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Rafique H, Hu X, Ren T, Dong R, Aadil RM, Zou L, Sharif MK, Li L. Characterization and Exploration of the Neuroprotective Potential of Oat-Protein-Derived Peptides in PC12 Cells and Scopolamine-Treated Zebrafish. Nutrients 2023; 16:117. [PMID: 38201947 PMCID: PMC10780882 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders pose a substantial risk to human health, and oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, and inflammation are the major contributors. The purpose of this study was to explore the neuroprotective effects of oat protein hydrolysate (OPH) and identify peptides with neuroprotective potential. This study is the first to isolate and identify OPH peptides with neuroprotective potential, including DFVADHPFLF (DF-10), HGQNFPIL (HL-8), and RDFPITWPW (RW-9), by screening via peptidomes and molecular-docking simulations. These peptides showed positive effects on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and thus reduced oxidative stress through regulation of Nrf2-keap1/HO-1 gene expression in vitro and in vivo. The peptides also significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in the zebrafish model. This improvement was correlated with mitigation of MDA levels, AChE activity, and levels of inflammatory cytokines in the brains of zebrafish. Furthermore, these peptides significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of Bdnf, Nrf2, and Erg1 in the brains of zebrafish with neurodegenerative disorders. Collectively, oat peptides have potential for use as active components in nutraceutical applications for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Rafique
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (H.R.)
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (H.R.)
| | - Tian Ren
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (H.R.)
| | - Rui Dong
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (H.R.)
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Mian Kamran Sharif
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Lu Li
- Guilin Seamild Food Co., Ltd., Guilin 541000, China
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2
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Liu R, Liu Z, Chen H, He S, Wang S, Dai J, Li X. Ginkgolide K delays the progression of osteoarthritis by regulating YAP to promote the formation of cartilage extracellular matrix. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5205-5222. [PMID: 37527970 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by cartilage wear and degradation. Ginkgolide K (GK) is a natural compound extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves and possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. We found that the biological characteristics of GK were highly consistent with those of OA medications. This study aimed to determine and verify the therapeutic effect of GK on OA and mechanism of its therapeutic effect. For the in vivo experiment, OA rats were regularly injected in the articular cavity with GK, and the curative effects were observed after 4 and 8 weeks. For the in vitro experiment, we treated OA chondrocytes with different concentrations of GK and then detected the related indices of OA. Through the in vivo and in vitro experiments, we found that GK could promote the production of major components of the cartilage extracellular matrix. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that GK may activate hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha via the hypoxia signaling pathway, which, in turn, activates yes-associated protein and inhibits apoptosis of OA chondrocytes. GK has a therapeutic effect on OA and, therefore, has the potential to be developed into a new drug for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhou Liu
- Clinical Medical Collage of Yangzhou University, North Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | | | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Medical Collage of Yangzhou University, North Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shiping He
- Clinical Medical Collage of Yangzhou University, North Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shihan Wang
- Clinical Medical Collage of Yangzhou University, North Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jihang Dai
- Clinical Medical Collage of Yangzhou University, North Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Clinical Medical Collage of Yangzhou University, North Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
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3
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El-Ansary A, Al-Ayadhi L. Effects of Walnut and Pumpkin on Selective Neurophenotypes of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Case Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4564. [PMID: 37960217 PMCID: PMC10647375 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Special diets or nutritional supplements are regularly given to treat children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The increased consumption of particular foods has been demonstrated in numerous trials to lessen autism-related symptoms and comorbidities. A case study on a boy with moderate autism who significantly improved after three years of following a healthy diet consisting of pumpkin and walnuts was examined in this review in connection to a few different neurophenotypes of ASD. We are able to suggest that a diet high in pumpkin and walnuts was useful in improving the clinical presentation of the ASD case evaluated by reducing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered gut microbiota, all of which are etiological variables. Using illustrated figures, a full description of the ways by which a diet high in pumpkin and nuts could assist the included case is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf El-Ansary
- Autism Center, Lotus Holistic Alternative Medical Center, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 110281, United Arab Emirates
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Laila Al-Ayadhi
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Modi JP, Shen W, Menzie-Suderam J, Xu H, Lin CH, Tao R, Prentice HM, Schloss J, Wu JY. The Role of NMDA Receptor Partial Antagonist, Carbamathione, as a Therapeutic Agent for Transient Global Ischemia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1885. [PMID: 37509524 PMCID: PMC10377037 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbamathione (Carb), an NMDA glutamate receptor partial antagonist, has potent neuroprotective functions against hypoxia- or ischemia-induced neuronal injury in cell- or animal-based stroke models. We used PC-12 cell cultures as a cell-based model and bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) for stroke. Whole-cell patch clamp recording in the mouse retinal ganglion cells was performed. Key proteins involved in apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and heat shock proteins were analyzed using immunoblotting. Carb is effective in protecting PC12 cells against glutamate- or hypoxia-induced cell injury. Electrophysiological results show that Carb attenuates NMDA-mediated glutamate currents in the retinal ganglion cells, which results in activation of the AKT signaling pathway and increased expression of pro-cell survival biomarkers, e.g., Hsp 27, P-AKT, and Bcl2 and decreased expression of pro-cell death markers, e.g., Beclin 1, Bax, and Cleaved caspase 3, and ER stress markers, e.g., CHOP, IRE1, XBP1, ATF 4, and eIF2α. Using the BCAO animal stroke model, we found that Carb reduced the brain infarct volume and decreased levels of ER stress markers, GRP 78, CHOP, and at the behavioral level, e.g., a decrease in asymmetric turns and an increase in locomotor activity. These findings for Carb provide promising and rational strategies for stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigar Pravinchandra Modi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Center of Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Janet Menzie-Suderam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Hongyuan Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Chun-Hua Lin
- Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning University, Taipei 11485, Taiwan
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Howard M Prentice
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Center of Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - John Schloss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, American University of Health Sciences, Signal Hill, CA 90755, USA
| | - Jang-Yen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Center of Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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Qi Y, Liu G, Fang C, Jing C, Tang S, Li G, Wang C, Zhu H, Zhao M, Sun Z, Wu J, Yan P. Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Xenicane Diterpenes from the Brown Alga Dictyota coriacea. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8034-8044. [PMID: 36872965 PMCID: PMC9979362 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Five new xenicane diterpenes, including three rare nitrogen-containing derivatives, dictyolactams A (1) and B (2) and 9-demethoxy-9-ethoxyjoalin (3), a rare diterpene with a cyclobutanone moiety, named 4-hydroxyisoacetylcoriacenone (4), and 19-O-acetyldictyodiol (5), were isolated from an East China Sea collection of the brown alga Dictyota coriacea, along with 15 known analogues (6-20). The structures of the new diterpenes were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and theoretical ECD calculations. All compounds had cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress in neuron-like PC12 cells. The antioxidant mechanism of 18-acetoxy-6,7-epoxy-4-hydroxydictyo-19-al (6) was related to the activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway; it also showed significant neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in vivo. This study provided xenicane diterpene as a promising lead scaffold for the development of potent neuroprotective agents against CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qi
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Liu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengyan Fang
- Department
of Pharmacy, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Jing
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Tang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Li
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoru Zhu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Sun
- Institute
of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhang Wu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
- The
Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, People’s Republic of China
- Oujiang
Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain
Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Yan
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
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Yang Y, Ding Y, Gao H, Jiang X, Zhao Q. TCQA, A Natural Caffeoylquinic Acid Derivative Attenuates H2O2-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis by Suppressing Phosphorylation of MAPKs Signaling Pathway. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:1132-1140. [PMID: 34861701 DOI: 10.1055/a-1683-6361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
1,3,5-Tri-O-caffeoyl quinic acid is a caffeoylquinic acid derivative isolated from the roots of Arctium lappa L. Our previous studies have revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of A. lappa L. and the caffeoylquinic acids contained in it possess antioxidant properties, especially 1,3,5-tri-O-caffeoyl quinic acid. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of 1,3,5-tri-O-caffeoyl quinic acid against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and explore the underlying mechanism. We found that 1,3,5-tri-O-caffeoyl quinic acid prevented the decline of cell viability and excessive release of lactate dehydrogenase induced by hydrogen peroxide. In addition, Hoechst 33 342 staining and Annexin V-PI double staining showed that 1,3,5-tri-O-caffeoyl quinic acid inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal cell apoptosis. 1,3,5-Tri-O-caffeoyl quinic acid reduced the excessive production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, decreased the malondialdehyde content, and improved the activity of superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, 1,3,5-tri-O-caffeoyl quinic acid restored the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in SH-SY5Y cells induced by hydrogen peroxide. 1,3,5-Tri-O-caffeoyl quinic acid downregulated the overexpression of proapoptotic proteins, including Bax, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 as well as promoted the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Moreover, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases induced by hydrogen peroxide was inhibited by 1,3,5-tri-O-caffeoyl quinic acid. Pretreatment with 1,3,5-tri-O-caffeoyl quinic acid also promoted the activation of phosphorylated Akt. Taken together, these findings suggest that 1,3,5-tri-O-caffeoyl quinic acid exerts protective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal apoptosis. In addition, inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and the activation of Akt are implicated in the antioxidant activity of 1,3,5-tri-O-caffeoyl quinic acid, giving new insight in searching for a compound with antioxidant activity for the treatment of oxidative stress-associated neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yufang Ding
- Department of pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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7
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The neuroprotective effect of walnut-derived peptides against glutamate-induced damage in PC12 cells: mechanism and bioavailability. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Tian D, Guo Y, Zhang D, Gao Q, Liu G, Lin J, Chang Z, Wang Y, Su R, Han Z. Shenzhi Jiannao formula ameliorates vascular dementia in vivo and in vitro by inhibition glutamate neurotoxicity via promoting clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Chin Med 2021; 16:65. [PMID: 34321050 PMCID: PMC8317332 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic damage and glutamate excitotoxicity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia (VD). Clathrin, RAB5B and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 1 (NMDAR1) proteins play a vital role in endocytosis of synaptic vesicles in neurons and glutamate over accumulation. Previous researches have been confirmed that Shenzhi Jiannao (SZJN) formula has an anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effect in VD, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of SZJN formula on cognitive impairment and glutamate excitotoxicity via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in vivo and in vitro. METHODS SZJN formula consists of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey., Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, and Paeonia anomala subsp. veitchii (Lynch) D.Y.Hong & K.Y.Pan. All herbs were prepared into granules. Both common carotid arteries were permanent occluded (2-vessel occlusion, 2VO) in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats to model VD. One day after operation, the rats began daily treatment with SZJN formula for 2 weeks. The neuroprotective effects of SZJN formula was subsequently assessed by the novel object recognition test, Morris water maze, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Nissl staining. Glutamate cytotoxicity was assessed by detecting cell viability and cell death of PC12 cells. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and quantitative real-time PCR were used to detect the expression levels of clathrin, RAB5B, and NMDAR1. RESULTS Administration of SZJN formula effectively improved short-term memory and spatial memory. SZJN formula treatment significantly reduced hippocampal neuronal loss, and recovered the arrangement and morphology of neurons and Nissl bodies. Moreover, SZJN formula promoted the proliferation of PC12 cells and inhibited glutamate-induced cell death. The down-regulation of clathrin and RAB5B, as well as the upregulation of NMDAR1 in the brain induced by 2VO or glutamate was also notably reversed by SZJN formula at both the protein and mRNA levels, which may contribute to SZJN formula induced improved neurological function. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings provide evidence that the neuroprotective effects of SZJN formula in experimental VD maybe mediated through promoting the expression of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and reducing NMDARs-associated glutamate excitotoxicity. SZJN formula serves as a promising alternative therapy and may be a useful herbal medicine for preventing progression of VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Tian
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yangyang Guo
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ganlu Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jingfeng Lin
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ze Chang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Scientific Research, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Zhenyun Han
- Shenzhen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (Longgang), No. 1 Dayun Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
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Rolle J, Asante DO, Kok-Fong LL, Boucetta H, Seidu TA, Tai LLK, Alolga RN. Jatrorrhizine: a review of its pharmacological effects. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:709-719. [PMID: 33822109 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Jatrorrhizine is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in medicinal plants. It is the main bioactive compound of the Chinese herbs, Coptis chinensis, Rhizoma coptidis, and Phellodendron chinense Schneid, plants that are predominantly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of metabolic disorders, gastritis, stomachache among a host of others. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive review of the pharmacological effects of jatrorrhizine, proffer suggestions on research areas that need redress and potentially serve as a reference for future studies. KEY FINDINGS Published scientific literature was therefore retrieved from all credible sources including Pubmed, Elsevier, Research Gate, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Europe PMC and Wiley Online library using key words such as 'jatrorrhizine', 'botanical sources', 'pharmacology', 'toxicology', 'pharmacokinetics' or their combinations. A cursory examination of relevant scientific literature using the aforementioned key words produced more than 400 publications. CONCLUSIONS Using an inclusion/exclusion criteria the subject matter of this review was adequately addressed. It is our hope that this review will provide a good platform for further research on fully harnessing the potential of this bioactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janiqua Rolle
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dorothy O Asante
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linsey L Kok-Fong
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hamza Boucetta
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Theodora A Seidu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lesieli L K Tai
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Raphael N Alolga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Chen LY, Yang CZ, Xu Y, Qi CY, Zhong Y, Wu B. SYNTHESIS, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF (E)-1-(4-(4-BROMOBENZYL)PIPERAZIN-1-YL)- 3-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)PROP-2-EN-1-ONE. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s002247662103015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Chen B, Zhao J, Zhang R, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Yang H, An J. Neuroprotective effects of natural compounds on neurotoxin-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1078-1099. [PMID: 33164705 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1840035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overproduction of reactive species, notably reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species, along with the failure of balancing effects of endogenous antioxidant defenses result in destruction of cellular structures, lipids, proteins, and genetic material, which lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Antioxidants represent one of the medical choice strategies for protecting against this unbalanced oxidation-antioxidation status. Recently, natural compounds with neuroprotective potential that can scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage have received extensive attention. METHODS In this review, we summarized the detailed research progress on the medicinal plants-derived natural compounds with potential anti-oxidation effects and their molecular mechanisms on modulating the neurotoxin (6-OHDA, H2O2, glutamate, Aβ)-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. RESULTS The natural compounds that efficacious in modulating reactive species production and mitochondrial function include flavonoids, glucosides, alkaloids, polyphenols, lignans, coumarins, terpenoids, quinones and others. They decreased the neurotoxin-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis by (1) decreasing ROS/RNS generation, lipid peroxidation, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities, LDH release, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, Ca2+ influx and cytochrome c release, (2) elevating MMP, and (3) restoring endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, GSH-Px, GSR, SOD). And they exerted neuroprotective effects against cell damages and apoptosis by modulating the oxidative cascades of different signaling pathways (Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, GSK-3β) and preventing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways. DISCUSSION The present work reviews the role of oxidative stress in neurodegeneration, highlighting the potential anti-oxidation effects of natural compounds as a promising approach to develop innovative neuroprotective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing An
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
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Yang SJ, Han AR, Choi HR, Hwang K, Kim EA, Choi SY, Cho SW. N-Adamantyl-4-methylthiazol-2-amine suppresses glutamate-induced autophagic cell death via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in cortical neurons. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 32635984 PMCID: PMC7607153 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that N-adamantyl-4-methylthiazol-2-amine (KHG26693) attenuates glutamate-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain. In this study, we investigated KHG 26693 as a therapeutic agent against glutamate-induced autophagic death of cortical neurons. Treatment with KHG26693 alone did not affect the viability of cultured cortical neurons but was protective against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. KHG26693 attenuated the glutamate-induced increase in protein levels of LC3, beclin-1, and p62. Whereas glutamate decreased the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, these levels were restored by treatment with KHG26693. These results suggest that KHG26693 inhibits glutamate-induced autophagy by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Finally, KHG26693 treatment also attenuated glutamate-induced increases in reactive oxygen species, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase levels in cortical neurons, indicating that KHG26693 also protects cortical neurons against glutamate-induced autophagy by regulating the reactive oxygen species scavenging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ju Yang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - A Reum Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Kyouk Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
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13
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Afshari AR, Fanoudi S, Rajabian A, Sadeghnia HR, Mollazadeh H, Hosseini A. Potential protective roles of phytochemicals on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity: A review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:1113-1123. [PMID: 32963732 PMCID: PMC7491505 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.43687.10259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate, as an essential neurotransmitter, has been thought to have different roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including nerve regeneration, synaptogenesis, and neurogenesis. Excessive glutamate causes an up-regulation of the multiple signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and autophagy that are involved in neurodegenerative diseases pathophysiology. There are numerous findings on curcumin, astaxanthin, thymoquinone, and berberine, as natural products, which have outstanding effects in cell signaling far beyond their anti-oxidant activity, considering as a potential therapeutic target for glutamate excitotoxicity. Herein, we address the role of glutamate as a potential target in neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the protective effects of certain phytochemicals on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir R. Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arezoo Rajabian
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid R. Sadeghnia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Ren D, Li F, Gao A, Cao Q, Liu Y, Zhang J. Hypoxia-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes is restricted by ginkgolide B-downregulated microRNA-29. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1067-1076. [PMID: 32295500 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1731651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolide B exerts a cardioprotective function against ischemia-caused apoptosis in myocardial infarction. Here we sought out to address a functional mechanism associated with microRNA-29 (miR-29). Rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) were cultured in ginkgolide B-conditioned medium prior to hypoxic induction. To construct miR-29-overexpressed cells, miR-29 mimic was transfected into H9c2 cells. The cells were harvested for assaying survivability and apoptosis by CCK-8 and FITC-Annexin V staining methods. Western blot was applied to identify apoptotic hallmarks and signaling transducers. RT-PCR was carried out for investigating miR-29 expression. Cardiomyocytes were sensitive to hypoxic apoptosis, while ginkgolide B intensified the abilities of cardiomyocytes to resist hypoxia by increasing survivability and repressing apoptosis. Specifically, ginkgolide B repressed Bax and cleaved caspase 3 while enhanced Bcl-2. Ginkgolide B buffered the expression of miR-29 induced by hypoxia. However, ginkgolide B showed a slight role in survivability and apoptosis in the cells overexpressing miR-29. Meanwhile, ginkgolide B triggered the phosphorylation of PI3 K and AKT, as well as induced Sp1, while this beneficial role was abrogated in the cells treated by miR-29 mimic. Our results confirmed that ginkgolide B might have therapeutic significance by repressing hypoxic apoptosis. Ginkgolide B-elicited miR-29 inhibition might be the basis of this beneficial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fang Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - An Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qingwen Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yarong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junru Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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15
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Yalçın E, Çavuşoğlu K, Acar A, Yapar K. In vivo protective effects of Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extract against hydrogen peroxide toxicity: cytogenetic and biochemical evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3156-3164. [PMID: 31838678 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the protective effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GbE) against toxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Swiss albino mice were investigated. Abnormal metaphase number (AMn), mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN), and chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) were analyzed for cytogenetic effects. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver and kidney organs were investigated as indicators of biochemical toxicity. Six experimental groups were formed as a control and treatment group, each containing six animals. The mice in the control group were given tap water, while the mice in the administration group received two different doses of GbE and H2O2 for 45 consecutive days. It was observed that H2O2 administration caused a significant decrease in MI compared to the control group and caused a significant decrease in the frequency of AMn, MN, and CAs. Chromatid break was the most common type of CAs induced by H2O2, and the other CAs types observed in this study were chromosome break, fragment, dicentric, gap, and ring. It has been determined that GbE treatment decreases the clastogenic effects of H2O2 and reduces the MN and CAs frequency and causes a re-increase in mitotic cell numbers. It was determined that H2O2 administration caused changes in biochemical parameters and resulted in significant increases in serum AST, ALP, ALT, BUN, and creatinine levels. However, the level of MDA, which is an indicator of oxidative damage, increased, and GSH level decreased in liver and kidney tissues. Oxidative damage caused by H2O2 in liver and kidney tissues was improved, and all biochemical parameters tested were found to be ameliorated after GbE treatment. This improvement was dependent on the dose of GbE, and improvement in 150 mg/kg bw GbE was found to be more prominent. As a result, the GbE can be used as an antioxidant nutritional supplement to protect against the toxic effects of environmental agents such as H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Yalçın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Ali Acar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Kürşad Yapar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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16
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Rajabian A, Sadeghnia HR, Hosseini A, Mousavi SH, Boroushaki MT. 3‐Acetyl‐11‐keto‐β‐boswellic acid attenuated oxidative glutamate toxicity in neuron‐like cell lines by apoptosis inhibition. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1778-1789. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Rajabian
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohammad Taher Boroushaki
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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17
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Liu J, Geng T, Duan K, Gao X, Huang C, Wang J, Huang W, Huang L, Wang Z, Xiao W. Cellular pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics mechanisms of ginkgo diterpene lactone and its modulation of P‐glycoprotein expression in human SH‐SY5Y cells. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4692. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐ying Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
| | - Ting Geng
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
- Jiangsu Enterprise Academician WorkstationNational Enterprise Technology Center, National Post‐doctoral Research Workstation Lianyungang China
| | - Kun Duan
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Xia Gao
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
| | - Chao‐jie Huang
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
| | - Jia‐jia Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
| | - Wen‐zhe Huang
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
- Jiangsu Enterprise Academician WorkstationNational Enterprise Technology Center, National Post‐doctoral Research Workstation Lianyungang China
| | | | - Zhen‐zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
- Jiangsu Enterprise Academician WorkstationNational Enterprise Technology Center, National Post‐doctoral Research Workstation Lianyungang China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
- Jiangsu Enterprise Academician WorkstationNational Enterprise Technology Center, National Post‐doctoral Research Workstation Lianyungang China
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18
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Pang HQ, An HM, Yang H, Wu SQ, Fan JL, Mi L, Wang H, Li P, Gao W. Comprehensive chemical profiling of Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule and its neuroprotective activity evaluation in vitro. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:288-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Xu J, Wang X, Yin H, Cao X, Hu Q, Lv W, Xu Q, Gu Z, Xin H. Sequentially Site-Specific Delivery of Thrombolytics and Neuroprotectant for Enhanced Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. ACS NANO 2019; 13:8577-8588. [PMID: 31339295 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke caused by a thrombus clog and ischemia is one of the most lethal and disabling cerebrovascular diseases. A sequentially targeted delivery system is highly desired to deliver thrombolytics and neuroprotectant to the site of the thrombus and ischemic penumbra, respectively, to pursue a maximized combinational effect. Inspired by the vital roles that platelets play in thrombus formation, herein, we develop a bioengineered "nanoplatelet" (tP-NP-rtPA/ZL006e) for sequentially site-specific delivery of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and neuroprotectant (ZL006e) for ischemic stroke treatment. The tP-NP-rtPA/ZL006e consists of a ZL006e-loaded dextran derivative polymeric nanoparticle core and platelet membrane shell conjugated with thrombin-cleavable Tat-peptide-coupled rtPA. Mediated by the cloak of the platelet membrane, tP-NP-rtPA/ZL006e targets the thrombus site and rtPA is triggered to release by the upregulated thrombin. Subsequently, the in situ exposed Tat peptide enhanced penetration of the "nanoplatelet" across the blood-brain barrier into ischemic brain for ZL006e site-specific delivery. From the in vitro and in vivo evaluation, tP-NP-rtPA/ZL006e is demonstrated to significantly enhance the anti-ischemic stroke efficacy in the rat model with middle cerebral artery occlusion, showing a 63 and 72% decrease in ischemic area and reactive oxygen species level compared to that with free drug combination, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpei Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
- Department of Pharmacy , Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University , Lianyungang 222000 , China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
- Department of Pharmacy , Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University , Lianyungang 222000 , China
| | - Haoyuan Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute, and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Qunwei Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
- Department of Pharmacy , Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University , Lianyungang 222000 , China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute, and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Hongliang Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
- Department of Pharmacy , Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University , Lianyungang 222000 , China
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
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20
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Yang SJ, Han AR, Kim EA, Yang JW, Ahn JY, Na JM, Cho SW. KHG21834 attenuates glutamate-induced mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 856:172412. [PMID: 31129157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
New compounds were screened to develop effective drugs against glutamate-induced toxicity. The present study assessed the effects of the novel thiazole derivative KHG21834 against glutamate-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell cultures. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with KHG21834 significantly protected cells against glutamate-induced toxicity in a dose-dependent manner, with an optimum concentration of 50 μM. KHG21834 protected SH-SY5Y cells against glutamate toxicity by suppressing glutamate-induced oxidative stress by 50%. KHG21834 also attenuated glutamate-induced mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP level reductions, and intracellular Ca2+ influx. Furthermore, KHG21834 efficiently reduced glutamate-induced ER stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation (59% and 65% of glutamate group, respectively). In addition, KHG21834 effectively attenuated glutamate-induced levels of Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, p-p38, p-JNK proteins, and TUNEL positive cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that KHG21834 can effectively protect SH-SY5Y cells against glutamate toxicity, suggesting that this compound may be a valuable therapeutic agent for the treatment of glutamate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ju Yang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, South Korea
| | - A Reum Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, South Korea
| | - Ji Woong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Jee-Yin Ahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jung-Min Na
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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21
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Yu WB, Wang Q, Chen S, Cao L, Tang J, Ma CG, Xiao W, Xiao BG. The therapeutic potential of ginkgolide K in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via peripheral immunomodulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:284-294. [PMID: 30851709 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a T cell-mediated inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, accompanied by neuronal degeneration. Based on the anti-inflammatory effects of Ginkgolide K (GK), a platelet activating factor antagonist, we explored the possible application of GK in the treatment of MS. The results showed that GK effectively ameliorated the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The intervention of GK inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and demyelination in the spinal cord. At the same time, the expression of the inflammation-related molecules TLR4, NF-κB, and COX2 in the spinal cord was significantly lower in the GK-treated mice, indicating that GK intervention can inhibit the inflammatory microenvironment of the spinal cord in EAE mice. In mouse spleen lymphocytes, GK increased the proportion of regulatory T cells (Treg) and reduced the proportion of T helper 17 cells (Th17), modifying the imbalance between Th17/Treg cells. Additionally, GK shifted macrophage/microglia polarization from M1 to M2 cell type. Importantly, GK inhibited the expression of chemotactic molecules CCL-2, CCL-3 and CCL-5, thereby limiting the migration of inflammatory cells to the spinal cord. Our results provide the possibility that GK may be a promising naturally small molecule compound for the future treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Yu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Wang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, University of Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, University of Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Protective effect of 5-HT7 receptor activation against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells via antioxidative and antiapoptotic pathways. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019; 72:22-28. [PMID: 30685503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects through 5-HT7 receptors. The present study determined the role of 5-HT7 receptors in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity by using human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The cells were pretreated with different concentrations of 5-HT7 receptor agonist LP44 and antagonist SB269970 for 60 min, followed by treatment with glutamate. Cell proliferation was measured using xCELLigence system. Treatment with all the concentrations of LP44 significantly protected the cells from the toxic effects of glutamate after 24, 48 and 72 h. Although 5-HT7 receptor expression was significantly upregulated in glutamate-treated cells, it was downregulated in LP44-pretreated cells. Furthermore, LP44 treatment significantly decreased malondialdehyde levels and increased superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione levels. Moreover, LP44 treatment significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels and inhibited caspase 3 and caspase 9 mRNA expression. In contrast, SB269970 treatment exerted an insignificant effect on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. These findings suggest that exogenous stimulation of the 5-HT7 receptors may be protective in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity and that 5-HT7 receptor agonists can be used as therapeutic agents for preventing glutamate-induced neurological disorders.
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23
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Wu J, Xi Y, Huang L, Li G, Mao Q, Fang C, Shan T, Jiang W, Zhao M, He W, Dong J, Li X, Qiu P, Yan P. A Steroid-Type Antioxidant Targeting the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway from the Soft Coral Dendronephthya gigantea. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:2567-2575. [PMID: 30407007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Four new steroids, named 7-dehydroerectasteroid F (1), 11α-acetoxyarmatinol A (2), 22,23-didehydroarmatinol A (3), and 3-O-acetylhyrtiosterol (4), together with 11 previously described analogues, were isolated from a South China Sea collection of the soft coral Dendronephthya gigantea. The structures of the new steroids were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with previously reported data. Compound 1 showed potent protection against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in neuron-like PC12 cells by promoting nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and enhancing the expression of HO-1. 1 represents the first steroid-type antioxidant from marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Xi
- Department of Pharmacy , The First People's Hospital of Yongkang , Yongkang , Zhejiang 321300 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Huang
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital , Ningbo , Zhejiang 315041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyan Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tizhuang Shan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225127 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225127 , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiubao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Ocean College , Hainan University , Haikou , Hainan 570228 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peihong Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , People's Republic of China
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Wang S, Su G, Zhang Q, Zhao T, Liu Y, Zheng L, Zhao M. Walnut ( Juglans regia) Peptides Reverse Sleep Deprivation-Induced Memory Impairment in Rat via Alleviating Oxidative Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10617-10627. [PMID: 30226056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the neuroprotective effects of walnut protein hydrolysates (WPH) against memory deficits induced by sleep deprivation (SD) in rat and further to identify and characterize the potent neuroprotective peptides against glutamate-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Results showed that a remarkable amelioration effect on behavioral performance in Morris water maze test was observed for WPH and its low molecular weight fraction WPHL, especially for WPHL. Additionally, a reduction of antioxidant defense (catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and an increase of malondialdehyde content induced by SD were normalized in brain of rat after oral administration of WPH and WPHL. Then three neuroprotective peptides including GGW, VYY, and LLPF were identified from WPHL, which could protect PC12 cells against glutamate-induced apoptosis with relative cell viability of 78.29 ± 3.09%, 80.65 ± 1.74%, and 83.97 ± 3.06%, respectively, versus glutamate group 48.61 ± 3.99%. The possible mechanism underlying their protective effects of GGW and VYY could be related to their strong radical scavenging activity as well as their ability to reduce reactive oxygen species production and the depletion of SOD and GSH-px in PC12 cells. Notably, the marked neuroprotective effects of LLPF, which did not show obvious free-radical scavenging activity in vitro, could be attributed to its strong effects on inhibiting Ca2+ influx and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse. Additionally, all these peptides could regulate the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2). Therefore, walnut peptides might be regarded as the potential nutraceuticals against neurodegenerative disorders associated with memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Guowan Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology & Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
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25
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Yoon KN, Jang HS. Anti-Xanthine Oxidase, Anti-Cholinesterase, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fruiting Bodies of Phellinus gilvus. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2018.50.3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Nam Yoon
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Ansan University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Jang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Ansan University, Ansan, Korea
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Yu WB, Cao L, Zhao YY, Xiao W, Xiao BG. Comparing the role of Ginkgolide B and Ginkgolide K on cultured astrocytes exposed to oxygen‑glucose deprivation. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4417-4427. [PMID: 30221704 PMCID: PMC6172388 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolide B (GB) and ginkgolide K (GK) are two main active monomers of ginkgolides that present a unique group of diterpenes found naturally in the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree. Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type within the central nervous system (CNS) and serve essential roles in maintaining healthy brain function. The present study compared the biological effects of GB and GK on astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The results demonstrated that GB and GK exhibit many different actions. The level of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) was elevated on astrocytes exposed to OGD, and inhibited by GB and GK treatment. Although GB and GK inhibited the expression of p-NF-κB/p65, GK exerted stronger anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on astrocytes exposed to OGD than GB by inhibiting interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and inducing IL-10 and the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2/HO-1 signaling pathway. When compared with GB treatment, GK treatment maintained high levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphorylated-protein kinase B expression, and induced a marked upregulation of Wnt family member 1 and brain derived neurotrophic factor, indicating that GK, as a natural plant compound, may have more attractive prospects for clinical application in the treatment of neurological disorders than GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Yu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New‑Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222047, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New‑Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222047, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Zhang Y, Miao JM. Ginkgolide K promotes astrocyte proliferation and migration after oxygen-glucose deprivation via inducing protective autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 832:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Lv W, Xu J, Wang X, Li X, Xu Q, Xin H. Bioengineered Boronic Ester Modified Dextran Polymer Nanoparticles as Reactive Oxygen Species Responsive Nanocarrier for Ischemic Stroke Treatment. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5417-5426. [PMID: 29869497 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability and death worldwide. Current drug delivery vehicles for the treatment of ischemic stroke are less than satisfactory, in large part due to their short circulation lives, lack of specific targeting to the ischemic site, and poor controllability of drug release. In light of the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ischemic neuron, we herein developed a bioengineered ROS-responsive nanocarrier for stroke-specific delivery of a neuroprotective agent, NR2B9C, against ischemic brain damage. The nanocarrier is composed of a dextran polymer core modified with ROS-responsive boronic ester and a red blood cell (RBC) membrane shell with stroke homing peptide (SHp) inserted. These targeted "core-shell" nanoparticles (designated as SHp-RBC-NP) could thus have controlled release of NR2B9C triggered by high intracellular ROS in ischemic neurons after homing to ischemic brain tissues. The potential of the SHp-RBC-NP for ischemic stroke therapy was systematically evaluated in vitro and in rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In vitro results showed that the SHp-RBC-NP had great protective effects on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in PC-12 cells. In vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) testing further demonstrated that the bioengineered nanoparticles can drastically prolong the systemic circulation of NR2B9C, enhance the active targeting of the ischemic area in the MCAO rats, and reduce ischemic brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
- Jiangsu Jiangyin People's Hospital , Jiangyin 214400 , China
| | - Jianpei Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Sir Run Run Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Qunwei Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Hongliang Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
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29
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Chen M, Zou W, Chen M, Cao L, Ding J, Xiao W, Hu G. Ginkgolide K promotes angiogenesis in a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model via activating JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:221-229. [PMID: 29890157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgolide K (GK) is a new compound extracted from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, which has been recognized to exert anti-oxidative stress and neuroprotective effect on ischemic stroke. While whether it plays an enhanced effect on angiogenesis during ischemic stroke remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ginkgolide K on promoting angiogenesis as well as the protective mechanism after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Using the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model, we found that GK (3.5, 7.0, 14.0 mg/kg, i.p., bid., 2 weeks) attenuated neurological impairments, and promoted angiogenesis of injured ipsilateral cortex and striatum after 14 days of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice. Further, GK (3.5 mg/kg in vivo, 10 μM in vitro) significantly up-regulated the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF in tMCAO mouse brains and in b End3 cells after OGD/R, and GK-induced upregulation of HIF-1α and VEGF in b End3 cells could be abolished by JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor AG490. Our results demonstrate that GK promotes angiogenesis after ischemia stroke through increasing the expression of HIF-1α/VEGF via JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which provide an insight into the novel clinical application of GK and its analogs in ischemic stroke therapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Wenyan Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical CO. LTD., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Jianhua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical CO. LTD., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China.
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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30
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Zhong Y, Li X, Zhang A, Xu Y, Li P, Wu B. Design, synthesis and neuroprotective activities of novel cinnamide derivatives containing benzylpiperazine moiety. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Ginkgolide K attenuates neuronal injury after ischemic stroke by inhibiting mitochondrial fission and GSK-3β-dependent increases in mitochondrial membrane permeability. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44682-44693. [PMID: 28591721 PMCID: PMC5546510 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolide K (GK) belongs to the ginkgolide family of natural compounds found in Ginkgo biloba leaves, which have been used for centuries to treat cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated the protective effects of GK against neuronal apoptosis by assessing its ability to sustain mitochondrial integrity and function. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that Drp1 binding to GSK-3β was increased after an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) insult in cultured neuroblastoma cells. This induced Drp1 and GSK-3β translocation to mitochondria and mitochondrial dysfunction, which was attenuated by GK. GK also reduced mitochondrial fission by increasing Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser637 and inhibiting mitochondrial Drp1 recruitment. In addition, GK exposure induced GSK-3β phosphorylation at Ser9 and enhanced the interaction between adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) and p-GSK-3β. This interaction suppressed the interaction between ANT and cyclophilin D (CypD), which inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. Similarly, suppression of mitochondrial fission by Mdivi-1 also inhibited GSK-3β-induced mPTP opening. Treating mice with GK prevented GSK-3β and Drp1 translocation to mitochondria and attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction after middle cerebral artery occlusion. We therefore propose that by inhibiting mitochondrial fission and attenuating mPTP opening, GK exerts neuroprotective effects that mitigate or prevent neuronal damage secondary to ischemic stroke.
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32
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Diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection protects against paraquat-induced lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:746-754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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33
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Zhong JG, Han JP, Li XF, Xu Y, Zhong Y, Wu B. Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surfaces analysis and anti-ischemic activity of cinnamide derivatives. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Zhao T, Su G, Wang S, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Zheng L, Sun B, Zhao M. Neuroprotective Effects of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Peptides from Anchovy (Coilia mystus) against Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in PC12 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11192-11201. [PMID: 29190426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ameliorations of cholinergic system dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases were main approaches to improve memory disorder. Our previous investigation showed that anchovy protein hydrolysate (APH) could attenuate scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice by regulating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Therefore, peptides with AChE inhibitory activity in APH were explored and identified in this study, and their possible neuroprotective mechanisms on glutamate induced apoptosis in PC12 were also elucidated. Two peptides with strong AChE inhibitory capacity were identified as Pro-Ala-Tyr-Cys-Ser (PAYCS) and Cys-Val-Gly-Ser-Tyr (CVGSY) by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The AChE inhibitory was 23.68 ± 0.97% and 6.08 ± 0.41%, respectively. Treatment with PAYCS and CVGSY could significantly (p < 0.05) increase cells viability, reduce lactate dehydrogenase release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde content, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 of glutamate-induced apoptosis PC12 cells (82.78 ± 6.58 and 109.94 ± 7.16% of control, respectively) as well as increase superoxide dismutase and GSH-px activities. In addition, both the peptides could inhibit Ca2+ influx but have no effects on mitochondrial membrane potential. Results indicated that AChE inhibitory peptides (PAYCS and CVGSY) possibly protected the PC12 cells against glutamate-induced apoptosis via inhibiting ROS production and Ca2+ influx. PAYCS and CVGSY might be considered as nutraceuticals for alleviating memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guowan Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048, China
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35
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Yu W, Chen S, Cao L, Tang J, Xiao W, Xiao B. Ginkgolide K promotes the clearance of A53T mutation alpha-synuclein in SH-SY5Y cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 34:291-303. [PMID: 29214369 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is associated to Parkinson's disease (PD). The aggregated form of α-syn has potential neurotoxicity. Thus, the clearance of α-syn aggregation is a plausible strategy to delay disease progression of PD. In our study, we found that the treatment of Ginkgolide B (GB) and Ginkgolide K (GK) reduced cell death, and enhanced cell proliferation in SH-SY5Y cells, which overexpressed A53T mutant α-syn. Surprisingly, GK, but not GB, promoted the clearance of A53T α-syn, which can be abolished by autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, indicating that GK-induced autophagy intervened in the clearance of A53T α-syn. However, GK did not affect the NEDD4 that belongs to the ubiquitin ligase in the endosomal-lysosomal pathway. Furthermore, GK treatment inhibited the p-NF-kB/p65 and induced the PI3K, BDNF, and PSD-95. Taken together, GK increased the clearance of α-syn, reduced cell death, and triggered complex crosstalk between different signaling pathways. Although our results show a potentially new therapeutic candidate for PD, the details of this mechanism need to be further identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Yu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, China
| | - Baoguo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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36
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Typhonium giganteum Lectin Exerts A Pro-Inflammatory Effect on RAW 264.7 via ROS and The NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9090275. [PMID: 28880234 PMCID: PMC5618208 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9090275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Typhonii rhizoma, a widely used herb in traditional Chinese medicine, has acute irritating toxicity related to Typhonium giganteum lectin (TGL). TGL exhibits acute inflammatory effects, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. This paper is designed to assess the pro-inflammatory response of TGL on RAW 264.7 cells. RAW 264.7 treated with 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 µg/mL TGL showed elevated levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β) and of p-IκB and p-p65, all dose-dependent, indicating that TGL had a substantial inflammatory effect and mobilized the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. All four TGL treatments also induced the up-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytosolic free Ca2+ and down-regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The production of cytokines and p-IκB, p-p65 were reduced by N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an ROS scavenger, which somewhat abrogated ROS production. The results showed the TGL-activated inflammatory signaling pathway NF-κB to be associated with the overproduction of ROS. Moreover, 50 μg/mL treatment with TGL led to cell apoptosis after 1 h and increased necrosis over time. These results provided potential molecular mechanisms for the observed inflammatory response to TGL including up-regulation of ROS and cytosolic free Ca2+, down-regulation of MMP, the mobilization of the NF-κB pathway, and the subsequent overproduction of pro-inflammatory factors resulting in apoptosis. Long-term stimulation with TGL resulted in strong toxic effects related to inflammation that induced necrosis in macrophages.
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37
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Elufioye TO, Berida TI, Habtemariam S. Plants-Derived Neuroprotective Agents: Cutting the Cycle of Cell Death through Multiple Mechanisms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:3574012. [PMID: 28904554 PMCID: PMC5585568 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3574012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotection is the preservation of the structure and function of neurons from insults arising from cellular injuries induced by a variety of agents or neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The various NDs including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases as well as amyotropic lateral sclerosis affect millions of people around the world with the main risk factor being advancing age. Each of these diseases affects specific neurons and/or regions in the brain and involves characteristic pathological and molecular features. Hence, several in vitro and in vivo study models specific to each disease have been employed to study NDs with the aim of understanding their underlying mechanisms and identifying new therapeutic strategies. Of the most prevalent drug development efforts employed in the past few decades, mechanisms implicated in the accumulation of protein-based deposits, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and certain neurotransmitter deficits such as acetylcholine and dopamine have been scrutinized in great detail. In this review, we presented classical examples of plant-derived neuroprotective agents by highlighting their structural class and specific mechanisms of action. Many of these natural products that have shown therapeutic efficacies appear to be working through the above-mentioned key multiple mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomayo Ireti Berida
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories and Herbal Analysis Services, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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38
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Chen A, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang X, Yu L, Xu W, Xu W, Lin Y. Paeoniflorin exerts neuroprotective effects against glutamate‑induced PC12 cellular cytotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:825-833. [PMID: 28731183 PMCID: PMC5547935 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) is an active ingredient of Radix Paeoniae, which is known to exert neuroprotective effects. However, the mechanims behind the neuroprotective effects of PF are not yet fully understood. The apoptosis of neurons plays an important role in the cerebral ischemia-induced cascade response. This study aimed to investigate neuroprotective effects of PF against glutamate‑induced PC12 cellular cytotoxicity and to determine whether these effects are mediated via the inhibition of apoptosis in vitro and the activity of mitochondrial apoptosis-associated proteins in PC12 cells. Exposure of the PC12 cells to glutamate induced cell morphological changes, significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis, with similar results being observed from the Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V/PI staining experiments. Glutamate also increased the lactate dehydrogenase release by the PC12 cells. However, treatment with PF prevented these effects. Furthermore, PF inhibited Bax and Bad expression and increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression; it also decreased the levels of downstream protein (caspase-3 and caspase-9). Collectively, our results indicate that PF protects PC12 cells against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity possibly through the inhibition of the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahong Chen
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Lishuang Yu
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lin
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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N-Adamantyl-4-Methylthiazol-2-Amine Attenuates Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Brain. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:107-120. [PMID: 28285348 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the possible mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and anti-oxidative effects of N-adamantyl-4-methylthiazol-2-amine (KHG26693) against in vivo glutamate-induced toxicity in the rat cerebral cortex. Our results showed that pretreatment with KHG26693 significantly attenuated glutamate-induced elevation of lipid peroxidation, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon gamma, IFN-γ, interleukin-1β, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidase, caspase-3, calpain activity, and Bax. Furthermore, KHG26693 pretreatment attenuated key antioxidant parameters such as levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione reductase. KHG26693 also attenuated the protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit caused by glutamate toxicity. Finally, KHG26693 mitigated glutamate-induced changes in mitochondrial ATP level and cytochrome oxidase c. Thus, KHG26693 functions as neuroprotective and anti-oxidative agent against glutamate-induced toxicity through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in rat brain at least in part.
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Neuroprotective Effect of 3-(Naphthalen-2-Yl(Propoxy)Methyl)Azetidine Hydrochloride on Brain Ischaemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:447-461. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Yu DR, Ji LP, Wang T, Yi XN, Yi GH, He T, Cao YX, Long EW, Liu QB. Neuroprotective activity of two active chemical constituents from Tinospora hainanensis. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:114-120. [PMID: 28237474 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the chemical structure of the new compound and investigate the protective effects of Tinosporaic acid A and B towards in-vitro neuro. METHODS The structures of two new compounds were established by analyzing its 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as HRESIMS. Their neuroprotective effects with respect to the antioxidant properties were evaluated by radical scavenging tests and hydrogen peroxide-injured oxidative stress model in PC12 cell lines. Cell morphology of treated PC12 cells was observed by phase contrast microscopy. In-vitro MTT assay, lactate dehydrogenase activity assay and oxidative stress markers (intracellular ROS production, MDA level, and caspase-3 activity) were used to evaluate the protective effects against hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. RESULTS The two new compounds, named Tinosporaic acid A and B, were isolated and identified from the stem bark of Tinospora hainanensis. Cell viability studies identified a representative concentration for each extract that was subsequently used to measure oxidative stress markers. Both extracts were able to reverse the oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide, thus promoting PC12 cells survival. The concentration of Tinosporaic acid A and B were 86.34 μg/mL and 22.06 μg/mL respectively, which is neuroprotective for EC50. The results indicated that both of them significantly attenuated hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION The two new compounds isolated from ethanol extracts of Tinospora hainanensis are the promising natural ones with neuroprotective activity and needed for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Rui Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Li-Ping Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Haikou 571199, China; Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Xi-Nan Yi
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Guo-Hui Yi
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Tong He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Yong-Xiao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - En-Wu Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Qi-Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Haikou 571199, China.
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Nguyen TK, Im KH, Choi J, Shin PG, Lee TS. Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-cholinesterase, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Culinary Mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius. MYCOBIOLOGY 2016; 44:291-301. [PMID: 28154487 PMCID: PMC5287162 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2016.44.4.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Culinary mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius has been popular in Asian countries. In this study, the anti-oxidant, cholinesterase, and inflammation inhibitory activities of methanol extract (ME) of fruiting bodies of P. pulmonarius were evaluted. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazy free radical scavenging activity of ME at 2.0 mg/mL was comparable to that of butylated hydroxytoluene, the standard reference. The ME exhibited significantly higher hydroxyl radical scavenging activity than butylated hydroxytoluene. ME showed slightly lower but moderate inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase than galantamine, a standard AChE inhibitor. It also exhibited protective effect against cytotoxicity to PC-12 cells induced by glutamate (10~100 µg/mL), inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and carrageenan-induced paw edema in a rat model. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the ME of P. pulmonarius contained at least 10 phenolic compounds and some of them were identified by the comparison with known standard phenolics. Taken together, our results demonstrate that fruiting bodies of P. pulmonarius possess antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, and inflammation inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Kien Nguyen
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Kyung Hoan Im
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Pyung Gyun Shin
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea
| | - Tae Soo Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
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Zhou JM, Gu SS, Mei WH, Zhou J, Wang ZZ, Xiao W. Ginkgolides and bilobalide protect BV2 microglia cells against OGD/reoxygenation injury by inhibiting TLR2/4 signaling pathways. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:1037-1053. [PMID: 27562518 PMCID: PMC5083673 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolide and bilobalide are major trilactone constituent of Ginkgo biloba leaves and have been shown to exert powerful neuroprotective properties. The aims of this study were to observe the inhibitory effects of ginkgolide and bilobalide on the activation of microglial cells induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) and the specific mechanisms by which these effects are mediated. For detecting whether ginkgolide and bilobalide increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, BV2 cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 4 h followed by 3 h reoxygenation with various concentrations of drugs (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml). The extent of apoptosis effect of OGD/R with or without ginkgolide and bilobalide treatment were also measured by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Similarly, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were detected using a specific Bio-Plex Pro™ Reagent Kit. The effects of ginkgolide and bilobalide on protein levels of TLR2/4, MyD88, p-TAK1, p-IKKβ, p-IkBα, NF-κB p65, Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, RIP3, cleaved-Caspase-3, cleaved PARP-1 and cellular localization of NF-κB p65 were evaluated by Western blot and double-labeled immunofluorescence staining, respectively. OGD/R significantly decreased the cell viability and increased the release of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α in BV2 microglia cells; these effects were suppressed by ginkgolide and bilobalide. Meanwhile, ginkgolide and bilobalide also attenuated the OGD/R-induced increases in TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, Bak, RIP3 levels and reversed cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved PARP-1/PARP-1 ratio. Furthermore, ginkgolide and bilobalide also downregulated p-TAK1, p-IkBα, and p-IKKβ and inhibited the OGD/R-induced transfer of NF-κB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus in BV2 microglia cells. The results showed that ginkgolide and bilobalide can inhibit OGD/R-induced production of inflammatory factors in BV2 microglia cells by regulating the TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways and attenuating inflammatory response. The possible mechanism of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of ginkgolides results from the synergistic reaction among each monomer constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Modern TCM Research Institute, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Sha-Sha Gu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Modern TCM Research Institute, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Wang Hong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Modern TCM Research Institute, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Modern TCM Research Institute, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Zhen Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Modern TCM Research Institute, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Modern TCM Research Institute, Lianyungang, 222001, China
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O'Hare Doig RL, Bartlett CA, Smith NM, Hodgetts SI, Dunlop SA, Hool L, Fitzgerald M. Specific combinations of ion channel inhibitors reduce excessive Ca 2+ influx as a consequence of oxidative stress and increase neuronal and glial cell viability in vitro. Neuroscience 2016; 339:450-462. [PMID: 27725216 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Combinations of Ca2+ channel inhibitors have been proposed as an effective means to prevent excess Ca2+ flux and death of neurons and glia following neurotrauma in vivo. However, it is not yet known if beneficial outcomes such as improved viability have been due to direct effects on intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Here, the effects of combinations of Lomerizine (Lom), 2,3-dioxo-7-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-quinoxalinyl]acetic acid monohydrate (YM872), 3,5-dimethyl-1-adamantanamine (memantine (Mem)) and/or adenosine 5'-triphosphate periodate oxidized sodium salt (oxATP) to block voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, NMDA receptors and purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) respectively, on Ca2+ concentration and viability of rat primary mixed cortical (MC) cultures exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) insult, were assessed. The contribution of ryanodine-sensitive intracellular stores to intracellular Ca2+ concentration was also assessed. Live cell calcium imaging revealed that a 30min H2O2 insult induced a slow increase in intracellular Ca2+, in part from intracellular sources, associated with loss of cell viability by 6h. Most combinations of inhibitors that included oxATP significantly decreased Ca2+ influx and increased cell viability when administered simultaneously with H2O2. However, reductions in intracellular Ca2+ concentration were not always linked to improved cell viability. Examination of the density of specific cell subpopulations demonstrated that most combinations of inhibitors that included oxATP preserved NG2+ non-oligodendroglial cells, but preservation of astrocytes and neurons required additional inhibitors. Olig2+ oligodendroglia and ED-1+ activated microglia/macrophages were not preserved by any of the inhibitor combinations. These data indicate that following H2O2 insult, limiting intracellular Ca2+ entry via P2X7R is generally associated with increased cell viability. Protection of NG2+ non-oligodendroglial cells by Ca2+ channel inhibitor combinations may contribute to observed beneficial outcomes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L O'Hare Doig
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carole A Bartlett
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole M Smith
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stuart I Hodgetts
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah A Dunlop
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Livia Hool
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
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Rajabian A, Boroushaki MT, Hayatdavoudi P, Sadeghnia HR. Boswellia serrata Protects Against Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in PC12 and N2a Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:666-679. [PMID: 27494534 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether the extract from Boswellia serrata oleo-gum resin (BSE) can protect against glutamate-induced oxidative damage and cytotoxicity in PC12 and N2a cell lines. Using a simple and reliable reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the amount of 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) in the BSE was found to be 18.5% w/w. The results confirmed that BSE and AKBA, at concentrations as high as 100 μg/mL or 10 μM, respectively, caused no significant cytotoxicity or apoptotic cell death. Co- and pretreatment with BSE (25-100 μg/mL) or AKBA (5 μM) restored the viability of PC12 and N2a cells under glutamate toxicity (8 mM). Treatment with BSE and AKBA also attenuated the toxic effects of glutamate on intracellular reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity, and oxidative DNA damage compared with the untreated glutamate-injured cells. Furthermore, BSE and AKBA decreased the apoptotic cell population in the sub-G1 region and the rate of both early and late-stage apoptosis induced by glutamate in the cells. Our data suggest that the protective effects of Boswellia extract and AKBA against glutamate toxicity in PC12 and N2a cells may be mediated through the amelioration of the oxidative stress and the resultant apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Rajabian
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taher Boroushaki
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran .,2 Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parichehr Hayatdavoudi
- 3 Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran .,2 Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran .,4 Neurocognitive Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
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Wang S, Wang Z, Fan Q, Guo J, Galli G, Du G, Wang X, Xiao W. Ginkgolide K protects the heart against endoplasmic reticulum stress injury by activating the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α/X box-binding protein-1 pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2402-18. [PMID: 27186946 PMCID: PMC4945765 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is increasingly recognized as an important causal factor of many diseases. Targeting ER stress has now emerged as a new therapeutic strategy for treating cardiovascular diseases. Here, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of ginkgolide K (1,10-dihydroxy-3,14-didehydroginkgolide, GK) on cardiac ER stress. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cell death, apoptosis and ER stress-related signalling pathways were measured in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, treated with the ER stress inducers tunicamycin, hydrogen peroxide and thapsigargin. Acute myocardial infarction was established using left coronary artery occlusion in mice, and infarct size was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Echocardiography was used to assess heart function and transmission electron microscopy for evaluating ER expansion. KEY RESULTS Ginkgolide K (GK) significantly decreased ER stress-induced cell death in both in vitro and in vivo models. In ischaemic injured mice, GK treatment reduced infarct size, rescued heart dysfunction and ameliorated ER dilation. Mechanistic studies revealed that the beneficial effects of GK occurred through enhancement of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)/X box-binding protein-1 (XBP1) activity, which in turn led to increased ER-associated degradation-mediated clearance of misfolded proteins and autophagy. In addition, GK was also able to partly repress the pro-apoptotic action of regulated IRE1-dependent decay and JNK pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In conclusion, GK acts through selective activation of the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway to limit ER stress injury. GK is revealed as a promising therapeutic agent to ameliorate ER stress for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubao Wang
- Faculty of Life SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug ScreeningInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical ProcessLianyungangChina
| | - Qiru Fan
- State Key Laboratory of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical ProcessLianyungangChina
- Faculty of Life Science and TechnologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Guo
- Faculty of Life SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Gina Galli
- Faculty of Life SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug ScreeningInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xin Wang
- Faculty of Life SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical ProcessLianyungangChina
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Neuroprotective Effect of Puerarin on Glutamate-Induced Cytotoxicity in Differentiated Y-79 Cells via Inhibition of ROS Generation and Ca(2+) Influx. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071109. [PMID: 27409614 PMCID: PMC4964484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate toxicity is estimated to be the key cause of photoreceptor degeneration in the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases. Oxidative stress and Ca(2+) influx induced by glutamate are responsible for the apoptosis process of photoreceptor degeneration. Puerarin, a primary component of Kudzu root, has been widely used in the clinical treatment of retinal degenerative diseases in China for decades; however, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of puerarin against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in the differentiated Y-79 cells was first investigated through cytotoxicity assay. Then the molecular mechanism of this effect regarding anti-oxidative stress and Ca(2+) hemostasis was further explored with indirect immunofluorescence, flow cytometric analysis and western blot analysis. Our study showed that glutamate induced cell viability loss, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, calcium overload and up-regulated cell apoptosis in differentiated Y-79 cells, which effect was significantly attenuated with the pre-treatment of puerarin in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, our data indicated that the neuroprotective effect of puerarin was potentially mediated through the inhibition of glutamate-induced activation of mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathway and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1(ASK-1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 signaling pathway. The present study supports the notion that puerarin may be a promising neuroprotective agent in the prevention of retinal degenerative diseases.
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In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetes, Anti-Dementia, and Inflammation Inhibitory Effect of Trametes pubescens Fruiting Body Extracts. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050639. [PMID: 27196881 PMCID: PMC6273937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trametes pubescens, white rot fungus, has been used for folk medicine in Asian countries to treat ailments such as cancer and gastrointestinal diseases. This study was initiated to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, anti-diabetes, anti-dementia, and anti-inflammatory activities of T. pubescens fruiting bodies. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities of T. pubescens methanol (ME) and hot water (HWE) extracts (2.0 mg/mL) were comparable to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), the positive control. However, the chelating effects of ME and HWE were significantly higher than that of BHT. The HWE (6 mg/mL) also showed comparable reducing power to BHT. Eleven phenol compounds were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the ME and HWE of the mushroom were lower than Acarbose, the standard reference; however, the inhibitory effects of the mushroom extracts at 2.0 mg/mL were moderate. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory effects of ME and HWE were moderate and comparable with galanthamine, the standard drug to treat early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ME had a neuroprotective effect against glutamate-induced PC-12 cell cytotoxicity at the concentration range of 2-40 μg/mL. The mushroom extracts also showed inflammation inhibitory activities such as production of nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophage-like cell lines (RAW 264.7) and significantly suppressed the carrageenan-induced rat paw-edema. Therefore, fruiting body extracts of T. pubescens demonstrated antioxidant related anti-diabetes, anti-dementia and anti-inflammatory activities.
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The solid phase of ginkgolide K: Structure and physicochemical properties. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Zhong Y, Xu Y, Zhang AX, Li XF, Xu ZY, Li P, Wu B. Synthesis and biological evaluation of aryloxyacetamide derivatives as neuroprotective agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2526-2530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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