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Baj J, Flieger W, Barbachowska A, Kowalska B, Flieger M, Forma A, Teresiński G, Portincasa P, Buszewicz G, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Flieger J. Consequences of Disturbing Manganese Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14959. [PMID: 37834407 PMCID: PMC10573482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element with unique functions in the body; it acts as a cofactor for many enzymes involved in energy metabolism, the endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems, neurotransmitter production, and the regulation of reproductive hormones. However, overexposure to Mn is toxic, particularly to the central nervous system (CNS) due to it causing the progressive destruction of nerve cells. Exposure to manganese is widespread and occurs by inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact. Associations have been observed between Mn accumulation and neurodegenerative diseases such as manganism, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. People with genetic diseases associated with a mutation in the gene associated with impaired Mn excretion, kidney disease, iron deficiency, or a vegetarian diet are at particular risk of excessive exposure to Mn. This review has collected data on the current knowledge of the source of Mn exposure, the experimental data supporting the dispersive accumulation of Mn in the brain, the controversies surrounding the reference values of biomarkers related to Mn status in different matrices, and the competitiveness of Mn with other metals, such as iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), calcium (Ca). The disturbed homeostasis of Mn in the body has been connected with susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases, fertility, and infectious diseases. The current evidence on the involvement of Mn in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus/insulin resistance, osteoporosis, obesity, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, was collected and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Aleksandra Barbachowska
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 21-010 Łęczna, Poland;
| | - Beata Kowalska
- Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Flieger
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica A. Murri, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Ibarra-Gutiérrez MT, Serrano-García N, Orozco-Ibarra M. Rotenone-Induced Model of Parkinson's Disease: Beyond Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibition. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1929-1948. [PMID: 36593435 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is usually diagnosed through motor symptoms that make the patient incapable of carrying out daily activities; however, numerous non-motor symptoms include olfactory disturbances, constipation, depression, excessive daytime sleepiness, and rapid eye movement at sleep; they begin years before motor symptoms. Therefore, several experimental models have been studied to reproduce several PD functional and neurochemical characteristics; however, no model mimics all the PD motor and non-motor symptoms to date, which becomes a limitation for PD study. It has become increasingly relevant to find ways to study the disease from its slowly progressive nature. The experimental models most frequently used to reproduce PD are based on administering toxic chemical compounds, which aim to imitate dopamine deficiency. The most used toxic compounds to model PD have been 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which inhibit the complex I of the electron transport chain but have some limitations. Another toxic compound that has drawn attention recently is rotenone, the classical inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I. Rotenone triggers the progressive death of dopaminergic neurons and α-synuclein inclusions formation in rats; also, rotenone induces microtubule destabilization. This review presents information about the experimental model of PD induced by rotenone, emphasizing its molecular characteristics beyond the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Ibarra-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Av. Insurgentes Sur No. 3877 Col. La Fama, Tlalpan, C.P. 14269, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Norma Serrano-García
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Av. Insurgentes Sur No. 3877 Col. La Fama, Tlalpan, C.P. 14269, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marisol Orozco-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Av. Insurgentes Sur No. 3877 Col. La Fama, Tlalpan, C.P. 14269, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
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Sola P, Krishnamurthy PT, Kumari M, Byran G, Gangadharappa HV, Garikapati KK. Neuroprotective approaches to halt Parkinson's disease progression. Neurochem Int 2022; 158:105380. [PMID: 35718278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most significant threats in Parkinson's disease (PD) is neurodegeneration. Neurodegeneration at both nigral as well as non-nigral regions of the brain is considered responsible for disease progression in PD. The key factors that initiate neurodegeneration are oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial complex-1 inhibition, and abnormal α-synuclein (SNCA) protein aggregations. Nigral neurodegeneration results in motor symptoms (tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, shuffling gait, and postural instability) whereas; non-nigral neurodegeneration is responsible for non-motor symptoms (depression, cognitive dysfunctions, sleep disorders, hallucination, and psychosis). The available therapies for PD aim at increasing dopamine levels. The medications such as Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors, catechol o-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, Dopamine precursor (Levodopa), dopamine agonists, and dopamine reuptake inhibitors drastically improve the motor symptoms and quality of life only in the early stages of the disease. However, dopa resistant motor symptoms (abnormality in posture, speech impediment, gait, and balance problems), dopa resistant non-motor signs (sleep problems, autonomic dysfunction, mood, and cognitive impairment, pain), and drug-related side effects (motor fluctuations, psychosis, and dyskinesias) are considered responsible for the failure of these therapies. Further, none of the treatments, alone or in combination, are capable of halting the disease progression in the long run. Therefore, there is a need to develop safe and efficient neuroprotective agents, which can slow or stop the disease progression for the better management of PD. In this review, an effort has been made to discuss the various mechanisms responsible for progressive neurodegeneration (disease progression) in PD and also multiple strategies available for halting disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyong Sola
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | - Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India.
| | - Mamta Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | - Gowramma Byran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | | | - Kusuma Kumari Garikapati
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
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Xu Y, Peng T, Xiang Y, Liao G, Zou F, Meng X. Neurotoxicity and gene expression alterations in zebrafish larvae in response to manganese exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153778. [PMID: 35150691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, but excessive exposure can damage mental, cognitive, and motor functions. Although many studies have reported the toxicity of Mn, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, wild-type and/or Tg(NBT:DsRed) zebrafish embryos/larvae were exposed to different dosages of Mn to determine the effects on mortality, malformation, and hatching rates. A video tracking system was used to analyze the locomotor activities of zebrafish larvae. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay and acridine orange staining were performed to monitor cell apoptosis, while dopamine transporter and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Meanwhile, transcriptome sequencing of the head tissues of zebrafish larvae was performed to search for molecular targets of Mn neurotoxicity. The results showed that Mn exposure increased the mortality and malformation rates of zebrafish larvae, and significantly reduced swim distance and velocity. In addition, the proportion of apoptotic dopaminergic neurons increased, while TH expression significantly decreased. The results of transcriptome sequencing showed that a large number of differentially expressed genes associated with apoptosis and DNA damage repair were upregulated, consistent with the above results. Meanwhile, Western blot analysis showed that higher exposure level of Mn could induce activation of MAPK pathway. These data demonstrate that Mn exposure can damage dopaminergic neurons and cause apoptosis, which has detrimental effects on the motor abilities of zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gengze Liao
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Yang Y, Liu Y, Zhang AL, Tang SF, Ming Q, Ao CY, Liu Y, Li CZ, Yu C, Zhao H, Chen L, Li J. Curcumin protects against manganese-induced neurotoxicity in rat by regulating oxidative stress-related gene expression via H3K27 acetylation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113469. [PMID: 35367881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-term manganese exposure causes a neurodegenerative disorder referred to as manganese poisoning, but the mechanism remains unclear and no specific treatment is available. Oxidative stress is widely recognised as one of the main causes of manganese-induced neurotoxicity. In recent years, the role of histone acetylation in neurodegenerative diseases has been widely concerned. curcumin is a natural polyphenol compound extracted from the rhizome of turmeric and exhibits both antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether and how curcumin protects against manganese-induced neurotoxicity from the perspective of histone acetylation, based on the reversibility of histone acetylation modification. In this study, rats were treated with or without curcumin and subjected to long-term manganese exposure. Results that treatment of manganese decreased the protein expression of H3K18 acetylation and H3K27 acetylation at the promoters of oxidative stress-related genes and inhibited the expression of these genes. Nevertheless, curcumin increased the H3K27 acetylation level at the manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) gene promoter and promoted the expression of SOD2 gene. Oxidative damage in the rat striatum as well as learning and memory dysfunction were ameliorated after curcumin treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that the regulation of oxidative stress by histone acetylation may be a key mechanism of manganese-induced neurotoxicity. In addition, curcumin ameliorates Mn-induced neurotoxicity may be due to alleviation of oxidative damage mediated by increased activation of H3K27 acetylation at the SOD2 gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - An-Liu Zhang
- Guiyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, China
| | - Shun-Fang Tang
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Qian Ming
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Chun-Yan Ao
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Chang-Zhe Li
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Chun Yu
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
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6
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Chopra D, Sharma S, Sharma N, Nehru B. N-Acetylcysteine Ameliorates Neurotoxic Effects of Manganese Intoxication in Rats: A Biochemical and Behavioral Study. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1953-1969. [PMID: 33950473 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental evidences reveal that excess exposure to manganese is neurotoxic and leads to cellular damage. However, the mechanism underlying manganese neurotoxicity remains poorly understood but oxidative stress has been implicated to be one of the key pathophysiological features related to it. The present study investigates the effects associated with manganese induced toxicity in rats and further to combat these alterations with a well-known antioxidant N-acetylcysteine which is being used in mitigating the damage by its radical scavenging activity. The study was designed to note the sequential changes along with the motor and memory dysfunction associated with biochemical and histo-pathological alterations following exposure and treatment for 2 weeks. The results so obtained showed decrease in the body weights, behavioral deficits with increased stress markers and also neuronal degeneration in histo-pathological examination after manganese intoxication in rats. To overcome the neurotoxic effects of manganese, N-acetylcysteine was used in the current study due to its pleiotropic potential in several pathological ailments. Taken together, N-acetylcysteine helped in ameliorating manganese induced neurotoxic effects by diminishing the behavioral deficits, normalizing acetylcholinesterase activity, and augmentation of redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Chopra
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sheetal Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Bimla Nehru
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Sobańska Z, Roszak J, Kowalczyk K, Stępnik M. Applications and Biological Activity of Nanoparticles of Manganese and Manganese Oxides in In Vitro and In Vivo Models. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1084. [PMID: 33922170 PMCID: PMC8145730 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The expanding applications of nanotechnology seem to be a response to many technological, environmental, and medical challenges. The unique properties of nanoparticles allow for developing new technologies and therapies. Among many investigated compounds is manganese and its oxides, which in the form of nanoparticles, could be a promising alternative for gadolinium-based contrast agents used in diagnostic imaging. Manganese, which is essential for living organisms as an enzyme cofactor, under excessive exposure-for example, due to water contamination or as an occupational hazard for welders-can lead to neurological disorders, including manganism-a condition similar to Parkinson's disease. This review attempts to summarise the available literature data on the potential applications of manganese and manganese oxide nanoparticles and their biological activity. Some of the published studies, both in vitro and in vivo, show negative effects of exposure to manganese, mainly on the nervous system, whereas other data suggest that it is possible to develop functionalised nanoparticles with negligible toxicity and novel promising properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Sobańska
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 St Teresy St., 91-348 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (K.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Joanna Roszak
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 St Teresy St., 91-348 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (K.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Kornelia Kowalczyk
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 St Teresy St., 91-348 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (K.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Maciej Stępnik
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 St Teresy St., 91-348 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (K.K.); (M.S.)
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Trzy Lipy 3 St., 80-172 Gdańsk, Poland
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El-Gamal M, Salama M, Collins-Praino LE, Baetu I, Fathalla AM, Soliman AM, Mohamed W, Moustafa AA. Neurotoxin-Induced Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease: Benefits and Drawbacks. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:897-923. [PMID: 33765237 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by cardinal motor impairments, including akinesia and tremor, as well as by a host of non-motor symptoms, including both autonomic and cognitive dysfunction. PD is associated with a death of nigral dopaminergic neurons, as well as the pathological spread of Lewy bodies, consisting predominantly of the misfolded protein alpha-synuclein. To date, only symptomatic treatments, such as levodopa, are available, and trials aiming to cure the disease, or at least halt its progression, have not been successful. Wong et al. (2019) suggested that the lack of effective therapy against neurodegeneration in PD might be attributed to the fact that the molecular mechanisms standing behind the dopaminergic neuronal vulnerability are still a major scientific challenge. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is critical for developing effective therapy. Thirty-five years ago, Calne and William Langston (1983) raised the question of whether biological or environmental factors precipitate the development of PD. In spite of great advances in technology and medicine, this question still lacks a clear answer. Only 5-15% of PD cases are attributed to a genetic mutation, with the majority of cases classified as idiopathic, which could be linked to exposure to environmental contaminants. Rodent models play a crucial role in understanding the risk factors and pathogenesis of PD. Additionally, well-validated rodent models are critical for driving the preclinical development of clinically translatable treatment options. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms, similarities and differences, as well as advantages and limitations of different neurotoxin-induced rat models of PD. In the second part of this review, we will discuss the potential future of neurotoxin-induced models of PD. Finally, we will briefly demonstrate the crucial role of gene-environment interactions in PD and discuss fusion or dual PD models. We argue that these models have the potential to significantly further our understanding of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Gamal
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. .,Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Ahmed M Fathalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amira M Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wael Mohamed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Basic Medical Science, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology and Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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9
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Air Pollution-Related Brain Metal Dyshomeostasis as a Potential Risk Factor for Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence links air pollution (AP) exposure to effects on the central nervous system structure and function. Particulate matter AP, especially the ultrafine (nanoparticle) components, can carry numerous metal and trace element contaminants that can reach the brain in utero and after birth. Excess brain exposure to either essential or non-essential elements can result in brain dyshomeostasis, which has been implicated in both neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs; autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and neurodegenerative diseases (NDGDs; Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). This review summarizes the current understanding of the extent to which the inhalational or intranasal instillation of metals reproduces in vivo the shared features of NDDs and NDGDs, including enlarged lateral ventricles, alterations in myelination, glutamatergic dysfunction, neuronal cell death, inflammation, microglial activation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered social behaviors, cognitive dysfunction, and impulsivity. Although evidence is limited to date, neuronal cell death, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are reproduced by numerous metals. Understanding the specific contribution of metals/trace elements to this neurotoxicity can guide the development of more realistic animal exposure models of human AP exposure and consequently lead to a more meaningful approach to mechanistic studies, potential intervention strategies, and regulatory requirements.
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10
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Anderson FL, Coffey MM, Berwin BL, Havrda MC. Inflammasomes: An Emerging Mechanism Translating Environmental Toxicant Exposure Into Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Toxicol Sci 2019; 166:3-15. [PMID: 30203060 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that complex gene-environment interactions underlie the incidence and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Neuroinflammation is a well-characterized feature of PD widely believed to exacerbate the neurodegenerative process. Environmental toxicants associated with PD, such as pesticides and heavy metals, can cause cellular damage and stress potentially triggering an inflammatory response. Toxicant exposure can cause stress and damage to cells by impairing mitochondrial function, deregulating lysosomal function, and enhancing the spread of misfolded proteins. These stress-associated mechanisms produce sterile triggers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with a variety of proteinaceous insults that are well documented in PD. These associations provide a compelling rationale for analysis of sterile inflammatory mechanisms that may link environmental exposure to neuroinflammation and PD progression. Intracellular inflammasomes are cytosolic assemblies of proteins that contain pattern recognition receptors, and a growing body of evidence implicates the association between inflammasome activation and neurodegenerative disease. Characterization of how inflammasomes may function in PD is a high priority because the majority of PD cases are sporadic, supporting the widely held belief that environmental exposure is a major factor in disease initiation and progression. Inflammasomes may represent a common mechanism that helps to explain the strong association between exposure and PD by mechanistically linking environmental toxicant-driven cellular stress with neuroinflammation and ultimately cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brent L Berwin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
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11
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Martins AC, Morcillo P, Ijomone OM, Venkataramani V, Harrison FE, Lee E, Bowman AB, Aschner M. New Insights on the Role of Manganese in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3546. [PMID: 31546716 PMCID: PMC6801377 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that is naturally found in the environment and is necessary as a cofactor for many enzymes and is important in several physiological processes that support development, growth, and neuronal function. However, overexposure to Mn may induce neurotoxicity and may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The present review aims to provide new insights into the involvement of Mn in the etiology of AD and PD. Here, we discuss the critical role of Mn in the etiology of these disorders and provide a summary of the proposed mechanisms underlying Mn-induced neurodegeneration. In addition, we review some new therapy options for AD and PD related to Mn overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton Cunha Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA (P.M.)
| | - Patricia Morcillo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA (P.M.)
| | - Omamuyovwi Meashack Ijomone
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure 340252, Nigeria;
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Fiona Edith Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA;
| | - Aaron Blaine Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA (P.M.)
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12
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Exploration of the establishment of manganese poisoning rat model and analysis of discriminant methods. Toxicology 2018; 410:193-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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de Moura TC, Afadlal S, Hazell AS. Potential for stem cell treatment in manganism. Neurochem Int 2018; 112:134-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Guo Z, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Zhang J, Wang L, Zhang Q, Li H, Wu S. Manganese chloride induces histone acetylation changes in neuronal cells: Its role in manganese-induced damage. Neurotoxicology 2017; 65:255-263. [PMID: 29155171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Manganese neurotoxicity presents with Parkinson-like symptoms, with degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia as the principal pathological feature. Manganese neurotoxicity studies may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of Parkinson's disease. Here, we examined the effects of manganese on histone acetylation, a major epigenetic change in chromatin that can regulate gene expression, chromatin remodelling, cell cycle progression, DNA repair and apoptosis. In this study, we found that manganese chloride (MnCl2) may significantly suppress the acetylation of histone H3 and H4 in PC12 cells and SHSY5Y cells in a time-dependent manner. Then we tested the role of manganese chloride on histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). The results showed that MnCl2 increased the activity of HDAC but decreased that of HAT in PC12 cells. Further experiments showed that MnCl2 selectively increased the expression levels of HDAC3 and HDAC4 rather than HDAC1 and HDAC2, but decreased that of HAT in PC12 cells and SHSY5Y cells. Pretreatment with the HAT inhibitor anacardic acid (AA) enhanced manganese-induced decrease in cell viability and apoptosis, but HDAC inhibition by TSA drug had an opposite effect in PC12 cells. Collectively, MnCl2 inhibited the acetylation of core histones in cell culture models of PD, and that inhibition of HDAC activity by TSA protects against manganese-induced cell death, indicating that histone acetylation may represent key epigenetic changes in manganese-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Lijin Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Siying Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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15
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Mythri RB, Raghunath NR, Narwade SC, Pandareesh MDR, Sabitha KR, Aiyaz M, Chand B, Sule M, Ghosh K, Kumar S, Shankarappa B, Soundararajan S, Alladi PA, Purushottam M, Gayathri N, Deobagkar DD, Laxmi TR, Srinivas Bharath MM. Manganese- and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity display differences in morphological, electrophysiological and genome-wide alterations: implications for idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2017; 143:334-358. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswara Babu Mythri
- Department of Neurochemistry; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory-Neurobiology Research Center; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Narayana Reddy Raghunath
- Department of Neurochemistry; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory-Neurobiology Research Center; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | | | - Mirazkar Dasharatha Rao Pandareesh
- Department of Neurochemistry; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory-Neurobiology Research Center; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Kollarkandi Rajesh Sabitha
- Department of Neurophysiology; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Mohamad Aiyaz
- Genotypic Technology Pvt. Ltd; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Bipin Chand
- Genotypic Technology Pvt. Ltd; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Manas Sule
- InterpretOmics; Shezan Lavelle; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Krittika Ghosh
- InterpretOmics; Shezan Lavelle; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Senthil Kumar
- InterpretOmics; Shezan Lavelle; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Shankarappa
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory - Neurobiology Research Center; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Soundarya Soundararajan
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory - Neurobiology Research Center; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Phalguni Anand Alladi
- Department of Neurophysiology; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Meera Purushottam
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory - Neurobiology Research Center; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Narayanappa Gayathri
- Department of Neuropathology; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | | | - Thenkanidiyoor Rao Laxmi
- Department of Neurophysiology; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Muchukunte Mukunda Srinivas Bharath
- Department of Neurochemistry; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory-Neurobiology Research Center; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore Karnataka India
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16
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Altenhofen S, Wiprich MT, Nery LR, Leite CE, Vianna MRMR, Bonan CD. Manganese(II) chloride alters behavioral and neurochemical parameters in larvae and adult zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 182:172-183. [PMID: 27912164 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for organisms, but high levels can cause serious neurological damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MnCl2 exposure on cognition and exploratory behavior in adult and larval zebrafish and correlate these findings with brain accumulation of Mn, overall brain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels, dopamine (DA) levels, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels and cell death markers in the nervous system. Adults exposed to MnCl2 for 4days (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mM) and larvae exposed for 5days (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5mM) displayed decreased exploratory behaviors, such as distance traveled and absolute body turn angle, in addition to reduced movement time and an increased number of immobile episodes in larvae. Adults exposed to MnCl2 for 4days showed impaired aversive long-term memory in the inhibitory avoidance task. The overall brain TH levels were elevated in adults and larvae evaluated at 5 and 7 days post-fertilization (dpf). Interestingly, the protein level of this enzyme was decreased in larval animals at 10dpf. Furthermore, DOPAC levels were increased in adult animals exposed to MnCl2. Protein analysis showed increased apoptotic markers in both the larvae and adult nervous system. The results demonstrated that prolonged exposure to MnCl2 leads to locomotor deficits that may be associated with damage caused by this metal in the CNS, particularly in the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Altenhofen
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Talita Wiprich
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Roesler Nery
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Ryff Moreira Roca Vianna
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia e Desenvolvimento do Sistema Nervoso, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- PUCRS, Faculdade de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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17
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Coherent and Contradictory Facts, Feats and Fictions Associated with Metal Accumulation in Parkinson's Disease: Epicenter or Outcome, Yet a Demigod Question. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4738-4755. [PMID: 27480264 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Unwarranted exposure due to liberal use of metals for maintaining the lavish life and to achieve the food demand for escalating population along with an incredible boost in the average human life span owing to orchestrated progress in rejuvenation therapy have gradually increased the occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD). Etiology is albeit elusive; association of PD with metal accumulation has never been overlooked due to noteworthy similitude between metal-exposure symptoms and a few cardinal features of disease. Even though metals are entailed in the vital functions, a hysterical shift, primarily augmentation, escorts the stern nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. An increase in the passage of metals through the blood brain barrier and impaired metabolic activity and elimination system could lead to metal accumulation in the brain, which eventually makes dopaminergic neurons quite susceptible. In the present article, an update on implication of metal accumulation in PD/Parkinsonism has been provided. Moreover, encouraging and paradoxical facts and fictions associated with metal accumulation in PD/Parkinsonism have also been compiled. Systematic literature survey of PD is performed to describe updated information if metal accumulation is an epicenter or merely an outcome. Finally, a perspective on the association of metal accumulation with pesticide-induced Parkinsonism has been explained to unveil the likely impact of the former in the latter.
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18
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Guilarte TR, Gonzales KK. Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism Is Not Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease: Environmental and Genetic Evidence. Toxicol Sci 2016. [PMID: 26220508 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement abnormalities caused by chronic manganese (Mn) intoxication clinically resemble but are not identical to those in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. In fact, the most successful parkinsonian drug treatment, the dopamine precursor levodopa, is ineffective in alleviating Mn-induced motor symptoms, implying that parkinsonism in Mn-exposed individuals may not be linked to midbrain dopaminergic neuron cell loss. Over the last decade, supporting evidence from human and nonhuman primates has emerged that Mn-induced parkinsonism partially results from damage to basal ganglia nuclei of the striatal "direct pathway" (ie, the caudate/putamen, internal globus pallidus, and substantia nigra pars reticulata) and a marked inhibition of striatal dopamine release in the absence of nigrostriatal dopamine terminal degeneration. Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed similar findings in a particular group of young drug users intravenously injecting the Mn-containing psychostimulant ephedron and in individuals with inherited mutations of the Mn transporter gene SLC30A10. This review will provide a detailed discussion about the aforementioned studies, followed by a comparison with their rodent analogs and idiopathic parkinsonism. Together, these findings in combination with a limited knowledge about the underlying neuropathology of Mn-induced parkinsonism strongly support the need for a more complete understanding of the neurotoxic effects of Mn on basal ganglia function to uncover the appropriate cellular and molecular therapeutic targets for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás R Guilarte
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Kalynda K Gonzales
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
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19
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Potential Role of Epigenetic Mechanism in Manganese Induced Neurotoxicity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2548792. [PMID: 27314012 PMCID: PMC4899583 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2548792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Manganese is a vital nutrient and is maintained at an optimal level (2.5–5 mg/day) in human body. Chronic exposure to manganese is associated with neurotoxicity and correlated with the development of various neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Oxidative stress mediated apoptotic cell death has been well established mechanism in manganese induced toxicity. Oxidative stress has a potential to alter the epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation. Epigenetic insight of manganese neurotoxicity in context of its correlation with the development of parkinsonism is poorly understood. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the α-synuclein aggregation in the form of Lewy bodies in neuronal cells. Recent findings illustrate that manganese can cause overexpression of α-synuclein. α-Synuclein acts epigenetically via interaction with histone proteins in regulating apoptosis. α-Synuclein also causes global DNA hypomethylation through sequestration of DNA methyltransferase in cytoplasm. An individual genetic difference may also have an influence on epigenetic susceptibility to manganese neurotoxicity and the development of Parkinson's disease. This review presents the current state of findings in relation to role of epigenetic mechanism in manganese induced neurotoxicity, with a special emphasis on the development of Parkinson's disease.
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21
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Wang T, Li X, Yang D, Zhang H, Zhao P, Fu J, Yao B, Zhou Z. ER stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis are involved in manganese-induced neurotoxicity in the rat striatum in vivo. Neurotoxicology 2015; 48:109-19. [PMID: 25732873 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element found in many enzymes, however, excessive Mn-exposure can result in manganism which is similar to Parkinson's movement disorder. The mechanisms of manganism are not well-known. The present in vivo study was carried out to determine whether endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and ER stress-mediated apoptosis are involved in manganese-induced neurotoxicity. Sixty-four SD rats were randomly divided into four groups and were administered intraperitoneally with normal saline (NS, as control) or MnCl₂ (7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg body weight, respectively) for 4 weeks. We found that MnCl₂ dose-dependently accumulate in striatal. HE staining and TUNEL assay results indicated that MnCl₂ induced striatal neurocytes apoptosis in both male and female rats. The alterations of ultrastructures showed that MnCl₂ resulted in chromatin condensation, mitochondria and ER tumefaction in rat striatal neurocytes. Furthermore, MnCl₂ increased the expressions of p-IRE-1, ATF-6α, PERK, GRP78, Sigma-1R, CHOP, Bim, Bax, caspase-12 and caspase-3, and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 in rat striatal neurocytes. In conclusion, MnCl₂ could induce ER stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis in rat striatal neurocytes, which might be one of the important mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; The seventh people hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou Henan 450000, China
| | - Xuehui Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Juanling Fu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Biyun Yao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Zongcan Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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22
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Robison G, Sullivan B, Cannon JR, Pushkar Y. Identification of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta as a target of manganese accumulation. Metallomics 2015; 7:748-55. [PMID: 25695229 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00023h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese serves as a cofactor to a variety of proteins necessary for proper bodily development and function. However, an overabundance of Mn in the brain can result in manganism, a neurological condition resembling Parkinson's disease (PD). Bulk sample measurement techniques have identified the globus pallidus and thalamus as targets of Mn accumulation in the brain, however smaller structures/cells cannot be measured. Here, X-ray fluorescence microscopy determined the metal content and distribution in the substantia nigra (SN) of the rodent brain. In vivo retrograde labeling of dopaminergic cells (via FluoroGold™) of the SN pars compacta (SNc) subsequently allowed for XRF imaging of dopaminergic cells in situ at subcellular resolution. Chronic Mn exposure resulted in a significant Mn increase in both the SN pars reticulata (>163%) and the SNc (>170%) as compared to control; no other metal concentrations were significantly changed. Subcellular imaging of dopaminergic cells demonstrated that Mn is located adjacent to the nucleus. Measured intracellular manganese concentrations range between 40-200 μM; concentrations as low as 100 μM have been observed to cause cell death in cell cultures. Direct observation of Mn accumulation in the SNc could establish a biological basis for movement disorders associated with manganism, specifically Mn caused insult to the SNc. Accumulation of Mn in dopaminergic cells of the SNc may help clarify the relationship between Mn and the loss of motor skills associated with manganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Robison
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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23
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Dusek P, Roos PM, Litwin T, Schneider SA, Flaten TP, Aaseth J. The neurotoxicity of iron, copper and manganese in Parkinson's and Wilson's diseases. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 31:193-203. [PMID: 24954801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Impaired cellular homeostasis of metals, particularly of Cu, Fe and Mn may trigger neurodegeneration through various mechanisms, notably induction of oxidative stress, promotion of α-synuclein aggregation and fibril formation, activation of microglial cells leading to inflammation and impaired production of metalloproteins. In this article we review available studies concerning Fe, Cu and Mn in Parkinson's disease and Wilson's disease. In Parkinson's disease local dysregulation of iron metabolism in the substantia nigra (SN) seems to be related to neurodegeneration with an increase in SN iron concentration, accompanied by decreased SN Cu and ceruloplasmin concentrations and increased free Cu concentrations and decreased ferroxidase activity in the cerebrospinal fluid. Available data in Wilson's disease suggest that substantial increases in CNS Cu concentrations persist for a long time during chelating treatment and that local accumulation of Fe in certain brain nuclei may occur during the course of the disease. Consequences for chelating treatment strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dusek
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Per M Roos
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomasz Litwin
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Trond Peder Flaten
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Department of Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Kongsvinger Hospital Division, Kongsvinger, Norway
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Bakthavatsalam S, Das Sharma S, Sonawane M, Thirumalai V, Datta A. A zebrafish model of manganism reveals reversible and treatable symptoms that are independent of neurotoxicity. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:1239-51. [PMID: 25261567 PMCID: PMC4213728 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.016683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (manganese ion; referred to as Mn) is essential for neuronal function, yet it is toxic at high concentrations. Environmental and occupational exposure to high concentrations of Mn causes manganism, a well-defined movement disorder in humans, with symptoms resembling Parkinson's disease (PD). However, manganism is distinct from PD and the neural basis of its pathology is poorly understood. To address this issue, we generated a zebrafish model of manganism by incubating larvae in rearing medium containing Mn. We find that Mn-treated zebrafish larvae exhibit specific postural and locomotor defects. Larvae begin to float on their sides, show a curved spine and swim in circles. We discovered that treatment with Mn causes postural defects by interfering with mechanotransduction at the neuromasts. Furthermore, we find that the circling locomotion could be caused by long-duration bursting in the motor neurons, which can lead to long-duration tail bends in the Mn-treated larvae. Mn-treated larvae also exhibited fewer startle movements. Additionally, we show that the intensity of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity is reversibly reduced after Mn-treatment. This led us to propose that reduced dopamine neuromodulation drives the changes in startle movements. To test this, when we supplied an external source of dopamine to Mn-treated larvae, the larvae exhibited a normal number of startle swims. Taken together, these results indicate that Mn interferes with neuronal function at the sensory, motor and modulatory levels, and open avenues for therapeutically targeted studies on the zebrafish model of manganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Bakthavatsalam
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai-400005, India
| | - Shreya Das Sharma
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore-560065, India
| | - Mahendra Sonawane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai-400005, India
| | - Vatsala Thirumalai
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore-560065, India.
| | - Ankona Datta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai-400005, India.
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25
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Deng Y, Jiao C, Mi C, Xu B, Li Y, Wang F, Liu W, Xu Z. Melatonin inhibits manganese-induced motor dysfunction and neuronal loss in mice: involvement of oxidative stress and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:68-88. [PMID: 24969583 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Excessive manganese (Mn) induces oxidative stress and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. However, the relationship between them during Mn neurotoxicity has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the probable role of melatonin (MLT) against Mn-induced motor dysfunction and neuronal loss as a result of antagonizing oxidative stress and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Mice were randomly divided into five groups as follows: control, MnCl2, low MLT + MnCl2, median MLT + MnCl2, and high MLT + MnCl2. Administration of MnCl2 (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks significantly induced hypokinesis, dopaminergic neurons degeneration and loss, neuronal ultrastructural damage, and apoptosis in the substantia nigra and the striatum. These conditions were caused in part by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde accumulation, and dysfunction of the nonenzymatic (GSH) and enzymatic (GSH-Px, superoxide dismutase, quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase) antioxidative defense systems. Mn-induced neuron degeneration, astrocytes, and microglia activation contribute to the changes of oxidative stress markers. Dopamine (DA) depletion and downregulation of DA transporter and receptors were also found after Mn administration, this might also trigger motor dysfunction and neurons loss. Pretreatment with MLT prevented Mn-induced oxidative stress and dopaminergic neurodegeneration and inhibited the interaction between them. As a result, pretreatment with MLT significantly alleviated Mn-induced motor dysfunction and neuronal loss. In conclusion, Mn treatment resulted in motor dysfunction and neuronal loss, possibly involving an interaction between oxidative stress and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra and the striatum. Pretreatment with MLT attenuated Mn-induced neurotoxicity by means of its antioxidant properties and promotion of the DA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, North 2nd Road 92, Heping ward, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China,
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26
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Human symptoms-disease network. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4212. [PMID: 24967666 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the post-genomic era, the elucidation of the relationship between the molecular origins of diseases and their resulting phenotypes is a crucial task for medical research. Here, we use a large-scale biomedical literature database to construct a symptom-based human disease network and investigate the connection between clinical manifestations of diseases and their underlying molecular interactions. We find that the symptom-based similarity of two diseases correlates strongly with the number of shared genetic associations and the extent to which their associated proteins interact. Moreover, the diversity of the clinical manifestations of a disease can be related to the connectivity patterns of the underlying protein interaction network. The comprehensive, high-quality map of disease-symptom relations can further be used as a resource helping to address important questions in the field of systems medicine, for example, the identification of unexpected associations between diseases, disease etiology research or drug design.
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27
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Manganese-induced atypical parkinsonism is associated with altered Basal Ganglia activity and changes in tissue levels of monoamines in the rat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98952. [PMID: 24896650 PMCID: PMC4045849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese neurotoxicity is associated with motor and cognitive disturbances known as Manganism. However, the mechanisms underlying these deficits remain unknown. Here we investigated the effects of manganese intoxication on motor and non-motor parkinsonian-like deficits such as locomotor activity, motor coordination, anxiety and “depressive-like” behaviors. Then, we studied the impact of this intoxication on the neuronal activity, the globus pallidus (GP) and subthalamic nucleus (STN). At the end of experiments, post-mortem tissue level of the three monoamines (dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin) has been determined. The experiments were carried out in adult Sprague-Dawley rats, daily treated with MnCl2 (10 mg/kg/, i.p.) for 5 weeks. We show that manganese progressively reduced locomotor activity as well as motor coordination in parallel with the manifestation of anxiety and “depressive-like” behaviors. Electrophysiological results show that, while majority of GP and STN neurons discharged regularly in controls, manganese increased the number of GP and STN neurons discharging irregularly and/or with bursts. Biochemical results show that manganese significantly decreased tissue levels of norepinephrine and serotonin with increased metabolism of dopamine in the striatum. Our data provide evidence that manganese intoxication is associated with impaired neurotransmission of monoaminergic systems, which is at the origin of changes in basal ganglia neuronal activity and the manifestation of motor and non-motor deficits similar to those observed in atypical Parkinsonism.
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Schmitz AE, de Oliveira PA, de Souza LF, da Silva DGH, Danielski S, Santos DB, de Almeida EA, Prediger RD, Fisher A, Farina M, Dafre AL. Interaction of curcumin with manganese may compromise metal and neurotransmitter homeostasis in the hippocampus of young mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 158:399-409. [PMID: 24723215 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) exposure is related to industrial activities, where absorption by inhalation has high relevance. Manganism, a syndrome caused as a result of excessive accumulation of Mn in the central nervous system, has numerous symptoms similar to those seen in idiopathic Parkinson disease (IPD). Some of these symptoms, such as learning, memory, sensorial, and neurochemical changes, appear before the onset of motor deficits in both manganism and IPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effects of curcumin against behavioral deficits induced by Mn toxicity in young (2 months old) Swiss mice. We evaluated the effect of chronic inhalation of a Mn mixture [Mn(OAc)3 and MnCl2 (20:40 mM)], 1 h/session, three times a week, over a 14-week period on behavioral and neurochemical parameters. Curcumin was supplemented in the diet (500 or 1,500 ppm in food pellets). The Mn disrupted the motor performance evaluated in the single-pellet reach task, as well as the short- and long-term spatial memory evaluated in the step-down inhibitory avoidance task. Surprisingly, curcumin also produced similar deleterious effects in such behavioral tests. Moreover, the association of Mn plus curcumin significantly increased the levels of Mn and iron, and decreased the levels of dopamine and serotonin in the hippocampus. These alterations were not observed in the striatum. In conclusion, the current Mn treatment protocol resulted in mild deficits in motor and memory functions, resembling the early phases of IPD. Additionally, curcumin showed no beneficial effects against Mn-induced disruption of hippocampal metal and neurotransmitter homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Ern Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Biological Sciences Centre, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Settivari R, VanDuyn N, LeVora J, Nass R. The Nrf2/SKN-1-dependent glutathione S-transferase π homologue GST-1 inhibits dopamine neuron degeneration in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of manganism. Neurotoxicology 2013; 38:51-60. [PMID: 23721876 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high levels of manganese (Mn) results in a neurological condition termed manganism, which is characterized by oxidative stress, abnormal dopamine (DA) signaling, and cell death. Epidemiological evidence suggests correlations with occupational exposure to Mn and the development of the movement disorder Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the molecular determinants common between the diseases are ill-defined. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) of the class pi (GSTπ) are phase II detoxification enzymes that conjugate both endogenous and exogenous compounds to glutathione to reduce cellular oxidative stress, and their decreased expression has recently been implicated in PD progression. In this study we demonstrate that a Caenorhabditis elegans GSTπ homologue, GST-1, inhibits Mn-induced DA neuron degeneration. We show that GST-1 is expressed in DA neurons, Mn induces GST-1 gene and protein expression, and GST-1-mediated neuroprotection is dependent on the PD-associated transcription factor Nrf2/SKN-1, as a reduction in SKN-1 gene expression results in a decrease in GST-1 protein expression and an increase in DA neuronal death. Furthermore, decreases in gene expression of the SKN-1 inhibitor WDR-23 or the GSTπ-binding cell death activator JNK/JNK-1 result in an increase in resistance to the metal. Finally, we show that the Mn-induced DA neuron degeneration is independent of the dopamine transporter DAT, but is largely dependent on the caspases CED-3 and the novel caspase CSP-1. This study identifies a C. elegans Nrf2/SKN-1-dependent GSTπ homologue, cell death effectors of GSTπ-associated xenobiotic-induced pathology, and provides the first in vivo evidence that a phase II detoxification enzyme may modulate DA neuron vulnerability in manganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Settivari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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