
- Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - David García-García
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Koene R A Van Dijk
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Center for Brain Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Francisco J Navas-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Kenia Martínez
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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27
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Abstract
Network science provides theoretical, computational, and empirical tools that can be used to understand the structure and function of the human brain in novel ways using simple concepts and mathematical representations. Network neuroscience is a rapidly growing field that is providing considerable insight into human structural connectivity, functional connectivity while at rest, changes in functional networks over time (dynamics), and how these properties differ in clinical populations. In addition, a number of studies have begun to quantify network characteristics in a variety of cognitive processes and provide a context for understanding cognition from a network perspective. In this review, we outline the contributions of network science to cognitive neuroscience. We describe the methodology of network science as applied to the particular case of neuroimaging data and review its uses in investigating a range of cognitive functions including sensory processing, language, emotion, attention, cognitive control, learning, and memory. In conclusion, we discuss current frontiers and the specific challenges that must be overcome to integrate these complementary disciplines of network science and cognitive neuroscience. Increased communication between cognitive neuroscientists and network scientists could lead to significant discoveries under an emerging scientific intersection known as cognitive network neuroscience.
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Abstract
The processing of brain information relies on the organization of neuronal networks and circuits that in the end must provide the substrate for human cognition. However, the presence of highly complex and multirelay neuronal interactions has limited our ability to disentangle the assemblies of brain systems. The present review article focuses on the latest developments to understand the architecture of functional streams of the human brain at the large-scale level. Particularly, this article presents a comprehensive framework and recent findings about how the highly modular sensory cortex, such as the visual, somatosensory, auditory, as well as motor cortex areas, connects to more parallel-organized cortical hubs in the brain's functional connectome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sepulcre
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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