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Yao C, Fang X, Ru Q, Li W, Li J, Mehsein Z, Tolias KF, Li L. Tiam1-mediated maladaptive plasticity underlying morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia. Brain 2024; 147:2507-2521. [PMID: 38577773 PMCID: PMC11224607 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioid pain medications, such as morphine, remain the mainstay for treating severe and chronic pain. Prolonged morphine use, however, triggers analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia (OIH), which can last for a long period after morphine withdrawal. How morphine induces these detrimental side effects remains unclear. Here, we show that morphine tolerance and OIH are mediated by Tiam1-coordinated synaptic structural and functional plasticity in the spinal nociceptive network. Tiam1 is a Rac1 GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor that promotes excitatory synaptogenesis by modulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics. We found that prolonged morphine treatment activated Tiam1 in the spinal dorsal horn and Tiam1 ablation from spinal neurons eliminated morphine antinociceptive tolerance and OIH. At the same time, the pharmacological blockade of Tiam1-Rac1 signalling prevented the development and reserved the established tolerance and OIH. Prolonged morphine treatment increased dendritic spine density and synaptic NMDA receptor activity in spinal dorsal horn neurons, both of which required Tiam1. Furthermore, co-administration of the Tiam1 signalling inhibitor NSC23766 was sufficient to abrogate morphine tolerance in chronic pain management. These findings identify Tiam1-mediated maladaptive plasticity in the spinal nociceptive network as an underlying cause for the development and maintenance of morphine tolerance and OIH and provide a promising therapeutic target to reduce tolerance and prolong morphine use in chronic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqun Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35025, USA
| | - Xing Fang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qin Ru
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35025, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35025, USA
| | - Zeinab Mehsein
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35025, USA
| | - Kimberley F Tolias
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lingyong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35025, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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2
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Shi YQ, Sun ZH, Wang ZZ, Su CY, Zhang W, Yu LY, Xu Y, Gao YL, Wang HB, Tian JW, Li CM. A novel role for microtubule affinity-regulating kinases in neuropathic pain. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2012-2032. [PMID: 38112022 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuropathic pain affects millions of patients, but there are currently few viable therapeutic options available. Microtubule affinity-regulating kinases (MARKs) regulate the dynamics of microtubules and participate in synaptic remodelling. It is unclear whether these changes are involved in the central sensitization of neuropathic pain. This study examined the role of MARK1 or MARK2 in regulating neurosynaptic plasticity induced by neuropathic pain. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A rat spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model was established to induce neuropathic pain. The role of MARKs in nociceptive regulation was assessed by genetically knocking down MARK1 or MARK2 in amygdala and systemic administration of PCC0105003, a novel small molecule MARK inhibitor. Cognitive function, anxiety-like behaviours and motor coordination capability were also examined in SNL rats. Synaptic remodelling-associated signalling changes were detected with electrophysiological recording, Golgi-Cox staining, western blotting and qRT-PCR. KEY RESULTS MARK1 and MARK2 expression levels in amygdala and spinal dorsal horn were elevated in SNL rats. MARK1 or MARK2 knockdown in amygdala and PCC0105003 treatment partially attenuated pain-like behaviours along with improving cognitive deficit, anxiogenic-like behaviours and motor coordination in SNL rats. Inhibition of MARKs signalling reversed synaptic plasticity at the functional and structural levels by suppressing NR2B/GluR1 and EB3/Drebrin signalling pathways both in amygdala and spinal dorsal horn. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that MARKs-mediated synaptic remodelling plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and that pharmacological inhibitors of MARKs such as PCC0105003 could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Qin Shi
- From the school of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Sun
- From the school of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhe-Zhe Wang
- From the school of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chun-Yu Su
- From the school of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- From the school of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin-Yao Yu
- From the school of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yang Xu
- From the school of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong-Lin Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- From the school of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing-Wei Tian
- From the school of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chun-Mei Li
- From the school of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
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3
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Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating form of pain arising from injury or disease of the nervous system that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain are still not fully understood. Dendritic spines are small protrusions on the surface of neurons that play an important role in synaptic transmission. Recent studies have shown that dendritic spines reorganize in the superficial and deeper laminae of the spinal cord dorsal horn with the development of neuropathic pain in multiple models of disease or injury. Given the importance of dendritic spines in synaptic transmission, it is possible that studying dendritic spines could lead to new therapeutic approaches for managing intractable pain. In this review article, we highlight the emergent role of dendritic spines in neuropathic pain, as well as discuss the potential for studying dendritic spines for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis A Benson
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jared F King
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marike L Reimer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sierra D Kauer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew M Tan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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Ko HG, Chun H, Han S, Kaang BK. Role of spinal astrocytes through the perisynaptic astrocytic process in pathological pain. Mol Brain 2023; 16:81. [PMID: 38093330 PMCID: PMC10717263 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological pain is caused by abnormal activity in the neural circuit that transmits nociceptive stimuli. Beyond homeostatic functions, astrocytes actively participate in regulating synaptic transmission as members of tripartite synapses. The perisynaptic astrocytic process (PAP) is the key structure that allows astrocytes to play these roles and not only physically supports synapse formation through cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) but also regulates the efficiency of chemical signaling. Accumulating evidence has revealed that spinal astrocytes are involved in pathological pain by modulating the efficacy of neurotransmitters such as glutamate and GABA through transporters located in the PAP and by directly regulating synaptic transmission through various gliotransmitters. Although various CAMs contribute to pathological pain, insufficient evidence is available as to whether astrocytic CAMs also have this role. Therefore, more in-depth research is needed on how pathological pain is induced and maintained by astrocytes, especially in the PAP surrounding the synapse, and this will subsequently increase our understanding and treatment of pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Gon Ko
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol- daero, Daegu, 41940, South Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Heejung Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei-SL Bigen Institute (YSLI), Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seunghyo Han
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol- daero, Daegu, 41940, South Korea
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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Russo MA, Volschenk W, Bailey D, Santarelli DM, Holliday E, Barker D, Dizon J, Graham B. A Novel, Paresthesia-Free Spinal Cord Stimulation Waveform for Chronic Neuropathic Low Back Pain: Six-Month Results of a Prospective, Single-Arm, Dose-Response Study. Neuromodulation 2023; 26:1412-1423. [PMID: 37486284 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospective, single-blinded, dose-response study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel, paresthesia-free (subperception) spinal cord stimulation (SCS) waveform designed to target dorsal horn dendrites for the treatment of chronic neuropathic low back pain (LBP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven participants with chronic neuropathic LBP were implanted with a commercial SCS system after a successful trial of SCS therapy. Devices were programmed to deliver the investigative waveform (100 Hz, 1000 μs, T9/T10 bipole) at descending stimulation perception threshold amplitudes (80%, 60%, 40%). Programs were evaluated at six, ten, and 14 weeks, after which participants selected their preferred program, with more follow-up at 26 weeks (primary outcomes). Participants were blinded to the nature of the programming. Pain score (visual analog scale [VAS]), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), and health status (36-Item Short Form [SF-36]) were measured at baseline and follow-ups. Responder rate, treatment satisfaction, clinician global impression of change, and adverse events (AEs) also were evaluated. RESULTS Mean (± SD) baseline VAS was 72.5 ± 11.2 mm. At 26 weeks (n = 26), mean change from baseline in VAS was -51.7 mm (95% CI, -60.7 to -42.7; p < 0.001), with 76.9% of participants reporting ≥50% VAS reduction, and 46.2% reporting ≥80% VAS reduction. BPI, EQ-5D-5L, and SF-36 scores were all statistically significantly improved at 26 weeks (p < 0.001), and 100% of participants were satisfied with their treatment. There were no unanticipated AEs related to the study intervention, device, or procedures. CONCLUSIONS This novel, paresthesia-free stimulation waveform may be a safe and effective option for patients with chronic neuropathic LBP eligible for SCS therapy and is deliverable by all current commercial SCS systems. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered on anzctr.org.au with identifier ACTRN12618000647235.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Russo
- Hunter Pain Specialists, Broadmeadow, New South Wales, Australia; Genesis Research Services, Broadmeadow, New South Wales, Australia; University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Willem Volschenk
- Hunter Pain Specialists, Broadmeadow, New South Wales, Australia; Genesis Research Services, Broadmeadow, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dominic Bailey
- Genesis Research Services, Broadmeadow, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel Barker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason Dizon
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Graham
- University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Li L, Ru Q, Lu Y, Fang X, Chen G, Saifullah AB, Yao C, Tolias KF. Tiam1 coordinates synaptic structural and functional plasticity underpinning the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Neuron 2023; 111:2038-2050.e6. [PMID: 37146610 PMCID: PMC10330505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a common, debilitating chronic pain condition caused by damage or a disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain is critical for developing new therapeutic strategies to treat chronic pain effectively. Tiam1 is a Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that promotes dendritic and synaptic growth during hippocampal development by inducing actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Here, using multiple neuropathic pain animal models, we show that Tiam1 coordinates synaptic structural and functional plasticity in the spinal dorsal horn via actin cytoskeleton reorganization and synaptic NMDAR stabilization and that these actions are essential for the initiation, transition, and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Furthermore, an antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) targeting spinal Tiam1 persistently alleviate neuropathic pain sensitivity. Our findings suggest that Tiam1-coordinated synaptic functional and structural plasticity underlies the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain and that intervention of Tiam1-mediated maladaptive synaptic plasticity has long-lasting consequences in neuropathic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35025, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Qin Ru
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yungang Lu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pain Medicine, Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xing Fang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guanxing Chen
- Department of Pain Medicine, Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ali Bin Saifullah
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Changqun Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35025, USA
| | - Kimberley F Tolias
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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7
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Cui Z, Guo Z, Wei L, Zou X, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Wang J, Chen L, Wang D, Ke Z. Altered pain sensitivity in 5×familial Alzheimer disease mice is associated with dendritic spine loss in anterior cingulate cortex pyramidal neurons. Pain 2022; 163:2138-2153. [PMID: 35384934 PMCID: PMC9578529 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic pain is highly prevalent. Individuals with cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer disease are a susceptible population in which pain is frequently difficult to diagnosis. It is still unclear whether the pathological changes in patients with Alzheimer disease will affect pain processing. Here, we leverage animal behavior, neural activity recording, optogenetics, chemogenetics, and Alzheimer disease modeling to examine the contribution of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neurons to pain response. The 5× familial Alzheimer disease mice show alleviated mechanical allodynia which can be regained by the genetic activation of ACC excitatory neurons. Furthermore, the lower peak neuronal excitation, delayed response initiation, as well as the dendritic spine reduction of ACC pyramidal neurons in 5×familial Alzheimer disease mice can be mimicked by Rac1 or actin polymerization inhibitor in wild-type (WT) mice. These findings indicate that abnormal of pain sensitivity in Alzheimer disease modeling mice is closely related to the variation of neuronal activity and dendritic spine loss in ACC pyramidal neurons, suggesting the crucial role of dendritic spine density in pain processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Cui
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongzhao Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Wei
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilu Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zunji Ke
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Sun Z, Meng P, Su C, Ji S, Gao Y, Wang H, Tian J, Li C. PCC-0105002, a novel small molecule inhibitor of PSD95-nNOS protein-protein interactions, attenuates neuropathic pain and corrects motor disorder associated with neuropathic pain model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 429:115698. [PMID: 34428447 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In view of postsynaptic density 95kDA (PSD95) tethers neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) to N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), the PSD95-nNOS complex represents a therapeutic target of neuropathic pain. This study therefore sought to explore the ability of PCC-0105002, a novel PSD95-nNOS small molecule inhibitor, to alter pain sensitivity in rodent neuropathic pain models. Firstly, the IC50 of PCC-0105002 for PSD95 and NOS1 binding activity was determined using an Alpha Screen assay kit. Then, we examined the effects of PCC-0105002 in the mouse formalin test and in the rat spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model, and explored the ability of PCC-0105002 to mediate analgesia and to effect motor coordination in a rota-rod test. Moreover, the mechanisms whereby PCC-0105002 mediates analgesia was explored via western blotting, Golgi staining, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments in dorsal horn. The outcomes indicated that PCC-0105002 exhibited dose-dependent attenuation of phase II pain-associated behaviors in the formalin test. The result indicated that PCC-0105002 disrupted the PSD95-nNOS interaction with IC50 of 1.408 μM. In the SNL model, PCC-0105002 suppressed mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and abnormal dorsal horn wide dynamic range neuron discharge. PCC-0105002 mediated an analgesic effect comparable to that of MK-801, while it was better able to enhance motor coordination as compared with MK-801. Moreover, PCC-0105002 altered signaling downstream of NMDAR and thus functionally and structurally attenuating synaptic plasticity through respective regulation of the NR2B/GluR1/CaMKIIα and Rac1/RhoA pathways. These findings suggest that the novel PSD95-nNOS inhibitor PCC-0105002 is an effective agent for alleviating neuropathic pain, and that it produces fewer motor coordination-associated side effects than do NMDAR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Ping Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Chunyu Su
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Shengmin Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yonglin Gao
- School of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
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9
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Sun Z, Wang B, Chen C, Li C, Zhang Y. 5-HT6R null mutatrion induces synaptic and cognitive defects. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13369. [PMID: 33960602 PMCID: PMC8208783 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin 6 receptor (5-HT6R) is a promising target for a variety of human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. However, the detailed mechanism underlying 5-HT6R activity in the central nervous system (CNS) is not fully understood. In the present study, 5-HT6R null mutant (5-HT6R-/- ) mice were found to exhibit cognitive deficiencies and abnormal anxiety levels. 5-HT6R is considered to be specifically localized on the primary cilia. We found that the loss of 5-HT6R affected the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway in the primary cilia. 5-HT6R-/- mice showed remarkable alterations in neuronal morphology, including dendrite complexity and axon initial segment morphology. Neurons lacking 5-HT6R exhibited increased neuronal excitability. Our findings highlight the complexity of 5-HT6R functions in the primary ciliary and neuronal physiology, supporting the theory that this receptor modulates neuronal morphology and transmission, and contributes to cognitive deficits in a variety of human diseases, such as AD, schizophrenia, and ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyCollege of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Bingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyCollege of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Chenjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyCollege of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyCollege of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina,PKU/IDG McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
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10
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Wang JL, Wang Y, Sun W, Yu Y, Wei N, Du R, Yang Y, Liang T, Wang XL, Ou CH, Chen J. Spinophilin modulates pain through suppressing dendritic spine morphogenesis via negative control of Rac1-ERK signaling in rat spinal dorsal horn. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 152:105302. [PMID: 33609640 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both spinophilin (SPN, also known as neurabin 2) and Rac1 (a member of Rho GTPase family) are believed to play key roles in dendritic spine (DS) remodeling and spinal nociception. However, how SPN interacts with Rac1 in the above process is unknown. Here, we first demonstrated natural existence of SPN-protein phosphatase 1-Rac1 complex in the spinal dorsal horn (DH) neurons by both double immunofluorescent labeling and co-immunoprecipitation, then the effects of SPN over-expression and down-regulation on mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity, GTP-bound Rac1-ERK signaling activity, and spinal DS density were studied. Over-expression of SPN in spinal neurons by intra-DH pAAV-CMV-SPN-3FLAG could block both mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivity induced by intraplantar bee venom injection, however it had no effect on the basal pain sensitivity. Over-expression of SPN also resulted in a significant decrease in GTP-Rac1-ERK activities, relative to naive and irrelevant control (pAAV-MCS). In sharp contrast, knockdown of SPN in spinal neurons by intra-DH pAAV-CAG-eGFP-U6-shRNA[SPN] produced both pain hypersensitivity and dramatic elevation of GTP-Rac1-ERK activities, relative to naive and irrelevant control (pAAV-shRNA [NC]). Moreover, knockdown of SPN resulted in increase in DS density while over-expression of it had no such effect. Collectively, SPN is likely to serve as a regulator of Rac1 signaling to suppress DS morphogenesis via negative control of GTP-bound Rac1-ERK activities at postsynaptic component in rat DH neurons wherein both mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity are controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Lin Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Na Wei
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Rui Du
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Ting Liang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Ce-Hua Ou
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an 710038, PR China.
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11
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Sculpting Dendritic Spines during Initiation and Maintenance of Neuropathic Pain. J Neurosci 2021; 40:7578-7589. [PMID: 32998955 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1664-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has established a firm role for synaptic plasticity in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Recent advances have highlighted the importance of dendritic spine remodeling in driving synaptic plasticity within the CNS. Identifying the molecular players underlying neuropathic pain induced structural and functional maladaptation is therefore critical to understanding its pathophysiology. This process of dynamic reorganization happens in unique phases that have diverse pathologic underpinnings in the initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Recent evidence suggests that pharmacological targeting of specific proteins during distinct phases of neuropathic pain development produces enhanced antinociception. These findings outline a potential new paradigm for targeted treatment and the development of novel therapies for neuropathic pain. We present a concise review of the role of dendritic spines in neuropathic pain and outline the potential for modulation of spine dynamics by targeting two proteins, srGAP3 and Rac1, critically involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton.
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12
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Li C, Su C, Wang Z, Han R, Wang Y, Wang H, Tian J, Gao Y. WITHDRAWN: PCC-0105002, a novel small molecule inhibitor of PSD95-nNOS protein-protein interactions, attenuates neuropathic pain and corrects motor coordination-associated side effects in neuropathic pain model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020:115208. [PMID: 32828906 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Chunyu Su
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhezhe Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Rui Han
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
| | - Yonglin Gao
- School of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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13
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Benson CA, Reimer ML, Tan AM. Dendritic Spines in the Spinal Cord: Live Action Pain. Neurosci Insights 2020; 15:2633105520951164. [PMID: 32864619 PMCID: PMC7432977 DOI: 10.1177/2633105520951164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are microscopic protrusions on neurons that house the postsynaptic machinery necessary for neurotransmission between neurons. As such, dendritic spine structure is intimately linked with synaptic function. In pathology, dendritic spine behavior and its contribution to disease are not firmly understood. It is well known that dendritic spines are highly dynamic in vivo. In our recent publication, we used an intravital imaging approach, which permitted us to repeatedly visualize the same neurons located in lamina II, a nociceptive processing region of the spinal cord. Using this imaging platform, we analyzed the intravital dynamics of dendritic spine structure before and after nerve injury-induced pain. This effort revealed a time-dependent relationship between the progressive increase in pain outcome, and a switch in the steady-state fluctuations of dendritic spine structure. Collectively, our in vivo study demonstrates how injury that leads to abnormal pain may also contribute to synapse-associated structural remodeling in nociceptive regions of the spinal cord dorsal horn. By combining our live-imaging approach with measures of neuronal activity, such as with the use of calcium or other voltage-sensitive dyes, we expect to gain a more complete picture of the relationship between dendritic spine structure and nociceptive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis A Benson
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marike L Reimer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew M Tan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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14
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Spinal Wnt5a Plays a Key Role in Spinal Dendritic Spine Remodeling in Neuropathic and Inflammatory Pain Models and in the Proalgesic Effects of Peripheral Wnt3a. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6664-6677. [PMID: 32616667 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2942-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling represents a highly versatile signaling system, which plays critical roles in developmental morphogenesis as well as synaptic physiology in adult life and is implicated in a variety of neural disorders. Recently, we demonstrated that Wnt3a is able to recruit multiple noncanonical signaling pathways to alter peripheral sensory neuron function in a nociceptive modality-specific manner. Furthermore, several studies recently reported an important role for Wnt5a acting via canonical and noncanonical signaling in spinal processing of nociception in a number of pathologic pain disorders. Here, using diverse molecular, genetic, and behavioral approaches in mouse models of pain in vivo, we report a novel role for Wnt5a signaling in nociceptive modulation at the structural level. In models of chronic pain, using male and female mice, we found that Wnt5a is released spinally from peripheral sensory neurons, where it recruits the tyrosine kinase receptors Ror2 and Ryk to modulate dendritic spine rearrangement. Blocking the Wnt5a-Ryk/Ror2 axis in spinal dorsal horn neurons prevented activity-dependent dendritic spine remodeling and significantly reduced mechanical hypersensitivity induced by peripheral injury as well as inflammation. Moreover, we observed that peripheral Wnt3a signaling triggers the release of Wnt5a in the spinal cord, and inhibition of spinal Wnt5a signaling attenuates the functional impact of peripheral Wnt3a on nociceptive sensitivity. In conclusion, this study reports a novel role for the Wnt signaling axis in coordinating peripheral and spinal sensitization and shows that targeting Wnt5a-Ryk/ROR2 signaling alleviates both structural and functional mechanisms of nociceptive hypersensitivity in models of chronic pain in vivo SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is a major need to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying chronic pain disorders to develop novel therapeutic approaches. Wnt signaling represents a highly versatile signaling system, which plays critical roles during development and adult physiology, and it was implicated in several diseases, including chronic pain conditions. Using mouse models, our study identifies a novel role for Wnt5a signaling in nociceptive modulation at the spinal cord level. We observed that Wnt5a recruits Ror2 and Ryk receptors to enhance dendritic spine density, leading to nociceptive sensitization. Blocking the Wnt5a-Ryk/Ror2 interaction in the spinal dorsal horn prevented spine remodeling and significantly reduced inflammatory and neuropathic hypersensitivity. These findings provide proof-of-concept for targeting spinal Wnt signaling for alleviating nociceptive hypersensitivity in vivo.
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15
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Stratton H, Khanna R. Just in time! Identification of a novel mechanism for treating PIPN. J Physiol 2020; 598:2283-2284. [PMID: 32266977 PMCID: PMC7299801 DOI: 10.1113/jp279863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Stratton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
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16
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Kober KM, Schumacher M, Conley YP, Topp K, Mazor M, Hammer MJ, Paul SM, Levine JD, Miaskowski C. Signaling pathways and gene co-expression modules associated with cytoskeleton and axon morphology in breast cancer survivors with chronic paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Mol Pain 2020; 15:1744806919878088. [PMID: 31486345 PMCID: PMC6755139 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919878088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The major dose-limiting toxicity of paclitaxel, one of the most commonly used
drugs to treat breast cancer, is peripheral neuropathy (paclitaxel-induced
peripheral neuropathy). Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy, which
persists into survivorship, has a negative impact on patient’s mood,
functional status, and quality of life. Currently, no interventions are
available to treat paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. A critical
barrier to the development of efficacious interventions is the lack of
understanding of the mechanisms that underlie paclitaxel-induced peripheral
neuropathy. While data from preclinical studies suggest that disrupting
cytoskeleton- and axon morphology-related processes are a potential
mechanism for paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy, clinical evidence is
limited. The purpose of this study in breast cancer survivors was to
evaluate whether differential gene expression and co-expression patterns in
these pathways are associated with paclitaxel-induced peripheral
neuropathy. Methods Signaling pathways and gene co-expression modules associated with
cytoskeleton and axon morphology were identified between survivors who
received paclitaxel and did (n = 25) or did not (n = 25) develop
paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Results Pathway impact analysis identified four significantly perturbed cytoskeleton-
and axon morphology-related signaling pathways. Weighted gene co-expression
network analysis identified three co-expression modules. One module was
associated with paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy group membership.
Functional analysis found that this module was associated with four
signaling pathways and two ontology annotations related to cytoskeleton and
axon morphology. Conclusions This study, which is the first to apply systems biology approaches using
circulating whole blood RNA-seq data in a sample of breast cancer survivors
with and without chronic paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy, provides
molecular evidence that cytoskeleton- and axon morphology-related mechanisms
identified in preclinical models of various types of neuropathic pain
including chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy are found in breast
cancer survivors and suggests pathways and a module of genes for validation
and as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kord M Kober
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Schumacher
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvette P Conley
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Topp
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Mazor
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marilynn J Hammer
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven M Paul
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jon D Levine
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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17
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Dendritic Spine Dynamics after Peripheral Nerve Injury: An Intravital Structural Study. J Neurosci 2020; 40:4297-4308. [PMID: 32371602 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2858-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is an intractable medical condition with few or no options for effective treatment. Emerging evidence shows a strong structure-function relationship between dendritic spine dysgenesis and the presence of neuropathic pain. Postmortem tissue analyses can only imply dynamic structural changes associated with injury-induced pain. Here, we profiled the in vivo dynamics of dendritic spines over time on the same superficial dorsal horn (lamina II) neurons before and after peripheral nerve injury-induced pain. We used a two-photon, whole-animal imaging paradigm that permitted repeat imaging of the same dendritic branches of these neurons in C57/Bl6 Thy1-YFP male mice. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, the ongoing, steady-state changes in dendritic spine dynamics in the dorsal horn associated with peripheral nerve injury and pain. Ultimately, the relationship between altered dendritic spine dynamics and neuropathic pain may serve as a structure-based opportunity to investigate mechanisms of pain following injury and disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work is important because it demonstrates for the first time: (1) the powerful utility of intravital study of dendritic spine dynamics in the superficial dorsal horn; (2) that nerve injury-induced pain triggers changes in dendritic spine steady-state behavior in the spinal cord dorsal horn; and (3) this work opens the door to further investigations in vivo of spinal cord dendritic spine dynamics in the context of injury and disease.
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18
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Chen Z, Zhang S, Nie B, Huang J, Han Z, Chen X, Bai X, Ouyang H. Distinct roles of srGAP3‐Rac1 in the initiation and maintenance phases of neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel. J Physiol 2020; 598:2415-2430. [DOI: 10.1113/jp279525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyGuangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation. Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Department of AnesthesiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern ChinaSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
- Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Subo Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Bilin Nie
- Department of AnesthesiologyGuangdong Women and Children Hospital Guangzhou China
| | - Jingxiu Huang
- Department of AnesthesiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern ChinaSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Zhixiao Han
- Department of AnesthesiologyGuangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation. Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern ChinaSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Department of AnesthesiologyGuangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation. Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Handong Ouyang
- Department of AnesthesiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern ChinaSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
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19
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Patwa S, Benson CA, Dyer L, Olson K, Bangalore L, Hill M, Waxman SG, Tan AM. Spinal cord motor neuron plasticity accompanies second-degree burn injury and chronic pain. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14288. [PMID: 31858746 PMCID: PMC6923170 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn injuries and associated complications present a major public health challenge. Many burn patients develop clinically intractable complications, including pain and other sensory disorders. Recent evidence has shown that dendritic spine neuropathology in spinal cord sensory and motor neurons accompanies central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS) trauma and disease. However, no research has investigated similar dendritic spine neuropathologies following a cutaneous thermal burn injury. In this retrospective investigation, we analyzed dendritic spine morphology and localization in alpha-motor neurons innervating a burn-injured area of the body (hind paw). To identify a molecular regulator of these dendritic spine changes, we further profiled motor neuron dendritic spines in adult mice treated with romidepsin, a clinically approved Pak1-inhibitor, or vehicle control at two postburn time points: Day 6 immediately after treatment, or Day 10 following drug withdrawal. In control treated mice, we observed an overall increase in dendritic spine density, including structurally mature spines with mushroom-shaped morphology. Pak1-inhibitor treatment reduced injury-induced changes to similar levels observed in animals without burn injury. The effectiveness of the Pak1-inhibitor was durable, since normalized dendritic spine profiles remained as long as 4 days despite drug withdrawal. This study is the first report of evidence demonstrating that a second-degree burn injury significantly affects motor neuron structure within the spinal cord. Furthermore, our results support the opportunity to study dendritic spine dysgenesis as a novel avenue to clarify the complexities of neurological disease following traumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraj Patwa
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Rehabilitation Research CenterVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticut
| | - Curtis A. Benson
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Rehabilitation Research CenterVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticut
| | - Lauren Dyer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Rehabilitation Research CenterVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticut
| | - Kai‐Lan Olson
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Rehabilitation Research CenterVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticut
| | - Lakshmi Bangalore
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Rehabilitation Research CenterVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticut
| | - Myriam Hill
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Rehabilitation Research CenterVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticut
| | - Stephen G. Waxman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Rehabilitation Research CenterVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticut
| | - Andrew M. Tan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Rehabilitation Research CenterVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticut
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20
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Environmental enrichment improves long-term memory impairment and aberrant synaptic plasticity by BDNF/TrkB signaling in nerve-injured mice. Neurosci Lett 2019; 694:93-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Borsook D, Youssef AM, Simons L, Elman I, Eccleston C. When pain gets stuck: the evolution of pain chronification and treatment resistance. Pain 2018; 159:2421-2436. [PMID: 30234696 PMCID: PMC6240430 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is well-recognized that, despite similar pain characteristics, some people with chronic pain recover, whereas others do not. In this review, we discuss possible contributions and interactions of biological, social, and psychological perturbations that underlie the evolution of treatment-resistant chronic pain. Behavior and brain are intimately implicated in the production and maintenance of perception. Our understandings of potential mechanisms that produce or exacerbate persistent pain remain relatively unclear. We provide an overview of these interactions and how differences in relative contribution of dimensions such as stress, age, genetics, environment, and immune responsivity may produce different risk profiles for disease development, pain severity, and chronicity. We propose the concept of "stickiness" as a soubriquet for capturing the multiple influences on the persistence of pain and pain behavior, and their stubborn resistance to therapeutic intervention. We then focus on the neurobiology of reward and aversion to address how alterations in synaptic complexity, neural networks, and systems (eg, opioidergic and dopaminergic) may contribute to pain stickiness. Finally, we propose an integration of the neurobiological with what is known about environmental and social demands on pain behavior and explore treatment approaches based on the nature of the individual's vulnerability to or protection from allostatic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Borsook
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children’s (BCH), McLean and Massachusetts Hospitals (MGH), Boston MA
- Departments of Anesthesia (BCH), Psychiatry (MGH, McLean) and Radiology (MGH)
| | - Andrew M Youssef
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children’s (BCH), McLean and Massachusetts Hospitals (MGH), Boston MA
| | - Laura Simons
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - Christopher Eccleston
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, UK
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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22
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Cao XC, Pappalardo LW, Waxman SG, Tan AM. Dendritic spine dysgenesis in superficial dorsal horn sensory neurons after spinal cord injury. Mol Pain 2017; 13:1744806916688016. [PMID: 28326929 PMCID: PMC5302173 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916688016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a major complication of spinal cord injury, and despite aggressive efforts, this type of pain is refractory to available clinical treatment. Our previous work has demonstrated a structure–function link between dendritic spine dysgenesis on nociceptive sensory neurons in the intermediate zone, laminae IV/V, and chronic pain in central nervous system and peripheral nervous system injury models of neuropathic pain. To extend these findings, we performed a follow-up structural analysis to assess whether dendritic spine remodeling occurs on superficial dorsal horn neurons located in lamina II after spinal cord injury. Lamina II neurons are responsible for relaying deep, delocalized, often thermally associated pain commonly experienced in spinal cord injury pathologies. We analyzed dendritic spine morphometry and localization in tissue obtained from adult rats exhibiting neuropathic pain one-month following spinal cord injury. Although the total density of dendritic spines on lamina II neurons did not change after spinal cord injury, we observed an inverse relationship between the densities of thin- and mushroom-shaped spines: thin-spine density decreased while mushroom-spine density increased. These structural changes were specifically noted along dendritic branches within 150 µm from the soma, suggesting a possible adverse contribution to nociceptive circuit function. Intrathecal treatment with NSC23766, a Rac1-GTPase inhibitor, significantly reduced spinal cord injury-induced changes in both thin- and mushroom-shaped dendritic spines. Overall, these observations demonstrate that dendritic spine remodeling occurs in lamina II, regulated in part by the Rac1-signaling pathway, and suggests that structural abnormalities in this spinal cord region may also contribute to abnormal nociception after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu C Cao
- 1 Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,2 Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura W Pappalardo
- 1 Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,2 Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- 1 Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,2 Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew M Tan
- 1 Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,2 Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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23
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Zhong ZQ, Xiang Y, Hu X, Wang YC, Zeng X, Wang XM, Xia QJ, Wang TH, Zhang X. Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 may be an intervention target for improving sensory and locomotor functions after spinal cord contusion. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:969-976. [PMID: 28761431 PMCID: PMC5514873 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.208592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is localized on the synapse and participates in exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Decreased expression of SNAP-25 is associated with Alzheimer's disease and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, the expression of SNAP-25 in spinal cord contusion injury is still unclear. We hypothesized that SNAP-25 is associated with sensory and locomotor functions after spinal cord injury. We established rat models of spinal cord contusion injury to detect gene changes with a gene array. A decreased level of SNAP-25 was detected by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days post injury. SNAP-25 was localized in the cytoplasm of neurons of the anterior and posterior horns, which are involved in locomotor and sensory functions. Our data suggest that reduced levels of SNAP-25 are associated with sensory and locomotor functions in rats with spinal cord contusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Qiong Zhong
- Experiment Technology Center of Preclinical Medicine of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Experiment Technology Center of Preclinical Medicine of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xi Hu
- Experiment Technology Center of Preclinical Medicine of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - You-Cui Wang
- Institute of Neurological Diseases, Center for Translational Neuroscience, Western China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Experiment Technology Center of Preclinical Medicine of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Wang
- Experiment Technology Center of Preclinical Medicine of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qing-Jie Xia
- Institute of Neurological Diseases, Center for Translational Neuroscience, Western China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neurological Diseases, Center for Translational Neuroscience, Western China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Experiment Technology Center of Preclinical Medicine of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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24
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La Porta C, Lara-Mayorga I, Negrete R, Maldonado R. Effects of pregabalin on the nociceptive, emotional and cognitive manifestations of neuropathic pain in mice. Eur J Pain 2016; 20:1454-66. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. La Porta
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology; Department of Experimental and Health Science; Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - I.M. Lara-Mayorga
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology; Department of Experimental and Health Science; Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - R. Negrete
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology; Department of Experimental and Health Science; Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - R. Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology; Department of Experimental and Health Science; Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
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25
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Zhao P, Hill M, Liu S, Chen L, Bangalore L, Waxman SG, Tan AM. Dendritic spine remodeling following early and late Rac1 inhibition after spinal cord injury: evidence for a pain biomarker. J Neurophysiol 2016; 115:2893-910. [PMID: 26936986 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01057.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a significant complication following spinal cord injury (SCI) with few effective treatments. Drug development for neuropathic pain often fails because preclinical studies do not always translate well to clinical conditions. Identification of biological characteristics predictive of disease state or drug responsiveness could facilitate more effective clinical translation. Emerging evidence indicates a strong correlation between dendritic spine dysgenesis and neuropathic pain. Because dendritic spines are located on dorsal horn neurons within the spinal cord nociceptive system, dendritic spine remodeling provides a unique opportunity to understand sensory dysfunction after SCI. In this study, we provide support for the postulate that dendritic spine profiles can serve as biomarkers for neuropathic pain. We show that dendritic spine profiles after SCI change to a dysgenic state that is characteristic of neuropathic pain in a Rac1-dependent manner. Suppression of the dysgenic state through inhibition of Rac1 activity is accompanied by attenuation of neuropathic pain. Both dendritic spine dysgenesis and neuropathic pain return when inhibition of Rac1 activity is lifted. These findings suggest the utility of dendritic spines as structural biomarkers for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Myriam Hill
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shujun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lubin Chen
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lakshmi Bangalore
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andrew M Tan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
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26
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Wang Y, Lu YF, Li CL, Sun W, Li Z, Wang RR, He T, Yang F, Yang Y, Wang XL, Guan SM, Chen J. Involvement of Rac1 signalling pathway in the development and maintenance of acute inflammatory pain induced by bee venom injection. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:937-50. [PMID: 26700000 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Rho GTPase, Rac1, is involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain induced by malformation of dendritic spines in the spinal dorsal horn (sDH) neurons. In the present study, the contribution of spinal Rac1 to peripheral inflammatory pain was studied. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of s.c. bee venom (BV) injection on cellular localization of Rac1 in the rat sDH was determined with double labelling immunofluorescence. Activation of Rac1 and its downstream effector p21-activated kinase (PAK), ERKs and p38 MAPK in inflammatory pain states was evaluated with a pull-down assay and Western blotting. The preventive and therapeutic analgesic effects of intrathecal administration of NSC23766, a selective inhibitor of Rac1, on BV-induced spontaneous nociception and pain hypersensitivity were investigated. KEY RESULTS Rac1 labelling was mainly localized within neurons in both the superficial and deep layers of the sDH in rats of naïve, vehicle-treated and inflamed (BV injected) groups. GTP-Rac1-PAK and ERKs/p38 were activated following s.c. BV injection. Post-treatment with intrathecal NSC23766 significantly inhibited GTP-Rac1 activity and phosphorylation of Rac1-PAK, ERKs and p38 MAPK in the sDH. Both pre-treatment and post-treatment with intrathecal NSC23766 dose-dependently attenuated the paw flinches, primary thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia and the mirror-image thermal hyperalgesia induced by BV injection, but without affecting the baseline pain sensitivity and motor coordination. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The spinal GTP-Rac1-PAK-ERK/p38MAPK signalling pathway is involved in both the development and maintenance of peripheral inflammatory pain and can be used as a potential molecular target for developing a novel therapeutic strategy for clinical pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yun-Fei Lu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Ting He
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Su-Min Guan
- School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
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