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Chang KH, Cheng ML, Lo CJ, Fan CM, Wu YR, Chen CM. Alternations of Lipoprotein Profiles in the Plasma as Biomarkers of Huntington's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030385. [PMID: 36766727 PMCID: PMC9913722 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in lipid composition and disturbed lipoprotein metabolism are involved in the pathomechanism of Huntington's disease (HD). Here, we measured 112 lipoprotein subfractions and components in the plasma of 20 normal controls, 24 symptomatic (sympHD) and 9 presymptomatic (preHD) HD patients. Significant changes were found in 30 lipoprotein subfractions and components in all HD patients. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (CH), apolipoprotein (Apo)B, ApoB-particle number (PN), and components of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were lower in preHD and sympHD patients. Components of LDL4, LDL5, LDL6 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)4 demonstrated lower levels in preHD and sympHD patients compared with controls. Components in LDL3 displayed lower levels in sympHD compared with the controls, whereas components in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)5 were higher in sympHD patients compared to the controls. The levels of components in HDL4 and VLDL5 demonstrated correlation with the scores of motor assessment, independence scale or functional capacity of Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale. These findings indicate the potential of components of VLDL5, LDL3, LDL4, LDL5 and HDL4 to serve as the biomarkers for HD diagnosis and disease progression, and demonstrate substantial evidence of the involvement of lipids and apolipoproteins in HD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Fan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8729); Fax: +886-3-3288849
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Huang JK, Lee HC. Emerging Evidence of Pathological Roles of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084300. [PMID: 35457118 PMCID: PMC9031540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Embraced with apolipoproteins (Apo) B and Apo E, triglyceride-enriched very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is secreted by the liver into circulation, mainly during post-meal hours. Here, we present a brief review of the physiological role of VLDL and a systemic review of the emerging evidence supporting its pathological roles. VLDL promotes atherosclerosis in metabolic syndrome (MetS). VLDL isolated from subjects with MetS exhibits cytotoxicity to atrial myocytes, induces atrial myopathy, and promotes vulnerability to atrial fibrillation. VLDL levels are affected by a number of endocrinological disorders and can be increased by therapeutic supplementation with cortisol, growth hormone, progesterone, and estrogen. VLDL promotes aldosterone secretion, which contributes to hypertension. VLDL induces neuroinflammation, leading to cognitive dysfunction. VLDL levels are also correlated with chronic kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, and some dermatological diseases. The extra-hepatic secretion of VLDL derived from intestinal dysbiosis is suggested to be harmful. Emerging evidence suggests disturbed VLDL metabolism in sleep disorders and in cancer development and progression. In addition to VLDL, the VLDL receptor (VLDLR) may affect both VLDL metabolism and carcinogenesis. Overall, emerging evidence supports the pathological roles of VLDL in multi-organ diseases. To better understand the fundamental mechanisms of how VLDL promotes disease development, elucidation of the quality control of VLDL and of the regulation and signaling of VLDLR should be indispensable. With this, successful VLDL-targeted therapies can be discovered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Kai Huang
- Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 7741)
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An K, Guo P, Zhang H, Zhu W, Cao W, Shi J, Wang S. Decreased Plasma Level of Lipoprotein Lipase Predicted Verbal Disfluency in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Early Cognitive Deficits. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 18:656-666. [PMID: 34551696 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666210922105850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) is the rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of triglycerides and contributes to the amyloid-β formation, which shows promise as a pathological factor of cognitive decline in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the pathogenetic roles of LPL and rs328 polymorphism in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in patients with T2DM. METHODS Chinese patients with T2DM were recruited and divided into two groups based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score. Demographic data were collected, LPL was measured and neuropsychological test results were examined. RESULTS Seventy-nine patients with diabetes and MCI had significantly decreased plasma LPL levels (p = 0.007) when compared with health-cognition controls (n = 91). Correlation analysis revealed that LPL was positively correlated with clock drawing test (r = 0.158, p = 0.043) and logical memory test (r = 0.162, p = 0.037), while lipoprotein a (r = -0.214, p = 0.006) was inversely associated with LPL. Logistic regression analysis further demonstrated that LPL concentration was an independent factor for diabetic MCI (p = 0.036). No significant differences were observed in the distributions of rs328 variants between patients with MCI and the controls. Moreover, no remarkable association was found among plasma LPL levels, cognitive performances, and lipid levels between the genotypic subgroups. The trail making test A was increased in the GC group when compared with the CC genotype in the control group. CONCLUSION Decreased plasma level of LPL could probably predict early cognitive deficits, especially verbal disfluency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke An
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Changlu Street Community Health Service Center, No. 68 Bai Yu Road, Nanjing, 211512, China
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenwen Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wuyou Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jijing Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Folick A, Koliwad SK, Valdearcos M. Microglial Lipid Biology in the Hypothalamic Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:668396. [PMID: 34122343 PMCID: PMC8191416 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.668396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, myeloid cells help maintain the homeostasis of peripheral metabolic tissues, and their immunologic dysregulation contributes to the progression of obesity and associated metabolic disease. There is accumulating evidence that innate immune cells also serve as functional regulators within the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), a critical brain region controlling both energy and glucose homeostasis. Specifically, microglia, the resident parenchymal myeloid cells of the CNS, play important roles in brain physiology and pathology. Recent studies have revealed an expanding array of microglial functions beyond their established roles as immune sentinels, including roles in brain development, circuit refinement, and synaptic organization. We showed that microglia modulate MBH function by transmitting information resulting from excess nutrient consumption. For instance, microglia can sense the excessive consumption of saturated fats and instruct neurons within the MBH accordingly, leading to responsive alterations in energy balance. Interestingly, the recent emergence of high-resolution single-cell techniques has enabled specific microglial populations and phenotypes to be profiled in unprecedented detail. Such techniques have highlighted specific subsets of microglia notable for their capacity to regulate the expression of lipid metabolic genes, including lipoprotein lipase (LPL), apolipoprotein E (APOE) and Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2). The discovery of this transcriptional signature highlights microglial lipid metabolism as a determinant of brain health and disease pathogenesis, with intriguing implications for the treatment of brain disorders and potentially metabolic disease. Here we review our current understanding of how changes in microglial lipid metabolism could influence the hypothalamic control of systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Folick
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Suneil K. Koliwad
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Martin Valdearcos
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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D. Bruce K, Tang M, Reigan P, H. Eckel R. Genetic Variants of Lipoprotein Lipase and Regulatory Factors Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218338. [PMID: 33172164 PMCID: PMC7664401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. The canonical role of LPL involves the hydrolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins for the provision of FFAs to metabolic tissues. However, LPL may also contribute to lipoprotein uptake by acting as a molecular bridge between lipoproteins and cell surface receptors. Recent studies have shown that LPL is abundantly expressed in the brain and predominantly expressed in the macrophages and microglia of the human and murine brain. Moreover, recent findings suggest that LPL plays a direct role in microglial function, metabolism, and phagocytosis of extracellular factors such as amyloid- beta (Aβ). Although the precise function of LPL in the brain remains to be determined, several studies have implicated LPL variants in Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. For example, while mutations shown to have a deleterious effect on LPL function and expression (e.g., N291S, HindIII, and PvuII) have been associated with increased AD risk, a mutation associated with increased bridging function (S447X) may be protective against AD. Recent studies have also shown that genetic variants in endogenous LPL activators (ApoC-II) and inhibitors (ApoC-III) can increase and decrease AD risk, respectively, consistent with the notion that LPL may play a protective role in AD pathogenesis. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of LPL structure and function, which largely point to a protective role of functional LPL in AD neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley D. Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.T.); (R.H.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maoping Tang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.T.); (R.H.E.)
| | - Philip Reigan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Robert H. Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.T.); (R.H.E.)
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Wang S, Que R, Zhao W, An L. Exploration of the Molecular Mechanism for Lipoprotein Lipase Expression Variations in SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to Different Doses of Amyloid-Beta Protein. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:132. [PMID: 32477101 PMCID: PMC7235190 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in the brain is a characteristic pathological change in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously found the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was increased in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to low-dose Aβ and decreased in cells with high-dose Aβ exposure, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Based on previous studies, the opposite regulation of histone deacetylase2 (HDAC2) and HDAC3 on LPL expression probably explain the above molecular mechanism, in which microRNA-29a and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) may be involved. This study further revealed the mechanism of HDAC2 and HDAC3 on conversely regulating LPL expression. The results showed that HDAC2 down-regulated microRNA-29a by decreasing histone acetylation (Ace-H3K9) level in its promoter region, subsequently increasing LPL expression directly or through PPARγ/LPL pathway; HDAC3 decreased LPL expression through inhibiting Ace-H3K9 levels in LPL and PPARγ promoter regions and up-regulating microRNA-29a. This study also found that with increasing concentrations of Aβ in cells, HDAC2 and HDAC3 expression were gradually increased, and Ace-H3K9 levels in LPL and PPARγ promoter region regulated by HDAC3 were decreased correspondingly, while Ace-H3K9 levels in microRNA-29a promoter region modulated by HDAC2 were not decreased gradually but presented a U-shaped trend. These may lead to the results that a U-shaped alteration in microRNA-29a expression, subsequently leading to an inverse U-shaped alteration in PPARγ or LPL expression. In conclusion, HDAC2 and HDAC3 at least partly mediate LPL expression variations in different concentrations of Aβ exposed SH-SY5Y cells, in which microRNA-29a and PPARγ are involved, and the histone acetylation level in microRNA-29a promoter region plays a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yufan Liu
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sihui Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ran Que
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li An
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Loving BA, Bruce KD. Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism in Microglia. Front Physiol 2020; 11:393. [PMID: 32411016 PMCID: PMC7198855 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, once viewed as static bystanders with limited homeostatic functions, are now considered key players in the development of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglial activation is a salient feature of neuroinflammation involving a dynamic process that generates multitudinous microglial phenotypes that can respond to a variety of situational cues in the central nervous system. Recently, a flurry of single cell RNA-sequencing studies have defined microglial phenotypes in unprecedented detail, and have highlighted robust changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Increased expression of genes such as Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) and Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) in microglia during development, damage, and disease, suggest that increased lipid metabolism is needed to fuel protective cellular functions such as phagocytosis. This review describes our current understanding of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in microglia, and highlights microglial lipid metabolism as a modifiable target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey A. Loving
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kimberley D. Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Alam J, Sharma L. Potential Enzymatic Targets in Alzheimer's: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:316-339. [PMID: 30124150 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180820104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's, a degenerative cause of the brain cells, is called as a progressive neurodegenerative disease and appears to have a heterogeneous etiology with main emphasis on amyloid-cascade and hyperphosphorylated tau-cascade hypotheses, that are directly linked with macromolecules called enzymes such as β- & γ-secretases, colinesterases, transglutaminases, and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3), cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk-5), microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK). The catalytic activity of the above enzymes is the result of cognitive deficits, memory impairment and synaptic dysfunction and loss, and ultimately neuronal death. However, some other enzymes also lead to these dysfunctional events when reduced to their normal activities and levels in the brain, such as α- secretase, protein kinase C, phosphatases etc; metabolized to neurotransmitters, enzymes like monoamine oxidase (MAO), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) etc. or these abnormalities can occur when enzymes act by other mechanisms such as phosphodiesterase reduces brain nucleotides (cGMP and cAMP) levels, phospholipase A2: PLA2 is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production etc. On therapeutic fronts, several significant clinical trials are underway by targeting different enzymes for development of new therapeutics to treat Alzheimer's, such as inhibitors for β-secretase, GSK-3, MAO, phosphodiesterase, PLA2, cholinesterases etc, modulators of α- & γ-secretase activities and activators for protein kinase C, sirtuins etc. The last decades have perceived an increasing focus on findings and search for new putative and novel enzymatic targets for Alzheimer's. Here, we review the functions, pathological roles, and worth of almost all the Alzheimer's associated enzymes that address to therapeutic strategies and preventive approaches for treatment of Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Alam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., Pin 173229, India
| | - Lalit Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., Pin 173229, India
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Tabikhanova LE, Osipova LP, Voronina EN, Bragin AO, Filipenko ML. Polymorphism of lipid exchange genes in some populations of South and East Siberia. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2020. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. E. Tabikhanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University
| | - L. P. Osipova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University
| | - E. N. Voronina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University
| | | | - M. L. Filipenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lipoprotein lipase (LpL) is well known for its lipolytic action in blood lipoprotein triglyceride catabolism. This article summarizes the recent mechanistic and molecular studies on elucidating the 'unconventional' roles of LpL in mediating biological events related to immune cell response and lipid transport in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and tissue degenerative disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Several approaches to inactivate the inhibitors that block LpL enzymatic activity have reestablished the importance of systemic LpL activity in reducing CVD risk. On the other hand, increasing evidence suggests that focal arterial expression of LpL relates to aortic macrophage levels and inflammatory processes. In the hematopoietic origin, LpL also plays a role in modulating hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and circulating blood cell levels and phenotypes. Finally, building upon the strong genetic evidence on the association with assorted brain disorders, a new era in exploring the mechanistic insights into the functions and activity of LpL in brain that impacts central nerve systems has begun. SUMMARY A better understanding of the molecular action of LpL will help to devise novel strategies for intervention of a number of diseases, including blood cell or metabolic disorders, as well to inhibit pathways related to CVD and tissue degenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchun L Chang
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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He PP, Jiang T, OuYang XP, Liang YQ, Zou JQ, Wang Y, Shen QQ, Liao L, Zheng XL. Lipoprotein lipase: Biosynthesis, regulatory factors, and its role in atherosclerosis and other diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 480:126-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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