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Buck LA, Xie Q, Willis M, Side CM, Giacometti LL, Gaskill PJ, Park K, Shaheen F, Guo L, Gorantla S, Barker JM. Impaired extinction of cocaine seeking in HIV-infected mice is accompanied by peripheral and central immune dysregulation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:387. [PMID: 38553542 PMCID: PMC10980811 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are highly comorbid with HIV infection, necessitating an understanding of the interactive effects of drug exposure and HIV. The relationship between HIV infection and cocaine use disorder is likely bidirectional, with cocaine use directly impacting immune function while HIV infection alters addiction-related behavior. To better characterize the neurobehavioral and immune consequences of HIV infection and cocaine exposure, this study utilizes a humanized mouse model to investigate the outcomes of HIV-1 infection on cocaine-related behaviors in a conditioned place preference (CPP) model, and the interactive effects of cocaine and HIV infection on peripheral and central nervous system inflammation. HIV infection selectively impairs cocaine CPP extinction without effecting reinstatement or cocaine seeking under conflict. Behavioral alterations are accompanied by immune changes in HIV infected mice, including increased prefrontal cortex astrocyte immunoreactivity and brain-region specific effects on microglia number and reactivity. Peripheral immune system changes are observed in human cytokines, including HIV-induced reductions in human TNFα, and cocaine and HIV interactions on GM-CSF levels. Together these data provide new insights into the unique neurobehavioral outcomes of HIV infection and cocaine exposure and how they interact to effect immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Buck
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qiaowei Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle Willis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christine M Side
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura L Giacometti
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyewon Park
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Farida Shaheen
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lili Guo
- Medical Center, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline M Barker
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Barker J, Buck L, Xie Q, Willis M, Side C, Giacometti L, Gaskill P, Park K, Shaheen F, Guo L, Gorantla S. Impaired extinction of cocaine seeking in HIV-infected mice is accompanied by peripheral and central immune dysregulation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3276379. [PMID: 37841842 PMCID: PMC10571607 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3276379/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are highly comorbid with HIV infection, necessitating an understanding of the interactive effects of drug exposure and HIV. The relationship between HIV infection and cocaine use disorder is likely bidirectional, with cocaine use directly impacting immune function while HIV infection alters addiction-related behavior. To better characterize the neurobehavioral and immune consequences of HIV infection and cocaine exposure, this study utilized a humanized mouse model to investigate the outcomes of HIV-1 infection on cocaine-related behaviors in a conditioned place preference (CPP) model, and the interactive effects of cocaine and HIV infection on peripheral and central nervous system inflammation. HIV infection selectively impaired cocaine CPP extinction without effecting reinstatement or cocaine seeking under conflict were observed. Behavioral alterations were accompanied by immune changes in HIV infected mice, including increased prefrontal cortex astrocyte immunoreactivity and brain-region specific effects on microglia number and reactivity. Peripheral immune system changes were observed in both mouse and human cytokines, including HIV-induced reductions in mouse IL-1α and G-CSF and human TNFα, and cocaine induced alterations in mouse GM-CSF. Together these data provide new insights into the unique neurobehavioral outcomes of HIV infection and cocaine exposure and how they interact to effect immune responses.
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Buck LA, Xie Q, Willis M, Side CM, Giacometti LL, Gaskill PJ, Park K, Shaheen F, Guo L, Gorantla S, Barker JM. Impaired extinction of cocaine seeking in HIV-infected mice is accompanied by peripheral and central immune dysregulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.11.552858. [PMID: 37645889 PMCID: PMC10462035 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.11.552858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are highly comorbid with HIV infection, necessitating an understanding of the interactive effects of drug exposure and HIV. The relationship between progressive HIV infection and cocaine use disorder is likely bidirectional, with cocaine use having direct effects on immune function while HIV infection can alter addiction-related behavior. To better characterized the neurobehavioral and immune consequences of HIV infection and cocaine exposure, this study utilized a humanized mouse model to investigate the outcomes of progressive HIV infection on cocaine-related behaviors in a cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) model, and the interactive effects of cocaine and HIV infection on peripheral and central nervous system inflammation. HIV infection did not impact the formation of a cocaine CPP, but did result in resistance to extinction of the CPP. No effects of HIV on yohimbine-primed reinstatement or cocaine seeking under conflict were observed. These behavioral alterations were accompanied by immune changes in HIV infected mice, including increased prefrontal cortex astrocyte immunoreactivity and brain-region specific effects on microglia number and reactivity. Peripheral immune system changes were observed in both mouse and human markers. Among other targets, this included HIV-induced reductions in mouse IL-1α and G-CSF and human TNFα and cocaine-induced alterations in human TNFα and mouse GM-CSF such that cocaine exposure increases both cytokines only in the absence of HIV infection. Together these data provide new insights into the unique neurobehavioral processes underlying HIV infection and cocaine use disorders, and further how they interact to effect immune responses.
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Giacometti LL, Buck LA, Barker JM. Estrous cycle and hormone regulation of stress-induced reinstatement of reward seeking in female mice. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 4:100035. [PMID: 36540408 PMCID: PMC9762733 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Women are more vulnerable to stress-induced craving, which may be associated with increased vulnerability to relapse. Susceptibility to stress-induced craving also appears to be modulated by the menstrual cycle and is negatively correlated with circulating progesterone levels in women. However, the factors that contribute to relapse vulnerability are poorly characterized in female animals. In this study, we assessed whether chronic ethanol exposure, estrous cycle, or exogenous progesterone administration modulated vulnerability to stress-induced reinstatement. To model ethanol dependence, adult female C57Bl/6J mice underwent chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure via vapor inhalation. Seventy-two hours after the final ethanol exposure, food-restricted mice began training in a conditioned place preference paradigm (CPP) for a food reward, followed by extinction training. Mice were then subjected to forced swim stress and assessed for reinstatement of their preference for the reward-paired chamber. CIE did not affect stress-induced reinstatement. However, stress-induced reinstatement was attenuated during the diestrus phase, when endogenous levels of progesterone peak in female mice. Further, administration of exogenous progesterone mimicked the attenuated reinstatement observed in diestrus. These findings indicate that circulating hormone levels modulate susceptibility to relapse-like behaviors and implicate progesterone as a potential target for treating stress-induced relapse in women.
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Sketriene D, Battista D, Lalert L, Kraiwattanapirom N, Thai HN, Leeboonngam T, Knackstedt LA, Nithianantharajah J, Sumithran P, Lawrence AJ, Brown RM. Compulsive-like eating of high-fat high-sugar food is associated with 'addiction-like' glutamatergic dysfunction in obesity prone rats. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13206. [PMID: 36001420 PMCID: PMC9541933 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic overeating is a core feature of diet-induced obesity. There is increasing evidence that in vulnerable individuals, such overeating could become compulsive, resembling an addictive disorder. The transition to compulsive substance use has been linked with changes at glutamatergic synapses in the nucleus accumbens. In this study, we investigated a potential link between such glutamatergic dysregulation and compulsive-like eating using a rat model of diet-induced obesity. A conditioned suppression task demonstrated that diet-induced obese rats display eating despite negative consequences, as their consumption was insensitive to an aversive cue. Moreover, nucleus accumbens expression of GluA1 and xCT proteins was upregulated in diet-induced obese animals. Lastly, both a computed 'addiction score' (based on performance across three criteria) and weight gain were positively correlated with changes in GluA1 and xCT expression in the nucleus accumbens. These data demonstrate that the propensity for diet-induced obesity is associated with compulsive-like eating of highly palatable food and is accompanied by 'addiction-like' glutamatergic dysregulation in the nucleus accumbens, thus providing neurobiological evidence of addiction-like pathology in this model of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sketriene
- Mental Health Research ThemeThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
| | - Damien Battista
- Mental Health Research ThemeThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
| | - Laddawan Lalert
- Mental Health Research ThemeThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
- School of MedicineWalailak UniversityNakhon Si ThammaratThailand
| | - Natcharee Kraiwattanapirom
- Mental Health Research ThemeThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesMahidol UniversityNakhon PathomThailand
| | - Han Ngoc Thai
- Mental Health Research ThemeThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
| | - Tanawan Leeboonngam
- Mental Health Research ThemeThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
| | | | - Jess Nithianantharajah
- Mental Health Research ThemeThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent's)University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Department of EndocrinologyAustin HealthMelbourneAustralia
| | - Andrew J. Lawrence
- Mental Health Research ThemeThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
| | - Robyn M. Brown
- Mental Health Research ThemeThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleMelbourneAustralia
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Miguel-Hidalgo JJ. Astroglia in the Vulnerability and Maintenance of Alcohol Use Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 26:255-279. [PMID: 34888838 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77375-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Changes induced in the morphology and the multiplicity of functional roles played by astrocytes in brain regions critical to the establishment and maintenance of alcohol abuse suggest that they make an important contribution to the vulnerability to alcohol use disorders. The understanding of the relevant mechanisms accounting for that contribution is complicated by the fact that alcohol itself acts directly on astrocytes altering their metabolism, gene expression, and plasticity, so that the ultimate result is a complex interaction of various cellular pathways, including intracellular calcium regulation, neuroimmune responses, and regulation of neurotransmitter and gliotransmitter release and uptake. The recent years have seen a steady increase in the characterization of several of the relevant mechanisms, but much remains to be done for a full understanding of the astrocytes' contribution to the vulnerability to alcohol dependence and abuse and for using that knowledge in designing effective therapies for AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Miguel-Hidalgo
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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Effects of N-acetylcysteine treatment on ethanol's rewarding properties and dopaminergic alterations in mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 32:239-250. [PMID: 33290342 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have shown that N-acetylcysteine (N-AC) has beneficial effects in the treatment of cocaine and nicotine abuse. Considering the similar neurobiologic mechanisms involved in the development of addiction to different drugs, N-AC treatment could be useful in the treatment of ethanol abuse. The rewarding properties of the drugs of abuse plays an important role in the development of addiction and can be studied using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Thus, to study the effects of N-AC treatment in the rewarding effects of ethanol, we investigated the effects of N-AC administration in the ethanol-induced CPP and neurochemical alterations within the mesocorticolimbic and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways. Adult male Swiss mice were pretreated with N-AC (60 or 120 mg/kg intraperitoneal) and tested for the development, expression, or extinction of the ethanol-induced CPP. Another cohort of animals received N-AC (60 or 120 mg/kg intraperitoneal) 2-h before an acute administration of ethanol and had their brains removed for dopamine and its metabolites quantification in the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways. Pretreatment with N-AC (120 mg/kg) blocked the development of ethanol-induced CPP. On the other hand, N-AC at both doses did not alter the expression nor the extinction of ethanol-induced CPP. N-AC increased 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid content in the medial prefrontal cortex and dopaminergic turnover within the substantia nigra. Besides that, there was an increase in dopamine content in the nucleus accumbens of ethanol-treated animals. In summary, N-AC treatment blocked the development of ethanol CPP, without altering ethanol effects on dopaminergic neurotransmission.
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Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation as a Pivot in Drug Abuse. A Focus on the Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents and Biomolecules. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090830. [PMID: 32899889 PMCID: PMC7555323 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug abuse is a major global health and economic problem. However, there are no pharmacological treatments to effectively reduce the compulsive use of most drugs of abuse. Despite exerting different mechanisms of action, all drugs of abuse promote the activation of the brain reward system, with lasting neurobiological consequences that potentiate subsequent consumption. Recent evidence shows that the brain displays marked oxidative stress and neuroinflammation following chronic drug consumption. Brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation disrupt glutamate homeostasis by impairing synaptic and extra-synaptic glutamate transport, reducing GLT-1, and system Xc− activities respectively, which increases glutamatergic neurotransmission. This effect consolidates the relapse-promoting effect of drug-related cues, thus sustaining drug craving and subsequent drug consumption. Recently, promising results as experimental treatments to reduce drug consumption and relapse have been shown by (i) antioxidant and anti-inflammatory synthetic molecules whose effects reach the brain; (ii) natural biomolecules secreted by mesenchymal stem cells that excel in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, delivered via non-invasive intranasal administration to animal models of drug abuse and (iii) potent anti-inflammatory microRNAs and anti-miRNAs which target the microglia and reduce neuroinflammation and drug craving. In this review, we address the neurobiological consequences of brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation that follow the chronic consumption of most drugs of abuse, and the current and potential therapeutic effects of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents and biomolecules to reduce these drug-induced alterations and to prevent relapse.
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