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Uzan-Yulzari A, Turjeman S, Moadi L, Getselter D, Sharon E, Rautava S, Isolauri E, Khatib S, Elliott E, Koren O. A gut reaction? The role of the microbiome in aggression. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 122:301-312. [PMID: 39128572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has unveiled conflicting evidence regarding the link between aggression and the gut microbiome. Here, we compared behavior profiles of control, germ-free (GF), and antibiotic-treated mice, as well as re-colonized GF mice to understand the impact of the gut microbiome on aggression using the resident-intruder paradigm. Our findings revealed a link between gut microbiome depletion and higher aggression, accompanied by notable changes in urine metabolite profiles and brain gene expression. This study extends beyond classical murine models to humanized mice to reveal the clinical relevance of early-life antibiotic use on aggression. Fecal microbiome transplant from infants exposed to antibiotics in early life (and sampled one month later) into mice led to increased aggression compared to mice receiving transplants from unexposed infants. This study sheds light on the role of the gut microbiome in modulating aggression and highlights its potential avenues of action, offering insights for development of therapeutic strategies for aggression-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Lelyan Moadi
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Efrat Sharon
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Samuli Rautava
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki and New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika Isolauri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Department of Natural Compounds and Analytical Chemistry, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Evan Elliott
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Rivera DS, Beltrán V, Gutiérrez-Cortés I, Vargas C, Alfaro FD. Insights into the Gut Microbiome of the South American Leaf-Toed Gecko ( Phylodactylus gerropygus) Inhabiting the Core of the Atacama Desert. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1194. [PMID: 38930576 PMCID: PMC11205927 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Living in arid environments presents unique challenges to organisms, including limited food and water, extreme temperatures, and UV exposure. Reptiles, such as the South American leaf-toed gecko (Phyllodactylus gerrhopygus), have evolved remarkable adaptations to thrive in such harsh conditions. The gut microbiome plays a critical role in host adaptation and health, yet its composition remains poorly characterized in desert reptiles. This study aimed to characterize the composition and abundance of the gut microbiome in P. gerrhopygus inhabiting the hyperarid Atacama Desert, taking into account potential sex differences. Fecal samples from adult female and male geckos were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. No significant differences in bacterial alpha diversity were observed between the sexes. However, the phylum Bacteroidota was more abundant in females, while males had a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio. The core microbiome was dominated by the phyla Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria in both sexes. Analysis of bacterial composition revealed 481 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) shared by female and male geckos. In addition, 108 unique ASVs were exclusive to females, while 244 ASVs were unique to males. Although the overall bacterial composition did not differ significantly between the sexes, certain taxa exhibited higher relative abundances in each sex group. This study provides insight into the taxonomic structure of the gut microbiome in a desert-adapted reptile and highlights potential sex-specific differences. Understanding these microbial communities is critical for elucidating the mechanisms underlying host resilience in Earth's most arid environments, and for informing conservation efforts in the face of ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S. Rivera
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide, 5750, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
| | - Valentina Beltrán
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide, 5750, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
| | - Ignacio Gutiérrez-Cortés
- Extreme Ecosystem Microbiomics & Ecogenomics Lab., Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320165, Chile;
| | - Constanza Vargas
- Centro UC Desierto de Atacama, Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Fernando D. Alfaro
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide, 5750, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
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Mustika D, Nishimura Y, Ueno S, Tominaga S, Shimizu T, Tajiri N, Jung CG, Hida H. Central amygdala is related to the reduction of aggressive behavior by monosodium glutamate ingestion during the period of development in an ADHD model rat. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1356189. [PMID: 38765817 PMCID: PMC11099272 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1356189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Monosodium glutamate (MSG), an umami substance, stimulates the gut-brain axis communication via gut umami receptors and the subsequent vagus nerves. However, the brain mechanism underlying the effect of MSG ingestion during the developmental period on aggression has not yet been clarified. We first tried to establish new experimental conditions to be more appropriate for detailed analysis of the brain, and then investigated the effects of MSG ingestion on aggressive behavior during the developmental stage of an ADHD rat model. Methods Long-Evans, WKY/Izm, SHR/Izm, and SHR-SP/Ezo were individually housed from postnatal day 25 for 5 weeks. Post-weaning social isolation (PWSI) was given to escalate aggressive behavior. The resident-intruder test, that is conducted during the subjective night, was used for a detailed analysis of aggression, including the frequency, duration, and latency of anogenital sniffing, aggressive grooming, and attack behavior. Immunohistochemistry of c-Fos expression was conducted in all strains to predict potential aggression-related brain areas. Finally, the most aggressive strain, SHR/Izm, a known model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), was used to investigate the effect of MSG ingestion (60 mM solution) on aggression, followed by c-Fos immunostaining in aggression-related areas. Bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy was performed to verify the importance of gut-brain interactions in the effect of MSG. Results The resident intruder test revealed that SHR/Izm rats were the most aggressive among the four strains for all aggression parameters tested. SHR/Izm rats also showed the highest number of c-Fos + cells in aggression-related brain areas, including the central amygdala (CeA). MSG ingestion significantly decreased the frequency and duration of aggressive grooming and attack behavior and increased the latency of attack behavior. Furthermore, MSG administration successfully increased c-Fos positive cell number in the intermediate nucleus of the solitary tract (iNTS), a terminal of the gastrointestinal sensory afferent fiber of the vagus nerve, and modulated c-Fos positive cells in the CeA. Interestingly, vagotomy diminished the MSG effects on aggression and c-Fos expression in the iNTS and CeA. Conclusion MSG ingestion decreased PWSI-induced aggression in SHR/Izm, which was mediated by the vagus nerve related to the stimulation of iNTS and modulation of CeA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Mustika
- Department of Neurophysiology and Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Yu Nishimura
- Department of Neurophysiology and Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Department of Neurophysiology and Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiori Tominaga
- Department of Neurophysiology and Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Neurophysiology and Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Shokei University Junior College, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Tajiri
- Department of Neurophysiology and Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Cha-Gyun Jung
- Department of Neurophysiology and Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Hida
- Department of Neurophysiology and Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Altaisaikhan A, Yoshihara K, Hata T, Miyata N, Asano Y, Suematsu T, Kadota Y, Sudo N. Dietary supplementation with 1-kestose induces altered locomotor activity and increased striatal dopamine levels with a change in gut microbiota in male mice. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15882. [PMID: 38054526 PMCID: PMC10698829 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
1-Kestose (KES), a dietary fiber and prebiotic carbohydrate, benefits various physiological functions. This study aimed to examine whether diets supplemented with KES over three consecutive generations could significantly affect some host physiological aspects, including behavioral phenotypes and gut microbial ecology. Mice that received KES-supplemented diets for three generations demonstrated increased activity compared with those fed diets lacking KES. Furthermore, the KES group showed increased striatal dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) levels. The observed increase in DA levels within the striatum was positively correlated with locomotor activity in the KES group but not in the control (CON) group. The α-diversities were significantly lower in the KES group compared to the CON group. The three-dimensional principal coordinate analysis revealed a substantial distinction between the KES and CON groups across each generation. At the genus level, most gut microbiota genera exhibited lower abundances in the KES group than in the CON group, except for Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia. Spearman's rank-order analysis indicated significant negative correlations between the striatal DA levels and α-diversity values. These findings suggest that prolonged supplementation with KES may stimulate increased locomotor activity along with elevated striatal DA levels, which are potentially associated with KES-induced alterations in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altanzul Altaisaikhan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kazufumi Yoshihara
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tomokazu Hata
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Noriyuki Miyata
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yasunari Asano
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takafumi Suematsu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Kadota
- Research and Development Center, B Food Science Co., Ltd.ChitaJapan
| | - Nobuyuki Sudo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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5
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Feng E, Yang X, Zhao K, Li Y, Zhu H, Wang Z, Zhang Z. Gut microbiota is associated with spatial memory and seed-hoarding behavior of South China field mice ( Apodemus draco). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236359. [PMID: 37771706 PMCID: PMC10525317 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Scatter-hoarding animals store food in multiple locations within their home range and rely on spatial memory for subsequent localization and retrieval. The relationship between memory and scatter-hoarding behavior has been widely demonstrated, but the association of gut microbiota with spatial memory and seed-hoarding behavior of animals remains unclear. Methods In this study, by using enclosure behavior tests, memory tests including an object location test (OLT) and a novel object recognition test (NORT), and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment, we evaluated the role of gut microbiota in affecting the memory and seed-hoarding behavior of rodents. According to their scatter-hoarding intensity, South China field mice (Apodemus draco) were divided into scatter-hoarding group (SG) and non-scatter-hoarding group (NG). Results We found that the SG performed better than the NG in the NORT. FMT from SG donor mice altered the NG recipient mice's gut microbiota structure. Further tests demonstrated FMT from SG donor mice increased memory of NG recipient mice in laboratory tests and seed larder hoarding intensity of NG recipient mice in enclosures. Conclusion Our results suggest gut microbiota could modulate the memory and seed-hoarding behavior of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enping Feng
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenshan Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Mikami K, Watanabe N, Tochio T, Kimoto K, Akama F, Yamamoto K. Impact of Gut Microbiota on Host Aggression: Potential Applications for Therapeutic Interventions Early in Development. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041008. [PMID: 37110431 PMCID: PMC10141163 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggression in the animal kingdom is a necessary component of life; however, certain forms of aggression, especially in humans, are pathological behaviors that are detrimental to society. Animal models have been used to study a number of factors, including brain morphology, neuropeptides, alcohol consumption, and early life circumstances, to unravel the mechanisms underlying aggression. These animal models have shown validity as experimental models. Moreover, recent studies using mouse, dog, hamster, and drosophila models have indicated that aggression may be affected by the "microbiota-gut-brain axis." Disturbing the gut microbiota of pregnant animals increases aggression in their offspring. In addition, behavioral analyses using germ-free mice have shown that manipulating the intestinal microbiota during early development suppresses aggression. These studies suggest that treating the host gut microbiota during early development is critical. However, few clinical studies have investigated gut-microbiota-targeted treatments with aggression as a primary endpoint. This review aims to clarify the effects of gut microbiota on aggression and discusses the therapeutic potential of regulating human aggression by intervening in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunaka Mikami
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Natsuru Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Tochio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keitaro Kimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Akama
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
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Langmajerová M, Roubalová R, Šebela A, Vevera J. The effect of microbiome composition on impulsive and violent behavior: A systematic review. Behav Brain Res 2023; 440:114266. [PMID: 36549572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the microbiome on brain function and behavior has recently become an important research topic. We searched for a link between the gut microbiome and impulsive and violent behavior. We focused on critical factors influencing the microbiome establishment that may affect human health later in life, i.e., delivery mode, early-life feeding, and early antibiotic exposure. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. We included original human studies examining adults and children with impulsive and/or violent behavior that assessed the gut microbiota composition of participants, delivery mode, infant feeding mode, or early antibiotic exposure. Bibliographic searches yielded 429 articles, and 21 met the eligibility criteria. Two studies reported data on patients with schizophrenia with violent behavior, while 19 studies reported data on patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The results showed several bacterial taxa associated with ADHD symptomatology and with violent behavior in patients with schizophrenia. No association was found between delivery mode and impulsive behavior, nor did any articles relate infant feeding mode to violent human behavior. Those studies investigating early antibiotic exposure yielded ambiguous results. The heterogeneity of the data and the different methodologies of the included studies limited the external validity of the results. We found few studies that addressed the possible microbiome involvement in the pathophysiology of impulsive and violent behavior in humans. Our review revealed a gap in knowledge regarding links between the gut microbiome and these extreme behavioral patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Langmajerová
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| | - Radka Roubalová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonín Šebela
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Vevera
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Pilsen, alej Svobody 80, 304 60 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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8
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Tcherni-Buzzeo M. Dietary interventions, the gut microbiome, and aggressive behavior: Review of research evidence and potential next steps. Aggress Behav 2023; 49:15-32. [PMID: 35997420 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research in biosocial criminology and other related disciplines has established links between nutrition and aggressive behavior. In addition to observational studies, randomized trials of nutritional supplements like vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, and folic acid provide evidence of the dietary impact on aggression. However, the exact mechanism of the diet-aggression link is not well understood. The current article proposes that the gut microbiome plays an important role in the process, with the microbiota-gut-brain axis serving as such a mediating mechanism between diet and behavior. Based on animal and human studies, this review synthesizes a wide array of research across several academic fields: from the effects of dietary interventions on aggression, to the results of microbiota transplantation on socioemotional and behavioral outcomes, to the connections between early adversity, stress, microbiome, and aggression. Possibilities for integrating the microbiotic perspective with the more traditional, sociologically oriented theories in criminology are discussed, using social disorganization and self-control theories as examples. To extend the existing lines of research further, the article considers harnessing the experimental potential of noninvasive and low-cost dietary interventions to help establish the causal impact of the gut microbiome on aggressive behavior, while adhering to the high ethical standards and modern research requirements. Implications of this research for criminal justice policy and practice are essential: not only can it help determine whether the improved gut microbiome functioning moderates aggressive and violent behavior but also provide ways to prevent and reduce such behavior, alone or in combination with other crime prevention programs.
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Deng H, He L, Wang C, Zhang T, Guo H, Zhang H, Song Y, Chen B. Altered gut microbiota and its metabolites correlate with plasma cytokines in schizophrenia inpatients with aggression. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:629. [PMID: 36167540 PMCID: PMC9513873 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiological mechanisms of aggression are manifold and they may closely interconnect. Current study aimed to determine the gut microbiota and its metabolites, and clarify their correlations with inflammation, oxidation, leaky gut and clinical profiles underlying aggression in schizophrenia (ScZ). METHODS Serum and stool specimens from ScZ inpatients with (ScZ-Ag, 25 cases) and without aggression (NScZ-Ag, 25 cases) were collected. Systemic inflammation, oxidation and leaky gut biomarkers were determined by ELISA, gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and neurotransmitters by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS Significantly higher systemic pro-inflammation, pro-oxidation and leaky gut biomarkers were observed in ScZ-Ag than NScZ-Ag group (all P<0.001). Compared to NScZ-Ag group, the alpha-diversity and evenness of fecal bacterial community were much lower, the abundance of fecal genera Prevotella was significantly increased, while that Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Bifidobacterium,Collinsella and Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes were remarkably reduced in ScZ-Ag group (all corrected P<0.001). Meanwhile, 6 SCFAs and 6 neurotransmitters were much lower in ScZ-Ag group (all P<0.05). Finally, a few strongly positive or negative correlations among altered gut microbiota, SCFAs, systemic pro-inflammation, leaky gut, pro-oxidation and aggression severity were detected. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that pro-inflammation, pro-oxidation and leaky gut phenotypes relating to enteric dysbacteriosis and microbial SCFAs feature the aggression onset or severity in ScZ individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital (The Second People’s Hospital of Zhumadian), Zhumadian, 463003 China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital (The Second People’s Hospital of Zhumadian), Zhumadian, 463003 China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital (The Second People’s Hospital of Zhumadian), Zhumadian, 463003 China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital (The Second People’s Hospital of Zhumadian), Zhumadian, 463003 China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital (The Second People’s Hospital of Zhumadian), Zhumadian, 463003 China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital (The Second People’s Hospital of Zhumadian), Zhumadian, 463003 China
| | - Yanning Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital (The Second People’s Hospital of Zhumadian), Zhumadian, 463003 China
| | - Bangtao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, School of Medicine, Chong University, Chongqing, 404000, China.
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10
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Buglione M, Ricca E, Petrelli S, Baccigalupi L, Troiano C, Saggese A, Rivieccio E, Fulgione D. Gut microbiota plasticity in insular lizards under reversed island syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12682. [PMID: 35879521 PMCID: PMC9314426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals living on small islands are more drastically exposed to environmental changes, such as food or water starvation, and rapid temperature shifts. Facing such conditions, and probably thank to adaptive plasticity mechanisms, some animals display a Reversed Island Syndrome (RIS), a suite of traits, including skin pigmentation, voracity, sexual dimorphism, showed differently from mainland relatives. Here, we analyse a so far poorly explored aspect of RIS: the effect of this on the microbiota composition of host Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus), strongly influenced by the animal’s lifestyle, and conditioning the same. We compare mainland and island populations, assessing the difference between their microbial communities and their response under unexpected food, experimentally provided. Our observations showed a significant difference in microbiota communities between island and mainland groups, depended mainly from changes in relative abundance of the shared genera (difference due to decrease/increase). Exposure to experimental diet regimes resulted into significative reshaping of bacterial composition of microbiota and a greater variation in body mass only in the island population. Our results could be an evidence that gut microbial community contributes to adaptive plasticity mechanisms of island lizards under RIS to efficiently respond to unexpected changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Buglione
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Ezio Ricca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy.,Task Force of the Federico II University for Microbiome Studies, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Petrelli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Baccigalupi
- Task Force of the Federico II University for Microbiome Studies, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Troiano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Anella Saggese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rivieccio
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Fulgione
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy. .,Task Force of the Federico II University for Microbiome Studies, Naples, Italy.
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11
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Wang Z, Tang Y, Long L, Zhang H. Effects of Dietary L-Theanine on Growth Performance, Antioxidation, Meat Quality, and Intestinal Microflora in White Feather Broilers With Acute Oxidative Stress. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:889485. [PMID: 35812843 PMCID: PMC9267357 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.889485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to reduce the negative effects caused by oxidative stress on broilers, it is particularly important to find ways to alleviate oxidative stress. As a natural plant extract, L-theanine has a variety of biological effects, such as improving antioxidant capacity, promoting growth, and enhancing immunity and antitumor. This trial evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of L-theanine on growth performance, antioxidation, meat quality, and intestinal microflora in 817 White Feather Broilers. A total of 108 21-day-old 817 broilers with similar body weight (BW) were randomly divided into three groups with six replicates per group and six chickens within each replicate. The three groups were corn-soybean-based diet (NC group); basal diet plus drinking water with 30 mg hydrocortisone/kg (PC group); and basal diet supplemented with 400 mg L-theanine/kg plus drinking water with 30 mg hydrocortisone/kg (LT group). Compared with the NC group, from 21 to 24 days of age, the PC and LT groups had decreased BW, average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI), and increased feed to gain ratio (F/G; p < 0.05). At 24 days of age, the LT group had improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in serum as compared to the NC group (p < 0.05). The LT group broilers also had significantly higher concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and liver (p < 0.05). On the 42nd days, the PC group had lower PH45min (p < 0.05) than the NC and LT groups and higher cooking loss and shear force (p < 0.05). Moreover, the villi height of the PC group was significantly lower in jejunum than the NC group (p < 0.05). The LT group had a higher ZO-1 content in duodenum than the NC and PC groups (p < 0.05). The activity of GSH-Px in the liver of the LT group was increased than in the PC group (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the LT group was significantly higher than in the NC and PC groups (p < 0.05). These results suggested that the effects of acute oxidative stress on growth performance and meat quality of broilers are continuous, and dietary supplementation of L-theanine could improve the growth performance and meat quality, enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier and antioxidant capacity, and improve the composition of the intestinal flora of broilers caused by acute oxidative stress.
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Grinberg M, Levin R, Neuman H, Ziv O, Turjeman S, Gamliel G, Nosenko R, Koren O. Antibiotics increase aggression behavior and aggression-related pheromones and receptors in Drosophila melanogaster. iScience 2022; 25:104371. [PMID: 35620429 PMCID: PMC9127605 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggression is a behavior common in most species; it is controlled by internal and external drivers, including hormones, environmental cues, and social interactions, and underlying pathways are understood in a broad range of species. To date, though, effects of gut microbiota on aggression in the context of gut-brain communication and social behavior have not been completely elucidated. We examine how manipulation of Drosophila melanogaster microbiota affects aggression as well as the pathways that underlie the behavior in this species. Male flies treated with antibiotics exhibited significantly more aggressive behaviors. Furthermore, they had higher levels of cVA and (Z)-9 Tricosene, pheromones associated with aggression in flies, as well as higher expression of the relevant pheromone receptors and transporters OR67d, OR83b, GR32a, and LUSH. These findings suggest that aggressive behavior is, at least in part, mediated by bacterial species in flies. Aggression increases in flies that lack a microbiome Monocolonization with specific bacteria can mediate this effect We observed differences in aggression-related pheromone expression levels
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Lu J, Lu L, Yu Y, Oliphant K, Drobyshevsky A, Claud EC. Early preterm infant microbiome impacts adult learning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3310. [PMID: 35228616 PMCID: PMC8885646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interventions to mitigate long-term neurodevelopmental deficits such as memory and learning impairment in preterm infants are warranted. Manipulation of the gut microbiome affects host behaviors. In this study we determined whether early maturation of the infant microbiome is associated with neurodevelopment outcomes. Germ free mice colonized at birth with human preterm infant microbiomes from infants of advancing post menstrual age (PMA) demonstrated an increase in bacterial diversity and a shift in dominance of taxa mimicking the human preterm microbiome development pattern. These characteristics along with changes in a number of metabolites as the microbiome matured influenced associative learning and memory but not locomotor ability, anxiety-like behaviors, or social interaction in adult mice. As a regulator of learning and memory, brain glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor increased with advancing PMA and was also associated with better performance in associative learning and memory in adult mice. We conclude that maturation of the microbiome in early life of preterm infants primes adult associative memory and learning ability. Our findings suggest a critical window of early intervention to affect maturation of the preterm infant microbiome and ultimately improve neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine/Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Lei Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine/Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yueyue Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine/Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Oliphant
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine/Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Alexander Drobyshevsky
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, 60202, USA
| | - Erika C Claud
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine/Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Zhang X, Yoshihara K, Miyata N, Hata T, Altaisaikhan A, Takakura S, Asano Y, Izuno S, Sudo N. Dietary tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine depletion induce reduced food intake and behavioral alterations in mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 244:113653. [PMID: 34800493 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Important precursors of monoaminergic neurotransmitters, dietary tryptophan (TRP), tyrosine, and phenylalanine (all referred to as TTP), play crucial roles in a wide range of behavioral and emotional functions. In the current study, we investigated whether diets devoid of TTP or diets deficient in TRP alone can affect body weight, behavioral characteristics, and gut microbiota, by comparing mice fed on these amino acids-depleted diets to mice fed on diets containing regular levels of amino acids. Both dietary TTP- and TRP-deprived animals showed a reduction in food intake and body weight. In behavioral analyses, the mice fed TTP-deprived diets were more active than mice fed diets containing regular levels of amino acids. The TRP-deprived group exhibited a reduction in serum TRP levels, concomitant with a decrease in serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in some regions of the brain. The TTP-deprived group showed a reduction in TTP levels in the serum, concomitant with decreases in both phenylalanine and tyrosine levels in the hippocampus, as well as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine concentrations in some regions of the brain. Regarding the effects of TRP or TTP deprivation on gut microbial ecology, the relative abundance of genus Roseburia was significantly reduced in the TTP-deprived group than in the dietary restriction control group. Interestingly, TTP was found even in the feces of mice fed TTP- and TRP-deficient diets, suggesting that TTP is produced by microbial or enzymatic digestion of the host-derived proteins. However, microbe generated TTP did not compensate for the systemic TTP deficiency induced by the lack of dietary TTP intake. Collectively, these results indicate that chronic dietary TTP deprivation induces decreased monoamines and their metabolites in a brain region-specific manner. The altered activities of the monoaminergic systems may contribute to increased locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Zhang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yoshihara
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyata
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Hata
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Altanzul Altaisaikhan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shu Takakura
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunari Asano
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Izuno
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sudo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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