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Neves LT, Paz LV, Wieck A, Mestriner RG, de Miranda Monteiro VAC, Xavier LL. Environmental Enrichment in Stroke Research: an Update. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:339-351. [PMID: 36717476 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) refers to different forms of stimulation, where the environment is designed to improve the levels of sensory, cognitive, and motor stimuli, inducing stroke recovery in animal models. Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and neurological disability among older adults, hence the importance of developing strategies to improve recovery for such patients. This review provides an update on recent findings, compiling information regarding the parameters affected by EE exposure in both preclinical and clinical studies. During stroke recovery, EE exposure has been shown to improve both the cognitive and locomotor aspects, inducing important neuroplastic alterations, increased angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and modified gene expression, among other effects. There is a need for further research in this field, particularly in those aspects where the evidence is inconclusive. Moreover, it is necessary refine and adapt the EE paradigms for application in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tartari Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Lisiê Valéria Paz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Andréa Wieck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Régis Gemerasca Mestriner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Valentina Aguiar Cardozo de Miranda Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Léder Leal Xavier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil.
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Yilmaz E, Acar G, Onal U, Erdogan E, Baltaci AK, Mogulkoc R. Effect of 2-Week Naringin Supplementation on Neurogenesis and BDNF Levels in Ischemia-Reperfusion Model of Rats. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:4. [PMID: 38457013 PMCID: PMC10924031 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide with more than half of survivors living with serious neurological sequelae; thus, it has recently attracted a lot of attention in the field of medical study. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of naringin supplementation on neurogenesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the brain in experimental brain ischemia-reperfusion. STUDY DESIGN The research was carried out on 40 male Wistar-type rats (10-12 weeks old) obtained from the Experimental Animals Research and Application Center of Selçuk University. Experimental groups were as follows: (1) Control group, (2) Sham group, (3) Brain ischemia-reperfusion group, (4) Brain ischemia-reperfusion + vehicle group (administered for 14 days), and (5) Brain ischemia-reperfusion + Naringin group (100 mg/kg/day administered for 14 days). METHODS In the ischemia-reperfusion groups, global ischemia was performed in the brain by ligation of the right and left carotid arteries for 30 min. Naringin was administered to experimental animals by intragastric route for 14 days following reperfusion. The training phase of the rotarod test was started 4 days before ischemia-reperfusion, and the test phase together with neurological scoring was performed the day before and 1, 7, and 14 days after the operation. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed, and then hippocampus and frontal cortex tissues were taken from the brain. Double cortin marker (DCX), neuronal nuclear antigen marker (NeuN), and BDNF were evaluated in hippocampus and frontal cortex tissues by Real-Time qPCR analysis and immunohistochemistry methods. RESULTS While ischemia-reperfusion increased the neurological score values, DCX, NeuN, and BDNF levels decreased significantly after ischemia in the hippocampus and frontal cortex tissues. However, naringin supplementation restored the deterioration to a certain extent. CONCLUSION The results of the study show that 2 weeks of naringin supplementation may have protective effects on impaired neurogenesis and BDNF levels after brain ischemia and reperfusion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Physiology, Selcuk University, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gozde Acar
- Department of Medical Physiology, Selcuk University, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ummugulsum Onal
- Department of Histology, Selcuk University, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ender Erdogan
- Department of Histology, Selcuk University, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Department of Medical Physiology, Selcuk University, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
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Wu S, Guo W, Chen L, Lin X, Tang M, Lin C, Guo H, Zhang T, Gao Y. Downregulation of Gadd45β alleviates osteoarthritis by repressing lipopolysaccharide-induced fibroblast-like synoviocyte inflammation, proliferation and migration. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111202. [PMID: 37988908 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gadd45β have a regulatory role in cellular inflammation, proliferation and migration. However, the role of Gadd45β in synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA) remains to be explored. This study aimed to ascertain whether Gadd45β is involved in OA synovial inflammation. METHODS The rat model was induced by sodium iodoacetate and the cellular model was constructed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). siRNA was applied to interfere with the expression of intracellular Gadd45β. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were used to detect the expression of Gadd45β mRNA and protein. The inflammation, proliferation, and migration of OA-FLSs were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cell scratch assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay, etc. The effect of downregulation of Gadd45β on the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway was investigated. RESULTS Expression of Gadd45β in OA rat synovial tissues and OA-FLSs was increased, and LPS treatment promoted cell proliferation and enhanced cell migration. Gadd45β interference inhibited the inflammation, proliferation and migration of cells induced by LPS. LPS promoted P65 expression in the nucleus and activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, whereas si-Gadd45β reversed this situation. CONCLUSIONS si-Gadd45β inhibited the inflammatory response, proliferation and migration of FLSs, and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which could delay the progression of OA. Hence, it may become a potential therapeutic target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyu Wu
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Chen
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Xinxin Lin
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China; Department of Pathology, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Minjie Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Cheng Lin
- The School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Hanzhi Guo
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Tianwen Zhang
- Fujian Fishery Resources Monitoring Center, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
| | - Yao Gao
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Technology for Precision Medicine (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian, China.
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Nie L, He J, Wang J, Wang R, Huang L, Jia L, Kim YT, Bhawal UK, Fan X, Zille M, Jiang C, Chen X, Wang J. Environmental Enrichment for Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms and Translational Implications. Compr Physiol 2023; 14:5291-5323. [PMID: 38158368 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c230007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Acquired brain injuries, such as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and traumatic brain injury (TBI), can cause severe neurologic damage and even death. Unfortunately, currently, there are no effective and safe treatments to reduce the high disability and mortality rates associated with these brain injuries. However, environmental enrichment (EE) is an emerging approach to treating and rehabilitating acquired brain injuries by promoting motor, sensory, and social stimulation. Multiple preclinical studies have shown that EE benefits functional recovery, including improved motor and cognitive function and psychological benefits mediated by complex protective signaling pathways. This article provides an overview of the enriched environment protocols used in animal models of ischemic stroke, ICH, and TBI, as well as relevant clinical studies, with a particular focus on ischemic stroke. Additionally, we explored studies of animals with stroke and TBI exposed to EE alone or in combination with multiple drugs and other rehabilitation modalities. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical applications of EE in future brain rehabilitation therapy and the molecular and cellular changes caused by EE in rodents with stroke or TBI. This article aims to advance preclinical and clinical research on EE rehabilitation therapy for acquired brain injury. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5291-5323, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Nie
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxin He
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Brain Science Research and Transformation in the Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruike Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Leo Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ujjal K Bhawal
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xiaochong Fan
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Marietta Zille
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Yılmaz E, Baltaci SB, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK. The impact of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenic process in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults: a narrative review. Nutr Neurosci 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38151886 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2296165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide with more than half of survivors living with serious neurological sequelae thus, it has recently attracted considerable attention in the field of medical research. Neurogenesis is the process of formation of new neurons in the brain, including the human brain, from neural stem/progenitor cells [NS/PCs] which reside in neurogenic niches that contain the necessary substances for NS/PC proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation into functioning neurons which can integrate into a pre-existing neural network.Neurogenesis can be modulated by many exogenous and endogenous factors, pathological conditions. Both brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and flavonoids can modulate the neurogenic process in physiological conditions and after various pathological conditions including ischemic insults. AIMS This review aims to discuss neurogenesis after ischemic insults and to determine the role of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions with a concentration on ischemic insults to the brain in particular. METHOD Relevant articles assessing the impact of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenic processes in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults within the timeline of 1965 until 2023 were searched using the PubMed database. CONCLUSIONS The selected studies have shown that ischemic insults to the brain induce NS/PC proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation into functioning neurons integrating into a pre-existing neural network. Flavonoids and BDNF can modulate neurogenesis in the brain in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults. In conclusion, flavonoids and BDNF may be involved in post-ischemic brain repair processes through enhancing endogenous neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Yılmaz
- Selcuk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Selcuk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey
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Zhou L, Jin Y, Wu D, Cun Y, Zhang C, Peng Y, Chen N, Yang X, Zhang S, Ning R, Kuang P, Wang Z, Zhang P. Current evidence, clinical applications, and future directions of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for ischemic stroke. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1177283. [PMID: 37534033 PMCID: PMC10390744 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1177283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain neurostimulation technique that can be used as one of the adjunctive treatment techniques for neurological recovery after stroke. Animal studies have shown that TMS treatment of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model reduced cerebral infarct volume and improved neurological dysfunction in model rats. In addition, clinical case reports have also shown that TMS treatment has positive neuroprotective effects in stroke patients, improving a variety of post-stroke neurological deficits such as motor function, swallowing, cognitive function, speech function, central post-stroke pain, spasticity, and other post-stroke sequelae. However, even though numerous studies have shown a neuroprotective effect of TMS in stroke patients, its possible neuroprotective mechanism is not clear. Therefore, in this review, we describe the potential mechanisms of TMS to improve neurological function in terms of neurogenesis, angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and anti-apoptosis, and provide insight into the current clinical application of TMS in multiple neurological dysfunctions in stroke. Finally, some of the current challenges faced by TMS are summarized and some suggestions for its future research directions are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yaju Jin
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Danli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yongdan Cun
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Chengcai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yicheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Na Chen
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xichen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Simei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Ning
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zuhong Wang
- Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Han PP, Han Y, Shen XY, Gao ZK, Bi X. Enriched environment-induced neuroplasticity in ischemic stroke and its underlying mechanisms. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1210361. [PMID: 37484824 PMCID: PMC10360187 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1210361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease that can interrupt local blood flow in the brain, causing neuronal damage or even death, resulting in varying degrees of neurological dysfunction. Neuroplasticity is an important neurological function that helps neurons reorganize and regain function after injury. After cerebral ischemia, neuroplasticity changes are critical factors for restoring brain function. An enriched environment promotes increased neuroplasticity, thereby aiding stroke recovery. In this review, we discuss the positive effects of the enriched environment on neuroplasticity after cerebral ischemia, including synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis. In addition, we also introduce some studies on the clinical application of enriched environments in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients, hoping that they can provide some inspiration for doctors and therapists looking for new approaches to stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ya Shen
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Gao
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Gao J, Yao M, Chang D, Liu J. mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin): Hitting the Bull's Eye for Enhancing Neurogenesis After Cerebral Ischemia? Stroke 2023; 54:279-285. [PMID: 36321454 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of morbidity and disability around the world. The sequelae of serious neurological damage are irreversible due to body's own limited repair capacity. However, endogenous neurogenesis induced by cerebral ischemia plays a critical role in the repair and regeneration of impaired neural cells after ischemic brain injury. mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) kinase has been suggested to regulate neural stem cells ability to self-renew and differentiate into proliferative daughter cells, thus leading to improved cell growth, proliferation, and survival. In this review, we summarized the current evidence to support that mTOR signaling pathways may enhance neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and synaptic plasticity following cerebral ischemia, which could highlight the potential of mTOR to be a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China (J.G., M.Y., J.L.)
| | - Mingjiang Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China (J.G., M.Y., J.L.)
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia (D.C.)
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China (J.G., M.Y., J.L.)
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Liu C, Yang ZX, Zhou SQ, Ding D, Hu YT, Yang HN, Han D, Hu SQ, Zong XM. Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor enhances the neuroprotective effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1286-1292. [PMID: 36453413 PMCID: PMC9838145 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.358609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) might have therapeutic potency in ischemic stroke, the benefits are limited. The current study investigated the effects of BMSCs engineered to overexpress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on behavioral defects in a rat model of transient cerebral ischemia, which was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. VEGF-BMSCs or control grafts were injected into the left striatum of the infarcted hemisphere 24 hours after stroke. We found that compared with the stroke-only group and the vehicle- and BMSCs-control groups, the VEGF-BMSCs treated animals displayed the largest benefits, as evidenced by attenuated behavioral defects and smaller infarct volume 7 days after stroke. Additionally, VEGF-BMSCs greatly inhibited destruction of the blood-brain barrier, increased the regeneration of blood vessels in the region of ischemic penumbra, and reducedneuronal degeneration surrounding the infarct core. Further mechanistic studies showed that among all transplant groups, VEGF-BMSCs transplantation induced the highest level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These results suggest that BMSCs transplantation with vascular endothelial growth factor has the potential to treat ischemic stroke with better results than are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Liu
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Emergency Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Emergency Department of Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yang
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Emergency Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Si-Qi Zhou
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Emergency Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Emergency Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Ting Hu
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Emergency Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Ning Yang
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Emergency Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong Han
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Emergency Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu-Qun Hu
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Emergency Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Correspondence to: Xue-Mei Zong, ; Shu-Qun Hu, .
| | - Xue-Mei Zong
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Emergency Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Diseases Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Correspondence to: Xue-Mei Zong, ; Shu-Qun Hu, .
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Shen XY, Shi SH, Li H, Wang CC, Zhang Y, Yu H, Li YB, Liu B. The role of Gadd45b in neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders: An overview. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1021207. [PMID: 36311022 PMCID: PMC9606402 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1021207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible beta (Gadd45b) is directly intertwined with stress-induced DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, survival, and apoptosis. Previous research on Gadd45b has focused chiefly on non-neuronal cells. Gadd45b is extensively expressed in the nervous system and plays a critical role in epigenetic DNA demethylation, neuroplasticity, and neuroprotection, according to accumulating evidence. This article provided an overview of the preclinical and clinical effects of Gadd45b, as well as its hypothesized mechanisms of action, focusing on major psychosis, depression, autism, stroke, seizure, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and autoimmune diseases of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-yue Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shu-han Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Cong-cong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-bin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Yan-bin Li,
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Liu,
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11
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Zhang H, Xie Q, Hu J. Neuroprotective Effect of Physical Activity in Ischemic Stroke: Focus on the Neurovascular Unit. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:860573. [PMID: 35317197 PMCID: PMC8934401 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.860573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the major diseases associated with death or disability among patients. To date, there is a lack of effective treatments, with the exception of thrombolytic therapy that can be administered during the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Cerebral ischemia can cause a variety of pathological changes, including microvascular basal membrane matrix, endothelial cell activation, and astrocyte adhesion, which may affect signal transduction between the microvessels and neurons. Therefore, researchers put forward the concept of neurovascular unit, including neurons, axons, astrocytes, microvasculature (including endothelial cells, basal membrane matrix, and pericyte), and oligodendrocytes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that exercise can produce protective effects in cerebral ischemia, and that exercise may protect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, promote neovascularization, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and eventually lead to an improvement in neurological function after cerebral ischemia. In this review, we summarized the potential mechanisms on the effect of exercise on cerebral ischemia, by mainly focusing on the neurovascular unit, with the aim of providing a novel therapeutic strategy for future treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Inpatient Department, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Yu Quan dao Health Center, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Hu,
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12
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Yang L, Qian J, Yang B, He Q, Wang J, Weng Q. Challenges and Improvements of Novel Therapies for Ischemic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:721156. [PMID: 34658860 PMCID: PMC8514732 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.721156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the third most common disease all over the world, which is regarded as a hotspot in medical research because of its high mortality and morbidity. Stroke, especially ischemic stroke, causes severe neural cell death, and no effective therapy is currently available for neuroregeneration after stroke. Although many therapies have been shown to be effective in preclinical studies of ischemic stroke, almost none of them passed clinical trials, and the reasons for most failures have not been well identified. In this review, we focus on several novel methods, such as traditional Chinese medicine, stem cell therapy, and exosomes that have not been used for ischemic stroke till recent decades. We summarize the proposed basic mechanisms underlying these therapies and related clinical results, discussing advantages and current limitations for each therapy emphatically. Based on the limitations such as side effects, narrow therapeutic window, and less accumulation at the injury region, structure transformation and drug combination are subsequently applied, providing a deep understanding to develop effective treatment strategies for ischemic stroke in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Center for Drug and Cosmetic Evaluation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Berlet R, Anthony S, Brooks B, Wang ZJ, Sadanandan N, Shear A, Cozene B, Gonzales-Portillo B, Parsons B, Salazar FE, Lezama Toledo AR, Monroy GR, Gonzales-Portillo JV, Borlongan CV. Combination of Stem Cells and Rehabilitation Therapies for Ischemic Stroke. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1316. [PMID: 34572529 PMCID: PMC8468342 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation therapy presents an effective stroke treatment. Here, we discuss current breakthroughs in stem cell research along with rehabilitation strategies that may have a synergistic outcome when combined together after stroke. Indeed, stem cell transplantation offers a promising new approach and may add to current rehabilitation therapies. By reviewing the pathophysiology of stroke and the mechanisms by which stem cells and rehabilitation attenuate this inflammatory process, we hypothesize that a combined therapy will provide better functional outcomes for patients. Using current preclinical data, we explore the prominent types of stem cells, the existing theories for stem cell repair, rehabilitation treatments inside the brain, rehabilitation modalities outside the brain, and evidence pertaining to the benefits of combined therapy. In this review article, we assess the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation to mitigate the devastating effects of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Berlet
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Beverly Brooks
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | - Zhen-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | | | - Alex Shear
- University of Florida, 205 Fletcher Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Blaise Cozene
- Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | | | - Blake Parsons
- Washington and Lee University, 204 W Washington St, Lexington, VA 24450, USA;
| | - Felipe Esparza Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Alma R. Lezama Toledo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Germán Rivera Monroy
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | | | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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