1
|
Kubens L, Truong KN, Lehmann CW, Lützenkirchen-Hecht D, Bornhorst J, Mohr F. The Structure of Maneb, An Important Manganese-Containing Bis(dithiocarbamate) Fungicide. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301721. [PMID: 37449665 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Maneb is a manganese(II)-containing fungicide with a multi-site effect and no resistance, therefore it is widely applied in many parts of the world. There is, however, mounting evidence for neurotoxic effects with Parkinson-like symptoms (manganism) related to usage of Maneb. Due to its insolubility in most solvents and its paramagnetism, structural elucidation is not trivial, and thus its exact molecular structure remains unknown. We report herein a synthesis procedure to prepare Maneb reproducibly in pure form and the use of various analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electron diffraction to determine the molecular structure of Maneb in the solid state and also in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kubens
- Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
- Lebensmittelchemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Khai-Nghi Truong
- Rigaku Europe, Hugenottenallee 167, 63263, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Christian W Lehmann
- Chemische Kristallographie und Elektronenmikroskopie, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mühlheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Julia Bornhorst
- Lebensmittelchemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Fabian Mohr
- Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paganotto Leandro L, Vitória Takemura Mariano M, Kich Gomes K, Beatriz Dos Santos A, Sousa Dos Anjos J, Rodrigues de Carvalho N, Eugênio Medina Nunes M, Farina M, Posser T, Luis Franco J. Permissible concentration of mancozeb in Brazilian drinking water elicits oxidative stress and bioenergetic impairments in embryonic zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122013. [PMID: 37369298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Mancozeb (MZ) is widely used as a fungicide in Brazil due to its effectiveness in combating fungal infections in plantations. However, its toxicity to non-target organisms, including aquatic organisms, has been reported in the literature. Recently, Brazilian legislation was updated to allow a concentration of 8 μg/L of MZ in drinking water (Ordinance GM/MS nº 888, of May 4, 2021). However, the safety of this concentration for aquatic organisms has not yet been put to the test. To address this gap, we conducted a study using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos at 4 hpf exposed to MZ at the concentration allowed by law, as well as slightly higher sublethal concentrations (24, 72, and 180 μg/L), alongside a control group. We evaluated various morphophysiological markers of toxicity, including survival, spontaneous movements, heart rate, hatching rate, body axis distortion, total body length, total yolk sac area, and total eye area. Additionally, we measured biochemical biomarkers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, lipid peroxidation, non-protein thiols (NPSH), and mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters. Our results showed that the concentration of 8 μg/L, currently permitted in drinking water according to Brazilian legislation, increased ROS production levels and caused alterations in mitochondrial physiology. Among the markers assessed, mitochondrial bioenergetic function appeared to be the most sensitive indicator of MZ embryotoxicity, as a decrease in complex I activity was observed at concentrations of 8 and 180 μg/L. Furthermore, concentrations higher than 8 μg/L impaired morphophysiological markers. Based on these findings, we can infer that the concentration of MZ allowed in drinking water by Brazilian environmental legislation is not safe for aquatic organisms. Our study provides evidence that this fungicide is a potent embryotoxic agent, highlighting the potential risks associated with its exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Paganotto Leandro
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97307-020, Brazil; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry. Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Vitória Takemura Mariano
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97307-020, Brazil
| | - Karen Kich Gomes
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97307-020, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Dos Santos
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97307-020, Brazil
| | - Jaciana Sousa Dos Anjos
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97307-020, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Eugênio Medina Nunes
- Department of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism. Graduate Program in Molecular Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 1500 Sena Madureira St, São Paulo, SP, 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Thais Posser
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97307-020, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Luis Franco
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, 97307-020, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martins AC, Virgolini MB, Ávila DS, Scharf P, Li J, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV, Bowman AB, Rocha JBT, Aschner M. Mitochondria in the Spotlight: C. elegans as a Model Organism to Evaluate Xenobiotic-Induced Dysfunction. Cells 2023; 12:2124. [PMID: 37681856 PMCID: PMC10486742 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular respiration, ATP production, and the regulation of various cellular processes. Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been directly linked to pathophysiological conditions, making them a significant target of interest in toxicological research. In recent years, there has been a growing need to understand the intricate effects of xenobiotics on human health, necessitating the use of effective scientific research tools. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a nonpathogenic nematode, has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating toxic mechanisms and mitochondrial dysfunction. With remarkable genetic homology to mammals, C. elegans has been used in studies to elucidate the impact of contaminants and drugs on mitochondrial function. This review focuses on the effects of several toxic metals and metalloids, drugs of abuse and pesticides on mitochondria, highlighting the utility of C. elegans as a model organism to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction induced by xenobiotics. Mitochondrial structure, function, and dynamics are discussed, emphasizing their essential role in cellular viability and the regulation of processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and calcium homeostasis. Additionally, specific toxins and toxicants, such as arsenic, cadmium, and manganese are examined in the context of their impact on mitochondrial function and the utility of C. elegans in elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utilization of C. elegans as an experimental model providing a promising platform for investigating the intricate relationships between xenobiotics and mitochondrial dysfunction. This knowledge could contribute to the development of strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of contaminants and drugs of abuse, ultimately enhancing our understanding of these complex processes and promoting human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Miriam B. Virgolini
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Técnicas (IFEC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis Elegans, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR-472 Km 592, Uruguaiana 97500-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo Scharf
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Jung Li
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - João B. T. Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kukhtar D, Fussenegger M. Synthetic biology in multicellular organisms: Opportunities in nematodes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023. [PMID: 37448225 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology has mainly focused on introducing new or altered functionality in single cell systems: primarily bacteria, yeast, or mammalian cells. Here, we describe the extension of synthetic biology to nematodes, in particular the well-studied model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, as a convenient platform for developing applications in a multicellular setting. We review transgenesis techniques for nematodes, as well as the application of synthetic biology principles to construct nematode gene switches and genetic devices to control motility. Finally, we discuss potential applications of engineered nematodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Kukhtar
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dehghani A, Pourjafari F, Koohkan F, Haghpanh T, Pourjafari F, Sheibani V, Afarinesh MR. L-carnitine attenuates acoustic startle reflex dysfunction in adult male rats exposed to mancozeb. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:115-126. [PMID: 36650049 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231151739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The fungicide mancozeb increases oxygen-free radicals in the central nervous system. As an antioxidant, L-carnitine protects DNA and cell membranes from damage caused by oxygen-free radicals. The present study investigated how L-carnitine affected the acoustic startle response (ASR) in rats exposed to mancozeb. In this experimental study, male Wistar rats were gavaged orally with mancozeb (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg), L-carnitine (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), or L-carnitine (200 mg/kg) + mancozeb (500 mg/kg) three times in 1 week. In the sham group, saline (0.9%, 10 mL/kg) was gavaged at a volume equivalent to that of the drugs. The control group did not receive any treatment. The results showed that locomotor activity and the percentage of prepulse inhibition in the mancozeb groups decreased compared to the sham group while these parameters increased in the L-carnitine group (200 mg/kg) compared to sham rats. In conclusion, mancozeb may increase the risk factor for cognitive diseases such as schizophrenia in people exposed to it while pretreatment with L-carnitine can attenuate the toxic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dehghani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 48503Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farimah Pourjafari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, 196469University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
| | - Faeze Koohkan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Haghpanh
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Pourjafari
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afarinesh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aprioku JS, Amamina AM, Nnabuenyi PA. Mancozeb-induced hepatotoxicity: protective role of curcumin in rat animal model. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:107-116. [PMID: 36866214 PMCID: PMC9972844 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mancozeb-a widely used fungicide in the agricultural sector-is believed to cause toxicity by increasing oxidative stress. This work investigated the efficacy of curcumin in protecting mancozeb-induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and Methods Mature Wistar rats were assigned into 4 equal groups: control, mancozeb (30 mg/kg/day, ip), curcumin (100 mg/kg/day, po), and mancozeb+curcumin. The experiment lasted for 10 days. Results Our results reported that mancozeb elevated aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase enzyme activities, and total bilirubin level in plasma; and decreased total protein and albumin levels, compared with the control group (P < 0.05-0.001). Hepatic tissue levels of malondialdehyde, and advanced oxidation protein products were significantly increased; whereas activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, as well as levels of reduced glutathione, vitamin C, and total protein were reduced (P < 0.05-0.001). Histopathological examination showed marked histological changes. Co-treatment with curcumin improved the antioxidant activity; reversed oxidative stress and biochemical changes; and restored most of the liver histo-morphological alterations; thus, attenuating the hepatic toxicities induced by mancozeb. Conclusion These results indicated that curcumin could protect against detrimental hepatic effects induced by mancozeb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Sydney Aprioku
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, Choba, Rivers State, PMB 5323, Nigeria
| | - Ayanabia Monica Amamina
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, Choba, Rivers State, PMB 5323, Nigeria
| | - Perpetua Amarachi Nnabuenyi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, Choba, Rivers State, PMB 5323, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thosapornvichai T, Huangteerakul C, Jensen AN, Jensen LT. Mitochondrial dysfunction from malathion and chlorpyrifos exposure is associated with degeneration of GABAergic neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:104000. [PMID: 36252730 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity resulting from off-target effects, beyond acetylcholine esterase inhibition, for the commonly used organophosphate (OP) insecticides chlorpyrifos (CPS) and malathion (MA) was investigated using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans model systems. Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction were observed in yeast following exposure to CPS and MA, suggesting this organelle is a major target. In the C. elegans model, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response pathway showed the most robust induction from CPS and MA treatment among stress responses examined. GABAergic neurodegeneration was observed with CPS and MA exposure. Impaired movement observed in C. elegans exposed to CPS and MA may be the result of motor neuron damage. Our analysis suggests that stress from CPS and MA results in mitochondrial dysfunction, with GABAergic neurons sensitized to these effects. These findings may aid in the understanding of toxicity from CPS and MA from high concentration exposure leading to insecticide poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laran T Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Moya A, Tejedor D, Manetti M, Clavijo A, Pagano E, Munarriz E, Kronberg MF. Reproductive toxicity by exposure to low concentrations of pesticides in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicology 2022; 475:153229. [PMID: 35697162 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In view of the recurrent applications of pesticides in agricultural producing countries, the increased presence of these substances in the environment raise a demand for the evaluation of adverse effects on non-target organisms. This study assesses the impact of exposure to five pesticides suspected of being endocrine disruptors (atrazine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, mancozeb, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin) on the reproductive development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. To this end, nematodes in the L4 larval stage were exposed to different concentrations of pesticides for 24 h and the consequences on brood size, percentage of gravid nematodes, expression of reproductive-related genes and vitellogenin trafficking and endocytosis were measured. Moreover, 17β-estradiol was used as an estrogenic control for endocrine disrupting compounds throughout the work. The results showed that all the pesticides disturbed to some extent one or more of the evaluated endpoints. Remarkably, we found that atrazine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and chlorpyrifos produced comparable responses to 17β-estradiol suggesting that these pesticides may have estrogen-like endocrine disrupting activity. Atrazine and 17β-estradiol, as well as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and chlorpyrifos to a lesser extent, decreased the brood size, affected vitellogenin trafficking and endocytosis, and changed the expression of several reproductive-related genes. Conversely, mancozeb and cypermethrin had the least impact on the evaluated endpoint. Cypermethrin affected the brood size at the highest concentration tested and mancozeb altered the distribution of vitellogenin only in approximately 10% of the population. However, both products overexpressed hus-1 and vit-2 genes, indicating that an induction of stress could interfere with the normal development of the nematode. In conclusion, our work proved that C. elegans is a useful biological model to identify the effects of estrogen-like endocrine disruptor compounds, and the sublethal endpoints proposed may serve as an important contribution on evaluating environmental pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldana Moya
- Cátedra de Protección vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Tejedor
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Manetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Araceli Clavijo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avda. Bolivia 5150, A4408FVY Ciudad de Salta, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Pagano
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Munarriz
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Florencia Kronberg
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sule RO, Condon L, Gomes AV. A Common Feature of Pesticides: Oxidative Stress-The Role of Oxidative Stress in Pesticide-Induced Toxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5563759. [PMID: 35096268 PMCID: PMC8791758 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5563759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are important chemicals or biological agents that deter or kill pests. The use of pesticides has continued to increase as it is still considered the most effective method to reduce pests and increase crop growth. However, pesticides have other consequences, including potential toxicity to humans and wildlife. Pesticides have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and birth defects. Labels on pesticides also suggest limiting exposure to these hazardous chemicals. Based on experimental evidence, various types of pesticides all seem to have a common effect, the induction of oxidative stress in different cell types and animal models. Pesticide-induced oxidative stress is caused by both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which are associated with several diseases including cancer, inflammation, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. ROS and RNS can activate at least five independent signaling pathways including mitochondrial-induced apoptosis. Limited in vitro studies also suggest that exogenous antioxidants can reduce or prevent the deleterious effects of pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasheed O. Sule
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Liam Condon
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Aldrin V. Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mello DF, Maurer LL, Ryde IT, Song DH, Marinakos SM, Jiang C, Wiesner MR, Hsu-Kim H, Meyer JN. In Vivo Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Development, Behavior, and Mitochondrial Function are Altered by Genetic Defects in Mitochondrial Dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1113-1124. [PMID: 35038872 PMCID: PMC8802983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively used in consumer products and biomedical applications, thus guaranteeing both environmental and human exposures. Despite extensive research addressing AgNP safety, there are still major knowledge gaps regarding AgNP toxicity mechanisms, particularly in whole organisms. Mitochondrial dysfunction is frequently described as an important cytotoxicity mechanism for AgNPs; however, it is still unclear if mitochondria are the direct targets of AgNPs. To test this, we exposed the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans to sublethal concentrations of AgNPs and assessed specific mitochondrial parameters as well as organismal-level endpoints that are highly reliant on mitochondrial function, such as development and chemotaxis behavior. All AgNPs tested significantly delayed nematode development, disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics, and blocked chemotaxis. However, silver was not preferentially accumulated in mitochondria, indicating that these effects are likely not due to direct mitochondria-AgNP interactions. Mutant nematodes with deficiencies in mitochondrial dynamics displayed both greater and decreased susceptibility to AgNPs compared to wild-type nematodes, which was dependent on the assay and AgNP type. Our study suggests that AgNPs indirectly promote mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to adverse outcomes at the organismal level, and reveals a role of gene-environment interactions in the susceptibility to AgNPs. Finally, we propose a novel hypothetical adverse outcome pathway for AgNP effects to guide future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle F. Mello
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Laura L. Maurer
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ian T. Ryde
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Dong Hoon Song
- Simulation Group, Samsung SDI, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Stella M. Marinakos
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Chuanjia Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Mark R. Wiesner
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Heileen Hsu-Kim
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Joel N. Meyer
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dhaneshwar A, Hardej D. Disruption of mitochondrial complexes, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis results from Mancozeb exposure in transformed human colon cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:103614. [PMID: 33592315 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene bisdithiocarbamate pesticides, including Mancozeb (MZ), are used as fungicides. Effects of MZ on apoptosis induction and mitochondrial activity of HT-29 colon cells were investigated. MZ exposed cells exhibited blebbing and cellular membrane disruption in scanning electron micrographs. Positive fluorescent staining with Annexin V at doses of 60-140 μM supports apoptosis as the mechanism of cell death. Activity of all electron transport chain complexes were evaluated. Mitochondrial Complex I activity was decreased in 100 μM treated cells. Mitochondrial Complex III activity was decreased in 60 and 100 μM MZ treated cells. Mitochondrial Complex II and Complex IV activities were decreased in cells treated with 60, 100, and 140 μM. Cells treated with 60 μM exhibited a decrease in Complex V enzyme activity. It is concluded that MZ exposure inhibits all mitochondrial complexes of HT-29 cells and that positive fluorescent microscopy and blebbing support previous studies of cell death via apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Dhaneshwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Healthy Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - Diane Hardej
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Healthy Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gonzalez-Hunt CP, Luz AL, Ryde IT, Turner EA, Ilkayeva OR, Bhatt DP, Hirschey MD, Meyer JN. Multiple metabolic changes mediate the response of Caenorhabditis elegans to the complex I inhibitor rotenone. Toxicology 2021; 447:152630. [PMID: 33188857 PMCID: PMC7750303 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, has been widely used to study the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on dopaminergic neurons in the context of Parkinson's disease. Although the deleterious effects of rotenone are well documented, we found that young adult Caenorhabditis elegans showed resistance to 24 and 48 h rotenone exposures. To better understand the response to rotenone in C. elegans, we evaluated mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters after 24 and 48 h exposures to 1 μM or 5 μM rotenone. Results suggested upregulation of mitochondrial complexes II and V following rotenone exposure, without major changes in oxygen consumption or steady-state ATP levels after rotenone treatment at the tested concentrations. We found evidence that the glyoxylate pathway (an alternate pathway not present in higher metazoans) was induced by rotenone exposure; gene expression measurements showed increases in mRNA levels for two complex II subunits and for isocitrate lyase, the key glyoxylate pathway enzyme. Targeted metabolomics analyses showed alterations in the levels of organic acids, amino acids, and acylcarnitines, consistent with the metabolic restructuring of cellular bioenergetic pathways including activation of complex II, the glyoxylate pathway, glycolysis, and fatty acid oxidation. This expanded understanding of how C. elegans responds metabolically to complex I inhibition via multiple bioenergetic adaptations, including the glyoxylate pathway, will be useful in interrogating the effects of mitochondrial and bioenergetic stressors and toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia P Gonzalez-Hunt
- Department of Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Anthony L Luz
- Department of Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Ian T Ryde
- Department of Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Elena A Turner
- Department of Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, United States; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Dhaval P Bhatt
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, United States; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States; Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Department of Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rives C, Fougerat A, Ellero-Simatos S, Loiseau N, Guillou H, Gamet-Payrastre L, Wahli W. Oxidative Stress in NAFLD: Role of Nutrients and Food Contaminants. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1702. [PMID: 33371482 PMCID: PMC7767499 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often the hepatic expression of metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities that comprise, among others, obesity and insulin-resistance. NAFLD involves a large spectrum of clinical conditions. These range from steatosis, a benign liver disorder characterized by the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by inflammation, hepatocyte damage, and liver fibrosis. NASH can further progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The etiology of NAFLD involves both genetic and environmental factors, including an unhealthy lifestyle. Of note, unhealthy eating is clearly associated with NAFLD development and progression to NASH. Both macronutrients (sugars, lipids, proteins) and micronutrients (vitamins, phytoingredients, antioxidants) affect NAFLD pathogenesis. Furthermore, some evidence indicates disruption of metabolic homeostasis by food contaminants, some of which are risk factor candidates in NAFLD. At the molecular level, several models have been proposed for the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Most importantly, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage have been reported to be causative in NAFLD initiation and progression. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the contribution of nutrients and food contaminants, especially pesticides, to oxidative stress and how they may influence NAFLD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Rives
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, EVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.R.); (A.F.); (S.E.-S.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Anne Fougerat
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, EVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.R.); (A.F.); (S.E.-S.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, EVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.R.); (A.F.); (S.E.-S.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, EVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.R.); (A.F.); (S.E.-S.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, EVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.R.); (A.F.); (S.E.-S.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Laurence Gamet-Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, EVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.R.); (A.F.); (S.E.-S.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Walter Wahli
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, EVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; (C.R.); (A.F.); (S.E.-S.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hershberger KA, Leuthner TC, Waters TA, Meyer JN. Caenorhabditis elegans strain sensitivity to sodium arsenite exposure is varied based on age and outcome measured. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2019; 2019:10.17912/micropub.biology.000186. [PMID: 32550437 PMCID: PMC7252313 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tess C Leuthner
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Tanner A Waters
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708,
Correspondence to: Joel N Meyer ()
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Queirós L, Pereira JL, Gonçalves FJ, Pacheco M, Aschner M, Pereira P. Caenorhabditis elegans as a tool for environmental risk assessment: emerging and promising applications for a "nobelized worm". Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:411-429. [PMID: 31268799 PMCID: PMC6823147 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1626801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans has been an invaluable model organism in research fields such as developmental biology and neurobiology. Neurotoxicity is one of the subfields greatly profiting from the C. elegans model within biomedical context, while the corresponding potential of the organism applied to environmental studies is relevant but has been largely underexplored. Within the biomedical scope, the implication of metals and organic chemicals with pesticide activity (hereinafter designated as pesticides) in the etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases has been extensively investigated using this nematode as a primary model organism. Additionally, as a well-known experimental model bearing high sensitivity to different contaminants and representing important functional levels in soil and aquatic ecosystems, C. elegans has high potential to be extensively integrated within Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) routines. In spite of the recognition of some regulatory agencies, this actual step has yet to be made. The purpose of this review is to discuss the major advantages supporting the inclusion of C. elegans in lower tiers of ERA. Special emphasis was given to its sensitivity to metals and pesticides, which is similar to that of other model organisms commonly used in ERA (e.g. Daphnia magna and Eisenia sp.), and to the large array of endpoints that can be tested with the species, both concerning the aquatic and the soil compartments. The inclusion of C. elegans testing may hence represent a relevant advance in ERA, providing ecologically relevant insights toward improvement of the regulatory capacity for establishing appropriate environmental protection benchmarks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Queirós
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J. L. Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - F. J.M. Gonçalves
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M. Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M. Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - P. Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Morales-Ovalles Y, Miranda-Contreras L, Peña-Contreras Z, Dávila-Vera D, Balza-Quintero A, Sánchez-Gil B, Mendoza-Briceño RV. Developmental exposure to mancozeb induced neurochemical and morphological alterations in adult male mouse hypothalamus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 64:139-146. [PMID: 30391875 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mancozeb, a dithiocarbamate widely used in agriculture, is considered a developmental hazard in humans; however, more evidences are still needed concerning the consequences of chronic exposure to this pesticide. Mancozeb neurotoxicity in developing mouse hypothalamus was evaluated by subchronic exposure of male Mus musculus mice to low and high doses of mancozeb (30 and 90 mg/kg body weight, respectively) from late neonatal until adolescence. Variations in hypothalamic amino acid neurotransmitter levels and changes in histological as well as cytological characteristics were analyzed in young adult experimental mice and compared with control. A dose-dependent increase in excitation/ inhibition ratio was observed in mancozeb-exposed hypothalamus, indicating an overall state of excitoxicity. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies showed increased apoptosis, neuroinflammation and demyelination, demonstrating mancozeb-induced cytotoxicity in hypothalamic neurosecretory cells. In summary, both neurochemical and morphological data revealed mancozeb-induced alterations during development of hypothalamic circuitry that are critical for maturation of the neuroendocrine system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Morales-Ovalles
- Electron Microscopy Center "Dr. Ernesto Palacios Prü", University of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | | | - Zulma Peña-Contreras
- Electron Microscopy Center "Dr. Ernesto Palacios Prü", University of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Delsy Dávila-Vera
- Electron Microscopy Center "Dr. Ernesto Palacios Prü", University of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Alirio Balza-Quintero
- Electron Microscopy Center "Dr. Ernesto Palacios Prü", University of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Beluardi Sánchez-Gil
- Electron Microscopy Center "Dr. Ernesto Palacios Prü", University of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mohammadi-Sardoo M, Mandegary A, Nabiuni M, Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Amirheidari B. Mancozeb induces testicular dysfunction through oxidative stress and apoptosis: Protective role of N-acetylcysteine antioxidant. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:798-811. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233718778397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mancozeb (MZB) is one of the fungicides used in pest control programs that might affect human health including reproductive system. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the mechanisms through which MZB induces testicular tissue damage and the probable protective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a modified amino acid, with antioxidant property, against MZB toxicity in an animal model. Male albino mice ( n = 8) were exposed to different doses of MZB (250 and 500 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage without or with NAC (200 mg/kg, twice/week) for 40 days. Sub-chronic MZB dose-dependently decreased sperm motility and count. Exposure to MZB increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl, while it reduced antioxidant enzymes activities, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione content. The histopathological examination clearly showed deleterious changes in the testicular structure. At the molecular levels, the results of quantitative real time-poly chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that MZB upregulated oxidative stress markers inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and downregulated expression of the glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) gene as one of the most important antioxidant enzymes. MZB also induced apoptosis dose-dependently in the testes as determined by the terminal dUTP nick-end labeling assay and immunoblotting. NAC administration decreased the mRNA levels of both iNOS and NOX4 with a concomitant increase in Gpx1 expression. It also significantly decreased MZB-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Collectively, the present study showed MZB-induced oxidative damage in testes leading to apoptosis. It revealed that antioxidants such as NAC can mitigate oxidant injury induced by the dithiocarbamate pesticides in the reproductive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nabiuni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bagher Amirheidari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Montgomery K, Corona C, Frye R, Barnett R, Bailey A, Fitsanakis VA. Transport of a manganese/zinc ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate fungicide may involve pre-synaptic dopaminergic transporters. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 68:66-71. [PMID: 29807111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mancozeb (MZ), an organic-metal fungicide used predominantly on vegetables and fruits, has been linked to neurodegeneration and behavioral disruptions in a variety of organisms, including humans. Both γ-aminobutyric acid and dopamine neurons appear to be more vulnerable to MZ exposure than other neuronal populations. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that MZ may be differentially transported into these cells through their presynaptic neurotransmitter transporters. To test this, we pretreated Caenorhabditis elegans with transporter antagonists followed by exposure to various concentrations of MZ. Potential neuroprotection was monitored via green fluorescence associated with various neuron populations in transgenic worm strains. Neurodegeneration associated with subacute MZ treatment (30 min) was not altered by transporter antagonist pretreatment. On the other hand, pretreatment with a dopamine transporter antagonist (GBR12909) appeared to protect dopaminergic neurons from chronic (24 h) MZ treatment. These results are consistent with other reports that dopamine transporter levels or activity may modulate toxicity for neurotoxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara Montgomery
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Caleb Corona
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Rebekah Frye
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Reid Barnett
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Andrew Bailey
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Vanessa A Fitsanakis
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Toxic Effects of Bisphenol A, Propyl Paraben, and Triclosan on Caenorhabditis elegans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040684. [PMID: 29621162 PMCID: PMC5923726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous plasticizer which is absorbed by ingestion and dermal contact; propyl paraben (PPB) inhibits the microbiome and extends the shelf life of many personal care products, whereas triclosan (TCS) is commonly found in antiseptics, disinfectants, or additives. In this work, Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a biological model to assess the toxic effects of BPA, PPB, and TCS. The wild type strain, Bristol N2, was used in bioassays with the endpoints of lethality, growth, and reproduction; green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic strains with the hsp-3, hsp-4, hsp-16.2, hsp-70, sod-1, sod-4, cyp-35A4, cyp-29A2, and skn-1 genes were evaluated for their mRNA expression through fluorescence measurement; and quick Oil Red O (q ORO) was utilized to stain lipid deposits. Lethality was concentration-dependent, while TCS and PPB showed more toxicity than BPA. BPA augmented worm length, while PPB reduced it. All toxicants moderately increased the width and the width–length ratio. BPA and PPB promoted reproduction, in contrast to TCS, which diminished it. All toxicants affected the mRNA expression of genes related to cellular stress, control of reactive oxygen species, and nuclear receptor activation. Lipid accumulation occurred in exposed worms. In conclusion, BPA, PPB, and TCS alter the physiology of growth, lipid accumulation, and reproduction in C. elegans, most likely through oxidative stress mechanisms.
Collapse
|
20
|
Bailey DC, Todt CE, Burchfield SL, Pressley AS, Denney RD, Snapp IB, Negga R, Traynor WL, Fitsanakis VA. Chronic exposure to a glyphosate-containing pesticide leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species production in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 57:46-52. [PMID: 29190595 PMCID: PMC5803312 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-containing herbicides are among the most widely-used in the world. Although glyphosate itself is relatively non-toxic, growing evidence suggests that commercial herbicide formulations may lead to increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial inhibition. In order to assess these mechanisms in vivo, we chronically (24h) exposed Caenorhabditis elegans to various concentrations of the glyphosate-containing herbicide TouchDown (TD). Following TD exposure, we evaluated the function of specific mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes. Initial oxygen consumption studies demonstrated inhibition in mid- and high-TD concentration treatment groups compared to controls. Results from tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester and ATP assays indicated reductions in the proton gradient and ATP levels, respectively. Additional studies were designed to determine whether TD exposure resulted in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Data from hydrogen peroxide, but not superoxide or hydroxyl radical, assays showed statistically significant increases in this specific ROS. Taken together, these data indicate that exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans to TD leads to mitochondrial inhibition and hydrogen peroxide production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise C Bailey
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Callie E Todt
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Shelbie L Burchfield
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Aireal S Pressley
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Rachel D Denney
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Isaac B Snapp
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Rekek Negga
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Wendy L Traynor
- King University, Department of Mathematics and Physics, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| | - Vanessa A Fitsanakis
- King University, Department of Biology, 1350 King College Road, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
van der Bliek AM, Sedensky MM, Morgan PG. Cell Biology of the Mitochondrion. Genetics 2017; 207:843-871. [PMID: 29097398 PMCID: PMC5676242 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are best known for harboring pathways involved in ATP synthesis through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Major advances in understanding these roles were made with Caenorhabditiselegans mutants affecting key components of the metabolic pathways. These mutants have not only helped elucidate some of the intricacies of metabolism pathways, but they have also served as jumping off points for pharmacology, toxicology, and aging studies. The field of mitochondria research has also undergone a renaissance, with the increased appreciation of the role of mitochondria in cell processes other than energy production. Here, we focus on discoveries that were made using C. elegans, with a few excursions into areas that were studied more thoroughly in other organisms, like mitochondrial protein import in yeast. Advances in mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane dynamics were made through the discoveries of novel functions in mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins. Some of these functions were only apparent through the use of diverse model systems, such as C. elegans Studies of stress responses, exemplified by mitophagy and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, have also benefitted greatly from the use of model organisms. Recent developments include the discoveries in C. elegans of cell autonomous and nonautonomous pathways controlling the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, as well as mechanisms for degradation of paternal mitochondria after fertilization. The evolutionary conservation of many, if not all, of these pathways ensures that results obtained with C. elegans are equally applicable to studies of human mitochondria in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M van der Bliek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - Margaret M Sedensky
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington 98101
| | - Phil G Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington 98101
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Luz AL, Godebo TR, Smith LL, Leuthner TC, Maurer LL, Meyer JN. Deficiencies in mitochondrial dynamics sensitize Caenorhabditis elegans to arsenite and other mitochondrial toxicants by reducing mitochondrial adaptability. Toxicology 2017; 387:81-94. [PMID: 28602540 PMCID: PMC5535741 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and mitophagy are interlinked processes that regulate mitochondrial shape, number, and size, as well as metabolic activity and stress response. The fundamental importance of these processes is evident in the fact that mutations in fission (DRP1), fusion (MFN2, OPA1), and mitophagy (PINK1, PARK2) genes can cause human disease (collectively >1/10,000). Interestingly, however, the age of onset and severity of clinical manifestations varies greatly between patients with these diseases (even those harboring identical mutations), suggesting a role for environmental factors in the development and progression of certain mitochondrial diseases. Using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, we screened ten mitochondrial toxicants (2, 4-dinitrophenol, acetaldehyde, acrolein, aflatoxin B1, arsenite, cadmium, cisplatin, doxycycline, paraquat, rotenone) for increased or decreased toxicity in fusion (fzo-1, eat-3)-, fission (drp-1)-, and mitophagy (pdr-1, pink-1)-deficient nematodes using a larval growth assay. In general, fusion-deficient nematodes were the most sensitive to toxicants, including aflatoxin B1, arsenite, cisplatin, paraquat, and rotenone. Because arsenite was particularly potent in fission- and fusion-deficient nematodes, and hundreds of millions of people are chronically exposed to arsenic, we investigated the effects of these genetic deficiencies on arsenic toxicity in more depth. We found that deficiencies in fission and fusion sensitized nematodes to arsenite-induced lethality throughout aging. Furthermore, low-dose arsenite, which acted in a "mitohormetic" fashion by increasing mitochondrial function (in particular, basal and maximal oxygen consumption) in wild-type nematodes by a wide range of measures, exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction in fusion-deficient nematodes. Analysis of multiple mechanistic changes suggested that disruption of pyruvate metabolism and Krebs cycle activity underlie the observed arsenite-induced mitochondrial deficits, and these disruptions are exacerbated in the absence of mitochondrial fusion. This research demonstrates the importance of mitochondrial dynamics in limiting arsenite toxicity by permitting mitochondrial adaptability. It also suggests that individuals suffering from deficiencies in mitodynamic processes may be more susceptible to the mitochondrial toxicity of arsenic and other toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Luz
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Box 90328, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Tewodros R Godebo
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Box 90328, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Latasha L Smith
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Box 90328, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Tess C Leuthner
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Box 90328, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Laura L Maurer
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, NJ, 08801-3059, USA
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Box 90328, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|