MicroRNA-128-3p Alleviates Neuropathic Pain Through Targeting ZEB1

Mapping the research landscape of microRNAs in pain: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis

Background and objectives

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have demonstrated significant potential in pain medicine research, including mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapy. However, no relative bibliometric analysis has been performed to summarize the progress in this area quantitatively.

Methods

Literature was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection online database. A total of 1,295 papers were retrieved between January 1, 2000 and September 21, 2023 and underwent visualization and analysis using R software [Library [bibliometrix] and biblioshiny packages], VOSviewer (version 1.6.18), CiteSpace software (version 6.2.R4), and the bibliometrics website (http://bibliometric.com).

Results

Publications in this field have increased annually since 2000, demonstrating growing research interest. China emerged as the most productive country, followed by the United States and Germany. Keyword analysis identified "expression," "neuropathic pain," and "microRNAs" as the most relevant keywords. Extensive collaboration among countries and institutions was also observed.

Conclusion

The bibliometric analysis revealed a rapid growth of publications related to miRNAs and pain in the past 2 decades. Keywords analysis indicates that "expression," "neuropathic pain," and "microRNA" are the most frequently used words in this research field. However, more robust and globally recognized basic studies and clinical trials from prestigious journals are required.

Role of Exercise on Inflammation Cytokines of Neuropathic Pain in Animal Models

Neuropathic pain (NP) resulting from a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system can lead to loss of function and reduced life quality. Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of NP. Exercise as an economical, effective, and nonpharmacological treatment, recommended by clinical practice guidelines, has been proven to alleviate chronic NP. Previous studies have shown that exercise decreases NP by modifying inflammation; however, the exact mechanisms of exercise-mediated NP are unclear. Therefore, from the perspective of neuroinflammation, this review mainly discussed the effects of exercise on inflammatory cytokines in different parts of NP conduction pathways, such as the brain, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion, sciatic nerve, and blood in rat/mice models. Results suggested that exercise training could modulate neuroinflammation, inhibit astrocyte glial cell proliferation and microglial activation, alter the macrophage phenotype, reduce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, increase anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, and positively modulate the state of the immune system, thereby relieving NP.

Helicid Alleviates Neuronal Apoptosis of Rats with Depression-Like Behaviors by Downregulating lncRNA-NONRATT030918.2

Helicid (HEL) has been found to possess antidepressant pharmacological activity. The paper was to testify to the precise molecular mechanism through which HEL regulates lncRNA-NONRATT030918.2 to exert an antidepressant impression in depression models. A depression model stimulated using chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was created in rats, and the depressive state of the rats was assessed through behavioral experiments. Additionally, an in vitro model of PC12 cells induced by corticosterone (CORT) was established, and cytoactive was tested using the CCK8. The subcellular localization of the NONRATT030918.2 molecule was confirmed through a fluorescence in situ hybridization experiment. The relationship between NONRATT030918.2, miRNA-128-3p, and Prim1 was analyzed using dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, RNA Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation assay, and RNA pull-down assay. The levels of NONRATT030918.2, miRNA-128-3p, and Prim1 were tested using Q-PCR. Furthermore, the levels of Prim1, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase3 were checked through Western blot. The HEL can alleviate the depression-like behavior of CUMS rats (P < 0.05), and reduce the mortality of hippocampal via downregulating the level of NONRATT030918.2 (P < 0.05). In CORT-induced PC12 cells, intervention with HEL led to decreased expression of NONRATT030918.2 and Prim1 (P < 0.05), as well as increased expression of miRNA-128-3p (P < 0.05). This suggests that HEL regulates the expression of NONRATT030918.2 to upregulate miRNA-128-3p (P < 0.05), which in turn inhibits CORT-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by targeting Prim1 (P < 0.05). The NONRATT030918.2/miRNA-128-3p/Prim1 axis could potentially serve as a crucial regulatory network for HEL to exert its neuroprotective effects.

The role of non-coding RNAs in neuropathic pain

Neuropathic pain (NPP) is a refractory pain syndrome, caused by damage or disease of the somatosensory nervous system and characterized by spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, abnormal pain and sensory abnormality. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and Piwi interacting RNA (piRNA), play a notable role in initiation and maintenance of NPP. In this review, we summarize the role of ncRNAs in NPP and their underlaying mechanism. Generally, ncRNAs are interacted with mRNA, protein or DNA to regulate the molecules and signals assciated with neuroinflammation, ion channels, neurotrophic factors and others, and then involved in the occurrence and development of NPP. Therefore, this review not only contributes to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of NPP, but also provides theoretical basis for the development of new therapy strategies for this disorder.

Pharmacogenetic landscape of pain management variants among Mediterranean populations

Background

Chronic pain is a major socioeconomic burden in the Mediterranean region. However, we noticed an under-representation of these populations in the pharmacogenetics of pain management studies. In this context, we aimed 1) to decipher the pharmacogenetic variant landscape among Mediterranean populations compared to worldwide populations in order to identify therapeutic biomarkers for personalized pain management and 2) to better understand the biological process of pain management through in silico investigation of pharmacogenes pathways.

Materials and Methods

We collected genes and variants implicated in pain response using the Prisma guidelines from literature and PharmGK database. Next, we extracted these genes from genotyping data of 829 individuals. Then, we determined the variant distribution among the studied populations using multivariate (MDS) and admixture analysis with R and STRUCTURE software. We conducted a Chi2 test to compare the interethnic frequencies of the identified variants. We used SNPinfo web server, miRdSNP database to identify miRNA-binding sites. In addition, we investigated the functions of the identified genes and variants using pathway enrichment analysis and annotation tools. Finally, we performed docking analysis to assess the impact of variations on drug interactions.

Results

We identified 63 variants implicated in pain management. MDS analysis revealed that Mediterranean populations are genetically similar to Mexican populations and divergent from other populations. STRUCTURE analysis showed that Mediterranean populations are mainly composed of European ancestry. We highlighted differences in the minor allele frequencies of three variants (rs633, rs4680, and rs165728) located in the COMT gene. Moreover, variant annotation revealed ten variants with potential miRNA-binding sites. Finally, protein structure and docking analysis revealed that two missense variants (rs4680 and rs6267) induced a decrease in COMT protein activity and affinity for dopamine.

Conclusion

Our findings revealed that Mediterranean populations diverge from other ethnic groups. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of pain-related pathways and miRNAs to better implement these markers as predictors of analgesic responses in the Mediterranean region.

MiR-128-3p - a gray eminence of the human central nervous system

MicroRNA-128-3p (miR-128-3p) is a versatile molecule with multiple functions in the physiopathology of the human central nervous system. Perturbations of miR-128-3p, which is enriched in the brain, contribute to a plethora of neurodegenerative disorders, brain injuries, and malignancies, as this miRNA is a crucial regulator of gene expression in the brain, playing an essential role in the maintenance and function of cells stemming from neuronal lineage. However, the differential expression of miR-128-3p in pathologies underscores the importance of the balance between its high and low levels. Significantly, numerous reports pointed to miR-128-3p as one of the most depleted in glioblastoma, implying it is a critical player in the disease's pathogenesis and thus may serve as a therapeutic agent for this most aggressive form of brain tumor. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the diverse roles of miR-128-3p. We focus on its involvement in the neurogenesis and pathophysiology of malignant and neurodegenerative diseases. We also highlight the promising potential of miR-128-3p as an antitumor agent for the future therapy of human cancers, including glioblastoma, and as the linchpin of brain development and function, potentially leading to the development of new therapies for neurological conditions.

LncRNA PVT1 promotes neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage by regulating the miR-128-3p/TXNIP axis

OBJECTIVE

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has significant morbidity and mortality. TXNIP and the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory mechanism involved in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) play roles in ICH. We probed the upstream microRNAs (miRNAs)/lncRNAs that regulated TXNIP expression in the ceRNA mechanism.

METHODS

ICH mouse model was established, and ICH secondary injury was simulated in BV2 microglia by hemin treatment. TXNIP was silenced 48 h before ICH modeling. The ICH mouse brain water content (BWC) and brain lesion volume after ICH were recorded. Neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits were evaluated by double staining of NeuN and TUNEL/modified Garcia/corner turn/forelimb placement tests. Iba1 + microglia number and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/interleukin-1β (IL-1β)/IL-10/TXNIP/PVT1/miR-128-3p levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, ELISA, and RT-qPCR. Cell viability/death of BV2 cells conditioned medium-treated neuron HT22 cells were assessed by CCK-8/LDH assays. miRNA that had a targeted binding relationship with TXNIP was screened. The targeted bindings of miR-128-3p to TXNIP/PVT1 to miR-128-3p were verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay.

RESULTS

TXNIP knockdown reduced post-ICH microglial activation/release of pro-inflammatory factors/brain edema/brain lesion volume/neurological deficits in mice and increased releases of anti-inflammatory factors. TXNIP/PVT1 knockdown inhibited hemin-induced inflammatory responses in BV2 cells and protected in vitro co-cultured HT22 cells. PVT1 was a sponge of miR-128-3p to repress TXNIP expression. miR-128-3p knockdown diminished PVT1 knockdown-inhibited hemin-induced BV2 cell inflammatory responses/neurotoxicity.

CONCLUSIONS

PVT1 silencing reduced hemin-induced neuroinflammation and had a protective effect on neurons by increasing the targeted inhibition of TXNIP by miR-128-3p.

miRNA contributes to neuropathic pains

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a kind of chronic pain caused by direct injury to the peripheral or central nervous system (CNS). microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that mostly interact with the 3 untranslated region of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to regulate the expression of multiple genes. NP is characterized by changes in the expression of receptors and mediators, and there is evidence that miRNAs may contribute to some of these alterations. In this review, we aimed to fully comprehend the connection between NP and miRNA; and also, to establish a link between neurology, biology, and dentistry. Studies have shown that targeting miRNAs may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic pain and potential target for the prevention of NP.

The role of micro-RNAs in neuropathic pain-a scoping review

Neuropathic pain can be caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system characterised by pathological neuro-immune alterations. At a molecular level, microRNAs (miRNAs) act as regulators of gene expression orchestrating both immune and neuronal processes. Thus, miRNAs may act as essential modulators of processes for the establishment and maintenance of neuropathic pain. The objective/aims of this scoping review was to explore and chart the literature to identify miRNAs that are dysregulated in neuropathic pain. The following databases were searched from inception to March 2023: PubMed, EBSCO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS. Two independent reviewers screened, extracted data, and independently assessed the risk of bias in included studies. The JBI critical appraisal checklist was used for critical appraisal. A narrative synthesis was used to summarise the evidence. Seven studies (total of 384 participants) that met our eligibility criteria were included in this scoping review. Our review has identified different miRNAs that are commonly involved in the chronic neuropathic pain conditions including miR-132, miR-101, and miR-199a. Our review findings further suggest that expression of miRNAs to be significantly associated with increased diabetic disease duration, HbA1C levels, and fibrinogen levels. Our review findings suggest that there is clear association between miRNA expression and chronic neuropathic pain conditions. Therefore, increasing the specificity by selecting a candidate miRNA and identifying its target mRNA is an area of future research.

The Role of miRNAs in Neuropathic Pain

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition affecting around 8% of the adult population in the UK. The pathophysiology is complex and involves a wide range of processes, including alteration of neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission, dysregulated intracellular signalling and activation of pro-inflammatory immune and glial cells. In the past 15 years, multiple miRNAs–small non-coding RNA–have emerged as regulators of neuropathic pain development. They act by binding to target mRNAs and preventing the translation into proteins. Due to their short sequence (around 22 nucleotides in length), they can have hundreds of targets and regulate several pathways. Several studies on animal models have highlighted numerous miRNAs that play a role in neuropathic pain development at various stages of the nociceptive pathways, including neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, intracellular signalling and communication with non-neuronal cells. Studies on animal models do not always translate in the clinic; fewer studies on miRNAs have been performed involving human subjects with neuropathic pain, with differing results depending on the specific aetiology underlying neuropathic pain. Further studies using human tissue and liquid samples (serum, plasma, saliva) will help highlight miRNAs that are relevant to neuropathic pain diagnosis or treatment, as biomarkers or potential drug targets.

Emerging roles of miRNAs in neuropathic pain: From new findings to novel mechanisms

Neuropathic pain, which results from damage to the somatosensory nervous system, is a global clinical condition that affects many people. Neuropathic pain imposes significant economic and public health burdens and is often difficult to manage because the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. However, mounting evidence indicates a role for neurogenic inflammation and neuroinflammation in pain pattern development. There is increasing evidence that the activation of neurogenic inflammation and neuroinflammation in the nervous system contribute to neuropathic pain. Altered miRNA expression profiles might be involved in the pathogenesis of both inflammatory and neuropathic pain by regulating neuroinflammation, nerve regeneration, and abnormal ion channel expression. However, the lack of knowledge about miRNA target genes prevents a full understanding of the biological functions of miRNAs. At the same time, an extensive study on exosomal miRNA, a newly discovered role, has advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain in recent years. This section provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of miRNA research and discusses the potential mechanisms of miRNAs in neuropathic pain.

The role of the ZEB1–neuroinflammation axis in CNS disorders

Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a master modulator of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process whereby epithelial cells undergo a series of molecular changes and express certain characteristics of mesenchymal cells. ZEB1, in association with other EMT transcription factors, promotes neuroinflammation through changes in the production of inflammatory mediators, the morphology and function of immune cells, and multiple signaling pathways that mediate the inflammatory response. The ZEB1–neuroinflammation axis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of different CNS disorders, such as brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular diseases, and neuropathic pain, by promoting tumor cell proliferation and invasiveness, formation of the hostile inflammatory micromilieu surrounding neuronal tissues, dysfunction of microglia and astrocytes, impairment of angiogenesis, and dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier. Future studies are needed to elucidate whether the ZEB1–neuroinflammation axis could serve as a diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic target for CNS disorders.

Long Non-Coding RNA and mRNA Profiles in the Spinal Cord of Rats with Resiniferatoxin-Induced Neuropathic Pain

Purpose

The ultrapotent transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist resiniferatoxin (RTX) induces small-fiber sensory neuropathy, which has been widely used model of postherpetic neuralgia to study mechanisms of neuropathic pain and new analgesics. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA expression profiles in spinal dorsal horn tissues of rats six weeks after RTX injection to identify new RNAs related to neuropathic pain.

Methods

Microarray technology was applied to determine lncRNA expressions in spinal dorsal horn samples of adult rats 6 weeks after treatment with RTX or vehicle. The lncNA/mRNA co-expression network was constructed, and differential expression patterns of lncRNA and mRNA in RTX-treated rats were identified. Differential expressions of lncRNAs and mRNAs between RTX-treated samples and control samples were examined by RT-qPCR.

Results

Microarray analyses showed that 745 mRNA and 139 lncRNAs were upregulated, whereas 590 mRNA and 140 lncRNAs were downregulated in spinal dorsal horn tissues after RTX exposure. TargetScan was used to predict mRNA targets for these lncRNAs, which showed that the transcripts with multiple predicted target sites were related to neurologically important pathways. In addition, differential expressions of lncRNA (ENSRNOG00000022535, ENSRNOG00000042027, NR_027478, NR_030675) and Apobec3b mRNA in spinal cord tissue samples were validated, which confirmed the microarray data. The association between NR_030675 and Apobec3b levels was confirmed, which may be related to neuropathic pain.

Conclusion

Our study reveals lncRNA and mRNA of molecule targets that are enriched in the spinal cord dorsal horn and provides new information for further investigation on the mechanisms and therapeutics of neuropathic pain.

The etiological roles of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in neuropathic pain: A narrative review

Background

Non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in neuropathic pain development. Herein, we systematically searched for neuropathic pain‐related ncRNAs expression changes, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular non‐coding RNAs (circRNAs).

Methods

We searched two databases, PubMed and GeenMedical, for relevant studies.

Results

Peripheral nerve injury or noxious stimuli can induce extensive changes in the expression of ncRNAs. For example, higher serum miR‐132‐3p, ‐146b‐5p, and ‐384 was observed in neuropathic pain patients. Either sciatic nerve ligation, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) transaction, or ventral root transection (VRT) could upregulate miR‐21 and miR‐31 while downregulating miR‐668 and miR‐672 in the injured DRG. lncRNAs, such as early growth response 2‐antisense‐RNA (Egr2‐AS‐RNA) and Kcna2‐AS‐RNA, were upregulated in Schwann cells and inflicted DRG after nerve injury, respectively. Dysregulated circRNA homeodomain‐interacting protein kinase 3 (circHIPK3) in serum and the DRG, abnormally expressed lncRNAs X‐inactive specific transcript (XIST), nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1), small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1), as well as ciRS‐7, zinc finger protein 609 (cirZNF609), circ_0005075, and circAnks1a in the spinal cord were suggested to participate in neuropathic pain development. Dysregulated miRNAs contribute to neuropathic pain via neuroinflammation, autophagy, abnormal ion channel expression, regulating pain‐related mediators, protein kinases, structural proteins, neurotransmission excitatory–inhibitory imbalances, or exosome miRNA‐mediated neuron–glia communication. In addition, lncRNAs and circRNAs are essential in neuropathic pain by acting as antisense RNA and miRNA sponges, epigenetically regulating pain‐related molecules expression, or modulating miRNA processing.

Conclusions

Numerous dysregulated ncRNAs have been suggested to participate in neuropathic pain development. However, there is much work to be done before ncRNA‐based analgesics can be clinically used for various reasons such as conservation among species, proper delivery, stability, and off‐target effects.

Physiotherapy treatment of lateral epicondylitis: A systematic review

BACKGROUND

Lateral epicondylitis is a tendinopathy with a prevalence of between 1-3% of the population aged 35-54 years. It is a pathology with a favorable evolution, but with frequent recurrences (which imply an economic extra cost).

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this review was to determine the efficacy of physiotherapy treatment for the treatment of epicondylitis and, if any, to identify the most appropriate techniques.

METHODS

A systematic search was carried out in October 2020 in the databases of PubMed, Cinahl, Scopus, Medline and Web of Science using the search terms: Physical therapy modalities, Physical and rehabilitation medicine, Rehabilitation, Tennis elbow and Elbow tendinopathy.

RESULTS

Nineteen articles were found, of which seven applied shock waves, three applied orthoses, three applied different manual therapy techniques, two applied some kind of bandage, one applied therapeutic exercise, one applied diacutaneous fibrolysis, one applied high intensity laser, and one applied vibration.

CONCLUSIONS

Manual therapy and eccentric strength training are the two physiotherapeutic treatment methods that have the greatest beneficial effects, and, furthermore, their cost-benefit ratio is very favorable. Its complementation with other techniques, such as shock waves, bandages or Kinesio® taping, among others, facilitates the achievement of therapeutic objectives, but entails an added cost.

New Vistas in microRNA Regulatory Interactome in Neuropathic Pain

Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain condition seen in patients with diabetic neuropathy, cancer chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, idiopathic neuropathy as well as other diseases affecting the nervous system. Only a small percentage of people with neuropathic pain benefit from current medications. The complexity of the disease, poor identification/lack of diagnostic and prognostic markers limit current strategies for the management of neuropathic pain. Multiple genes and pathways involved in human diseases can be regulated by microRNA (miRNA) which are small non-coding RNA. Several miRNAs are found to be dysregulated in neuropathic pain. These miRNAs regulate expression of various genes associated with neuroinflammation and pain, thus, regulating neuropathic pain. Some of these key players include adenylate cyclase (Ac9), toll-like receptor 8 (Tlr8), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and RAS p21 protein activator 1 (Rasa1). With advancements in high-throughput technology and better computational power available for research in present-day pharmacology, biomarker discovery has entered a very exciting phase. We dissect the architecture of miRNA biological networks encompassing both human and rodent microRNAs involved in the development of neuropathic pain. We delineate various microRNAs, and their targets, that may likely serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic intervention in neuropathic pain. miRNAs mediate their effects in neuropathic pain by signal transduction through IRAK/TRAF6, TLR4/NF-κB, TXIP/NLRP3 inflammasome, MAP Kinase, TGFβ and TLR5 signaling pathways. Taken together, the elucidation of the landscape of signature miRNA regulatory networks in neuropathic pain will facilitate the discovery of novel miRNA/target biomarkers for more effective management of neuropathic pain.

Functional mechanism of hsa-miR-128-3p in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer cells via ZEB1 regulation

Pancreatic cancer (PC) often correlates with high mortality due to late diagnosis, rapid metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. miR-128-3p has been validated as a tumor suppressor in PC. This study explored the functional mechanism of miR-128-3p in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PC cells. Four PC cancer cell lines with different degrees of malignancy and normal pancreatic cells were selected to detect expressions of hsa-miR-128-3p and ZEB1 by RT-qPCR and Western blot. miR-128-3p mimic or si-ZEB1 was delivered into PANC-1 cells and miR-128-3p inhibitor or oe-ZEB1 was delivered into AsPC-1 cells. Expressions of epithelial and mesenchymal markers were analyzed by Western blot and cell fluorescence staining. The binding relationship between miR-128-3p and ZEB1 was examined by bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase assay, and verified by RT-qPCR and Western blot. PC cell invasion and migration were assessed by Transwell assays. Generally, hsa-miR-128-3p was poorly-expressed in PC cells. However, it was relatively more expressed in AsPC-1 cells with epithelial phenotypes relative to PANC-1 cells with mesenchymal phenotype, whereas ZEB1 expression showed opposite tendencies. PANC-1 cells transfected with miR-128-3p mimic or si-ZEB1 showed upregulated E-cadherin and downregulated N-cadherin, and transformed from mesenchymal phenotypes to epithelial phenotypes, with decreased invasion and migration, while opposite results occurred in AsPC-1 cells transfected with miR-128-3p inhibitor or oe-ZEB1. miR-128-3p targeted ZEB1. oe-ZEB1 antagonized the inhibition of miR-128-3p mimic on PANC-1 cell EMT, invasion, and migration, while si-ZEB1 reversed the facilitation of miR-128-3p inhibitor in AsPC-1 cells. In conclusion, miR-128-3p inhibited PC cell EMT, invasion, and migration by targeting ZEB1.

rno-miR-128-3p promotes apoptosis in rat granulosa cells (GCs) induced by norepinephrine through Wilms tumor 1 (WT1)

The mechanism related to ovarian follicular is complex, which has not been fully elucidated. Abundant reports have confirmed that the ovarian function development is closely related to sympathetic innervation. As one of the major neurotransmitters, norepinephrine (NE) is considered an effective regulator of ovarian functions like granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis. However, the mechanism between NE and GC apoptosis in rat is still unclear. In our study, GCs were isolated and cultured in vitro with NE treatment. The apoptosis of GCs was facilitated by NE. Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) was found to be significantly downregulated in GCs after NE treatment, and overexpression of WT1 repressed apoptosis in rat GCs induced by NE. rno-miR-128-3p was found to be significantly enhanced by NE in GCs, and inhibition of rno-miR-128-3p repressed apoptosis in rat GCs induced by NE. Mechanistically, rno-miR-128-3p interacted with WT1 and repressed its expression. In summary, inhibition of rno-miR-128-3p may enhance WT1 expression, and then repress NE-induced apoptosis in rat GCs. Our research may provide a new insight for the improvement of ovarian follicular development.

miR-128-3p reduced acute lung injury induced by sepsis via targeting PEL12

Objective

Acute lung injury (ALI) caused by sepsis is clinically a syndrome, which is featured by damage to the alveolar epithelium and endothelium. In this study, we employed mice models of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and primary mice pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MPVECs) in vitro to investigate the effect of miR-128-3p in ALI caused by sepsis.

Methods

miR-128-3p agomir or randomized control were injected into adult male C57BL/6 mice 1 week before the CLP surgery. We used miR-128-3p agomir or scrambled control to transfect MPVECs and then employed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation on the cells. Pellino homolog 2 (PELI2) was predicted to be a direct target of miR-128-3p via luciferase reporter assay. MPVECs were cotransfected with lentiviral vector that expressed PELI2 (or empty vector) as well as miR-128-3p-mimics 1 day before LPS stimulation in rescue experiment. Transcriptional activity of caspase-3, cell apoptosis rate, and the expression levels of miR-128-3p, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and PELI2 were analyzed.

Results

Compared with the sham group, the lung of mice in the CLP group showed pulmonary morphological abnormalities, and the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β, caspase-3 activity, and apoptosis rate were significantly upregulated in the CLP group. Inflammatory factor levels and apoptosis rate were also significantly induced by LPS stimulation on MPVECs. Upregulation of miR-128-3p effectively inhibited sepsis-induced ALI, apoptosis as well as inflammation. miR-128-3p also played a role in antiapoptosis and anti-inflammation in MPVECs with LPS treatment. PEL12 upregulation in MPVECs alleviated miR-128-3p-induced caspase-3 activity inhibition and pro-inflammatory factor production.

Conclusions

miR-128-3p enabled to alleviate sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting PEL12 expression, indicating a novel treatment strategy of miR-128-3p for sepsis-induced ALI.

Puerarin alleviates vincristine-induced neuropathic pain and neuroinflammation via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB and activation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway in rats

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain harms the quality of life patients. Vincristine is an often used chemotherapeutic drug that evokes neuralgia via inflammation. Puerarin (Pue) extracted from Puerariae Lobatae Radix has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects; however, its possible effect and mechanism in vincristine (Vin)-induced neuropathic pain has not been investigated. The present research aimed to explore whether Pue could relieve chemotherapy-evoked neuropathic pain and the underlying mechanism actions. Rat neuropathic pain was established by intraperitoneal injection of vincristine. Pue was orally administered in two dose levels (25 or 50 mg/kg/d) for three weeks. The paw withdrawal latency and paw withdrawal threshold were performed to evaluate the pain behaviors. Inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion were measured by ELISA kits. qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining were employed to measure the level and expression feature of inflammatory cytokines. Our findings showed that Pue improved hyperalgesia and allodynia. Treatment with Pue restored the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β and increased the levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). On the molecular level, treatment with Pue down-regulated the protein levels of IL-1β, and NF-κBp65 and up-regulated the protein levels of TGF-β, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 (TGF-β/Smad) in the spinal cord and DRG. Immunofluorescence staining further demonstrated that Pue decreased the NF-κBp65 protein. Our findings imply that Pue relieved chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain might be attributable to the suppression of inflammation cytokines. The anti-inflammation action of Pue might be associated with the activation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway, a novel mechanism exploring its prophylactic effect in vincristine-induced neuropathic pain.