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De Jager JE, Boesjes R, Roelandt GHJ, Koliaki I, Sommer IEC, Schoevers RA, Nuninga JO. Shared effects of electroconvulsive shocks and ketamine on neuroplasticity: A systematic review of animal models of depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105796. [PMID: 38981574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) and ketamine are antidepressant treatments with a relatively fast onset of therapeutic effects compared to conventional medication and psychotherapy. While the exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying the antidepressant response of ECS and ketamine are unknown, both interventions are associated with neuroplasticity. Restoration of neuroplasticity may be a shared mechanism underlying the antidepressant efficacy of these interventions. In this systematic review, literature of animal models of depression is summarized to examine the possible role of neuroplasticity in ECS and ketamine on a molecular, neuronal, synaptic and functional level, and specifically to what extent these mechanisms are shared between both interventions. The results highlight that hippocampal neurogenesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels are consistently increased after ECS and ketamine. Moreover, both interventions positively affect glutamatergic neurotransmission, astrocyte and neuronal morphology, synaptic density, vasculature and functional plasticity. However, a small number of studies investigated these processes after ECS. Understanding the shared fundamental mechanisms of fast-acting antidepressants can contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for patients with severe depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesca E De Jager
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Center, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Rutger Boesjes
- University Centre of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs H J Roelandt
- University Centre of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ilektra Koliaki
- University Centre of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris E C Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Center, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert A Schoevers
- University Centre of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper O Nuninga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Center, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, the Netherlands
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2
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Piazza MK, Kavalali ET, Monteggia LM. Ketamine induced synaptic plasticity operates independently of long-term potentiation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01895-2. [PMID: 38898206 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity occurs via multiple mechanisms to regulate synaptic efficacy. Homeostatic and Hebbian plasticity are two such mechanisms by which neuronal synapses can be altered. Although these two processes are mechanistically distinct, they converge on downstream regulation of AMPA receptor activity to modify glutamatergic neurotransmission. However, much remains to be explored regarding how these two prominent forms of plasticity interact. Ketamine, a rapidly acting antidepressant, increases glutamatergic transmission via pharmacologically-induced homeostatic plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that Hebbian plasticity mechanisms are still intact in synapses that have undergone homeostatic scaling by ketamine after either systemic injection or perfusion onto hippocampal brain slices. We also investigated this relationship in the context of stress induced by chronic exposure to corticosterone (CORT) to better model the circumstances under which ketamine may be used as an antidepressant. We found that CORT induced an anhedonia-like behavioral phenotype in mice but did not impair long-term potentiation (LTP) induction. Furthermore, corticosterone exposure does not impact the intersection of homeostatic and Hebbian plasticity mechanisms, as synapses from CORT-exposed mice also demonstrated intact ketamine-induced plasticity and LTP in succession. These results provide a mechanistic explanation for how ketamine used for the treatment of depression does not impair the integrity of learning and memory processes encoded by mechanisms such as LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Piazza
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240-7933, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240-7933, USA
| | - Ege T Kavalali
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240-7933, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240-7933, USA
| | - Lisa M Monteggia
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240-7933, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240-7933, USA.
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Logue JB, Vilmont V, Zhang J, Wu Y, Zhou Y. Inhibition of 14-3-3 proteins increases the intrinsic excitability of mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:3309-3321. [PMID: 38646841 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are a family of regulatory proteins that are abundantly expressed in the brain and enriched at the synapse. Dysfunctions of these proteins have been linked to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Our group has previously shown that functional inhibition of these proteins by a peptide inhibitor, difopein, in the mouse brain causes behavioural alterations and synaptic plasticity impairment in the hippocampus. Recently, we found an increased cFOS expression in difopein-expressing dorsal CA1 pyramidal neurons, indicating enhanced neuronal activity by 14-3-3 inhibition in these cells. In this study, we used slice electrophysiology to determine the effects of 14-3-3 inhibition on the intrinsic excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons from a transgenic 14-3-3 functional knockout (FKO) mouse line. Our data demonstrate an increase in intrinsic excitability associated with 14-3-3 inhibition, as well as reveal action potential firing pattern shifts after novelty-induced hyperlocomotion in the 14-3-3 FKO mice. These results provide novel information on the role 14-3-3 proteins play in regulating intrinsic and activity-dependent neuronal excitability in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B Logue
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Violet Vilmont
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jiajing Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yuying Wu
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Frayre P, Ponce-Rubio K, Frayre J, Medrano J, Na ES. POMC-specific knockdown of MeCP2 leads to adverse phenotypes in mice chronically exposed to high fat diet. Behav Brain Res 2024; 461:114863. [PMID: 38224819 PMCID: PMC10872214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is an epigenetic factor associated with the neurodevelopmental disorders Rett Syndrome and MECP2 duplication syndrome. Previous studies have demonstrated that knocking out MeCP2 globally in the central nervous system leads to an obese phenotype and hyperphagia, however it is not clear if the hyperphagia is the result of an increased preference for food reward or due to an increase in motivation to obtain food reward. We show that mice deficient in MeCP2 specifically in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons have an increased preference for high fat diet as measured by conditioned place preference but do not have a greater motivation to obtain food reward using a progressive ratio task, relative to wildtype littermate controls. We also demonstrate that POMC-Cre MeCP2 knockout (KO) mice have increased body weight after long-term high fat diet exposure as well as elevated plasma leptin and corticosterone levels compared to wildtype mice. Taken together, these results are the first to show that POMC-specific loss-of-function Mecp2 mutations leads to dissociable effects on the rewarding/motivational properties of food as well as changes to hormones associated with body weight homeostasis and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Frayre
- Texas Woman's University, School of Social Work, Psychology, & Philosophy, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Karen Ponce-Rubio
- Texas Woman's University, School of Social Work, Psychology, & Philosophy, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Frayre
- Texas Woman's University, School of Social Work, Psychology, & Philosophy, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Jacquelin Medrano
- Texas Woman's University, School of Social Work, Psychology, & Philosophy, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Elisa Sun Na
- Texas Woman's University, School of Social Work, Psychology, & Philosophy, Denton, TX, USA.
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Ledesma-Corvi S, Jornet-Plaza J, Gálvez-Melero L, García-Fuster MJ. Novel rapid treatment options for adolescent depression. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107085. [PMID: 38309382 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for novel fast-acting antidepressants for adolescent treatment-resistant depression and/or suicidal risk, since the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors that are clinically approved for that age (i.e., fluoxetine or escitalopram) take weeks to work. In this context, one of the main research lines of our group is to characterize at the preclinical level novel approaches for rapid-acting antidepressants for adolescence. The present review summarizes the potential use in adolescence of non-pharmacological options, such as neuromodulators (electroconvulsive therapy and other innovative types of brain stimulation), as well as pharmacological options, including consciousness-altering drugs (mainly ketamine but also classical psychedelics) and cannabinoids (i.e., cannabidiol), with promising fast-acting responses. Following a brief analytical explanation of adolescent depression, we present a general introduction for each therapeutical approach together with the clinical evidence supporting its potential beneficial use in adolescence (mainly extrapolated from prior successful examples for adults), to then report recent and/or ongoing preclinical studies that will aid in improving the inclusion of these therapies in the clinic, by considering potential sex-, age-, and dose-related differences, and/or other factors that might affect efficacy or long-term safety. Finally, we conclude the review by providing future avenues to maximize treatment response, including the need for more clinical studies and the importance of designing and/or testing novel treatment options that are safe and fast-acting for adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ledesma-Corvi
- Neuropharmacology Research Group, IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Jordi Jornet-Plaza
- Neuropharmacology Research Group, IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Gálvez-Melero
- Neuropharmacology Research Group, IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - M Julia García-Fuster
- Neuropharmacology Research Group, IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
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Nikolaienko O, Klymenko M, Isaeva E. Consequences of adolescent social isolation on behavior and synaptic plasticity in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus in male Wistar rats. Neurol Res 2023; 45:1152-1160. [PMID: 37698124 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2257444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social interaction at a young age plays a critical role in the normal maturation of the brain and neuroendocrine system. Deprivation of social contacts has been associated with numerous cognitive and emotional abnormalities. However, neurobiological mechanisms that may underlie these effects remain poorly understood. In the present study, we examined the effect of 4-6-week social isolation during the adolescent period on rat spatial memory and emotional responses and investigated synaptic plasticity in the dorsal (DH) and ventral hippocampus (VH), which are known to be differently involved in these behaviors. METHODS Male Wistar rats were housed individually or in groups of four for 4-6 weeks immediately after weaning. At the end of the isolation period, rats were subjected to behavioral testing or electrophysiological studies. Behavioral tests included behavioral excitability, sucrose preference, open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM), Morris water maze (MWM), and Y-maze test. For plasticity experiments, long-term potentiation (LTP) in Schaffer collateral/СA1 synapses was induced using high-frequency stimulation (HFS) on transverse hippocampal slices. RESULTS Social isolation induced hyperexcitability, increased anxiety- and anhedonia-like behaviors, while no significant changes were observed in cognitive tasks. Electrophysiological recordings revealed enhanced short-term potentiation (STP) in the VH and suppressed LTP in the DH of isolated animals compared to group-housed controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that adolescent social isolation has distinct effects on synaptic plasticity in the VH and DH and leads to emotional dysregulation rather than impairments in cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Nikolaienko
- Department of Cellular Membranology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mariia Klymenko
- Department of Cellular Membranology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Elena Isaeva
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Dandi Ε, Theotokis P, Petri MC, Sideropoulou V, Spandou E, Tata DA. Environmental enrichment initiated in adolescence restores the reduced expression of synaptophysin and GFAP in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats in a sex-specific manner. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22422. [PMID: 37796476 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating whether environmental enrichment (EE) initiated in adolescence can alter chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-associated changes in astroglial and synaptic plasticity markers in male and female rats. To this end, we studied possible alterations in hippocampal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and synaptophysin (SYN) in CUS rats previously housed in EE. Wistar rats on postnatal day (PND) 23 were housed for 10 weeks in standard housing (SH) or enriched conditions. On PND 66, animals were exposed to CUS for 4 weeks. SYN and GFAP expressions were evaluated in CA1 and CA3 subfields and dentate gyrus (DG). CUS reduced the expression of SYN in all hippocampal areas, whereas lower GFAP expression was evident only in CA1 and CA3. The reduced expression of SYN in DG and CA3 was evident to male SH/CUS rats, whereas the reduced GFAP expression in CA1 and CA3 was limited to SH/CUS females. EE housing increased the hippocampal expression of both markers and protected against CUS-associated decreases. Our findings indicate that the decreases in the expression of SYN and GFAP following CUS are region and sex-specific and underline the neuroprotective role of EE against these CUS-associated changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Εvgenia Dandi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Christina Petri
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vaia Sideropoulou
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Spandou
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despina A Tata
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Jeste DV, Malaspina D, Bagot K, Barch DM, Cole S, Dickerson F, Dilmore A, Ford CL, Karcher NR, Luby J, Rajji T, Pinto-Tomas AA, Young LJ. Review of Major Social Determinants of Health in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Psychotic Disorders: III. Biology. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:867-880. [PMID: 37023360 PMCID: PMC10318888 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health (SDoHs) are nonmedical factors that significantly impact health and longevity. We found no published reviews on the biology of SDoHs in schizophrenia-spectrum psychotic disorders (SSPD). STUDY DESIGN We present an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and neurobiological processes plausibly involved in the effects of major SDoHs on clinical outcomes in SSPD. STUDY RESULTS This review of the biology of SDoHs focuses on early-life adversities, poverty, social disconnection, discrimination including racism, migration, disadvantaged neighborhoods, and food insecurity. These factors interact with psychological and biological factors to increase the risk and worsen the course and prognosis of schizophrenia. Published studies on the topic are limited by cross-sectional design, variable clinical and biomarker assessments, heterogeneous methods, and a lack of control for confounding variables. Drawing on preclinical and clinical studies, we propose a biological framework to consider the likely pathogenesis. Putative systemic pathophysiological processes include epigenetics, allostatic load, accelerated aging with inflammation (inflammaging), and the microbiome. These processes affect neural structures, brain function, neurochemistry, and neuroplasticity, impacting the development of psychosis, quality of life, cognitive impairment, physical comorbidities, and premature mortality. Our model provides a framework for research that could lead to developing specific strategies for prevention and treatment of the risk factors and biological processes, thereby improving the quality of life and increasing the longevity of people with SSPD. CONCLUSIONS Biology of SDoHs in SSPD is an exciting area of research that points to innovative multidisciplinary team science for improving the course and prognosis of these serious psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip V Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Retired), CA, USA
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara Bagot
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steve Cole
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Faith Dickerson
- Department of Psychology, Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Dilmore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Charles L Ford
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joan Luby
- Department of Psychiatry (Child), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tarek Rajji
- Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrián A Pinto-Tomas
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Larry J Young
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Ren L, Tai F. Voluntary wheel running ameliorates abnormalities in social behavior induced by social isolation: involvement of neural and neurochemical responses. Neurosci Lett 2023; 806:137241. [PMID: 37031945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation (SI) can lead to devastating behavioral effects. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that physical activity can improve sociability and brain functions, but whether voluntary exercise can ameliorate SI-induced abnormalities in social behavior and its underlying neuronal mechanisms remains unknown. The present study found that SI during adulthood increased aggression in the resident-intruder test and motivation for social exploration in the three-chamber test. Voluntary wheel running (VWR) could reverse the alterations in social behavior induced by SI in male mice. In addition, SI reduced the number of c-Fos-immunoreactive neurons and increased c-Fos/AVP-labeled neurons in the PVN and c-Fos/TPH2-labeled neurons in the DRN. These alterations could be reversed by VWR. Together, our results reveal that voluntary exercise could ameliorate SI-induced negative effects on social behavior, possibly via alterations of neuronal activation in the brain. This finding provides a potential therapy and targets to prevent or treat the psychological diseases associated with abnormalities in social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ren
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Fadao Tai
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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Tamman AJF, Jiang L, Averill CL, Mason GF, Averill LA, Abdallah CG. Biological embedding of early trauma: the role of higher prefrontal synaptic strength. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2246338. [PMID: 37642398 PMCID: PMC10467533 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2246338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Early trauma predicts poor psychological and physical health. Glutamatergic synaptic processes offer one avenue for understanding this relationship, given glutamate's abundance and involvement in reward and stress sensitivity, emotion, and learning. Trauma-induced glutamatergic excitotoxicity may alter neuroplasticity and approach/avoidance tendencies, increasing risk for psychiatric disorders. Studies examine upstream or downstream effects instead of glutamatergic synaptic processes in vivo, limiting understanding of how trauma affects the brain.Objective: In a pilot study using a previously published data set, we examine associations between early trauma and a proposed measure of synaptic strength in vivo in one of the largest human samples to undergo Carbon-13 (13C MRS) magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Participants were 18 healthy controls and 16 patients with PTSD (male and female).Method: Energy per cycle (EPC), which represents the ratio of neuronal oxidative energy production to glutamate neurotransmitter cycling, was generated as a putative measure of glutamatergic synaptic strength.Results: Results revealed that early trauma was positively correlated with EPC in individuals with PTSD, but not in healthy controls. Increased synaptic strength was associated with reduced behavioural inhibition, and EPC showed stronger associations between reward responsivity and early trauma for those with higher EPC.Conclusion: In the largest known human sample to undergo 13C MRS, we show that early trauma is positively correlated with EPC, a direct measure of synaptic strength. Our study findings have implications for pharmacological treatments thought to impact synaptic plasticity, such as ketamine and psilocybin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. F. Tamman
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Christopher L. Averill
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, West Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Lynnette A. Averill
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chadi G. Abdallah
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, West Haven, CT, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Core for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CAMRI), Houston, TX, USA
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Zhao J, Ye L, Liu Z, Cui Y, Deng D, Bai S, Yang L, Shi Y, Liu Z, Zhang R. Protective Effects of Resveratrol on Adolescent Social Isolation-Induced Anxiety-Like Behaviors via Modulating Nucleus Accumbens Spine Plasticity and Mitochondrial Function in Female Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:4542. [PMID: 36364807 PMCID: PMC9656193 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Social isolation (SI) is a major risk factor for mood disorders in adolescents. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is an important reward center implicated in psychiatric disorders. Resveratrol (RSV) is one of the most effective natural polyphenols with anti-anxiety and depression effects. However, little is known about the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of RSV on behavioral abnormality of adolescent social stress. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of RSV on the amelioration of SI-induced behavioral abnormality. We found that SI induced anxiety-like behavior and social dysfunction in isolated female rats. Moreover, SI reduced mitochondrial number and ATP levels and increased thin spine density in the NAc. RNA sequencing results showed that SI changed the transcription pattern in the NAc, including 519 upregulated genes and 610 downregulated genes, especially those related to mitochondrial function. Importantly, RSV ameliorated behavioral and spine abnormalities induced by SI and increased NAc ATP levels and mitochondria number. Furthermore, RSV increased the activity of cytochrome C oxidase (COX) and upregulated mRNA levels of Cox5a, Cox6a1 and Cox7c. These results demonstrate that the modulation of spine plasticity and mitochondrial function in the NAc by RSV has a therapeutic effect on mood disorders induced by social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lihong Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zuyi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongfei Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Di Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shasha Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yafei Shi
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Mehla J, Deibel SH, Karem H, Hossain S, Lacoursiere SG, Sutherland RJ, Mohajerani MH, McDonald RJ. Dramatic impacts on brain pathology, anxiety, and cognitive function in the knock-in APPNL-G-F mouse model of Alzheimer disease following long-term voluntary exercise. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:143. [PMID: 36180883 PMCID: PMC9526288 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background An active lifestyle is associated with improved cognitive functions in aged people and may prevent or slow down the progression of various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To investigate these protective effects, male APPNL-G-F mice were exposed to long-term voluntary exercise. Methods Three-month-old AD mice were housed in a cage supplemented with a running wheel for 9 months for long-term exercise. At the age of 12 months, behavioral tests were completed for all groups. After completing behavioral testing, their brains were assessed for amyloid pathology, microgliosis, and cholinergic cells. Results The results showed that APPNL-G-F mice allowed to voluntarily exercise showed an improvement in cognitive functions. Furthermore, long-term exercise also improved anxiety in APPNL-G-F mice as assessed by measuring thigmotaxis in the Morris water task. We also found reductions in amyloid load and microgliosis, and a preservation of cholinergic cells in the brain of APPNL-G-F mice allowed to exercise in their home cages. These profound reductions in brain pathology associated with AD are likely responsible for the observed improvement of learning and memory functions following extensive and regular exercise. Conclusion These findings suggest the potential of physical exercise to mitigate the cognitive deficits in AD.
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Exploring pharmacological options for adolescent depression: a preclinical evaluation with a sex perspective. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:220. [PMID: 35650182 PMCID: PMC9160287 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for developing novel pharmacological treatment options for adolescent depression, and to ensure an optimal translational outcome to the clinic, sex should be included as a biological variable in preclinical studies. In this context, the present study compared the antidepressant-like potential of ketamine and cannabidiol, with the clinical standard fluoxetine, in adolescent rats exposed to maternal deprivation (as a model of early-life stress), while including a sex perspective. Moreover, changes in drug efficacy over time were evaluated by re-exposing rats to the same dose regimens during adulthood. Antidepressant-like responses were scored through a battery of distinctive tests (forced-swim, novelty-suppressed feeding, and sucrose preference) across time. The main results proved an antidepressant-like potential for ketamine and cannabidiol in adolescent rats, although their efficacy was dependent on sex and prior stress exposure, as well as on treatment length and the behavioral feature analyzed. In general, while all tested antidepressants in male rats improved certain affective-like features, female rats were mainly unresponsive to the treatments performed (except for certain benefits induced by ketamine), demonstrating the need for further characterizing proper treatments for this particular sex. Moreover, when rats were re-exposed in adulthood to the same drug regimens as in adolescence, a drop in efficacy was observed. These findings may have translational ramifications in that ketamine or cannabidiol could be moved forward as antidepressants for the adolescent depressed population, but not before further characterizing their potential long-term safety and/or beneficial vs. harmful effects for both sexes.
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Laham BJ, Gould E. How Stress Influences the Dynamic Plasticity of the Brain’s Extracellular Matrix. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:814287. [PMID: 35145379 PMCID: PMC8821883 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.814287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse and structured extracellular matrix (ECM) comprise ∼20% of the brain’s volume and play important roles in development and adult plasticity. Perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized ECM structures that surround certain types of neurons in the brain, emerge during the postnatal period, making their development and maintenance potentially sensitive to experience. Recent studies have shown that stress affects diffuse ECM as well as PNNs, and that such effects are dependent on life stage and brain region. Given that the ECM participates in synaptic plasticity, the generation of neuronal oscillations, and synchronous firing across brain regions, all of which have been linked to cognition and emotional regulation, ECM components may be candidate therapeutic targets for stress-induced neuropsychiatric disease. This review considers the influence of stress over diffuse and structured ECM during postnatal life with a focus on functional outcomes and the potential for translational relevance.
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