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Agmatine-mediated inhibition of NMDA receptor expression and amelioration of dyskinesia via activation of Nrf2 and suppression of HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB signaling cascade in rotenone lesioned rats. Life Sci 2022; 311:121049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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N P D, Kondengadan MS, Sweilam SH, Rahman MH, Muhasina KM, Ghosh P, Bhargavi D, Palati DJ, Maiz F, Duraiswamy B. Neuroprotective role of coconut oil for the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease: potential mechanisms of action. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-33. [PMID: 36208039 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2122296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease (ND) is a clinical condition in which neurons degenerate with a consequent loss of functions in the affected brain region. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most progressive ND after Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affects the motor system and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal pathway in the midbrain, leading to bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, postural instability and non-motor symptoms such as cognitive declines, psychiatric disturbances, autonomic failures, sleep difficulties, and pain syndrome. Coconut oil (CO) is an edible oil obtained from the meat of Cocos nucifera fruit that belongs to the palm family and contains 92% saturated fatty acids. CO has been shown to mediate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and excitotoxicity-induced effects in PD in various in vitro and in vivo models as a multi-target bioagent. CO intake through diet has also been linked to a decreased incidence of PD in people. During digestion, CO is broken down into smaller molecules, like ketone bodies (KBs). The KBs then penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and are used as a source of energy its ability to cross BBB made this an important class of natural remedies for the treatment of ND. The current review describes the probable neuroprotective potential pathways of CO in PD, either prophylactic or therapeutic. In addition, we briefly addressed the important pathogenic pathways that might be considered to investigate the possible use of CO in neurodegeneration such as AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika N P
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | | | - K M Muhasina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Divya Bhargavi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Divya Jyothi Palati
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Fathi Maiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 9004
- Laboratory of Thermal Processes, Center for Energy Research and Technology, Borj-Cedria, BP:95 Tunisia
| | - B Duraiswamy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
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Abu-Elfotuh K, Hamdan AME, Abbas AN, Alahmre ATS, Elewa MAF, Masoud RAE, Ali AA, Othman M, Kamal MM, Hassan FAM, Khalil MG, El-Sisi AM, Abdel Hady MMM, Abd-Elhaleim El Azazy MK, Awny MM, Wahid A. Evaluating the neuroprotective activities of vinpocetine, punicalagin, niacin and vitamin E against behavioural and motor disabilities of manganese-induced Parkinson's disease in Sprague Dawley rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113330. [PMID: 35780621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the neuroprotective activity of some drugs and nutriceuticals with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rats were categorized into seven groups: Rats received tween80 daily for 5 weeks as a control group, MnCl2 (10 mg/kg, i.p) either alone (group II) or in combination with vinpocetine (VIN) (20 mg/kg) (group III), punicalagin (PUN) (30 mg/kg) (group IV), niacin (85 mg/kg) (group V), vitamin E (Vit E) (100 mg/kg) (group VI) or their combination (group VII). Motor activities was examined using open-field and catalepsy. Striatal monamines, acetylcholinesterase, excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters, redox status, pro-oxidant content, brain inflammatory, apoptotic and antioxidant biomarkers levels were assessed. Besides, histopathological investigations of different brain regions were determined. Groups (IV -GVII) showed improved motor functions of PD rats. Applied drugs significantly increased the brain levels of monoamines with the strongest effect to PUN. Meanwhile, they significantly decreased levels of acetylcholinesterase with a strongest effect to PUN. Moreover, they exhibited significant neuronal protection and anti-inflammatory abilities through significant reduction of the brain levels of COX2, TNF-α and Il-1β with a strongest effect to the PUN. Interestingly; groups (IV - GVII) showed restored glutamate/GABA balance and exhibited a pronounced decrease in caspase-3 content and GSK-3β protein expression levels. In addition, they significantly increased Bcl2 mRNA expression levels with a strongest effect for PUN. All these findings were further confirmed by the histopathological examinations. As a conclusion, we propose VIN and PUN to mitigate the progression of PD via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, neurotrophic and neurogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karema Abu-Elfotuh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department (Girls), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Mohammed A F Elewa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Rehab Ali Elsayed Masoud
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of medicine for girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza A Ali
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department (Girls), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Othman
- Lecturer, Department of anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, El-Tur Campus, Saini, Egypt
| | - Mona M Kamal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department (Girls), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma Alzahraa M Hassan
- Biochemistry and molecular biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar, University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona G Khalil
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Sisi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department (boys), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB), Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Manal M M Abdel Hady
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Qantra University, Sinai, Egypt
| | | | - Magdy M Awny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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4
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Mendes D, Peixoto F, Oliveira MM, Andrade PB, Videira RA. Mitochondria research and neurodegenerative diseases: on the track to understanding the biological world of high complexity. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:67-79. [PMID: 35623557 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
From the simple unicellular eukaryote to the highly complex multicellular organism like Human, mitochondrion emerges as a ubiquitous player to ensure the organism's functionality. It is popularly known as "the powerhouse of the cell" by its key role in ATP generation. However, our understanding of the physiological relevance of mitochondria is being challenged by data obtained in different fields. In this review, a short history of the mitochondria research field is presented, stressing the findings and questions that allowed the knowledge advances, and put mitochondrion as the main player of safeguarding organism life as well as a key to solve the puzzle of the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mendes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Francisco Peixoto
- Chemistry Center - Vila Real (CQ-VR), Biological and Environment Department, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria M Oliveira
- Chemistry Center - Vila Real (CQ-VR), Chemistry Department, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Romeu A Videira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
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Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease: Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Supplementation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2360872. [PMID: 33101584 PMCID: PMC7576349 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2360872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) occurs in approximately 1% of the population over 65 years of age and has become increasingly more common with advances in age. The number of individuals older than 60 years has been increasing in modern societies, as well as life expectancy in developing countries; therefore, PD may pose an impact on the economic, social, and health structures of these countries. Oxidative stress is highlighted as an important factor in the genesis of PD, involving several enzymes and signaling molecules in the underlying mechanisms of the disease. This review presents updated data on the involvement of oxidative stress in the disease, as well as the use of antioxidant supplements in its therapy.
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Shehata AM, Ahmed-Farid OA, Rizk HA, Saber SM, Lashin FM, Re L. Neurochemical, neurobehavioral and histochemical effects of therapeutic dose of l-dopa on striatal neurons in rats: Protective effect of virgin coconut oil. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110473. [PMID: 32707436 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that levodopa has proven its effectiveness in treating the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), increasing concerns have emerged about its possible long-term toxic effects on dopamine (DA) neurons. The study investigated the possible ameliorative effect of virgin coconut oil against l-dopa- induced neurotoxicity in adult rats. A total number of 40 rats were divided into four groups. Briefly, the first served as control, the second was orally administered virgin coconut oil (1.42 mL/kg), the third group was administered a single daily dose of l-dopa/carbidopa (100/10 mg/kg/day, p.o) and the fourth group pre-treated with virgin coconut oil then administered a single daily dose of l-dopa/carbidopa. The different treatments were extended for 30 days. l-dopa treated group exhibited aggressive behavior and behavioral abnormalities in open field test compared to control group. In addition, l-dopa treatment caused significant increase in the levels of striatal dopamine and norepinephrine and their metabolites with concomitant decrease of serotonin and its metabolite. Moreover, l-dopa treatment increased histamine and GABA levels. In addition, l-dopa treatment induced oxidative stress and energy crisis. The histological and immunohistochemical studies showed that l-dopa caused a remarkable neurodegeneration and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoexpression in the striatal area. Virgin coconut oil co-treatment significantly minimized the harmful effects of l-dopa. In conclusion, the present study revealed that virgin coconut oil provided a notable protection against l-dopa's untoward effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Shehata
- PhysiologyDepartment, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Omar A Ahmed-Farid
- PhysiologyDepartment, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Rizk
- Histology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara M Saber
- Pharmacology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Fawzy M Lashin
- Biochemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Lamberto Re
- Clinical Pharmacology, Medinat, Ancona, Italy.
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7
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Chang KH, Chen CM. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070597. [PMID: 32650609 PMCID: PMC7402083 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is caused by progressive neurodegeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons with abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in substantia nigra (SN). Studies have suggested the potential involvement of dopamine, iron, calcium, mitochondria and neuroinflammation in contributing to overwhelmed oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in PD. Function studies on PD-causative mutations of SNCA, PRKN, PINK1, DJ-1, LRRK2, FBXO7 and ATP13A2 further indicate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, it is reasonable that molecules involved in oxidative stress, such as DJ-1, coenzyme Q10, uric acid, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosin, homocysteine, retinoic acid/carotenes, vitamin E, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, xanthine oxidase and products of lipid peroxidation, could be candidate biomarkers for PD. Applications of antioxidants to modulate oxidative stress could be a strategy in treating PD. Although a number of antioxidants, such as creatine, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, pioglitazone, melatonin and desferrioxamine, have been tested in clinical trials, none of them have demonstrated conclusive evidence to ameliorate the neurodegeneration in PD patients. Difficulties in clinical studies may be caused by the long-standing progression of neurodegeneration, lack of biomarkers for premotor stage of PD and inadequate drug delivery across blood–brain barrier. Solutions for these challenges will be warranted for future studies with novel antioxidative treatment in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8347); Fax: +886-3-3288849
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8
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Tripathi MK, Kartawy M, Amal H. The role of nitric oxide in brain disorders: Autism spectrum disorder and other psychiatric, neurological, and neurodegenerative disorders. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101567. [PMID: 32464501 PMCID: PMC7256645 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional signalling molecule and a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in physiological and pathophysiological processes. In physiological conditions, NO regulates cell survival, differentiation and proliferation of neurons. It also regulates synaptic activity, plasticity and vesicle trafficking. NO affects cellular signalling through protein S-nitrosylation, the NO-mediated posttranslational modification of cysteine thiols (SNO). SNO can affect protein activity, protein-protein interaction and protein localization. Numerous studies have shown that excessive NO and SNO can lead to nitrosative stress in the nervous system, contributing to neuropathology. In this review, we summarize the role of NO and SNO in the progression of neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, with special attention to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We provide mechanistic insights into the contribution of NO in diverse brain disorders. Finally, we suggest that pharmacological agents that can inhibit or augment the production of NO as well as new approaches to modulate the formation of SNO-proteins can serve as a promising approach for the treatment of diverse brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Tripathi
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maryam Kartawy
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haitham Amal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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9
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Tai S, Zheng Q, Zhai S, Cai T, Xu L, Yang L, Jiao L, Zhang C. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Mediates Clearance of Iron Accumulation by Regulating Iron Metabolism in a Parkinson's Disease Model Induced by 6-OHDA. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:612. [PMID: 32670009 PMCID: PMC7330090 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The disruption of neuronal iron homeostasis and oxidative stress are related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring enzyme cofactor with antioxidant and iron chelator properties and has many known effects. ALA has neuroprotective effects on PD. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we established PD models induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to explore the neuroprotective ability of ALA and its underlying mechanism in vivo and in vitro. Our results showed that ALA could provide significant protection from 6-OHDA-induced cell damage in vitro by decreasing the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and iron. ALA significantly promoted the survival of the dopaminergic neuron in the 6-OHDA-induced PD rat model and remarkably ameliorated motor deficits by dramatically inhibiting the decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase expression and superoxide dismutase activity in the substantia nigra. Interestingly, ALA attenuated 6-OHDA-induced iron accumulation both in vivo and in vitro by antagonizing the 6-OHDA-induced upregulation of iron regulatory protein 2 and divalent metal transporter 1. These results indicated that the neuroprotective mechanism of ALA against neurological injury induced by 6-OHDA may be related to the regulation of iron homeostasis and reduced oxidative stress levels. Therefore, ALA may provide neuroprotective therapy for PD and other diseases related to iron metabolism disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Tai
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Suzhen Zhai
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lizhu Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Jiao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunlin Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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REN Y, WANG LH, DENG FS, LI JS, JIANG L. Protective Effect and Mechanism of α-Lipoic Acid on Partial Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Adult Male Rats. Physiol Res 2019; 68:739-745. [PMID: 31424256 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to reduce tissue damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury, this study aims to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of α-lipoic acid on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. The bloodstream of rats was blocked in the left middle and left lateral liver lobes of the liver. Forty rats were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group and injury group. Rats were injected with either 25 mg/1 ml of α-lipoic acid (treatment group) or 1 ml of saline (injury group) into the caudal vein 15 min before hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. Rat serum alanine aminotransferase (GPT), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were examined at various time points (1, 3, 6 and 12 h) in both groups. Changes in nuclear factor kappa B P65 (NF-κB P65) expression in ischemia-reperfusion liver at various time points after reperfusion (1, 3, 6 and 12 h) were evaluated through immunohistochemistry assay. Changes in macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) mRNA and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression in ischemic reperfused rat livers were detected by RT-PCR. Serum GPT level was significantly higher in the injury group than in the treatment group (P<0.01). NF-κB P65, MIP-2 mRNA and iNOS mRNA expression in ischemic reperfused rat livers were significantly higher in the injury group than in the treatment group (P<0.01). Serum GSH and SOD levels were higher in the treatment group than in the injury group (P<0.01). Alpha-lipoic acid significantly reduced ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat livers. This may be associated to the direct scavenging of oxygen-free radicals, increased GSH production, and the activation of downstream media due to decreased NF-κB and GSH consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. REN
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - L.-H. WANG
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - F.-S. DENG
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - J.-S. LI
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - L. JIANG
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Sitagliptin and Liraglutide Modulate L-dopa Effect and Attenuate Dyskinetic Movements in Rotenone-Lesioned Rats. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:635-653. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-9998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Mitochondrial Respiration in Intact Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Sirtuin 3 Activity in Patients with Movement Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9703574. [PMID: 29081897 PMCID: PMC5610844 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9703574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a unifying pathophysiological explanation for movement disorders. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) exhibits deacetylase activity and antioxidant properties. The aim of the study was to analyze the mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the SIRT3 activity in patients with movement disorders. METHODS Mitochondrial respiration was analyzed in intact PBMCs using the ROUTINE, LEAK, electron transfer system (ETS), and residual oxygen consumption (ROX) protocol by means of high-resolution respirometry. The SIRT3 expression and PBMC activity were measured using fluorometry. Ultrasound measurements of the echogenicity of the substantia nigra and the diameter of the 3rd ventricle were also performed. RESULTS Patients with movement disorders exhibited a lower ROUTINE respiration than controls (P = 0.0237). Reduced oxygen fluxes in the LEAK (P = 0.033) and ROX (P = 0.0486) states were observed in patients with movement disorders compared with controls. Decreased ROUTINE respiration (P = 0.007) and oxygen flux in the LEAK state (P = 0.0203) were observed in patients with PD with substantia nigra hyperechogenicity compared with controls. Decreased SIRT 3 deacetylase activity was found in patients with movement disorders. CONCLUSION Impaired mitochondrial respiration in intact PBMCs was associated with inhibited SIRT3 activity and neurodegeneration measures evaluated using ultrasound in patients with PD.
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Badawi GA, Abd El Fattah MA, Zaki HF, El Sayed MI. Sitagliptin and liraglutide reversed nigrostriatal degeneration of rodent brain in rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:369-382. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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The effect of systemic lipoic acid on hearing preservation after cochlear implantation via the round window approach: A guinea pig model. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 799:67-72. [PMID: 28159538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of systemic lipoic acid on hearing preservation after cochlear implantation. Twelve Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the lipoic acid group. Animals in the lipoic acid group received lipoic acid intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. A sterilised silicone electrode-dummy was inserted through the round window to a depth of approximately 5 mm. The hearing level was measured using auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) prior to electrode-dummy insertion, and at 4 days and 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after electrode-dummy insertion. The threshold shift was defined as the difference between the pre-operative threshold and each of the post-operative thresholds. The cochleae were examined histologically 4 weeks after electrode-dummy insertion. Threshold shifts changed with frequency but not time. At 2kHz, ABR threshold shifts were statistically significantly lower in the lipoic acid group than the control group. At 8, 16 and 32kHz, there was no significant difference in the ABR threshold shift between the two groups. Histologic review revealed less intracochlear fibrosis along the electrode-dummy insertion site in the lipoic acid group than in the control group. The spiral ganglion cell densities of the basal, middle and apical turns were significantly higher in the lipoic acid group compared with the control group. Therefore, systemic lipoic acid administration appears to effectively preserve hearing at low frequencies in patients undergoing cochlear implantation. These effects may be attributed to the protection of spiral ganglion cells and prevention of intracochlear fibrosis.
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15
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Carter CJ, Blizard RA. Autism genes are selectively targeted by environmental pollutants including pesticides, heavy metals, bisphenol A, phthalates and many others in food, cosmetics or household products. Neurochem Int 2016; 101:S0197-0186(16)30197-8. [PMID: 27984170 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of autism suggests a major environmental influence. Epidemiology has implicated many candidates and genetics many susceptibility genes. Gene/environment interactions in autism were analysed using 206 autism susceptibility genes (ASG's) from the Autworks database to interrogate ∼1 million chemical/gene interactions in the comparative toxicogenomics database. Any bias towards ASG's was statistically determined for each chemical. Many suspect compounds identified in epidemiology, including tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, pesticides, particulate matter, benzo(a)pyrene, heavy metals, valproate, acetaminophen, SSRI's, cocaine, bisphenol A, phthalates, polyhalogenated biphenyls, flame retardants, diesel constituents, terbutaline and oxytocin, inter alia showed a significant degree of bias towards ASG's, as did relevant endogenous agents (retinoids, sex steroids, thyroxine, melatonin, folate, dopamine, serotonin). Numerous other suspected endocrine disruptors (over 100) selectively targeted ASG's including paraquat, atrazine and other pesticides not yet studied in autism and many compounds used in food, cosmetics or household products, including tretinoin, soy phytoestrogens, aspartame, titanium dioxide and sodium fluoride. Autism polymorphisms influence the sensitivity to some of these chemicals and these same genes play an important role in barrier function and control of respiratory cilia sweeping particulate matter from the airways. Pesticides, heavy metals and pollutants also disrupt barrier and/or ciliary function, which is regulated by sex steroids and by bitter/sweet taste receptors. Further epidemiological studies and neurodevelopmental and behavioural research is warranted to determine the relevance of large number of suspect candidates whose addition to the environment, household, food and cosmetics might be fuelling the autism epidemic in a gene-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Carter
- PolygenicPathways, Flat 2, 40 Baldslow Road, Hastings, East Sussex, TN34 2EY, UK.
| | - R A Blizard
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Mental Health Sciences Unit, University College, London, UK
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Tetramethylpyrazine Ameliorates Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Rats: Involvement of Its Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Actions. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4866-4878. [PMID: 27514753 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder. Apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress are the current hypothesized mechanisms for PD pathogenesis. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), the major bioactive component of Ligusticum wallichii Franchat (ChuanXiong), Family Apiaceae, reportedly has anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study investigated the role of 'TMP' in preventing rotenone-induced neurobiological and behavioral sequelae. A preliminary dose-response study was conducted where rats received TMP (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) concomitantly with rotenone (2 mg/kg, s.c.) for 4 weeks. Catalepsy, locomotor activity, striatal dopamine content, and tyrosine hydroxylase "TH" and α-synuclein immunoreactivity were evaluated. The selected TMP dose (20 mg/kg) was used for western blot analysis of Bax, Bcl2, and DJ-1, immunohistochemical detection of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, in addition to biochemical analysis of caspase-3 activity, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels. Results showed that TMP (20 mg/kg) significantly improved midbrain and striatal TH expression and striatal dopamine content as well as the motor deficits, compared to rotenone-treated group. These results were correlated with reduction in caspase-3 activity and α-synuclein expression, along with improvement of midbrain and striatal Bax/Bcl2 ratio compared to rotenone-treated group. TMP also attenuated rotenone-induced upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Furthermore, TMP downregulated rotenone-induced neuroinflammation markers: NF-кB, iNOS, COX2, and GFAP expression in both the midbrain and striatum. Taken together, the current study suggests that TMP is entitled to, at least partially, preventing PD neurobiological and behavioral deficits by virtue of its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant actions.
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Protein undernutrition during development and oxidative impairment in the central nervous system (CNS): potential factors in the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and CNS disease. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2016; 7:513-524. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174416000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a regulatory role in several essential cell processes including cell metabolism, calcium balance and cell viability. In recent years, it has been postulated that mitochondria participate in the pathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases, including central nervous system disorders. Thus, the concept of mitochondrial function now extends far beyond the common view of this organelle as the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell to a new appreciation of the mitochondrion as a transducer of early metabolic insult into chronic disease in later life. In this review, we have attempted to describe some of the associations between nutritional status and mitochondrial function (and dysfunction) during embryonic development with the occurrence of neural oxidative imbalance and neurogenic disease in adulthood.
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Ma R, Wang X, Peng P, Xiong J, Dong H, Wang L, Ding Z. α-Lipoic acid inhibits sevoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis through PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:42-7. [PMID: 26781804 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology; The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital); Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Nanjing First Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 210006 China
| | - Peipei Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology; The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital); Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Jingwei Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology; The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital); Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Hongquan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology; The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital); Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology; The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital); Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Zhengnian Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology; The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital); Nanjing 210029 China
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Antioxidant therapy for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Does it work? Redox Biol 2015; 6:617-639. [PMID: 26520808 PMCID: PMC4637335 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is considered as one of the etiologic factors involved in several signals and symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that include diarrhea, toxic megacolon and abdominal pain. This systematic review discusses approaches, challenges and perspectives into the use of nontraditional antioxidant therapy on IBD, including natural and synthetic compounds in both human and animal models. One hundred and thirty four papers were identified, of which only four were evaluated in humans. Some of the challenges identified in this review can shed light on this fact: lack of standardization of OS biomarkers, absence of safety data and clinical trials for the chemicals and biological molecules, as well as the fact that most of the compounds were not repeatedly tested in several situations, including acute and chronic colitis. This review hopes to stimulate researchers to become more involved in this fruitful area, to warrant investigation of novel, alternative and efficacious antioxidant-based therapies. Major biomarkers used for evaluation of antioxidant therapy were MPO, TBARS/MDA and glutathione levels. Challenges were identified for the yet poor use of antioxidant therapy in IBD. This review stimulates the investigation of alternative and efficacious antioxidant therapies.
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Mitochondria: A Therapeutic Target for Parkinson's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20704-30. [PMID: 26340618 PMCID: PMC4613227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The exact causes of neuronal damage are unknown, but mounting evidence indicates that mitochondrial-mediated pathways contribute to the underlying mechanisms of dopaminergic neuronal cell death both in PD patients and in PD animal models. Mitochondria are organized in a highly dynamic tubular network that is continuously reshaped by opposing processes of fusion and fission. Defects in either fusion or fission, leading to mitochondrial fragmentation, limit mitochondrial motility, decrease energy production and increase oxidative stress, thereby promoting cell dysfunction and death. Thus, the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics processes, such as fusion, fission and mitophagy, represents important mechanisms controlling neuronal cell fate. In this review, we summarize some of the recent evidence supporting that impairment of mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and mitochondrial import occurs in cellular and animal PD models and disruption of these processes is a contributing mechanism to cell death in dopaminergic neurons. We also summarize mitochondria-targeting therapeutics in models of PD, proposing that modulation of mitochondrial impairment might be beneficial for drug development toward treatment of PD.
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Fernández-Moriano C, González-Burgos E, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Mitochondria-Targeted Protective Compounds in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:408927. [PMID: 26064418 PMCID: PMC4429198 DOI: 10.1155/2015/408927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles that regulate both metabolic and apoptotic signaling pathways; their most highlighted functions include cellular energy generation in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), regulation of cellular calcium homeostasis, balance between ROS production and detoxification, mediation of apoptosis cell death, and synthesis and metabolism of various key molecules. Consistent evidence suggests that mitochondrial failure is associated with early events in the pathogenesis of ageing-related neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondria-targeted protective compounds that prevent or minimize mitochondrial dysfunction constitute potential therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of these central nervous system diseases. This paper provides an overview of the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, with particular attention to in vitro and in vivo studies on promising endogenous and exogenous mitochondria-targeted protective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernández-Moriano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena González-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Barbiero JK, Santiago RM, Persike DS, da Silva Fernandes MJ, Tonin FS, da Cunha C, Lucio Boschen S, Lima MM, Vital MA. Neuroprotective effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma agonists in model of parkinsonism induced by intranigral 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahyropyridine. Behav Brain Res 2014; 274:390-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Moraes TB, Dalazen GR, Jacques CE, de Freitas RS, Rosa AP, Dutra-Filho CS. Glutathione metabolism enzymes in brain and liver of hyperphenylalaninemic rats and the effect of lipoic acid treatment. Metab Brain Dis 2014; 29:609-15. [PMID: 24488205 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a disorder caused by a deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase activity, which converts phenylalanine (Phe) to tyrosine, leading to hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) with accumulation of Phe in tissues of patients. The neuropathophysiology mechanism of disease remains unknown. However, recently the involvement of oxidative stress with decreased glutathione levels in PKU has been reported. Intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels may be maintained by the antioxidant action of lipoic acid (LA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of the enzymes involved in the metabolism and function of GSH, such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and GSH content in brain and liver of young rats subjected to a chemically induced model of HPA and the effect of LA for a week. In brain, the administration of Phe reduced the activity of the GSH-Px, GR and G6PD and LA prevented these effects totally or partially. GCL activity was increased by HPA and was not affect by LA antioxidant treatment. GST activity did not differ between groups. GSH content was increased by LA and decreased by HPA treatment in brain samples. Considering the liver, all parameters analyzed were increased in studied HPA animals and LA was able to hinder some effects except for the GCL, GST enzymes and GSH content. These results suggested that HPA model alter the metabolism of GSH in rat brain and liver, which may have an important role in the maintenance of GSH function in PKU although liver is not a directly affected organ in this disease. So, an antioxidant therapy with LA may be useful in the treatment of oxidative stress in HPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarsila Barros Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
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24
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Zhang Z, Lai D, Wang L, Yu P, Zhu L, Guo B, Xu L, Zhou L, Sun Y, Lee SMY, Wang Y. Neuroprotective effects of the andrographolide analogue AL-1 in the MPP+/MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model in vitro and in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 122:191-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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González-López A, López-Alonso I, Aguirre A, Amado-Rodríguez L, Batalla-Solís E, Astudillo A, Tomás-Zapico C, Fueyo A, dos Santos CC, Talbot K, Albaiceta GM. Mechanical ventilation triggers hippocampal apoptosis by vagal and dopaminergic pathways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188:693-702. [PMID: 23962032 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201304-0691oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Critically ill patients frequently develop neuropsychological disturbances including acute delirium or memory impairment. The need for mechanical ventilation is a risk factor for these adverse events, but a mechanism that links lung stretch and brain injury has not been identified. OBJECTIVES To identify the mechanisms that lead to brain dysfunction during mechanical ventilation. METHODS Brains from mechanically ventilated mice were harvested, and signals of apoptosis and alterations in the Akt survival pathway were studied. These measurements were repeated in vagotomized or haloperidol-treated mice, and in animals intracerebroventricularly injected with selective dopamine-receptor blockers. Hippocampal slices were cultured and treated with micromolar concentrations of dopamine, with or without dopamine receptor blockers. Last, levels of dysbindin, a regulator of the membrane availability of dopamine receptors, were assessed in the experimental model and in brain samples from ventilated patients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Mechanical ventilation triggers hippocampal apoptosis as a result of type 2 dopamine receptor activation in response to vagal signaling. Activation of these receptors blocks the Akt/GSK3β prosurvival pathway and activates the apoptotic cascade, as demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. Vagotomy, systemic haloperidol, or intracerebroventricular raclopride (a type 2 dopamine receptor blocker) ameliorated this effect. Moreover, ventilation induced a concomitant change in the expression of dysbindin-1C. These results were confirmed in brain samples from ventilated patients. CONCLUSIONS These results prove the existence of a pathogenic mechanism of lung stretch-induced hippocampal apoptosis that could explain the neurological changes in ventilated patients and may help to identify novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián González-López
- 1 Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Fisiología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, and
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de Araújo DP, De Sousa CNS, Araújo PVP, Menezes CEDS, Sousa Rodrigues FT, Escudeiro SS, Lima NBC, Patrocínio MCA, Aguiar LMV, Viana GSDB, Vasconcelos SMM. Behavioral and neurochemical effects of alpha-lipoic Acid in the model of Parkinson's disease induced by unilateral stereotaxic injection of 6-ohda in rat. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:571378. [PMID: 24023579 PMCID: PMC3760123 DOI: 10.1155/2013/571378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate behavioral and neurochemical effects of α -lipoic acid (100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg) alone or associated with L-DOPA using an animal model of Parkinson's disease induced by stereotaxic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in rat striatum. Motor behavior was assessed by monitoring body rotations induced by apomorphine, open field test and cylinder test. Oxidative stress was accessed by determination of lipid peroxidation using the TBARS method, concentration of nitrite and evaluation of catalase activity. α -Lipoic acid decreased body rotations induced by apomorphine, as well as caused an improvement in motor performance by increasing locomotor activity in the open field test and use of contralateral paw (in the opposite side of the lesion produced by 6-OHDA) at cylinder test. α -lipoic acid showed antioxidant effects, decreasing lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels and interacting with antioxidant system by decreasing of endogenous catalase activity. Therefore, α -lipoic acid prevented the damage induced by 6-OHDA or by chronic use of L-DOPA in dopaminergic neurons, suggesting that α -lipoic could be a new therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane Pessoa de Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Caren Nádia Soares De Sousa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Victor Pontes Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo de Souza Menezes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Taciana Sousa Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Sarah Souza Escudeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lissiana Magna Vasconcelos Aguiar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Glauce Socorro de Barros Viana
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Does Restraining Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis Rescue from Toxins-Induced Parkinsonism and Sporadic Parkinson's Disease? Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:262-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Jalali-Nadoushan M, Roghani M. Alpha-lipoic acid protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in a rat model of hemi-parkinsonism. Brain Res 2013; 1505:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Madathil KS, Karuppagounder SS, Haobam R, Varghese M, Rajamma U, Mohanakumar KP. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors protect against rotenone-induced, oxidative stress mediated parkinsonism in rats. Neurochem Int 2013; 62:674-83. [PMID: 23353925 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rotenone is known to cause progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in rodents, but it remains unclear how this mitochondrial complex-I inhibitor mediates neurodegeneration specific to substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). One of the proposed mechanisms is increased free radical generation owing to mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction following complex-I inhibition. The present study examined the role of nitric oxide (NO) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) in mediating rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Indications of NO involvement are evidenced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) over-expression, and increased NADPH-diaphorase staining in SNpc neurons 96h following rotenone administration. Treatment of these animals with specific neuronal NOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) and non-specific NOS inhibitor, N-ω-nitro-l-argenine methyl ester (l-NAME) caused reversal of rotenone-induced striatal dopamine depletion, and attenuation of the neurotoxin-induced decrease in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons in SNpc, as well as in apomorphine and amphetamine-induced unilateral rotations. Interestingly, the study also demonstrated the contribution of OH in mediating rotenone nigral toxicity since there appeared a significant generation of the reactive oxygen species in vivo 24h following rotenone administration, a copious loss of reduced and oxidized glutathione, and increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the cytosolic fractions of the ipsilateral SNpc area on the 5th day. An OH scavenging capacity of 7-NI and l-NAME in a Fenton-like reaction, as well as complete reversal of the rotenone-induced increases in the antioxidant enzyme activities, and the loss in reduced and oxidized glutathione contents in the SNpc supported OH involvement in rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. While these results strongly suggest the contribution of both OH and NO, resulting in acute oxidative stress culminating in dopaminergic neurodegeneration caused by rotenone, the course of events indicated generation of OH as the primary event in the neurotoxic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Madathil
- Division of Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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Yang Y, Wang W, Liu Y, Guo T, Chen P, Ma K, Zhou C. α-lipoic acid inhibits high glucose-induced apoptosis in HIT-T15 cells. Dev Growth Differ 2012; 54:557-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2012.01356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University; 38 Xueyuan Road; Beijing; 100191; China
| | - Yinan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University; 38 Xueyuan Road; Beijing; 100191; China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University; 38 Xueyuan Road; Beijing; 100191; China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University; 38 Xueyuan Road; Beijing; 100191; China
| | - Kangtao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University; 38 Xueyuan Road; Beijing; 100191; China
| | - Chunyan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University; 38 Xueyuan Road; Beijing; 100191; China
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