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Yang CH, Ho YH, Tang HY, Lo CJ. NMR-Based Analysis of Plasma Lipoprotein Subclass and Lipid Composition Demonstrate the Different Dietary Effects in ApoE-Deficient Mice. Molecules 2024; 29:988. [PMID: 38474500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma lipid levels are commonly measured using traditional methods such as triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and cholesterol (CH). However, the use of newer technologies, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with post-analysis platforms, has made it easier to assess lipoprotein profiles in research. In this study involving ApoE-deficient mice that were fed high-fat diets, significant changes were observed in TG, CH, free cholesterol (FC), and phospholipid (PL) levels within the LDL fraction. The varied proportions of TG in wild-type mice and CH, FC, and PL in ApoE-/- mice were strikingly different in very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), LDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and HDL. This comprehensive analysis expands our understanding of lipoprotein subfractions and the impacts of the APOE protein and high-fat diet in mouse models. The new testing method allows for a complete assessment of plasma lipids and their correlation with genetic background and diet in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
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Lin WC, Hsieh YY, Ho PR, Zeng RJ, Hsieh CT, Chang MC, Yeh CW, Lo CJ, Cheng ML, Liao CH. Rapid and Direct Detection of Trimethylamine N-oxide Using an Off-Chip Capacitance Biosensor with Readout SoC for Early-Stage Thrombosis and Cardiovascular Disease. ACS Sens 2024; 9:638-645. [PMID: 38350035 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
A demonstration of an off-chip capacitance array sensor with a limit of detection of 1 μM trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) to diagnose a chronic metabolism disease in urine is presented. The improved Cole-Cole model is employed to determine the parameters of R_catalyzed, C_catalyzed, and Rp_catalyzed, enabling the prediction of the catalytic resistance of enzyme, reduction effects of the analyte, and characterize the small signal alternating current properties of ionic strength caused by catalysis. Based on the standard solutions, we investigate the effects of pixel geometry parameters, driving electrode width, and sensing electrode width on the electrical field change of the off-chip capacitance sensor; the proposed off-chip sensor with readout system-on-chip exhibits a high sensitivity of 21 analog-to-digital converter counts/μM TMAO (or 2.5 mV/μM TMAO), response time of 1 s, repetition of 98.9%, and drift over time of 0.5 mV. The proposed off-chip sensor effectively discriminates TMAO in a phosphate-buffered saline solution based on minute changes in capacitance induced by the TorA enzyme, resulting in a discernible 2.15% distinction. These measurements have been successfully corroborated using the conventional cyclic voltammetry method, demonstrating a mere 0.024% variance. The off-chip sensor is crafted with a specific focus on detecting TMAO, achieved by excluding any reduction reactions between the TMAO-specific enzyme TorA and the compounds creatine and creatinine present in urine. This deliberate omission ensures that the sensor's attention remains solely on TMAO, thereby enhancing its precision in achieving accurate and reliable TMAO detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Trauma and Emergency, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Ru Ho
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jie Zeng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chiu Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Yeh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory,Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory,Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Liao
- Department of Trauma and Emergency, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko 33302, Taiwan
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Ho HY, Chen YH, Lo CJ, Tang HY, Chang SW, Fan CM, Ho YH, Lin G, Chiu CY, Lin CM, Cheng ML. Combined Plasma DHA-Containing Phosphatidylcholine PCaa C38:6 and Tetradecanoyl-Carnitine as an Early Biomarker for Assessing the Mortality Risk among Sarcopenic Patients. Nutrients 2024; 16:611. [PMID: 38474739 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The coming of the hyper-aged society in Taiwan prompts us to investigate the relationship between the metabolic status of sarcopenic patients and their most adverse outcome-death. We studied the association between any plasma metabolites and the risk for mortality among older Taiwanese sarcopenic patients. We applied a targeted metabolomic approach to study the plasma metabolites of adults aged ≥65 years, and identified the metabolic signature predictive of the mortality of sarcopenic patients who died within a 5.5-year follow-up period. Thirty-five sarcopenic patients who died within the follow-up period (Dead cohort) had shown a specific plasma metabolic signature, as compared with 54 patients who were alive (Alive cohort). Only 10 of 116 non-sarcopenic individuals died during the same period. After multivariable adjustment, we found that sex, hypertension, tetradecanoyl-carnitine (C14-carnitine), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-containing phosphatidylcholine diacyl (PCaa) C38:6 and C40:6 were important risk factors for the mortality of sarcopenic patients. Low PCaa C38:6 levels and high C14-carnitine levels correlated with an increased mortality risk; this was even the same for those patients with hypertension (HTN). Our findings suggest that plasma PCaa C38:6 and acylcarnitine C14-carnitine, when combined, can be a better early biomarker for evaluating the mortality risk of sarcopenia patients.
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Grants
- BMRP819, BMRP564, CMRPD1L0161, CMRPD1L0162, CMRPD1M0351, CMRPD1J0263, CMRPD1M0341 and CLRPG3K0023 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- 110-2320-B-182-017-MY3 and 111-2320-B-182-011 National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan region)
- EMRPD1K0441, EMRPD1K0481, and EMRPD1L0421 Ministry of Education (Taiwan region)
- MOST 111-2634-F-182-001 The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE)(Taiwan region) and the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)(Taiwan region)
- CMRPD1M0352, CMRPD1N0151, CMRPD1M0342, CMRPD1N0071,112-2320-B-182-020-MY3 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yao Ho
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ho Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Su-Wei Chang
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, College of Intelligent Computing, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Fan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Gigin Lin
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Chiu
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Lin
- Division of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taipei, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Department of Health Management, Chang Gung Health and Culture Village, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Chou TH, Cheng CH, Lo CJ, Young GH, Liu SH, Wang RYL. New Advances in Rapid Pretreatment for Small Dense LDL Cholesterol Measurement Using Shear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave (SH-SAW) Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1044. [PMID: 38256117 PMCID: PMC10816817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the arteries associated with alterations in lipid and other metabolism and is a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). LDL consists of several subclasses with different sizes, densities, and physicochemical compositions. Small dense LDL (sd-LDL) is a subclass of LDL. There is growing evidence that sd-LDL-C is associated with CVD risk, metabolic dysregulation, and several pathophysiological processes. In this study, we present a straightforward membrane device filtration method that can be performed with simple laboratory methods to directly determine sd-LDL in serum without the need for specialized equipment. The method consists of three steps: first, the precipitation of lipoproteins with magnesium harpin; second, the collection of effluent from a 100 nm filter; and third, the quantification of sd-LDL-ApoB in the effluent with an SH-SAW biosensor. There was a good correlation between ApoB values obtained using the centrifugation (y = 1.0411x + 12.96, r = 0.82, n = 20) and filtration (y = 1.0633x + 15.13, r = 0.88, n = 20) methods and commercially available sd-LDL-C assay values. In addition to the filtrate method, there was also a close correlation between sd-LDL-C and ELISA assay values (y = 1.0483x - 4489, r = 0.88, n = 20). The filtration treatment method also showed a high correlation with LDL subfractions and NMR spectra ApoB measurements (y = 2.4846x + 4.637, r = 0.89, n = 20). The presence of sd-LDL-ApoB in the effluent was also confirmed by ELISA assay. These results suggest that this filtration method is a simple and promising pretreatment for use with the SH-SAW biosensor as a rapid in vitro diagnostic (IVD) method for predicting sd-LDL concentrations. Overall, we propose a very sensitive and specific SH-SAW biosensor with the ApoB antibody in its sensitive region to monitor sd-LDL levels by employing a simple delay-time phase shifted SH-SAW device. In conclusion, based on the demonstration of our study, the SH-SAW biosensor could be a strong candidate for the future measurement of sd-LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Hua Chou
- Biotechnology Industry Master and PhD Program, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (G.-H.Y.)
| | - Chia-Hsuan Cheng
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-shi 432-8561, Japan;
- tst Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd., Taoyuan 324403, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Huar Young
- Biotechnology Industry Master and PhD Program, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (G.-H.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Heng Liu
- Biotechnology Industry Master and PhD Program, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (G.-H.Y.)
- tst Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd., Taoyuan 324403, Taiwan
| | - Robert Y-L Wang
- Biotechnology Industry Master and PhD Program, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (G.-H.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial and Children’s Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
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Lo CJ, Lin CM, Fan CM, Tang HY, Liu HF, Ho HY, Cheng ML. Plasma acylcarnitine in elderly Taiwanese: as biomarkers of possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:769. [PMID: 37993772 PMCID: PMC10666394 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is defined as the disease of muscle loss and dysfunction. The prevalence of sarcopenia is strongly age-dependent. It could bring about disability, hospitalization, and mortality. The purpose of this study was to identify plasma metabolites associated with possible sarcopenia and muscle function to improve disease monitoring and understand the mechanism of muscle strength and function decline. METHODS The participants were a group of healthy older adult who live in retirement homes in Asia (Taiwan) and can manage their daily lives without assistance. The participants were enrolled and divided into four groups: control (Con, n = 57); low physical function (LPF, n = 104); sarcopenia (S, n = 63); and severe sarcopenia (SS, n = 65) according to Asian countries that used Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. The plasma metabolites were used and the results were calculated as the difference between the control and other groups. RESULTS Clinical parameters, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), hand grip strength (HGS), gait speed (GS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), hemoglobin, and hematocrit were significantly different between the control and LPF groups. Metabolite patterns of LPF, S, and SS were explored in our study. Plasma kynurenine (KYN) and acylcarnitines (C0, C4, C6, and C18:1-OH) were identified with higher concentrations in older Taiwanese adults with possible sarcopenia and S compared to the Con group. After multivariable adjustment, the data indicate that age, BMI, and butyrylcarnitine (C4) are more important factors to identify individuals with low physical function and sarcopenia. CONCLUSION This metabolomic study raises the importance of acylcarnitines on muscle mass and function. It suggests that age, BMI, BUN, KYN, and C4/Cr can be important evaluation markers for LPF (AUC: 0.766), S (AUC: 0.787), and SS (AUC: 0.919).
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Grants
- BMRP819, BMRP564, CMRPD1H0201, CMRPD1H0202, CMRPD1J0341, CMRPD1H0511, CMRPD1J0261, CMRPD1M0341 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- 111-2320-B-182-011 Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan
- EMRPD1G0251, EMRPD1H0401, EMRPD1I0501, EMRPD1I0461, EMRPD1M0421 Ministry of Education in Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Lin
- Division of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 105, Taiwan
- Department of Health Management, Chang Gung Health and Culture Village, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Fan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Han-Fang Liu
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yao Ho
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
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Liu FC, Cheng ML, Lo CJ, Hsu WC, Lin G, Lin HT. Exploring the aging process of cognitively healthy adults by analyzing cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:217. [PMID: 37020298 PMCID: PMC10077689 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During biological aging, significant metabolic dysregulation in the central nervous system may lead to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. However, the metabolomics of the aging process in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has not been thoroughly explored. METHODS In this cohort study of CSF metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), fasting CSF samples collected from 92 cognitively unimpaired adults aged 20-87 years without obesity or diabetes were analyzed. RESULTS We identified 37 metabolites in these CSF samples with significant positive correlations with aging, including cysteine, pantothenic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), aspartic acid, and glutamate; and two metabolites with negative correlations, asparagine and glycerophosphocholine. The combined alterations of asparagine, cysteine, glycerophosphocholine, pantothenic acid, sucrose, and 5-HIAA showed a superior correlation with aging (AUC = 0.982). These age-correlated changes in CSF metabolites might reflect blood-brain barrier breakdown, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging brain. We also found sex differences in CSF metabolites with higher levels of taurine and 5-HIAA in women using propensity-matched comparison. CONCLUSIONS Our LC-MS metabolomics of the aging process in a Taiwanese population revealed several significantly altered CSF metabolites during aging and between the sexes. These metabolic alterations in CSF might provide clues for healthy brain aging and deserve further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuin Hsu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Gigin Lin
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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Chang KH, Cheng ML, Lo CJ, Fan CM, Wu YR, Chen CM. Alternations of Lipoprotein Profiles in the Plasma as Biomarkers of Huntington's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030385. [PMID: 36766727 PMCID: PMC9913722 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in lipid composition and disturbed lipoprotein metabolism are involved in the pathomechanism of Huntington's disease (HD). Here, we measured 112 lipoprotein subfractions and components in the plasma of 20 normal controls, 24 symptomatic (sympHD) and 9 presymptomatic (preHD) HD patients. Significant changes were found in 30 lipoprotein subfractions and components in all HD patients. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (CH), apolipoprotein (Apo)B, ApoB-particle number (PN), and components of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were lower in preHD and sympHD patients. Components of LDL4, LDL5, LDL6 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)4 demonstrated lower levels in preHD and sympHD patients compared with controls. Components in LDL3 displayed lower levels in sympHD compared with the controls, whereas components in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)5 were higher in sympHD patients compared to the controls. The levels of components in HDL4 and VLDL5 demonstrated correlation with the scores of motor assessment, independence scale or functional capacity of Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale. These findings indicate the potential of components of VLDL5, LDL3, LDL4, LDL5 and HDL4 to serve as the biomarkers for HD diagnosis and disease progression, and demonstrate substantial evidence of the involvement of lipids and apolipoproteins in HD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Fan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8729); Fax: +886-3-3288849
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Lin HT, Cheng ML, Lo CJ, Lin G, Liu FC. Metabolomic Signature of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2626. [PMID: 36359470 PMCID: PMC9689120 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major cause of end stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The subtle metabolic changes in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) might precede the development of DKD by years. In this longitudinal study, CSF and plasma samples were collected from 28 patients with T2DM and 25 controls, during spinal anesthesia for elective surgery in 2017. These samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in 2017, and the results were correlated with current DKD in 2017, and the development of new-onset DKD, in 2021. Comparing patients with T2DM having new-onset DKD with those without DKD, revealed significantly increased CSF tryptophan and plasma uric acid levels, whereas phosphatidylcholine 36:4 was lower. The altered metabolites in the current DKD cases were uric acid and paraxanthine in the CSF and uric acid, L-acetylcarnitine, bilirubin, and phosphatidylethanolamine 38:4 in the plasma. These metabolic alterations suggest the defective mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and purine and phospholipid metabolism in patients with DKD. A correlation analysis found CSF uric acid had an independent positive association with the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. In conclusion, these identified CSF and plasma biomarkers of DKD in diabetic patients, might be valuable for monitoring the DKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Tang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Gigin Lin
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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9
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Huang YH, Wu YH, Tang HY, Chen ST, Wang CC, Ho WJ, Lin YH, Liu GH, Lin PY, Lo CJ, Yeh YM, Cheng ML. Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids Mediate the Clinical Benefits of YH1 in Male Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Observational Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091857. [PMID: 36145605 PMCID: PMC9505101 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous clinical trial showed that a novel concentrated herbal extract formula, YH1 (Rhizoma coptidis and Shen-Ling-Bai-Zhu-San), improved blood glucose and lipid control. This pilot observational study investigated whether YH1 affects microbiota, plasma, and fecal bile acid (BA) compositions in ten untreated male patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), hyperlipidemia, and a body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2. Stool and plasma samples were collected for microbiome, BA, and biochemical analyses before and after 4 weeks of YH1 therapy. As previous studies found, the glycated albumin, 2-h postprandial glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly improved after YH1 treatment. Gut microbiota revealed an increased abundance of the short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria Anaerostipes and Escherichia/Shigella. Furthermore, YH1 inhibited specific phylotypes of bile salt hydrolase-expressing bacteria, including Parabacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides caccae. Stool tauro-conjugated BA levels increased after YH1 treatment. Plasma total BAs and 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4), a BA synthesis indicator, were elevated. The reduced deconjugation of BAs and increased plasma conjugated BAs, especially tauro-conjugated BAs, led to a decreased glyco- to tauro-conjugated BA ratio and reduced unconjugated secondary BAs. These results suggest that YH1 ameliorates T2D and hyperlipidemia by modulating microbiota constituents that alter fecal and plasma BA compositions and promote liver cholesterol-to-BA conversion and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Tah Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jing Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Geng-Hao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yeh Lin
- Department of Medical Nutrition Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ming Yeh
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.Y.); (M.-L.C.)
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.Y.); (M.-L.C.)
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10
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Wu IW, Tsai TH, Lo CJ, Chou YJ, Yeh CH, Cheng ML, Lai CC, Sytwu HK, Tsai TF. Discovery of a Biomarker Signature That Reveals a Molecular Mechanism Underlying Diabetic Kidney Disease via Organ Cross Talk. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:e102-e104. [PMID: 35546525 PMCID: PMC9210869 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Wen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chou
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiao Yeh
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Lai
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Department & Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Lin HT, Cheng ML, Lo CJ, Hsu WC, Lin G, Liu FC. 1H NMR metabolomic profiling of human cerebrospinal fluid in aging process. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:12495-12508. [PMID: 34956468 PMCID: PMC8661231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The molecular process of biological aging might be accompanied by significant metabolic derangement, especially in the central nervous system (CNS), since the brain has an enormous energy demand. However, the metabolic signature of the aging process in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has not been thoroughly investigated, especially in the Asian population. In this prospective cohort study on CSF metabolomics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, fasting CSF samples from 75 cognitively unimpaired patients aged 20-92 years without diabetes or obesity, undergoing spinal anesthesia for elective surgery were analyzed. Several metabolites in CSF samples were identified as having a significant association with the aging process in cerebral circulation; among the metabolites, the levels of alanine, citrate, creatinine, lactate, leucine, tyrosine, and valine significantly increased in old patients compared to those in young patients. The combined CSF metabolite alterations in citrate, lactate, leucine, tyrosine, and valine had a superior correlation with the aging process in all age groups. In conclusion, our pilot study of aging CSF metabolomics in the Taiwanese population presents significantly altered CSF metabolites with potential relevance to the aging process. These metabolic alterations in CSF samples might imply increasing anaerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and decreasing glucose utilization in cerebral circulation in aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Tang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuin Hsu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Gigin Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Phenome Center, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
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12
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Chang-Chien J, Huang HY, Tsai HJ, Lo CJ, Lin WC, Tseng YL, Wang SL, Ho HY, Cheng ML, Yao TC. Metabolomic differences of exhaled breath condensate among children with and without asthma. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:264-272. [PMID: 32920883 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There remains an unmet need in objective tests for diagnosing asthma in children. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of metabolomic profiles of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) to discriminate stable asthma in Asian children in the community. METHODS One hundred and sixty-five Asian children (92 stable asthma and 73 non-asthmatic controls) participating in a population-based cohort were enrolled and divided into training and validation sets. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic profiles of EBC samples were analyzed by using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. RESULTS EBC metabolomic signature (lactate, formate, butyrate, and isobutyrate) had an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.826 in discriminating children with and without asthma in the training set, which significantly outperformed FeNO (AUC = 0.574; P < .001) and FEV1 /FVC % predicted (AUC = 0.569; P < .001). The AUC for EBC metabolomic signature was 0.745 in the validation set, which was slightly but not significantly lower than in the testing set (P = .282). We further extrapolated two potentially involved metabolic pathways, including pyruvate (P = 1.67 × 10-3 ; impact: 0.14) and methane (P = 1.89 × 10-3 ; impact: 0.15), as the most likely divergent metabolisms between children with and without asthma. CONCLUSION This study provided evidence supporting the role of EBC metabolomic signature to discriminate stable asthma in Asian children in the community, with a discriminative property outperforming conventional clinical tests such as FeNO or spirometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Chang-Chien
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Huang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Lin
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Tseng
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ling Wang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yao Ho
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Yao
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
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13
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Tsai HI, Lo CJ, Lee CW, Lin JR, Lee WC, Ho HY, Tsai CY, Cheng ML, Yu HP. A panel of biomarkers in the prediction for early allograft dysfunction and mortality after living donor liver transplantation. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:372-382. [PMID: 33527031 PMCID: PMC7847515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) is associated with graft failure and mortality after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). In this study, we report biomarkers superior to other conventional clinical markers in the prediction of EAD and all-cause in-hospital mortality in LDLT patient cohort. Blood samples of living donor liver transplant recipients were collected on postoperative day 1 and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Significant metabolites associated with the prediction of EAD were identified using orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). A few lipids, more specifically, lysoPC (16:0), PC (18:0/20:5), betaine and palmitic acid (C16:0) were found to effectively differentiate EAD from non-EAD on postoperative day 1. A combination of these four metabolites showed an AUC of 0.821, which was further improved to 0.846 by the addition of a clinical parameter, total bilirubin. The panel exhibits a high prognostic accuracy in prediction of all-cause in-hospital mortality and mortality within 7 postoperative days with AUCs of 0.843 and 0.954. These results show the combination of metabolomics-derived biomarkers and clinical parameters demonstrates the power of panels in diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of LDLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-I Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Lee
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Rung Lin
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lee
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Liver and Transplantation Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yao Ho
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
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14
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Lo CJ, Ko YS, Chang SW, Tang HY, Huang CY, Huang YC, Ho HY, Lin CM, Cheng ML. Metabolic signatures of muscle mass loss in an elderly Taiwanese population. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:944-956. [PMID: 33410783 PMCID: PMC7834982 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To identify the association between metabolites and muscle mass in 305 elderly Taiwanese subjects, we conducted a multivariate analysis of 153 plasma samples. Based on appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) quartiles, female and male participants were divided into four groups. Quartile 4 (Men: 5.67±0.35, Women: 4.70±0.32 Kg/m2) and quartile 1 (Men: 7.60±0.29, Women: 6.56±0.53 Kg/m2) represented low muscle mass and control groups, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, except for physical function, we found that blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and age were associated with ASMI in men. However, only triglyceride level was related to ASMI in women. The multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze in each baseline characteristic and metabolite concentration. After the adjustment, we identify amino acid-related metabolites and show that glutamate levels in women and alpha-aminoadipate, Dopa, and citrulline/ornithine levels in men are gender-specific metabolic signatures of muscle mass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shien Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Su-Wei Chang
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Huang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yao Ho
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Lin
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Division of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan.,Department of Health Management, Chang Gung Health and Culture Village, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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15
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Tang HY, Wang CH, Ho HY, Lin JF, Lo CJ, Huang CY, Cheng ML. Characteristic of Metabolic Status in Heart Failure and Its Impact in Outcome Perspective. Metabolites 2020; 10:E437. [PMID: 33138215 PMCID: PMC7692076 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic alterations have been documented in peripheral tissues in heart failure (HF). Outcomes might be improved by early identification of risk. However, the prognostic information offered is still far from enough. We hypothesized that plasma metabolic profiling potentially provides risk stratification for HF patients. Of 61 patients hospitalized due to acute decompensated HF, 31 developed HF-related events in one year after discharge (Event group), and the other 30 patients did not (Non-event group). The plasma collected during hospital admission was analyzed by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOFMS)-based metabolomic approach. The orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) reveals that the metabolomics profile is able to distinguish between events in HF. Levels of 19 metabolites including acylcarnitines, lysophospholipids, dimethylxanthine, dimethyluric acid, tryptophan, phenylacetylglutamine, and hypoxanthine are significantly different between patients with and without event (p < 0.05). Established risk prediction models of event patients by using receiver operating characteristics analysis reveal that the combination of tetradecenoylcarnitine, dimethylxanthine, phenylacetylglutamine, and hypoxanthine has better discrimination than B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) (AUC 0.871 and 0.602, respectively). These findings suggest that metabolomics-derived metabolic profiling have the potential of identifying patients with high risk of HF-related events and provide insights related to HF outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (H.-Y.T.); (J.-F.L.); (C.-J.L.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Chao-Hung Wang
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City 20401, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Yao Ho
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan;
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Fen Lin
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (H.-Y.T.); (J.-F.L.); (C.-J.L.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (H.-Y.T.); (J.-F.L.); (C.-J.L.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Cheng-Yu Huang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (H.-Y.T.); (J.-F.L.); (C.-J.L.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (H.-Y.T.); (J.-F.L.); (C.-J.L.); (C.-Y.H.)
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
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16
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Cheng SC, Chen K, Chiu CY, Lu KY, Lu HY, Chiang MH, Tsai CK, Lo CJ, Cheng ML, Chang TC, Lin G. Metabolomic biomarkers in cervicovaginal fluid for detecting endometrial cancer through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolomics 2019; 15:146. [PMID: 31664624 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecologic neoplasms in developed countries but lacks screening biomarkers. OBJECTIVES We aim to identify and validate metabolomic biomarkers in cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) for detecting EC through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. METHODS We screened 100 women with suspicion of EC and benign gynecological conditions, and randomized them into the training and independent testing datasets using a 5:1 study design. CVF samples were analyzed using a 600-MHz NMR spectrometer equipped with a cryoprobe. Four machine learning algorithms-support vector machine (SVM), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), random forest (RF), and logistic regression (LR), were applied to develop the model for identifying metabolomic biomarkers in cervicovaginal fluid for EC detection. RESULTS A total of 54 women were eligible for the final analysis, with 21 EC and 33 non-EC. From 29 identified metabolites in cervicovaginal fluid samples, the top-ranking metabolites chosen through SVM, RF and PLS-DA which existed in independent metabolic pathways, i.e. phosphocholine, malate, and asparagine, were selected to build the prediction model. The SVM, PLS-DA, RF, and LR methods all yielded area under the curve values between 0.88 and 0.92 in the training dataset. In the testing dataset, the SVM and RF methods yielded the highest accuracy of 0.78 and the specificity of 0.75 and 0.80, respectively. CONCLUSION Phosphocholine, asparagine, and malate from cervicovaginal fluid, which were identified and independently validated through models built using machine learning algorithms, are promising metabolomic biomarkers for the detection of EC using NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Cheng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5 Fuhsing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Imaging Core Laboratory, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Kueian Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5 Fuhsing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Imaging Core Laboratory, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung and Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, 20401, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5 Fuhsing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Imaging Core Laboratory, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5 Fuhsing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Imaging Core Laboratory, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Han Chiang
- Imaging Core Laboratory, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kun Tsai
- Imaging Core Laboratory, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33382, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33382, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33382, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang University Medical College, 5 Fuhsing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Gigin Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 5 Fuhsing St., Guishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan.
- Imaging Core Laboratory, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan.
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan.
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Lin HT, Cheng ML, Lo CJ, Lin G, Lin SF, Yeh JT, Ho HY, Lin JR, Liu FC. 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-Based Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Metabolomic Analysis in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Risk Prediction for Diabetic Microangiopathy. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060874. [PMID: 31248127 PMCID: PMC6616639 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and metabolic derangement are present in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the metabolomic signature of T2DM in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has not been investigated thus far. In this prospective metabolomic study, fasting CSF and plasma samples from 40 T2DM patients to 36 control subjects undergoing elective surgery with spinal anesthesia were analyzed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR spectra of CSF and plasma metabolites were analyzed and correlated with the presence of T2DM and diabetic microangiopathy (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) using an area under the curve (AUC) estimation. CSF metabolomic profiles in T2DM patients vs. controls revealed significantly increased levels of alanine, leucine, valine, tyrosine, lactate, pyruvate, and decreased levels of histidine. In addition, a combination of alanine, histidine, leucine, pyruvate, tyrosine, and valine in CSF showed a superior correlation with the presence of T2DM (AUC:0.951), diabetic retinopathy (AUC:0.858), nephropathy (AUC:0.811), and neuropathy (AUC:0.691). Similar correlations also appeared in plasma profiling. These metabolic alterations in CSF suggest decreasing aerobic metabolism and increasing anaerobic glycolysis in cerebral circulation of patients with T2DM. In conclusion, our results provide clues for the metabolic derangements in diabetic central neuropathy among T2DM patients; however, their clinical significance requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Tang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Gigin Lin
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Fu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Jiun-Ting Yeh
- Division of Trauma, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Yao Ho
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Jr-Rung Lin
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Hu YJ, Irene D, Lo CJ, Cai YL, Tzen TC, Lin TH, Chyan CL. Resonance assignments and secondary structure of a phytocystatin from Sesamum indicum. Biomol NMR Assign 2015; 9:309-11. [PMID: 25673506 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-015-9598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding a cysteine protease inhibitor, cystatin was cloned from sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed. This clone was constructed into an expression vector and expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneous. The recombinant sesame cystatin (SiCYS) showed effectively inhibitory activity toward C1 cysteine proteases. In order to unravel its inhibitory action from structural point of view, multidimensional heteronuclear NMR techniques were used to characterize the structure of SiCYS. The full (1)H, (15)N, and (13)C resonances of SiCYS were assigned. The secondary structure of SiCYS was identified by using the assigned chemical shifts of (1)H(α), (13)C(α), (13)C(β), and (13)CO through the consensus chemical shift index (CSI). The results of CSI analysis of SiCYS suggest eight β-strands (residues 33-46, 51-61, 63-75, 80-87, 150-155, 157-169, 172-183, and 192-195) and two α-helices (residues 16-30, and 120-135).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, 974, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Deli Irene
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, 974, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Department of Biochemistry, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yong-Liang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, 974, Taiwan, ROC
| | - T-C Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ta-Hsien Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
- Basic Research Division, Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Lin Chyan
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, 974, Taiwan, ROC.
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Lo CJ, Chyan CL, Chen YC, Chang CF, Huang HB, Lin TH. Resonance assignments and secondary structure of apolipoprotein E C-terminal domain in DHPC micelles. Biomol NMR Assign 2015; 9:187-190. [PMID: 25239652 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-014-9571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Human apolipoprotein E (apoE) has been known to play a key role in the transport of plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism. It is an apolipoprotein of 299 amino acids with a molecular mass, ~34 kDa. ApoE has three major isoforms, apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4 which differ only at residue 112 or 158. ApoE consists of two independently folded domains (N-terminal and C-terminal domain) separated by a hinge region. The N-terminal domain and C-terminal domain of apoE are responsible for the binding to receptor and to lipid, respectively. Since the high resolution structures of apoE in lipids are still unavailable to date, we therefore aim to resolve the structures in lipids by NMR. Here, we reported the resonance assignments and secondary structure distribution of the C-terminal domain of wild-type human apoE (residue 195-299) in the micelles formed by dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine. Our results may provide a novel structural model of apoE in micelles and may shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the apoE related biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Lo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
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Lo CJ, Wang CC, Huang HB, Chang CF, Shiao MS, Chen YC, Lin TH. The Arctic mutation accelerates Aβ aggregation in SDS through reducing the helical propensity of residues 15-25. Amyloid 2015; 22:8-18. [PMID: 25376379 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2014.980943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations within the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) sequence that cause early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) have been shown to promote Aβ aggregation. How these FAD-related mutants increase the aggregative ability of Aβ is not fully understood. Here, we characterized the effect of the Arctic variant (E22G) on the conformational stability of Aβ using various forms of spectroscopy and kinetic analyses, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The E22G mutation in the Arctic variant reduced the α-helical propensity and conformational stability of Aβ on residues 15-25. This mutation also caused an increase in both α-helix-to-β-strand conversion and fibril nucleation rates. Our results suggest that the α-helical propensity of residues 15-25 may play a determinant role in the aggregative ability of Aβ. This may provide a structural basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of Aβ aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Lo
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan , ROC
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Chen YR, Huang HB, Lo CJ, Wang CC, Ho LK, Liu HT, Shiao MS, Lin TH, Chen YC. Effect of alanine replacement of l17 and f19 on the aggregation and neurotoxicity of arctic-type aβ40. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61874. [PMID: 23634215 PMCID: PMC3636269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of neurodegenerative disease. Beta-amyloid peptides (Aβ) are responsible for neuronal death both in vitro and in vivo. Previously, L17 and F19 residues were identified as playing key roles in the stabilization of the Aβ40 conformation and in the reduction of its neurotoxicity. In this study, the effects of L17A/F19A mutations on the neurotoxicity of Aβ genetic mutant Arctic-type Aβ40(E22G) were tested. The results showed that compared to Aβ40(E22G), Aβ40(L17A/F19A/E22G) reduced the rate of conformation conversion, aggregation, and cytotoxicity, suggesting that L17 and F19 are critical residues responsible for conformational changes which may trigger the neurotoxic cascade of Aβ. Aβ40(L17A/F19A/E22G) also had decreased damage due to reactive oxygen species. The results are consistent with the discordant helix hypothesis, and confirm that residues 17–25 are in the discordant helix region. Compared to Aβ40(L17A/F19A), reduction in aggregation of Aβ40(L17A/F19A/E22G) was less significantly decreased. This observation provides an explanation based on the discordant helix hypothesis that the mutation of E22 to G22 of Aβ40(E22G) alters the propensity of the discordant helix. Arctic-type Aβ40(E22G) aggregates more severely than wild-type Aβ40, with a consequential increase in toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Chen
- Structural Biology Program, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsien-bin Huang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Structural Biology Program, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Ching Wang
- Structural Biology Program, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Kang Ho
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Tzu Liu
- Voiding Dysfunction Therapeutic Center in the Research Department, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Shi Shiao
- Department of Life Science, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Hsien Lin
- Structural Biology Program, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- * E-mail: (YCC); (THL)
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
- * E-mail: (YCC); (THL)
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Chen YR, Huang HB, Lo CJ, Wang CC, Su CL, Liu HT, Shiao MS, Lin TH, Chen YC. Aβ40(L17A/F19A) mutant diminishes the aggregation and neurotoxicity of Aβ40. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 405:91-5. [PMID: 21216230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aggregated β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) are neurotoxic and responsible for neuronal death both in vitro and in vivo. From the structural point of view, Aβ self-aggregation involves a conformational change in the peptide. Here, we investigated the relationship between conformational changes and amino acid residues of Aβ(40). Urea unfolding in combination with NMR spectroscopy was applied to probe the stabilization of Aβ(40) conformation. L17 and F19 residues were found more sensitive to environmental changes than the other residues. Replacement of these two residues with alanine could stabilize the conformation of Aβ(40). Further analysis indicated that the Aβ(40)(L17A/F19A) mutant could diminish the aggregation and reduce the neurotoxicity. These results suggest that L17 and F19 are the critical residues responsible for conformational changes which may trigger neurotoxic cascade of Aβ(40).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Chen
- Structural Biology Program, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Lo CJ, Chiu KC, Fu M, Chu A, Helton S. Fish oil modulates macrophage P44/P42 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity induced by lipopolysaccharide. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2000; 24:159-63. [PMID: 10850941 DOI: 10.1177/0148607100024003159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades represent a major signal system to transduce extracellular signals into cellular responses. Overactivity of MAPK has been implicated in the development of many diseases, including cancer and sepsis. This study investigated the hypothesis that fish oil altered the membrane phospholipid composition and modulated MAPK activity. METHODS RAW 264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage (Mphi) cell line, were grown in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich media (114 micromol/L) for 48 hours. Mphi were washed and exposed to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 microg/mL) for 10 minutes. Both total and activated (phosphorylated) portions of MAPK (P44 and P42) were determined by Western blot assays. AP-1 transcription factor activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility gel shift assays (EMSA). Mphi tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA expression was measured by Northern blot assays. RESULTS LPS stimulation induced RAW cell phosphorylation of P44/P42. In contrast, RAW cells grown in EPA-rich media had less P44/P42 activation in the presence of LPS. Total P44/P42 were not affected by EPA or LPS. Similarly, EPA also inhibited AP-1 activity. Inhibition of P44/P42 activity with PD98059 reduced both AP-1 activity and TNF mRNA expression of LPS-stimulated Mphi. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that fish oil regulates macrophage proinflammatory gene activation, at least in part, by modulating the MAPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 production by tissue-fixed macrophages (Mphi) after severe injury contributes to an enhanced susceptibility to infection and sepsis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) on prostaglandin (PGE2) production and cyclooxygenase II (COX-2) gene activation in LPS-stimulated macrophages (Mphi). RAW264.7 cells, a mouse Mphi cell line, were exposed to various concentrations of dibutyryl cAMP +/- lipopolysaccharide (10 microg/mL) stimulation. Total Mphi ribonucleic acid (RNA) was harvested for the determination of COX-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) with mouse complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) by Northern blot assay. Mphi supernatant was collected for the measurement of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by L929 bioassay and PGE2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Mphi NFkappaB activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). Dibutyryl cAMP significantly inhibited TNF production by LPS-stimulated Mphi. Dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM) alone induced PGE2 production. Dibutyryl cAMP (100 microM and 1 mM) also augmented PGE2 production by LPS-stimulated Mphi. Dibutyryl cAMP had similar effect on Mphi COX-2 mRNA expression and NFkappaB activity. Our data demonstrate that cAMP modulates Mphi TNF production and upregulates COX-2 gene and PGE2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-6904, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish oil-supplemented diets have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects. Although fish oil is readily incorporated into the cell membrane and influences the production of eicosanoids, the exact mechanism is not clear. This study was designed to investigate the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a major component of fish oil, on macrophage (Mphi) cyclooxygenase (COX) gene expression induced by LPS. METHODS RAW 264.7 cells, a mouse Mphi cell line, were grown in EPA-rich media for 24 h. Mphi were washed and exposed to Escherichia coli LPS (10 microg/ml). Membrane lipid profile was determined by gas chromatographic analysis. COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA expressions were determined by Northern blot assays with mouse-specific cDNA probes. PGE(2) production of Mphi was measured by ELISA. Mphi production of COX-2 protein was determined by Western blot assays with an anti-COX-2 antibody. RESULTS Incubation in EPA-rich media increased membrane EPA and decreased arachidonic acid (AA) composition. COX-2 mRNA expression was induced by EPA and further augmented by LPS stimulation. EPA also augmented Mphi production of COX-2 protein. In comparison, COX-1 mRNA expression was not affected by either LPS stimulation or EPA incubation. EPA reduced PGE(2) production by LPS-stimulated Mphi. To further support that COX-2 mRNA was regulated by COX product, exogenous PGE(2) was added to Mphi prior to LPS stimulation. PGE(2) reduced COX-2 mRNA of LPS-stimulated Mphi. CONCLUSION EPA displaces AA and reduces PGE(2) production by LPS-stimulated Mphi. Fish oil inhibition of Mphi PGE(2) production induces COX-2 mRNA expression through a COX-2 product-mediated feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-6904, USA.
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Lo CJ, Fu M, Lo FR, Cryer HG. Macrophage TNF mRNA expression induced by LPS is regulated by sphingomyelin metabolites. Shock 1999; 11:411-5. [PMID: 10454830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism of macrophage (MO) membrane phospholipids produces key mediators of inflammation and major second messengers that modulate inflammatory responses during sepsis. Sphingomyelin is a major class of phospholipid that releases ceramide and sphingosine. This study was designed to investigate the involvement of sphingomyelin metabolites in MO activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Rabbit alveolar MO were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and exposed to C6-ceramide, a cell-permeable analogue of natural ceramide, or sphingosine in the presence of Escherichia coli LPS (100 ng/mL). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA expression was measured by Northern blot assays. Total nuclear extract was harvested for the measurement of nuclear factor KB (NFkappaB) with electrophoretic mobility shift assays. MO TNF production was measured by L929 bioassays. C-6 ceramide did not have any effects on MO TNF production or TNF mRNA expression with or without LPS stimulation. Inhibition of ceramide metabolism with 1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP), or N-oleoyl-ethanolamine (NOE) also did not induce TNF mRNA or TNF production. In comparison, sphingosine inhibited TNF mRNA expression as well as TNF production of LPS-stimulated MO. LPS-induced MO NFkappaB activity was also reduced by sphingosine. Our data indicate that ceramide alone has no effect on macrophage activity, but its metabolite sphingosine down-regulates MO activation induced by LPS stimulation. Therefore, the sphingomyelin pathway is involved in the regulation of MO activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-6904, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish oil-supplemented diets have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects, though the exact mechanism(s) are unknown. This study investigated the effects of eicosapentanenoic acid (EPA), a major component of fish oil, on transcriptional regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages (MO). METHODS RAW 264.7 cells, a mouse MO cell line, were grown in EPA-rich media for 24-48 h. MO were washed and exposed to Escherichia coli LPS (1 microg/ml) for 2 h. TNF mRNA expression was measured by Northern blot assays. Total nuclear extracts were harvested for the measurement of NF kappa B with electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Supershift assays were performed with anti-P50 or anti-P65 antibodies to show components of NF kappa B dimers. TNF production was determined by L929 bioassays. RESULTS LPS stimulated RAW cell TNF mRNA expression and NF kappa B activity. In contrast, RAW cells grown in EPA-rich media had less TNF mRNA expression and an altered composition of the NF kappa B subunits (P65/P50 dimers) in the presence of LPS. TNF production by LPS-stimulated MO was reduced by EPA. CONCLUSIONS The inhibitory effect of EPA on LPS-stimulated MO TNF gene transcription and protein elaboration is, in part, mediated through altering NF kappa B activation by reducing the P65/P50 dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
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Lo CJ, Fu M, Cryer HG. Interleukin 10 inhibits alveolar macrophage production of inflammatory mediators involved in adult respiratory distress syndrome. J Surg Res 1998; 79:179-84. [PMID: 9758735 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.1998.5418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causes severe morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. One potential method to attenuate the lung injury is to inhibit alveolar macrophage production of proinflammatory mediators. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cellular mechanism of interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibition on LPS-stimulated macrophage (Mphi). We hypothesized that IL-10 inhibited phospholipase C signal pathways in Mphi. IL-10 inhibition would be restored by calcium ionophores and protein kinase C (PKC) activation. METHODS Rabbit alveolar Mphi were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. Mphi were treated with Escherichia coli LPS (10 ng/ml) in the presence of various concentrations of human IL-10. Cell lysates and supernatant were analyzed for proagulants (PCA) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), respectively. TNF mRNA expression of alveolar Mphi was also measured by Northern Blot assay. Macrophage PGE2 production was measured by ELISA. RESULTS IL-10 inhibited the production of both TNF and PCA by LPS-stimulated Mphi. In addition, IL-10 also reduced TNF mRNA expression. Similarly, PGE2 production by LPS-stimulated Mphi was also attenuated by IL-10. An increase in the intracellular [Ca2+] induced by A23187 failed to reverse this IL-10-mediated inhibition. In comparison, phorbol myristate acetate, a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, restored TNF and PCA production despite the presence of IL-10. CONCLUSIONS IL-10 inhibits Mphi production of inflammatory mediators. This inhibition is, at least in part, mediated by modulating the PKC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-6904, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a major contributor to the production and maintenance of immunosuppression after overwhelming injury, leading to increased infectious morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. Elucidation of the cellular pathways involved in PGE2 production could lead to potential therapeutic interventions. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of cyclooxygenase II (COX-2) in PGE2 production by Mphi and to investigate the cellular mechanism of COX-2 gene activation. METHODS Mouse macrophages (Mphi), RAW 264.7, were exposed to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of cyclooxygenase inhibitors (ibuprofen or NS398). COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA expression and PGE2 production were measured by Northern blot assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) activity was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. To elucidate the role of NFkappaB in LPS-induced COX-2 gene activation, Mphi were exposed to LPS in the presence of an NFkappaB inhibitor, TPCK. RESULTS LPS increased Mphi COX-2 mRNA expression but had no effect on COX-1 mRNA expression. Both ibuprofen and NS398 inhibited COX-2 mRNA as well as PGE2 production by LPS-stimulated Mphi. In addition, LPS-induced NFkappaB activity was attenuated by these agents. Inhibition of NFkappaB with TPCK reduced COX-2 but not COX-1 gene expression and decreased PGE2 production by LPS-stimulated Mphi. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that COX-2 gene expression by LPS-stimulated Mphi is dependent on NFkappaB. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors reduced PGE2 production by inhibiting both COX-2 mRNA expression and preventing NFkappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular endothelial cells (EC) play a pivotal role in diffuse organ injury seen in ARDS and MOFS. On exposure to cytokines or endotoxin (LPS) EC are stimulated to express adhesion molecules as well as proinflammatory and procoagulant activity. However, the potential feedback control of EC on macrophages (M-theta) is not clear. We studied the cellular mechanism of iloprost, a PGI2 analogue, in regulation of TNF production by LPS-stimulated M-theta. METHODS Rabbit alveolar M-theta and mouse M-theta RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to Escherichia coli LPS in the presence of various concentrations of iloprost. TNF production was measured by L929 bioassays. To further study the cellular mechanism of iloprost on M-theta activation, RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated by LPS (10 micrograms/ml) in the presence of either iloprost or specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, either PD98059 or SB202190. P44/P42 and P38 MAPK activation were evaluated by Western blot assays with anti-phospho MAPK antibodies. RESULTS LPS induced M-theta TNF production, which was inhibited by iloprost. Iloprost also attenuated the activation of P44/P42 and P38 induced LPS. Inhibition of P44/P42 with PD98059 or P38 with SB202190 significantly reduced TNF production by LPS-stimulated RAW cells. CONCLUSIONS The regulatory mechanism of EC on M-theta activation is dependent on PGI2. The effect of PGI2 on M-theta is, at least in part, mediated through inhibiting MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-6904, USA
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Wu CH, Chen HL, Lo CJ, McLarty JW. Motif identification neural design for rapid and sensitive protein family search. Pac Symp Biocomput 1997:674-85. [PMID: 9390267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The accelerated growth of the molecular sequencing data has generated a pressing need for advanced sequence annotation tools. This paper reports a new method, termed MOTIFIND (Motif Identification Neural Design), for rapid and sensitive protein family identification. The method is extended from our previous gene classification artificial neural system and employs two new designs to enhance the detection of distant relationships. These include an n-gram term weighting algorithm for extracting local motif patterns, and integrated neural networks for combining global and local sequence information. The system has been tested with three protein families of electron transferases, namely cytochrome c, cytochrome b and flavodoxin, with a 100% sensitivity and more than 99.6% specificity. The accuracy of MOTIFIND is comparable to the BLAST database search method, but its speed is more than 20 times faster. The system is much more robust than the PROSITE search which is based on simple signature patterns. MOTIFIND also compares favorably with the BLIMPS search of BLOCKS in detecting fragmentary sequences lacking complete motif regions. The method has the potential to become a full-scale database search and sequence analysis tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Wu
- Department of Epidemiology/Biomathematics, University of Texas Health Center at Tyler 75710, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of multiple organ failure in septic patients is due to a systemic inflammation orchestrated by macrophages (Mphi). Elucidation and control of the mechanism involved in Mphi activation in sepsis is crucial to improving survival. An early event of Mphi activation involves the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipid by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and subsequent generation of platelet-activating factor (PAF). OBJECTIVE We designed this study to test the hypothesis that Mphi gene expression depends on PAF. DESIGN Rabbit alveolar Mphi were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and were stimulated with 10 ng/mL of Escherichia coli endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), PAF (1 micromol/L), LPS+/-CV3988 (10 micromol/L), a PAF receptor antagonist, or LPS+/-PLA2 inhibitors: AACOCF3 (50 micromol/L) or manoalide (10 micromol/L). After 4 hours of incubation, Mphi tumor necrosis factor (TNF) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was assessed by Northern blot analyses. The TNF production in the Mphi supernatant was measured by L929 bioassays. RESULTS The LPS-stimulated Mphi expressed increased levels of TNF mRNA and produced an enormous amount of TNF. CV3988, a PAF antagonist, inhibited LPS-induced TNF mRNA. Furthermore, inhibiting PAF production with AACOCF3, or manoalide, also inhibited LPS-induced Mphi TNF mRNA expression. The effect of PAF depends on changes in intracellular calcium concentration. Inhibitors of calcium flux attenuated the PAF effects on LPS-stimulated Mphi. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that LPS-induced Mphi gene expression is mediated by PAF. It is likely that modulation of PAF production or activity may be beneficial in down-regulating the overactivity of Mphi in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-6904, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To deliver uniform dose distributions for total-body irradiation (TBI) with an arc field and a gravity-oriented compensator. This technique allows the patient to be treated lying on the floor in a small treatment room. METHODS AND MATERIALS Through the sweeping motion of the gantry, a continuous arc field can deliver a large field to a patient lying on the floor. The dose profile, however, would not be uniform if no compensator were used, due to the effects of inverse square variation of beam intensity with distance as well as the slanted depth in patient. To solve this problem, a gravity-oriented compensator made of cerrobend alloy was designed. This compensator has a cross-section of an inverted isosceles triangle, with the apex always pointing downward, due to gravity. By properly selecting the thickness of the compensator, the width of the base, and the distance between the pivots to the base, the difference in the path length through the compensator can be made just right to compensate the effects of inverse-square and slanted depth, thus producing a uniform dose profile. RESULTS Arc fields with a gravity-oriented compensator were used for 6, 10, 15, and 18 MV photon beams. The arc field can cover a patient with a height up to 180 cm. The field width was chosen from 32 to 40 cm at the machine isocenter. The optimal thickness of the compensator was found to be 2.5 cm, and its base was 25 cm wide. The distance from the pivot points to the flat surface of the compensator proximal to the beam ranges from 13 to 14 cm for different beam energies. The dose uniformity at a depth of 10 cm is within +/-5% for all beam energies used in this study. CONCLUSIONS Highly uniform dose profiles for TBI treatments can be delivered with an arc and a gravity-oriented compensator. The proposed technique is simple and versatile. A single compensator can be used for all energies, because the amount of compensation can be adjusted by changing the distance to the pivot and/or the field size.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Chui
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Abstract
Liver ischemia and reperfusion injury is mediated by oxygen free radicals, cytokines, and prostanoids produced by Kupffer cells and infiltrating neutrophils. Fish oil-supplemented diets alter membrane phospholipid composition and modify prostanoids and cytokine production in response to ischemia and reperfusion. This study tested the hypothesis that a fish oil-supplemented diet would attenuate warm liver ischemia and reperfusion injury in the rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed Vital HN supplemented with either fish oil (FO) or corn oil (CO) by the continuous duodenal infusion for 5 days. Total dietary fat (26% of total calories), caloric intake (70 cal/day), and volume (60 ml/day) were identical between two groups. Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels increased significantly in rats fed fish oil (0 to 16.3% for EPA and 2 to 12% for DHA). Liver histology was similar in both groups before ischemia. On Day 6, rats were subjected to 60 min of reversible hepatic ischemia. Plasma TNF levels, 1 and 24 hr after reperfusion, were not different between FO and CO rats. Liver injury assessed by bile flow, histology, plasma ALT, and bile glutathione efflux did not differ between groups. We conclude that our fish oil-supplemented enteral diet does not attenuate warm liver ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095-6904, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) is an important transcriptional activator protein and is a crucial component of the host's response to infection. The activation of NF kappa B is correlated with the phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa B (I kappa B) and its subsequent degradation. We hypothesized that protease inhibitors which prevented I kappa B degradation could inhibit the macrophage gene activation and reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Rabbit alveolar macrophages (M phi) were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. M phi were exposed to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 ng/ml) in the presence of various concentrations of protease inhibitors, either N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) or N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester (BTEE). Total RNA was extracted for Northern blot assay of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA expression using a rabbit genomic DNA probe. Total nuclear extracts were also obtained for the measurement of the NF kappa B activity with the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The TNF production in the M phi supernatant was measured by L929 bio-assays. RESULTS NF kappa B activity induced by LPS was inhibited by either BTEE or TPCK. Inhibition of NF kappa B activity by these agents also prevented TNF mRNA expression and TNF production induced by LPS. The cellular mechanism leading to NF kappa B activation was further studied. TNF mRNA expression and NF kappa B activation were inhibited by D609, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, as well as by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors. In addition, direct stimulation of PKC led to NF kappa B activation and TNF mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that TNF mRNA expression of LPS-stimulated M phi is mediated through NF kappa B, NF kappa B activation is intimately regulated by the PLC signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA
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Lo CJ, Cryer HG, Maier RV. Prostaglandin E2 production by endotoxin-stimulated alveolar macrophages is regulated by phospholipase C pathways. J Trauma 1996; 40:557-62; discussion 563. [PMID: 8614032 DOI: 10.1097/00005373-199604000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eicosanoids play an important role in many aspects of systemic inflammatory responses and host defense. Although the synthesis of eicosanoids by different enzymes has been elucidated, the regulatory mechanism of eicosanoid production is not clear. We designed this study to investigate the hypothesis that PGE2 production by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS)-stimulated macrophages (MO) is dependent on phospholipase C (PLC) signaling pathways. METHODS Rabbit alveolar macrophages (MO) were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. MO were suspended in RPMI-1640 medium at 1 x 10(6)/mL and were exposed to Escherichia coli LPS (10 ng/mL) +/- various agonists and antagonists of PLC and its secondary messengers. After 24 hours of incubation, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was measured by ELISA. RESULTS LPS-activated MO produced four times as much PGE2 as did control unstimulated MO. The increase in PGE2 production was inhibited by PLC inhibitors (U73122 or D609) and a low-molecular-weight PLA2 inhibitor, manoalide. An increase in intracellular calcium and activation of both the calmodulin and protein kinase C kinase pathways increase PGE2 production. CONCLUSIONS PGE2 production is intimately dependent on several phospholipases. Production is not only dependent on low-molecular-weight PLA2 cleavage of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids, but also by-products of PLC activation. PLC-dependent intracellular Ca-calmodulin signaling and protein kinase C activation provide significant modulation of PGE2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles 90024, USA
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37
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Abstract
A new method, the motif identification neural design (MOTIFIND), has been developed for rapid and sensitive protein family identification. The method is an extension of our previous gene classification artificial neural system and employs new designs to enhance the detection of distant relationships. The new designs include an n-gram term weighting algorithm for extracting local motif patterns, an enhanced n-gram method for extracting residues of long-range correlation, and integrated neural networks for combining global and motif sequence information. The system has been tested and compared with several existing methods using three protein families, the cytochrome c, cytochrome b and flavodoxin. Overall it achieves 100% sensitivity and > 99.6% specificity, an accuracy comparable to BLAST, but at a speed of approximately 20 times faster. The system is much more robust than the PROSITE search which is based on simple signature patterns. MOTIFIND also compares favorably with BLIMPS, the Hidden Markov Model and PROFILESEARCH in detecting fragmentary sequences lacking complete motif regions and in detecting distant relationships, especially for members of under-represented subgroups within a family. MOTIFIND may be generally applicable to other proteins and has the potential to become a full-scale database search and sequence analysis tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Wu
- Department of Epidemiology/Biomathematics, University of Texas Health Center at Tyler 75710, USA.
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Lo CJ, Garcia I, Cryer HG, Maier RV. Calcium and calmodulin regulate lipopolysaccharide-induced alveolar macrophage production of tumor necrosis factor and procoagulant activity. Arch Surg 1996; 131:44-50. [PMID: 8546576 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1996.01430130046008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in macrophage (M phi) function are responsible, in part, for adult respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure developing in patients with sepsis. Elucidation and control of these M phi mechanisms during sepsis are crucial to our understanding of this disease and, ultimately, to improving survival of these patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate the involvement of calcium flux in endotoxin-induced alveolar M phi production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and procoagulant (PC) activity. DESIGN Rabbit alveolar M phi obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage were exposed to endotoxin in the form of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 in the presence of different specific calcium agonists and antagonists. The TNF expression was measured in the supernatant by L929 bioassays. The PC activity was determined in cell lysates by a one-step coagulation assay. RESULTS Macrophages activated by LPS produce enormous levels of TNF and PC. Either W7 (20 mumol/L), a calmodulin antagonist, or TMB-8 (50 mumol/L), which prevents calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, inhibited production of both TNF and PC activity. Verapamil (50 mumol/L) alone or combined with TMB-8 significantly inhibited both TNF and PC production by LPS-stimulated M phi. Elevating intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), using the calcium ionophore, A23187, or thapsigargin alone, did not induce M phi production of TNF but significantly augmented LPS-stimulated TNF production. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that increased intracellular calcium causing signal transduction activation through the calmodulin pathway is a necessary, but insufficient, component of the LPS signaling in M phi.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Lo CJ. [After reading "Health Education"]. Hu Li Za Zhi 1970; 17:65-8. [PMID: 5207631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Lo CJ. [Nursing care of a patient with herniation of an intervertebral disk]. Hu Li Za Zhi 1970; 17:70-2. [PMID: 5203790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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