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Zhao H, Jiang X, Ma M, Xing L, Ji X, Pan Y. A neural pathway for social modulation of spontaneous locomotor activity (SoMo-SLA) in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314393121. [PMID: 38394240 PMCID: PMC10907233 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314393121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Social enrichment or social isolation affects a range of innate behaviors, such as sex, aggression, and sleep, but whether there is a shared mechanism is not clear. Here, we report a neural mechanism underlying social modulation of spontaneous locomotor activity (SoMo-SLA), an internal-driven behavior indicative of internal states. We find that social enrichment specifically reduces spontaneous locomotor activity in male flies. We identify neuropeptides Diuretic hormone 44 (DH44) and Tachykinin (TK) to be up- and down-regulated by social enrichment and necessary for SoMo-SLA. We further demonstrate a sexually dimorphic neural circuit, in which the male-specific P1 neurons encoding internal states form positive feedback with interneurons coexpressing doublesex (dsx) and Tk to promote locomotion, while P1 neurons also form negative feedback with interneurons coexpressing dsx and DH44 to inhibit locomotion. These two opposing neuromodulatory recurrent circuits represent a potentially common mechanism that underlies the social regulation of multiple innate behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Mingze Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Limin Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Yufeng Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong226019, China
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Brewer KK, Brewer KM, Terry TT, Caspary T, Vaisse C, Berbari NF. Postnatal Dynamic Ciliary ARL13B and ADCY3 Localization in the Mouse Brain. Cells 2024; 13:259. [PMID: 38334651 PMCID: PMC10854790 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are hair-like structures found on nearly all mammalian cell types, including cells in the developing and adult brain. A diverse set of receptors and signaling proteins localize within cilia to regulate many physiological and developmental pathways, including the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Defects in cilia structure, protein localization, and function lead to genetic disorders called ciliopathies, which present with various clinical features that include several neurodevelopmental phenotypes and hyperphagia-associated obesity. Despite their dysfunction being implicated in several disease states, understanding their roles in central nervous system (CNS) development and signaling has proven challenging. We hypothesize that dynamic changes to ciliary protein composition contribute to this challenge and may reflect unrecognized diversity of CNS cilia. The proteins ARL13B and ADCY3 are established markers of cilia in the brain. ARL13B is a regulatory GTPase important for regulating cilia structure, protein trafficking, and Hh signaling, and ADCY3 is a ciliary adenylyl cyclase. Here, we examine the ciliary localization of ARL13B and ADCY3 in the perinatal and adult mouse brain. We define changes in the proportion of cilia enriched for ARL13B and ADCY3 depending on brain region and age. Furthermore, we identify distinct lengths of cilia within specific brain regions of male and female mice. ARL13B+ cilia become relatively rare with age in many brain regions, including the hypothalamic feeding centers, while ADCY3 becomes a prominent cilia marker in the mature adult brain. It is important to understand the endogenous localization patterns of these proteins throughout development and under different physiological conditions as these common cilia markers may be more dynamic than initially expected. Understanding regional- and developmental-associated cilia protein composition signatures and physiological condition cilia dynamic changes in the CNS may reveal the molecular mechanisms associated with the features commonly observed in ciliopathy models and ciliopathies, like obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn K. Brewer
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.K.B.); (K.M.B.)
| | - Kathryn M. Brewer
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.K.B.); (K.M.B.)
| | - Tiffany T. Terry
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (T.T.T.); (T.C.)
| | - Tamara Caspary
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (T.T.T.); (T.C.)
| | - Christian Vaisse
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Nicolas F. Berbari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.K.B.); (K.M.B.)
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Yu ZX, Zha X, Xu XH. Estrogen-responsive neural circuits governing male and female mating behavior in mice. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 81:102749. [PMID: 37421660 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Decades of knockout analyses have highlighted the crucial involvement of estrogen receptors and downstream genes in controlling mating behaviors. More recently, advancements in neural circuit research have unveiled a distributed subcortical network comprising estrogen-receptor or estrogen-synthesis-enzyme-expressing cells that transforms sensory inputs into sex-specific mating actions. This review provides an overview of the latest discoveries on estrogen-responsive neurons in various brain regions and the associated neural circuits that govern different aspects of male and female mating actions in mice. By contextualizing these findings within previous knockout studies of estrogen receptors, we emphasize the emerging field of "circuit genetics", where identifying mating behavior-related neural circuits may allow for a more precise evaluation of gene functions within these circuits. Such investigations will enable a deeper understanding of how hormone fluctuation, acting through estrogen receptors and downstream genes, influences the connectivity and activity of neural circuits, ultimately impacting the manifestation of innate mating actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xian Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi Zha
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Nair A, Karigo T, Yang B, Ganguli S, Schnitzer MJ, Linderman SW, Anderson DJ, Kennedy A. An approximate line attractor in the hypothalamus encodes an aggressive state. Cell 2023; 186:178-193.e15. [PMID: 36608653 PMCID: PMC9990527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus regulates innate social behaviors, including mating and aggression. These behaviors can be evoked by optogenetic stimulation of specific neuronal subpopulations within MPOA and VMHvl, respectively. Here, we perform dynamical systems modeling of population neuronal activity in these nuclei during social behaviors. In VMHvl, unsupervised analysis identified a dominant dimension of neural activity with a large time constant (>50 s), generating an approximate line attractor in neural state space. Progression of the neural trajectory along this attractor was correlated with an escalation of agonistic behavior, suggesting that it may encode a scalable state of aggressiveness. Consistent with this, individual differences in the magnitude of the integration dimension time constant were strongly correlated with differences in aggressiveness. In contrast, approximate line attractors were not observed in MPOA during mating; instead, neurons with fast dynamics were tuned to specific actions. Thus, different hypothalamic nuclei employ distinct neural population codes to represent similar social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Nair
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Tomomi Karigo
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Surya Ganguli
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark J Schnitzer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Scott W Linderman
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David J Anderson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Ann Kennedy
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611, USA.
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Neural Control of Action Selection Among Innate Behaviors. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1541-1558. [PMID: 35633465 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous systems must not only generate specific adaptive behaviors, such as reproduction, aggression, feeding, and sleep, but also select a single behavior for execution at any given time, depending on both internal states and external environmental conditions. Despite their tremendous biological importance, the neural mechanisms of action selection remain poorly understood. In the past decade, studies in the model animal Drosophila melanogaster have demonstrated valuable neural mechanisms underlying action selection of innate behaviors. In this review, we summarize circuit mechanisms with a particular focus on a small number of sexually dimorphic neurons in controlling action selection among sex, fight, feeding, and sleep behaviors in both sexes of flies. We also discuss potentially conserved circuit configurations and neuromodulation of action selection in both the fly and mouse models, aiming to provide insights into action selection and the sexually dimorphic prioritization of innate behaviors.
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Hahn JD, Gao L, Boesen T, Gou L, Hintiryan H, Dong HW. Macroscale connections of the mouse lateral preoptic area and anterior lateral hypothalamic area. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2254-2285. [PMID: 35579973 PMCID: PMC9283274 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The macroscale neuronal connections of the lateral preoptic area (LPO) and the caudally adjacent lateral hypothalamic area anterior region (LHAa) were investigated in mice by anterograde and retrograde axonal tracing. Both hypothalamic regions are highly and diversely connected, with connections to >200 gray matter regions spanning the forebrain, midbrain, and rhombicbrain. Intrahypothalamic connections predominate, followed by connections with the cerebral cortex and cerebral nuclei. A similar overall pattern of LPO and LHAa connections contrasts with substantial differences between their input and output connections. Strongest connections include outputs to the lateral habenula, medial septal and diagonal band nuclei, and inputs from rostral and caudal lateral septal nuclei; however, numerous additional robust connections were also observed. The results are discussed in relation to a current model for the mammalian forebrain network that associates LPO and LHAa with a range of functional roles, including reward prediction, innate survival behaviors (including integrated somatomotor and physiological control), and affect. The present data suggest a broad and intricate role for LPO and LHAa in behavioral control, similar in that regard to previously investigated LHA regions, contributing to the finely tuned sensory‐motor integration that is necessary for behavioral guidance supporting survival and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Hahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lei Gao
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tyler Boesen
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lin Gou
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Houri Hintiryan
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hong-Wei Dong
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Gębska M, Kołodziej Ł, Dalewski B, Pałka Ł, Sobolewska E. The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Stress Levels and Occurrence of Stomatoghnatic System Disorders (SSDs) among Physiotherapy Students in Poland. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173872. [PMID: 34501318 PMCID: PMC8432109 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study is a quantitative analysis examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of stress and stomatognathic system disorders (SSDs) among students of physiotherapy. Objective: To assess stress severity, strategies of coping with stress and the presence of type D personality among physiotherapy students including those with symptoms of stomatognathic system disorders. Material and Methods: The research was conducted from October to December 2020 on a sample of 188 students of physiotherapy. The data were collected using a survey form related to the occurrence of SS disorders symptoms and standardized psychological questionnaires, such as the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-10, Mini-Cope, and the type-D Scale (DS14), developed for the purpose of this study. Results: Women experiencing at least one of the SS disorder-related symptoms were characterized by a significantly higher level of stress and a type D personality (p < 0.05). Among men, these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). On the basis of the strategies of coping with stress, i.e., positive self-reevaluation, discharging and blaming oneself, and taking psychoactive substances, it is possible to predict the intensity of stress during the pandemic in the group of the examined students. Among the reported symptoms of SS, headache was a significant predictor of stress, which was accompanied by an increase in the intensity of stress by nearly 0.2 measurement points. Students with higher levels of stress showed more symptoms of type D personality, and those with more severe symptoms of SS showed higher levels of stress. Conclusions: People prone to stress and having type D personality traits should be assessed for the presence of SS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gębska
- Department of Rehabilitation Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (Ł.K.)
| | - Łukasz Kołodziej
- Department of Rehabilitation Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (Ł.K.)
| | - Bartosz Dalewski
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (B.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Łukasz Pałka
- Private Dental Practice, 68-200 Żary, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-608882535
| | - Ewa Sobolewska
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (B.D.); (E.S.)
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